Electromagnetic and Circuit Simulation of Injection Probes For Bulk Current Injection

Electromagnetic and Circuit
Simulation of Injection Probes

for Bulk Current Injection
F. Grassi, L. Di Rienzo,
and S. A. Pignari
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
Dept. of Electrical Eng.
EMC Group @ POLIMI
Milan, Italy
2009 CST European User Group Meeting

March 16-18, 2009, Darmstadtium Congress Centre,
Darmstadt, Germany
Research motivation
EMC Group @ POLIMI
In real test set-ups,

ups the correlation between noise levels
expected and effectively injected in the EUT may be seriously
jeopardized by
electrically-long wire harness
mismatching at terminations
probe loading effects
multi-wire bundles
Need for unambigous correlation

circuit/numerical simulation models
real/virtual calibration structures
possible extension to multi-wire cables

2 of 21
Mar. 16-18, 2009, Darmstadt, Germany
Lumped-Pi circuit model
EMC Group @ POLIMI
Accurate lumped-Pi circuit model VRF RS

recently proposed
represents the probe clamped on the
CC +C1 LC
cable under test
L1w0
L1(ω )
stems from measurement data L2(ω ) M(ω )
ad hoc procedure of de-embedding
accounts for frequency-dependent effects C2 C2
ferrite complex permeabilty
parasitics, setup-related effects, etc.
F. Grassi, F. Marliani, S. A. Pignari, IEEE Trans. EMC, vol. 49, Aug. 2007.

3 of 21
Experimental characterization
EMC Group @ POLIMI
Estimation of the inductive coupling requires the

knowledge of the complex permeability spectra of the core
These spectra are retrieved via an experimental procedure
VNA measurements of the probe input impedance in the absence of
secondary circuit
de-embedding of the effects due to the primary winding and the
input connector/adapter
LN L1w0
PROBE INPUT
IMPEDANCE
MEASUREMENT C1+ CN L1(ω )

4 of 21
The “Core” problem
EMC Group @ POLIMI
500
Complex spectra of effective |µr(f)|
permeability 400 µr’(f)
inherent response of a ferrite 300 µr’’(f)
specimen
200
dimensional phenomena
eddy currents 100
dimensional resonances 0
µˆ r (ω ) = µ ' r (ω ) − jµ ' ' r (ω ) -100 7 8

6
10 10 10
Frequency, [Hz]
Complex and frequency-dependent inductances
Lˆ1 (ω ) = L 0 µˆ r (ω ) Mˆ (ω ) = L0 µˆ r (ω ) / N1 Lˆ2 (ω) = L0µˆr (ω) / N12 + L2d

L0 coreless self-inductance of the primary winding
5 of 21
Rationale for CST MWS modeling
EMC Group @ POLIMI
Why?
1. validation and extension of the probe circuit model
2. simulation of set-ups involving multi-wire bundles
CM vs. DM injection test procedures
3. virtual testing for EMC assessment, according to directive
2004/108/CE
4. optimization of BCI probes design
geometrical dimensions
material properties
How? A priori knowledge of :

1. geometrical dimensions of the probe (both outside and inside)
inside
2. frequency spectra of intrinsic permeability of the ferrite core

6 of 21
CST MWS probe model
EMC Group @ POLIMI
Includes
probe metallic frame Æ PEC
primary winding (wound around the magn. core) Æ PEC
input connector/adapter pair Æ PEC & dielectrics
toroidal ferrite core Æ freq. dependent material
L. Di Rienzo, F. Grassi, S. A. Pignari, “FIT modeling of injection probes

for bulk current injection,” in Proc. ACES 2007, Verona, Italy .

7 of 21
EM model of the input connector
EMC Group @ POLIMI
The adapter/connector pair is modeled as the chain

connection of 3 coaxial lines with ZC = 50 Ω
Model validation is obtained via preliminary simulation
and VNA measurement of the connector/adapter series, in
the absence of the probe ( S11 -- 300 kHz – 600 MHz)
MHz
|S11|
0
|S11| [dB]
-20
Real(S11)
Imag(S11)
-40
measurement
-60
prediction
6 7 8
10 10 10 f [Hz]
8 of 21
Modeling the ferrite core
EMC Group @ POLIMI
Inherent response of the ferrite (i.e., of a ferrite specimen)

specimen
usually not available to end-users
not retrievable from meas. data,
data due to superposition and interaction
with dimensional phenomena (effective permeability spectra)
Iterative procedure for core characterization
guess a frequency model 400
fit model parameters by comparison | µr|
vs. Zin meas. until optimal fitting µr'

300
µr''
µ = µ ' - j ω µ ''
r
1st order DEBYE MODEL 200
DISPERSION PHENOMENA
r
100
µ s − µ∞
µˆ r (ω ) = µ ∞ +
r
1 + jωτ 0 5
10
6
10
7
10 10
8 9
10 10
10
frequency [Hz]

