Electromagnetic Theory Practice Set Net-Jrf PDF

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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, M.Sc. Entrance, JEST, TIFR and GRE in Physics

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
NET/JRF–(JUNE-2011)
Q1. The electrostatic potential V(x, y) in free space in a region where the charge density ρ is
zero is given by V  x, y   4e 2 x  f  x   3 y 2 . Given that the x-component of the electric
field Ex, and V are zero at the origin, f  x  is
(a) 3x 2  4e 2 x  8 x (b) 3x 2  4e 2 x  16 x
(c) 4e 2 x  8 (d) 3x 2  4e 2 x
Ans: (d)
Solution: V  4e 2 x  f  x   3 y 2 . Since   0   2V  0  16e 2 x  f  x   6  0 .
 

Since E x  0 at origin  E  V  E x   8e 2 x  f  x  
E x 0, 0  8  f 0  0  f 0   8 .
Since V 0, 0   0  4  f 0   0  f 0   4
Solve equation 16e 2 x  f  x   6  0  f  x   6  16e 2 x  f x   6 x  8e 2 x  c1 , since
f   0   8  c1  8  c1  0 .
Again Integrate f  x   6 x  8e 2 x  f  x   3 x 2  4e 2 x  c 2
since f  0   4  c2  4  c2  0 . Thus f  x   3x 2  4e 2 x
   
Q2. For constant uniform electric and magnetic field E  E 0 and B  B0 , it is possible to

choose a gauge such that the scalar potential  and vector potential A are given by
 1      1  
(a)   0 and A  B0  r
2
  
(b)    E 0  r and A  B0  r
2

    
(c)    E0  r and A  0 (d)   0 and A   E 0 t
Ans: (a)
 
Solution: Let E  E 0  xˆ  yˆ  zˆ  and B  B0  xˆ  yˆ  zˆ  since they are constant vector.
  
Lorentz Gauge condition is   A   0 0
t
 
 
since B  r  B0  z  y  xˆ  B0  z  x  yˆ  B0  y  x  zˆ
     
(a)  0 and   A  0 (b)  0, and   A  0
t t
     
(c)  0 and   A  0 (d)  0 and   A  0
t t
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Q3. A plane electromagnetic wave is propagating in a lossless dielectric. The electric field is
given by
 

 
E  x, y, z , t   E0  xˆ  Azˆ  exp ik0 ct  x  3 z  ,

where c is the speed of light in vacuum, E0 , A and k0 are constant and x̂ and ẑ are
unit vectors along the x - and z -axes. The relative dielectric constant of the medium  r
and the constant A are
1 1
(a)  r  4 and A   (b)  r  4 and A  
3 3
(c)  r  4 and A  3 (d)  r  4 and A   3

Ans: (a)

  
Solution: E  x, y, z , t   E 0  xˆ  Azˆ  exp ik 0  ct  x  3 z . 
 

Comparing with term e i k r t   k  k 0 xˆ  3 zˆ and   k 0 c .
 k0c c
Since v     Refractive index n   r  2   r  4.
k k 02  3k 02 2
  
Since k  nˆ  0  k 0 xˆ  3 zˆ   xˆ  Azˆ   0  k 0 1  A 3  0  A    1
3
A  Kr
Q4. A static, spherically symmetric charge distribution is given by  r   e where A
r
and K are positive constants. The electrostatic potential corresponding to this charge
distribution varies with r as
(a) re Kr (b)

