Project Presentation On

Wireless Power Transfer

Through Inductive Resonance
Coupling: Study of Coil Design
Presented By- Superviser Name-
Priyanka Tiwari (M.T.ech, PED) Prof. Ramesh Oruganti
IIT MANDI, Dr. Narsa Reddy
ROLL NO-T17104
Objective
A) To understand coil design and its complexity within the WPT system.

B) To make a coil for our project module with specified parameters.

C) After making coil just club this coil with SS compensation topology as
of now and try to build working module of WPT system.
Contents
1) Introduction to WPT
2) Basic Working
3) Coil Structure
4) Core Structure
5) Health Issues.
6) What i want to do
7) Conclusion
8) Limitations

I
Applications of WPT systems
• WPT systems are widely adopted in bio-medical implants, mobile
charging, unmanned aircraft, home appliances, electric vehicle contact-less
charging etc.
• Contact-less charging of batteries is the biggest solution which can reduce the
wires and cables from charging system and make reliable and robust charging
system and EV Plug In Charger will creates too much complexity in charging
stations in future like Shock hazards, maintenance problem, complex network
at charging stations and safety issues[1].
• According to IEC-61851 to conductive charge system must provide
galvanic isolation, for this we need to put High Frequency Transformer and
converters and both of these is the only extra requirements of contactless
charging[1].
Static Wireless Power Transfer System Scheme.

Source:- Image is taken from internet.

 Power Transfer Equations

• From Power Transfer Equations taken from [1], it is clear that the maximum power
Transferred to load and maximum efficiency both are the function of coil parameters I.e.
the function of coil design.

• So, it is very important to focus on coil design.

Some important subsystems in WPT system to
get more focus are-
1)Coil Design
2)Core Design
3)Resonance Frequency Selection
4)Compensation Network Design
5)High Frequency Converter Design and its Control.
6)Use of Resonators.
7)Foreign object detection
8)Cost

So, In this presentation first concern is to design coil according to the power
required at output and the type of application.
While designing coil, the main factors what
we have to focus are-

• 1)Width and height of coil with maximum tolerances.

• 2)Coil to Coil power transfer efficiency.

• 3)Maximum coupling coefficient (K).

• 4)Other metallic object detection.

Steps to design coil according to application
and power rating-
STEP1:-First find the area available to make coil and maximum
allowed tolerances.
STEP2:- According to step1, find the maximum size of both the
coils.
STEP3:- Q of both primary and secondary coil.
STEP4:- Amp-Turn of the coil.
STEP5:- Measurement of the parameters of coils (L,M,K,R etc).
STEP6:- Design and Shape of coils.
STEP7:- Check the SAE Guidelines, ICNIRP Guidelines 2010:EMF
and E-Field for 3kHz to 10MHz and SAR Regulation for human
health safety.
Q range for transmitter and receiver coil-

According to the coupling obtained first find the limit on secondary coil Quality factor(to get Bifurcation
free resonance) and after finding this find the primary and secondary coil Quality factor [2]. And for
stable operation Q1>Q2.
Amp-Turn of the coil
• According to the power required at load (V0 & I0)and power available
as input(Vin & Iin) the primary and secondary Amp-Turns can be
faund.
• According to these Amp-Turns and Q of the coils we can find the
Cross-section of coil, for maximum power transfer the resis of coil
should be as low as possible but this will reduce the bandwidth of the
WPT system. So, we should chose R1 and R2 optimally.
Measurements of Parameters of coils
• Calculation of self inductance of coils:- Self inductance of both the
coils can be faund by analysing short circuit condition on coil as given
in [6]-

• Calculation of Mutual inductance of coils:- Mutual inductance

between two coils can be measured by doing open circuit on sec
side and applying AC input to prim as given in [6] -
Measurements of Parameters of coils......
Other parameters of coil like coupling coefficient, leakage inductances can be
easily faund by following formulas which are given in [4]
 Coil Design and Shape
• The desihn and shape of coils are highly dependent on area available
and the maximum allowable tolerances.
• The different types of coil structures and shape has different merits
and demerits.

