NGHI SON TPP No.

1
HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF CW DISCHARGE
CHANNEL

PL1-1
I. General
The CW discharge channel of Nghi Son TPP No.1 is designed for common use for
both Nghi Son TPP 1 and 2 with the total flow of 80m3/s (25+55). The design
objective of the discharge channel is to discharge with such flow under the limited
water level at start point (at siphon tank) and end point (outfall gate to the sea).
The selected discharge channel has RC rectangular shape. The start point is the
drain collection tank of Nghi Son 1 and 2, then connected to closed culvert of each
power plant and discharged to the common open channel. The end point is the
pressure tank. Drain water from pressure tank through two concrete culverts is
discharged to the sea at the centre elevation of culvert of – 5.0m. The discharge
outlet has minimum elevation of -7.0m.
The work consists of one (1) underground RC culvert through the drain discharge
channel with the culvert bottom elevation of -4.25m, 34m long, (3x3.75m) x 4
dimension.

Water level table at Nghi Son station (HN72 system)

P% 1 3 5 10 20 50 70 90 95 97 99

H peak-tide (cm) 152 147 134 130 116 91 76 52 46 35 24

H ebb-tide (cm) -8 -27 -32 -42 -57 -87 -101 -123 -129 -140 -149

I.1. Calculation in Technical Desing phase

During the TD phase, the selected width is B=11m, slope i=0.001 with total lengh
of 3100m.
The calculation combinations have been approved:
- Case 1: The start point of the discharge channel discharges at the maximum
flow of 80m3/s, the end point is corresponding to highest water level +2.91m
(peak-tide = +0,91m frequency 50% and water increased due to typhoon 2m);
- Case 2: The start point of the discharge channel discharges at the maximum
flow of 80m3/s, the end point is corresponding to ebb-tide =-1.49m (frequency
99%), velocity check internally.
Calculation results:

Calculation Channel water level at Channel water level

cases
Vmax (m/s)
start point (m) at end point (m)

Case 1 +4,55 +3,39 2,37

Case 2 +4,15 -0,367 3,99

I.2. Proposals in detailed drawing design phase

PL1-2
 Due to changes in plant layout that the channel centre and lenth is adjusted
accordingly. The length is about 2700m.
The calculations will be performed at different widths in order to find out the most
feasible size. Because the application condition for land for the section adjacent to
mountain is limited, so in TD phase this section was required mountain leveling
with difficult and complicated construction condition and high rock leveling and
talus protection expense. Therefore, the calculations will consider to reduce the
width proposed in TD and optimize the layout arrangement for the section adjacent
to mountain (to make use of the available area; to pass the layout externally, etc.)
II. Calculation diagram
The calculation diagram of CW discharge channel :

PL1-3
S h ip h o n P it

C W d is c h a r g e b o x c u l v e r t 2 (3 x 3 )

open channel

open channel

Cèng ngÇm

o pen channel

open channel

open channel

open channel

C W o u t f a l l 2 (4 x 4 )

PL1-4
Calculation formula
The discharge flow via weir is determined as per formula :
Q = σ n mb k 2g h 3 / 2 (PL1-1)
where:
* m : Flow factor.
* bk : Channel width
* h : Water Head depth in front of the channel
* σn : submerged factor dependable on hk/hk ratio with h is water level depth at
inlet
To determine hk , it is feasible to determine as per the formula of steady flow :
Q = ω.C. Ri (PL1-2)
Where:
* m : Channel talus factor
* Q: Calculation flow through the channel
* n : Channel’s roughness factor (with RC structure n = 0,016)
* i : Channel slope
* To determine the steady flow of the channel – It is assumed that hk:
ω = h.(m.h k + b k ) (PL1-3)
χ = b k + 2h k 1 + m 2 (PL1-4)
ω
R= (PL1-5)
χ
1
1
C = R6 (PL1-6)
n
* To calculate the flow, area, wet perimeter, Cedi factor as per aforementioned
formulas.
Calculations were performed in accordance with gradual elimination method in
order to find out the channel’s inlet bottom elevation and channel width bk as well
as steady depth hk.
The flow selection through the discharge channel which is discharged via two (2)
deep discharge gates with dimension of 4x4(m) so that it is necessary to care about
the drainage of two gates.
The drainage flow via deep discharge gate is determined as per the following
formula:
Q = μω 2gZ (PL1-7)
where:

PL1-5
 * μ : Flow factor.
* ω : Closed culvert area
* Z : Difference between max peak tide and water level at discharge channel end
point.
μ : Flow factor is determined as per the formula:
1
μ=
L (PL1-8)
1+ ∑ξ + λ
D
The culvert loss is the combination of total loss of inlet section, loss along the
culvert and loss of all bend sections.
In addition to the discharge calculation of channel, of culvert, it is necessary to
calculate water level line in order to determine water levels in the channel as well as
reasonable bottom elevation at outlet and inlet.
The objective of water level line calculation is to determine hydraulic elements such
as v, hk as per flow direction and on these bases to check conditions such as erosion,
sediment, safety factor of channel wall.
Calculation can be directly implemented as per direct plus method (project
hydraulic) by dividing water slope into various section having length Δl, to
calculate from start point of water slope to end point of water slope so that
∑ Δl = L d

i
j i+1

hi vi
v i+1
i h i+1

i i+1
l

Using direct plus method:

Δ∋
Δl = (PL1-9)
i− j
Where:
+ Δ∋ energy difference of section i and i+1

PL1-6
 α.v i2 α.v i2+1
Δ ∋= (h i + ) − (h i +1 + ) (PL1-10)
2.g 2.g
+ i. channel bottom slope:
+ j. hydraulic slope
1 Q2 Q2
j= ( 2 2 + ) (PL1-11)
2 ω i .C i .R i ω i2+1 .C i2+1 .R i +1
where
+ ω: wet section area
+ R: hydraulic radius, R = ω/χ
+ χ: wet section perimeter
+ C: Sedi factor
+ n : Concrte roughness factor n = 0.016
+ Q : Channel flow
1 y 1 1
C= R ,y= ÷ (PL1-12)
n 5 6
III. Calculation cases
In accordance with the approved TD, the channel has been calculated with two
cases :
- Case 1: The start point of the discharge channel discharges at the maximum
flow of 80m3/s, the end point is corresponding to highest water level +2.91m
(peak-tide water level = +0,91m frequency 50% and water increased due to
typhoon 2m);
- Case 2: The start point of the discharge channel discharges at the maximum
flow of 80m3/s, the end point is corresponding to ebb-tide water level =-1.49m
(frequency 99%), to check the internal velocity.
IV. Calculation method and sequence
This calculation is calculated as per gradual elimination method.
For case 1, calculation is implemented as follows :
* Step 1 : To determine the discharge capability of two (2) 4x4 culvert
corresponding to Max. water = +2.91 m (water level after culvert) in order to
find out the water level before culvert (i.e. water level a tend point of discharge
channel). The calculation is implemented as per pressurized flow diagram
through deep discharge culvert.
* Step 2 : To select size of discharge channel such as channel width, slope,
bottom elevation at end point.
* Step 3 : To calculate water level line in the channel with selected data at water

PL1-7
 level depth at point determined in step 1. We have elevation at start point and
water level depth at start point.
* Step 4 : To take result from step 3 to calculate the discharge capability at start
point of discharge channel (to consider the flow from siphon tank to discharge
channel as the flow over the broad-crested weir) by assuming that water level
before that discharge channel is to meet with the discharge capability. The flow
Q= 80m3/s.
* Step 5 : From step 4, the water level before the discharge channel was
calculated. This water level is the water level after two 3x3m culverts and it
must ensure that this water level and max. water level in siphon tanks of power
plants is +5.0m, satisfactorily to the required flow (Qy/c = 25 + 55 = 80).
For case 2, calculation is implemented as follows :
* Step 1: To determine the discharge capability of two 4x4m culverts with
min.water level of =-1,49 (water level after culvert) in order to find out the
water level before the culvert (i.e. water level a tend point of discharge
channel). The calculation is implemented as per pressurized flow diagram
through deep discharge culvert (dimensions are taken as per calculations in
case 1).
* Step 2 : To calculate water level line in discharge channel with selected data
with water level depth at end point of discharge channel in step 1. The results
show the water level depth at start point of discharge channel. To check the
unclarified velocity in discharge channel.
V. Calculation results
Bảng PL1- 1: Discharge capability through 2 culverts 4x4 (m)
Water
L
b h Dtd V Z level at
No. Qtt n channel w μ
(m) (m) (m) (m/s) (m) end
(m)
point
1 80 2 4 4 4.51 50 2.5 32.00 0.50 0.7963 3.41

Bảng PL1- 2:

Water level line calculation in the channel will be implemented in 2 options bk

= 8 and 11 m.