1  Kr
r
e (c)
1  Kr
r2
e (d)
1
r

1  e  Kr 
Ans: (b)
Solution: since  2V    /  0
A  kr 1   2 V 
 2V must be proportional to e , where  2V  2 r .
r r r  r 
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Q5. The magnetic field of the TE11 mode of a rectangular waveguide of dimensions a  b as
shown in the figure is given by H z  H 0 cos  0.3  x  cos  0.4  y  , where x and y are in
x
cm.
a
z
b
y
A. The dimensions of the waveguide are
(a) a  3.33 cm, b  2.50 cm (b) a  0.40 cm, b  0.30 cm
(c) a  0.80 cm, b  0.60 cm (d) a  1.66 cm, b  1.25 cm
Ans: (a)
Solution: Since H z  H 0 cos  0.3 x  cos  0.4 y 
m n
  0.3 where m  1 and  0.4 where n  1
a b
 a  3.33cm, b  2.50cm
B. The entire range of frequencies f for which the TE11 mode will propagate is
(a) 6.0 GHz  f  12.0 GHz (b) 7.5 GHz  f  9.0 GHz
(c) 7.5 GHz  f  12.0 GHz (d) 7.5 GHz  f
Ans: (d)
2 2
c m n c 1 1
Solution: f m , n        f1,1  2
 2  7.5 GH z .
2  a  b 2 a b
For propagation, frequency of incident wave must be greater than cutoff frequency.
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NET/JRF -(DEC-2011)
Q6. Consider three polarizer’s P1 , P2 and P3 placed along an axis as shown in the figure.
P1 P2 P3
(unpolarized) 
I0
The pass axis of P1 and P3 are at right angles to each other while the pass axis of P2
makes an angle  with that of P1 . A beam of unpolarized light of intensity I 0 is incident
on P1 as shown. The intensity of light emerging from P3 is
I0 I0 I0
(a) 0 (b) (c) sin 2 2 (d) sin 2 2
2 8 4
Ans: (c)
Solution: I  I 0 cos 2  (Malus Law)
I I I0 I
 I1  0 , I 2  0 cos 2  , I3  cos 2   cos 2 90     0 sin 2 2 .
2 2 2 8
Q7. Four equal point charges are kept fixed at the four vertices of a square. How many neutral
points (i.e. points where the electric field vanishes) will be found inside the square?
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 7
Ans: (a)
Solution: Inside the square, there is only one point where field vanishes.
A static charge distribution gives rise to an electric field of the form E   1  e  r / R 

rˆ
Q8. ,
r2
where  and R are positive constants. The charge contained within a sphere of radius R ,
centred at the origin is
e e2 R R2
(a)  0 (b)  0 (c) 4 0 (d)  0
R2 R2 e e
Ans: None of the options given are correct
   2
Solution: Qenc   0  E  da   0  1  e  2  r sin ddrˆ   0    1  e r / R sin dd
 r / R rˆ 2
r 0 0
 1
at r  R , Qenc  4 0 1   . So none of the options given are correct.
 e
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Q9. In a Young’s double slit interference experiment, the slits are at a distance 2 L from each
other and the screen is at a distance D from the slits. If a glass slab of refractive index 
and thickness d is placed in the path of one of the beams, the minimum value of d for
the central fringe to be dark is
D D
(a) (b)
  1 D 2  L2   1L
 
(c) (d)
  1 2  1
Ans: (d)
n 
Solution: For central fringe to be dark,   1d  d 
2 2  1
Q10. Consider a solenoid of radius R with n turns per unit length, in which a time dependent
current I  I 0 sin t (where  R / c  1 ) flows. The magnitude of the electric field at a
perpendicular distance r  R from the axis of symmetry of the solenoid, is
1
(a) 0 (b)  0 nI 0 R 2 cos t
2r
1 1
(c)  0 nI 0 r sin t (d)  0 nI 0 r cos t
2 2
Ans: (d)
  
Solution: E  d l  
B
 t  d a ; B 
  0 nI t zˆ . 
 dI
r
2r 2
dt r 0
 E  2r    0 n 2r d r     0 n  I 0  cos  t 
2
 1
 E     0 nI 0 r cos t
2
Q11. A constant electric current I in an infinitely long straight wire is suddenly switched on at
t  0 . The vector potential at a perpendicular distance r from the wire is given
by A 
kˆ 0 I  1
2

ln  ct  c 2 t 2  r 2
r
 . The electric field at a distance r   ct  is
0 I 1 ˆ ˆ
(a) 0 (b)
2 t 2
i  j 
c 0 I c 0 I
(c) 
1 ˆ ˆ
i j  (d)  kˆ
2 c t  r
2 2 2
2 2 c t  r
2 2 2
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Ans: (d)
 
 A A   I r 1  2c 2 t 
  .
Solution: E   
t

t
E 0
 
2 ct  c 2 t 2  r 2  r 
c 
 
2 c 2 t 2  r 2 
  c 0 I
E kˆ
2 c t  r
2 2 2
NET/JRF -(JUNE-2012)
 1   10  
Q12. The magnetic field corresponding to the vector potential A  F  r  3 r , where F is
2 r
a constant vector, is
   30   30 
(a) F (b)  F (c) F  4 r (d) F  4 r
r r
Ans: (a)

   1   
  
 r  
Solution: B    A    F  r  10   3  . Since F is a constant vector, let
2  r 
xˆ yˆ zˆ
  