Source:- Image is taken from [7]

 Coil Design......
• Single Pole and Double Pole coils-

Source:- Image is taken from [7]

 Coils for large lateral and longitudenal
misalignment tolerances-
• 1) DD Coil

Source:- Image is taken from [7]

 Coils for large diagonal misalignment
tolerances
• DQ Supply Coil:-DQ coil have two set
of supply coils having 90 phase shift
with each other and supplied by two
different half-bridge inverter to
control this 90 deg phase shift.
• Misalignment control is done by 'wg',
large the 'wg' larger the misalignment
tolerances and lesser the output
voltage
• approx 20 percent increment in lateral
misalignment and 35 percent
increment in diagonal misalignment is
observed with this design

Source:- Image is taken from [7]

Asymmetrical transmission and receiver coil
for high misalignment in EVs
• This coil structure is best
suited for EVs, as in EVs we
have limitation on pick-up coil
but no limitation on prim coil.
• So here Prim coil is having
more area then sec, and this
type of coil design gaurentees
upto half of the width of prim
coil.

Source:- Image is taken from [7]

 Core Designs
• Why Core is needed?

Source:- Image is taken from [7]

Core Designs
• Similar to coil design better core design can also reduce leakage and
increase coupling. Some core structures used are-
1)E core
2)C core
3)I core
4) Circular/rectangular sheet
5) Circular/rectangular bars

Source:- Image is taken from [7]

 Magnetic sheilding
• Without shielding, following problems may occur-
i) the magnetic field may interfere with the device or other
objects. ii) may cause battery heating and
iii) it may circulate current in metallic parts

Source:- Image is taken from [7]

Health & Safety
• IEEE ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation
Protection, 2010) gives the guideline for safety of living beings due to
electromagnetic radiations. Frequency from 3 kHz and 5 MHz with
occupational E-Field and B-Field limits are 170v/m and 100 micro-Tesla
respectively. And for general public is 83v/m and 27 micro-Tesla.
• And also the continuous exposer from electromagnetic radiations can
affect the health. The SAR(specific absorption rate) limit for public
exposure from radiation devices such as cellular telephones is 1.6
watts per kilogram(1.6W/kg).
• Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) established the
committee J2954 to provide safety standards on static EV
wireless chargers, according to SAE the 85kHz is the optimum
frequency for static charging of EVs and the range is given from
81.38–90.00 kHz.
• For reduction of EM waves in surrounding magnetic shielding
(aluminum/ferrite) of loosely coupled coil is done.
Experimental Results
• We made coil in lab,system without any compensation we got 38 %
efficiency when both coils are overlapped and 9.2% efficiency at 1cm
distance and 4.55 % at 4cm distance. And the values of L1 and L2 are
25.2 and 36.2 micro H respectively by measuring from LCR meter.
• But But after applying high Frequency (85kHz) AC from function
generator, the value of self inductances of both the coils varies with
frequency and did not matches with LCR meter results.
Reason of not getting constant value of self
inductance-
• Self resonance of coil with its own paracitic capacitance, the curve of
self resonance condition is given below-
Conclusion & Our Plan
• All the methods given above are based on FEM simulations, no
specific calculations and reasons atre given in litrature.
• And by all this study we can guess the coil design but for making
actual coil we need to do hit & trial till we do not get required coil.
• Or we can simulate the different structes of coil using any FEM
tool(ANSYS- maxwell, COMSOL etc).
• Our plan is to make working module of WPT systemand then club the
coil set with SS compensation.
• After that we will do some changes.
References

[1] 'Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Applications' Siqi Li, Member, IEEE,
and Chunting Chris Mi, Fellow, IEEE.
[2] 'Analysis and Design Considerations for a Contactless Power Transfer System' S.
Chopra, P. Bauer.
[3]'A Comprehensive Review of Wireless Charging Technologies for Electric
Vehicles' Aqueel Ahmad , Mohammad Saad Alam , Senior Member, IEEE, and Rakan
Chabaan, Member, IEEE
[4]'High Efficiency Wireless Power Transfer for Electric Vehicle Applications'Yao-
Ching Hsieh, Zhong Rong Lin, Ming-cheng Chen, Yu Chen Liu and Huang Jen
Chiu.
[5]Book on 'Wireless Power Transfer-Principles and Engineering Exploration' By- Dr
Ki Young Kim.
• [6] 'Modeling and Analysis of Coupled Coils for Wireless Power
Transfer' Rahul Bhujade, Rasul Mujavar, Paramjit Singh, Bhakti Joshi
and Ramesh Oruganti .
• [7]Book on 'Wireless power transfer for electric vehicles and mobile
devices' By Mi, Chris Rim, Chun T.
Queries & Suggestions
Thank You