9 of 21
Modeling the ferrite core cont’d
EMC Group @ POLIMI
Preliminary validation of the model

test Sin, at the input port of the probe
reflection test, 1 + Sin
Z in = R0
waveguide port at the adapter input 1 − Sin
52080 hexahedral cells mesh
|S11|
Sin 0
-20
S11 [dB]
-40 Real(S11)
-60
measurement Imag(S11)
prediction
-80 6 7 8
10 10 10 f [Hz]
10 of 21
Different modeling strategies
EMC Group @ POLIMI
CST MWS EM model Circuit model (e.g., SPICE)

inherent response of the material inherent response + dim. phenomena
Æ intrinsic permeability spectra Æ effective permeability spectra
1st order DEBYE MODEL 2nd order LORENTZ MODEL
(dispersion phenomena) (resonance phenomena)
µ − µ∞ Aω02
µˆ r (ω ) ≅ µ ∞ + s µˆ r ( s ) ≅ 1 + 2
1 + jωτ s + s∆ω + ω02
400 400
|µr| |µ r|
µr' 300 µ 'r
µr = µ'r - j ω µ''r
µr = µr' - j ω µr''
300
µr'' µ ''r
200
200
100
100
0
0 5 6 7 8 9 10
-100 6 7 8
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
frequency [Hz] frequency [Hz]

11 of 21
Implementation in SPICE
EMC Group @ POLIMI
Inductive coupling: Preliminary transformation

I1 I2 I1 N1:1 L2d I2
M(ω )
I1' I''
1
V2''
V1 L1(ω ) L2(ω ) V2 V1 L1(ω ) V2' V2
Old model
L1(ω), L2(ω), and M(ω) proportional to ˆ (ω ) = µˆ (ω )Λ
Λ r 0
New model
only i.e., L1(ω)
f-dependent behavior of the core: one parameter only,
coupling between winding: ideal transformer (N1:1)
leakage inductance (L2d): analytically estimated
more suited for SPICE implementation via ABM modules
12 of 21
Implementation in SPICE cont’d
EMC Group @ POLIMI
A VCCS with transfer function

I1=0 I2
I1′ j
gm = =−
V1 ωLˆ1 (ω )
V1 gmV1
is used to model the shunted branch, i.e.,
phenomena due to the core frequency behavior
I1 N1:1 L2d I2 GFREQ/GLAPLACE MODULE

E1 L2d
+
I1' I''
1 -
+
-
55 nH
V2''
L1(ω )
V1 V2 GAIN = 1
V2'
IN+ OUT+
IN- OUT- 0
V(%IN+, %IN-)
2 possible 1. GFREQ module F1
ABM 2. GLAPLACE module GAIN = -1

13 of 21
Implementation in SPICE cont’d
EMC Group @ POLIMI
500
GLAPLACE: Main feature ¾FROM MEASUR
| µr (f)|
400 µ '(f)
ABM VCCS with gain assigned r
µ ''(f)
by a Laplace transform function 300 r
200
GLAPLACE: Application
100
VCCS gain
I′ j 0
¾LORENTZ
gm = 1 = −
V1 ωLˆ1 (ω ) -100 6 7 8
10 10 f, [Hz] 10
• retrieved from measurement data (evaluation of the effective

permeability spectra of the ferrite core)
• approximated by means of a proper transfer function with
parameters obtained from measurement data
F. Grassi, F. Marliani, S. A. Pignari “SPICE modeling of BCI probes accounting for the
frequency-dependent behavior of the ferrite core,” in Proc. XIXth URSI GA, 2008.

14 of 21
Validation/Calibration fixture
EMC Group @ POLIMI
Mechanical layout
single-ended interconnection
l h
SMA terminal connectors w
metallic vertical strips
Calibration fixture vs. std. JIG Complete BCI test set-up

mismatching at terminations validation purposes
open structure (as for real wiring) SP meas. at the 3 ports
3
2
1

15 of 21
Modeling the validation fixture
EMC Group @ POLIMI
Pass-through SMA connectors

coaxial lines with ZC = 50 Ω
SP at the output ports up to 600 MHz
waveguide ports (outside the strips)
246960 hexahedral cells
25 lines per wavelength

16 of 21
Validation of the fixture model
EMC Group @ POLIMI
2 2
1 1
S11= S22 [dB] S21= S12 [dB]
0 |S11 | |S12 |
0
-20 Imag(S11 ) -20
-40 Real(S11 ) -40 Imag(S12 )

Real(S12 )
-60
-60
measurement measurement
prediction -80 prediction
-80 6 7 8 6 7 8
10 10 10 10 10 10
f [Hz] f [Hz]