F  F0  xˆ  yˆ  zˆ  , F  r  F0 F0 F0  xˆ  z  y F0  yˆ  z  x F0  zˆ  y  x F0
x y z
xˆ yˆ zˆ
  

 F r   
x

y

z
 xˆF0  F0   yˆ  F0  F0   zˆF0  F0   2 F0  xˆ  yˆ  zˆ 
z  y F0 x  z F0
 y  x F0
  r
1   
  
   F  r  F0  xˆ  yˆ  zˆ   F ,   3  0 . Thus B  F
2 r
Q13. An electromagnetic wave is incident on a water-air interface. The phase of the
perpendicular component of the electric field, E  , of the reflected wave into the water is
found to remain the same for all angles of incidence. The phase of the magnetic field H
(a) does not change (b) changes by 3 / 2
(c) changes by  / 2 (d) changes by 
Ans: (d)
Q14. The magnetic field at a distance R from a long straight wire carrying a steady current I
is proportional to
(a) IR (b) I / R 2 (c) I 2 / R 2 (d) I / R
Ans: (d)
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Q15. Which of the following questions is Lorentz invariant?
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(a) E  B (b) E  B (c) E  B (d) E B
Ans: (b)
Q16. Charges Q, Q and 2Q are placed on the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of
sides of length a , as shown in the figure. The dipole moment of this configuration of
charges, irrespective of the choice of origin, is - 2Q
ĵ C
(a)  2aQ iˆ a
a
(b)  3aQ ˆj
A B
Q a Q
(c)  3aQ j ˆ
(d) 0 iˆ
Ans: (c)
Solution: Let coordinates of A is (l, m), then
 a   3a  ˆ 
 
   
p  qi ri   Q liˆ  mˆj  Q l  a iˆ  mˆj  2Q  l  iˆ   m 
2 2
 j

    

       
p  Q liˆ  mˆj  Q l  a iˆ  mˆj  Q 2l  a iˆ  2m  3a ˆj  p   3aQˆj
mr
Q17. The vector potential A due to a magnetic moment m at a point r is given by A  .
r3
If m is directed along the positive z -axis, the x - component of the magnetic field, at the
point r , is
3myz 3mxy 3mxz 3mz 2  xy 
(a) (b)  (c) (d)
r5 r5 r5 r5
Ans: (c)
    m
 1 
 
Solution: m  mzˆ and B    A  3 2 cos rˆ  sin ˆ  3 3m  rˆ rˆ  m
r r
 1  
 xxˆ  yyˆ  zzˆ  r  3mxz
B  3 3mzˆ     mzˆ   Bx  5
r   r r  r
NET/JRF -(DEC-2012)
Q18. Three charges are located on the circumference of a circle of radius
R as shown in the figure below. The two charges Q subtend an Q Q
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0
angle 90 at the centre of the circle. The charge q is symmetrically placed with respect
to the charges Q . If the electric field at the centre of the circle is zero, what is the
magnitude of Q ?
(a) q / 2 (b) 2q (c) 2q (d) 4q

Ans: (a)
1 Q 1 q
Solution: E1  E 2  and E3 
4 0 R 2
4 0 R 2
q
Resultant of E1 and E 2 is E  E12  E 22  2E1 , Thus E3  E  Q 
2
Q19. Consider a hollow charged shell of inner radius a and outer radius b . The volume
k
charge density is  r   ( k is constant) in the region a  r  b . The magnitude of the
r2
electric field produced at distance r  a is
k b  a 
(a) for all r  a ,
 0r 2
k b  a  kb
(b) for a  r  b and for r  b
 0r 2
 0r 2
k r  a  k b  a 
(c) for a  r  b and for r  b
 0r 2
 0r 2
k r  a  k b  a 
(d) for a  r  b and for r  b
 0a 2
 0r 2
Ans: (c)
  1 1 1 k 2
Solution: For r  a :  E.da  E (4 r 2 )  Qenc    dV   2 r sin  drd d
0 0 0 r
4 k r 4 k  k ra
E (4 r 2 )  a dr  (r  a)  E   rˆ
0 0  0  r 2 
4 k b 4 k  k  ba 
For r  b : E 4 r 2  a dr  (b  a)  E   rˆ
0 0  0  r 2 
Q20. Consider the interference of two coherent electromagnetic waves whose electric field
 