PL1-8
 Bảng PL1- 3: Water level line calculation results in discharge channel (case 1) (with width B=8m)
Channel Water
h(m) Q(m3/s) v(m/s) B(m) W(m2) k R C J i bottom level in the E1(m) dL(m) L(m)
ele. channel
5.812 80.00 1.72 8 46.50 19.62 2.37 72.16 0.0002 -2.4 3.412 5.9633 0.00
5.742 80.00 1.74 8 45.94 19.48 2.36 72.10 0.0002 0.001 -2.31 3.430 5.8970 87.66 87.66
5.672 80.00 1.76 8 45.38 19.34 2.35 72.04 0.0003 0.001 -2.22 3.448 5.8308 88.37 176.03
5.602 80.00 1.78 8 44.82 19.20 2.33 71.98 0.0003 0.001 -2.13 3.468 5.7648 89.14 265.16
5.532 80.00 1.81 8 44.26 19.06 2.32 71.92 0.0003 0.001 -2.04 3.488 5.6990 89.95 355.12
5.462 80.00 1.83 8 43.70 18.92 2.31 71.85 0.0003 0.001 -1.95 3.508 5.6333 90.83 445.94
5.392 80.00 1.85 8 43.14 18.78 2.30 71.79 0.0003 0.001 -1.86 3.530 5.5677 91.77 537.71
5.322 80.00 1.88 8 42.58 18.64 2.28 71.72 0.0003 0.001 -1.77 3.553 5.5024 92.78 630.49
5.252 80.00 1.90 8 42.02 18.50 2.27 71.65 0.0003 0.001 -1.68 3.577 5.4372 93.87 724.36
5.182 80.00 1.93 8 41.46 18.36 2.26 71.58 0.0003 0.001 -1.58 3.602 5.3722 95.05 819.40
5.112 80.00 1.96 8 40.90 18.22 2.24 71.51 0.0003 0.001 -1.48 3.628 5.3074 96.32 915.73
5.042 80.00 1.98 8 40.34 18.08 2.23 71.44 0.0003 0.001 -1.39 3.656 5.2429 97.71 1013.44
4.972 80.00 2.01 8 39.78 17.94 2.22 71.37 0.0004 0.001 -1.29 3.685 5.1786 99.23 1112.67
4.902 80.00 2.04 8 39.22 17.80 2.20 71.29 0.0004 0.001 -1.19 3.716 5.1145 100.89 1213.56
4.832 80.00 2.07 8 38.66 17.66 2.19 71.21 0.0004 0.001 -1.08 3.749 5.0507 102.71 1316.27
4.762 80.00 2.10 8 38.10 17.52 2.17 71.14 0.0004 0.001 -0.98 3.783 4.9872 104.72 1420.99
4.692 80.00 2.13 8 37.54 17.38 2.16 71.06 0.0004 0.001 -0.87 3.820 4.9239 106.95 1527.95
4.622 80.00 2.16 8 36.98 17.24 2.14 70.97 0.0004 0.001 -0.76 3.860 4.8610 109.44 1637.39
4.552 80.00 2.20 8 36.42 17.10 2.13 70.89 0.0005 0.001 -0.65 3.902 4.7984 112.22 1749.61
4.482 80.00 2.23 8 35.86 16.96 2.11 70.80 0.0005 0.001 -0.54 3.947 4.7361 115.36 1864.97
4.412 80.00 2.27 8 35.30 16.82 2.10 70.72 0.0005 0.001 -0.42 3.996 4.6742 118.93 1983.90
4.342 80.00 2.30 8 34.74 16.68 2.08 70.63 0.0005 0.001 -0.29 4.049 4.6127 123.01 2106.91
4.272 80.00 2.34 8 34.18 16.54 2.07 70.53 0.0005 0.001 -0.17 4.107 4.5517 127.72 2234.62
4.202 80.00 2.38 8 33.62 16.40 2.05 70.44 0.0006 0.001 -0.03 4.170 4.4910 133.22 2367.84
4.132 80.00 2.42 8 33.06 16.26 2.03 70.34 0.0006 0.001 0.11 4.240 4.4309 139.71 2507.55
PL1-10
4.062 80.00 2.46 8 32.50 16.12 2.02 70.24 0.0006 0.001 0.26 4.317 4.3713 147.50 2655.06
4.029 80.00 2.48 8 32.23 16.06 2.01 70.20 0.0006 0.001 0.33 4.359 4.3428 -638.20 2730.70