17 of 21
CST MWS virtual measurement
EMC Group @ POLIMI
SP measurement at the output ports -- 300 kHz – 400 MHz
HOW TO…?
1484100 mesh cells
25 lines/wavelength ⎡S11 S12 S13 ⎤
S3 = ⎢S12 S11 − S13⎥
pulse duration: 6 ns
136 MByte of memory ⎢ ⎥
3 h - 3.4 GHz Pentium Xeon workstation ⎢⎣S13 − S13 S33 ⎥⎦
steady state accuracy limit -60 dB

18 of 21
Model Validation up to 400 MHz
EMC Group @ POLIMI
S11= S22 [dB] S21= S12 [dB]

0
|S11 | 0 |S21 |
-20
-20
Imag(S21 )
Real(S11 )
-40 -40
Imag(S11 ) Real(S21 )
-60 -60
measurement measurement
prediction prediction
-80 6 7 8
-80 6 7 8
10 10 10 10 10 10
19 of 21
Model Validation up to 400 MHz
EMC Group @ POLIMI
S13= -S23 [dB] S33 [dB]

0 |S13 | 0 |S33 |
-20 -20
-40 Imag(S13 ) -40 Real(S33 )
-60 -60
Real(S13 )
measurement measurement Imag(S33)
prediction prediction
-80 6 7 8
-80 6 7 8
10 10 10 10 10 10
20 of 21
Conclusion
EMC Group @ POLIMI
Main steps
1. EM model of the BCI probe
CAD modeling of the probe & input connector/adapter
Characterization of the f-response of the ferrite core
first order Debye model for representing intrinsic properties
circuit modeling via SPICE for explaining the differences between
EM and circuital modeling
2. EM model of the validation fixture
Validation up to 400 MHz
Possible applications
Virtual test set-up for EMC assessment & circuit model extension
to the case of multi-wire bundles
Design optimization of injection devices
21 of 21

Electromagnetic and Circuit Simulation of Injection Probes For Bulk Current Injection

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Electromagnetic and Circuit Simulation of Injection Probes For Bulk Current Injection

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Electromagnetic and Circuit

Simulation of Injection Probes

2009 CST European User Group Meeting

 In real test set-ups,

 Need for unambigous correlation

2009 CST European User Group Meeting

 Accurate lumped-Pi circuit model VRF RS

2009 CST European User Group Meeting

 Estimation of the inductive coupling requires the

2009 CST European User Group Meeting

µˆ r (ω ) = µ ' r (ω ) − jµ ' ' r (ω ) -100 7 8

Lˆ1 (ω ) = L 0 µˆ r (ω ) Mˆ (ω ) = L0 µˆ r (ω ) / N1 Lˆ2 (ω) = L0µˆr (ω) / N12 + L2d

 How? A priori knowledge of :

2009 CST European User Group Meeting

L. Di Rienzo, F. Grassi, S. A. Pignari, “FIT modeling of injection probes

2009 CST European User Group Meeting

 The adapter/connector pair is modeled as the chain

 Inherent response of the ferrite (i.e., of a ferrite specimen)

vs. Zin meas. until optimal fitting µr'

2009 CST European User Group Meeting

 Preliminary validation of the model

 CST MWS EM model  Circuit model (e.g., SPICE)

2009 CST European User Group Meeting

 Inductive coupling: Preliminary transformation

 A VCCS with transfer function

I1 N1:1 L2d I2 GFREQ/GLAPLACE MODULE

2 possible 1. GFREQ module F1

ABM 2. GLAPLACE module GAIN = -1

2009 CST European User Group Meeting

• retrieved from measurement data (evaluation of the effective

2009 CST European User Group Meeting

 metallic vertical strips

 Calibration fixture vs. std. JIG  Complete BCI test set-up

2009 CST European User Group Meeting

 Pass-through SMA connectors

2009 CST European User Group Meeting

S11= S22 [dB] S21= S12 [dB]

-20 Imag(S11 ) -20

-40 Real(S11 ) -40 Imag(S12 )

2009 CST European User Group Meeting

 SP measurement at the output ports -- 300 kHz – 400 MHz

2009 CST European User Group Meeting

S11= S22 [dB] S21= S12 [dB]

S13= -S23 [dB] S33 [dB]

-40 Imag(S13 ) -40 Real(S33 )

Potrebbero piacerti anche

In real test set-ups,

Need for unambigous correlation

Accurate lumped-Pi circuit model VRF RS

Estimation of the inductive coupling requires the

How? A priori knowledge of :

The adapter/connector pair is modeled as the chain

Inherent response of the ferrite (i.e., of a ferrite specimen)

Preliminary validation of the model

CST MWS EM model Circuit model (e.g., SPICE)

Inductive coupling: Preliminary transformation

A VCCS with transfer function

metallic vertical strips

Calibration fixture vs. std. JIG Complete BCI test set-up

Pass-through SMA connectors

SP measurement at the output ports -- 300 kHz – 400 MHz