vectors are given by E1  iÊ 0 cos  t and E 2  ˆjE 0 cos t    where  is the phase
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0
difference. The intensity of the resulting wave is given by E 2 , where E 2 is the
2
time average of E 2 . The total intensity is
(a) 0 (b)  0 E 02 (c)  0 E 02 sin 2  (d)  0 E 02 cos 2 
Ans: (a)
Solution: Since waves are polarized in perpendicular direction hence there will be no
interference.
Q21. Four charges (two  q and two q ) are kept fixed at the four vertices of a square of side
a as shown. At the point P which is at a distance R from the centre  R  a  , the

q q
potential is proportional to
(a) 1/ R (b) 1/ R 2 a R P
(c) 1/ R3 (d) 1/ R 4
q q
Ans: (c)
Solution: Given configuration is quadrupole.
Q22. A point charges q of mass m is kept at a distance d below a grounded infinite
conducting sheet which lies in the xy - plane. For what value of d will the charge
remains stationary?
(a) q / 4 mg 0 (b) q / mg 0
(c) There is no finite value of d (d) mg 0 / q
Ans: (a)
Solution: There is attractive force between point charge q and grounded conducting sheet that
1 q2 q
can be calculate from method of images i.e.  mg  d 
4 0 2d  2
4 mg 0
Q23. An infinite solenoid with its axis of symmetry along the z -direction carries a steady
current I .
 ẑ
The vector potential A at a distance R from the axis
(a) is constant inside and varies as R outside the solenoid
R
(b) varies as R inside and is constant outside the solenoid
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1
(c) varies as inside and as R outside the solenoid
R
1
(d) varies as R inside and as outside the solenoid
R
Ans: (d)
Q24. Consider an infinite conducting sheet in the xy -plane with a time dependent current
density Kt iˆ , where K is a constant. The vector potential at  x, y , z  is given

0 K 
by A  ct  z 2 iˆ . The magnetic field B is
4c
 0 Kt ˆ  0 Kz ˆ 0 K 0 K
(a) j (b)  j (c)  ct  z iˆ (d)  ct  z  ˆj
2 2c 2c 2c
Ans: (d)
Ax  K
Solution: B    A  yˆ =  0 ct  z  ˆj
z 2c

Q25. When a charged particle emits electromagnetic radiation, the electric field E and the
 1   1 1
Poynting vector S  E  B at a larger distance r from emitter vary as n and m
0 r r
respectively. Which of the following choices for n and m are correct?
(a) n  1 and m  1 (b) n  2 and m  2
(c) n  1 and m  2 (d) n  2 and m  4
Ans: (c)
NET/JRF -(JUNE-2013)
Q26. A particle of charge e and mass m is located at the midpoint of the line joining two fixed
collinear dipoles with unit charges as shown in the figure. (The particle is constrained to
move only along the line joining the dipoles). Assuming that the length of the dipoles is
much shorter than their separation, the natural frequency of oscillation of the particle is
R R
  e, m  
2d 2d
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6eR 2 6eR 6ed 2 6ed
(a) (b) (c) (d)
 0 md 5  0 md 4  0 mR 5  0 mR 4
Ans: (d) R R
Solution: Let us displace the charge particle by small
x
amount x at A . Then the resultant electric field at   e, m A  
point A is given by
2d 2d
2p  1 1  6d
E   3 
 x,
4 0  R  x  3
R  x    0 R 4
6ed k 6ed
F  eE   x . Then,    (where p  1 2d  2d )
 0 R 4
m  0 mR 4
Q27. A current I is created by a narrow beam of protons moving in vacuum with constant
 
velocity u . The direction and magnitude, respectively of the Poynting vector S outside the
beam at a radial distance r (much larger than the width of the beam) from the axis, are
   I2    I2
(a) S  u and S   (b) S ||  u  and S  
4 2  0 u r 2 4 2  0 u r 4
   I2    I2
(c) S || u and S   (d) S || u and S  
4 2  0 u r 2 4 2  0 u r 4
Ans: (c)
Solution: Let charge per unit length be  , hence I   u in z -direction.

