Universe and Solar System

Objectives
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Describe the structure and composition of Universe
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State the diferent hypothesis that preceded the Big Bang Theory of
the Origin of the Universe
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Explain the Red-Shif and how it used as a proof of an expanding
universe; and
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Explain the Big Bang Theory and evidences supporting the theory
Did you know?
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Universe is at least 13.8 billion of year old
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The Solar system and Earth is at least 4.5-4.6 billion years old
Question:
●
But how large exactly is billion?

●
How long it will(in years) take you to spend 1 billion if you will spend
1 peso per second?
Answer ~32 years
then how long is 13.8 billion?
 The Solar System

Image source:
 Where is the Solar system in this Image?

Image source: https://forskning.no/romforskning/2008/06/melkeveien-amputert

 It is somewhere here

Image source: https://www.universetoday.com/22285/facts-about-the-milky-way/

What is the universe composed of?
●
Baryonic Matter (4.6%)
– “Ordinary” matter
●
Dark Matter (24%)
– Matter that has gravity but does not emit light
●
Dark Energy (71.4%)
– A source of anti-gravity
Origin of Universe
●
Non-scientific thoughts
– Ancient Egyptians believed in many gods and myths which narrate that the
world arose from an infnite sea at the frst rising of the sun
– The Kuba people of Central Africa tell the story of a creator god Mbombo (or
Bumba) who, alone in a dark and water-covered Earth, felt an intense
stomach pain and then vomited the stars, sun, and moon.
– In India, there is the narrative that gods sacrifced Purusha, the primal man
whose head, feet, eyes, and mind became the sky, earth, sun, and moon
respectively.
– The monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam claim that a
supreme being created the universe, including man and other living
organisms.
 Origin of Universe
●
Scientific thoughts
– Steady State Theory

Image source: http://sc663b2lachlan.weebly.com/steady-state-theory.html

Big Bang Theory
Big Bang Theory
 Birth of a Star

Image source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/463096774154761225/

 What are the evidences of Big Bang Theory?
●
Red-shif
– It is the evidence that the Universe is expanding
– Discovered by Edwin Hubble. He observed that the positions of the
absorption lines for helium for light coming from the Sun are shifed
towards the red end as compared with those for a distant star

Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift

 What are the evidences of Big Bang Theory?
●
Abundance of Hydrogen and Helium

Image source: http://paleopix.com/blog/2013/09/11/the-abundance-of-the-diferent-elements-in-the-universe/

What are the evidences of Big Bang Theory?
●
Cosmic Background Radiation
– Remnant of recombination process.
– Its accidental discovery in 1964 by Arno Penzias and Robert Woodrow
Wilson earned them the physics Nobel Prize in 1978.
Enrichment:
What is the fate of the universe? Will the universe continue to expand
or will it eventually contract because of gravity?
Thank you