Bảng PL1- 4: Water level line calculation results in discharge channel (case 1) (with width B=11m)
Channel Water
h(m) Q(m3/s) v(m/s) B(m) W(m2) k R C J i bottom level in the E1(m) dL(m) L(m)
ele. channel
4.912 80.00 1.48 11 54.04 20.82 2.59 73.27 0.0002 -1.5 3.412 5.0241 0.00
4.840 80.00 1.50 11 53.24 20.68 2.57 73.17 0.0002 0.001 -1.42 3.422 4.9555 81.78 81.78
4.768 80.00 1.53 11 52.45 20.54 2.55 73.07 0.0002 0.001 -1.34 3.432 4.8870 82.25 164.03
4.696 80.00 1.55 11 51.66 20.39 2.53 72.97 0.0002 0.001 -1.25 3.443 4.8187 82.75 246.78
4.624 80.00 1.57 11 50.87 20.25 2.51 72.87 0.0002 0.001 -1.17 3.455 4.7505 83.29 330.07
4.552 80.00 1.60 11 50.08 20.10 2.49 72.77 0.0002 0.001 -1.09 3.466 4.6825 83.87 413.94
4.480 80.00 1.62 11 49.28 19.96 2.47 72.66 0.0002 0.001 -1.00 3.479 4.6147 84.50 498.44
4.408 80.00 1.65 11 48.49 19.82 2.45 72.55 0.0002 0.001 -0.92 3.492 4.5472 85.19 583.63
4.336 80.00 1.68 11 47.70 19.67 2.42 72.44 0.0002 0.001 -0.83 3.506 4.4798 85.93 669.56
4.264 80.00 1.71 11 46.91 19.53 2.40 72.33 0.0002 0.001 -0.74 3.521 4.4127 86.74 756.30
4.192 80.00 1.73 11 46.12 19.38 2.38 72.21 0.0002 0.001 -0.66 3.536 4.3458 87.64 843.94
4.120 80.00 1.77 11 45.32 19.24 2.36 72.09 0.0003 0.001 -0.57 3.553 4.2792 88.61 932.55
4.048 80.00 1.80 11 44.53 19.10 2.33 71.97 0.0003 0.001 -0.48 3.571 4.2129 89.69 1022.25
3.976 80.00 1.83 11 43.74 18.95 2.31 71.85 0.0003 0.001 -0.39 3.590 4.1469 90.89 1113.14
3.904 80.00 1.86 11 42.95 18.81 2.28 71.72 0.0003 0.001 -0.29 3.610 4.0813 92.22 1205.36
3.832 80.00 1.90 11 42.16 18.66 2.26 71.59 0.0003 0.001 -0.20 3.632 4.0160 93.71 1299.07
3.760 80.00 1.93 11 41.36 18.52 2.23 71.46 0.0003 0.001 -0.11 3.655 3.9511 95.38 1394.46
3.688 80.00 1.97 11 40.57 18.38 2.21 71.32 0.0003 0.001 -0.01 3.680 3.8866 97.28 1491.73
3.616 80.00 2.01 11 39.78 18.23 2.18 71.18 0.0004 0.001 0.09 3.708 3.8226 99.43 1591.16
3.544 80.00 2.05 11 38.99 18.09 2.16 71.03 0.0004 0.001 0.19 3.738 3.7590 101.91 1693.07
3.472 80.00 2.09 11 38.20 17.94 2.13 70.89 0.0004 0.001 0.30 3.770 3.6960 104.77 1797.84

PL1-11
3.400 80.00 2.14 11 37.40 17.80 2.10 70.73 0.0004 0.001 0.41 3.806 3.6336 108.13 1905.97
3.328 80.00 2.19 11 36.61 17.66 2.07 70.58 0.0005 0.001 0.52 3.847 3.5718 112.10 2018.07
3.256 80.00 2.23 11 35.82 17.51 2.05 70.42 0.0005 0.001 0.63 3.891 3.5107 116.87 2134.94
3.184 80.00 2.28 11 35.03 17.37 2.02 70.25 0.0005 0.001 0.76 3.942 3.4503 122.69 2257.63
3.112 80.00 2.34 11 34.24 17.22 1.99 70.08 0.0006 0.001 0.89 4.000 3.3907 129.95 2387.58
3.040 80.00 2.39 11 33.44 17.08 1.96 69.91 0.0006 0.001 1.03 4.067 3.3321 139.22 2526.80
2.968 80.00 2.45 11 32.65 16.94 1.93 69.73 0.0006 0.001 1.18 4.147 3.2744 151.47 2678.27
2.945 80.00 2.47 11 32.40 16.89 1.92 69.67 0.0007 0.001 1.23 4.176 3.2560 -308.96 2730.70

Bảng PL1- 5: Water level calculation result at start point of discharge channel

Water level before Threshold B Q

m Ho hn hn/Ho ϕn ε
drainage channel level (m) (m3/s)

4.85 0.331 0,32 4,519 4.029 0,892 0,761 1 8 82

4,65 1,231 0,32 3,419 2,945 0,8613 0,8322 1 11 82

Bảng PL1- 6:

PL1-12
VI. Conclusion

Bottom
Bottom
elevation Water
Channel elevation Water
at level at
width at Slope level at
channel’s start
(m) channel’s end point
start point
end point
point

8 0.331 -2.4 0,001 4.359 3.412

11 1.23 -1.5 0,001 4.176 3.412

Difference 3 -0,899 -0,9 0 0,183 0

With the width of B=8m and depth corresponding with the aforementioned calculation
results, the channel is met with drainage requirements under designed seawater level.
Calculations result comparison is made between the width of B=8m and B=11m, the
depth of channel bottom under B=8m is 0.9m deeper than that under B=11m.

VII. Recommendation
The channel width is B =8m. To ensure the discharge capability of the channel and layout
arrangement optimizaiton for the section along the mountain (to eliminate the mountain
levelling possibility).

PL1-14