0 I ˆ
The magnetic field at a distance r is B  .
2r
 I
The electric field at a distance r is E  rˆ  rˆ .
2 0 r 2 0 ur
EB I2
Hence Poynting vector S   zˆ
0 4 2  0 ur 2
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
Q28. If the electric and magnetic fields are unchanged when the potential A changes (in
  
suitable units) according to A  A  r̂ , where r  r t r̂ , then the scalar potential  must
simultaneously change to
(a)   r (b)   r (c)    r /  t (d)    r /  t
Ans: (c)
Solution: A  A    A  rˆ    /  r  1    r  C
V  V   / t V   r / t
Q29. Consider an axially symmetric static charge distribution of the form,
2
r 
   0  0  e  r / r0 cos 2 
r
The radial component of the dipole moment due to this charge distribution is
(a) 2 0 r04 (b)  0 r04 (c)  0 r04 (d)  0 r04 / 2
Ans: (a)
2
r 
Solution: p   r  r d      r    0  0  e  r  / r0 cos 2   r  2 sin dr dd
V  r 
  2
 dr  sin  d  cos 2  d  20 r04

 r  / r0
p r 0 0
2
r e
r  0 0 0
Q30. The components of a vector potential A   A0 , A1 , A2 , A3  are given by
A  k  xyz, yzt , zxt , xyt 
where k is a constant. The three components of the electric field are

(a) k  yz, zx, xy  (b) k  x, y, z  (c) 0, 0, 0  (d) k  xt , yt , zt 
Ans: (c)
Solution: A   , Ax , Ay , Az     kxyz, Ax  kyzt , Ay  kzxt , Az  kxyt

A
Since   k  yzxˆ  xzyˆ  xyzˆ  and  k  yzxˆ  xzyˆ  xyzˆ 
t

 A
E     k  yzxˆ  xzyˆ  xyzˆ   k  yzxˆ  xzyˆ  xyzˆ   0  E  0,0,0 
t
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Q31. An oscillating current I t   I 0 exp it  flows in the direction of the y -axis through a
thin metal sheet of area 1.0 cm 2 kept in the xy -plane. The rate of total energy radiated
per unit area from the surfaces of the metal sheet at a distance of 100 m is
(a) I 0 / 12 0 c 3  (b) I 02 2 / 12 0 c 3 
(c) I 02 3 / 12 0 c 3  (d) I 02 4 / 12 0 c 3 
Ans: (d)
NET/JRF -(DEC-2013)
Q32. A horizontal metal disc rotates about the vertical axis in a uniform magnetic field
pointing up as shown in the figure. A circuit is made by connecting one end A of a
resistor to the centre of the disc and the other end B to its edge through a sliding contact.
The current that flows through the resistor is
B
A B
(a) zero (b) DC from A to B

(c) DC from B to A (d) AC
Ans: (b)
Q33. The force between two long and parallel wires carrying currents I 1 and I 2 and separated
by a distance D is proportional to
(b) I 1  I 2  / D (c) I 1 I 2 / D 
2
(a) I 1 I 2 / D (d) I 1 I 2 / D 2
Ans: (a)
Q34. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is given by

E  E 0 cos 0.3x  0.4 y  1000t kˆ .

The associated magnetic field B is
(a) 10 3 E 0 cos 0.3 x  0.4 y  1000t kˆ

(b) 10 4 E 0 cos 0.3 x  0.4 y  1000t  4iˆ  3 ˆj 
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
(c) E 0 cos 0.3 x  0.4 y  1000t  0.3iˆ  0.4 ˆj 
(d) 10 2 E 0 cos 0.3 x  0.4 y  1000t 3iˆ  4 ˆj 
Ans: (b)

Solution: k    0.3xˆ  0.4 yˆ  ,   1000 
kE 1
B   0.3 xˆ  0.4 yˆ   E 0 cos 0.3x  0.4 y  1000t kˆ
 
 B  10 4 E 0 cos 0.3x  0.4 y  1000t  4iˆ  3 ˆj  
Q35. A point charge q is placed symmetrically at a distance d from two perpendicularly
placed grounded conducting infinite plates as shown in the figure. The net force on the
charge (in units of 1 / 4 0 ) is
q
(a)
q2
8d 2
 
2 2  1 away from the corner
d
d
(b)
q2
8d 2
 
2 2  1 towards the corner
q2
(c) towards the corner
2 2d 2
3q 2 F3
(d) away from the corner d d
8d 2 q q
Ans: (b) F1
q2 q2 F2 d
Solution: F 1  F 2  k and F 3  k
4d 2 8d 2
d
q2
Resultant of F 1 , F 2 is F12  F  F  2 2k 2 .
1
2
2
2
q q
8d
2d
 
2
q
Net force F  k 2 2 2  1 (towards the corner)
8d
Q36. If the electrostatic potential V r ,  ,   in a charge free region has the form
V  r ,  ,    f  r  cos  , then the functional form of f r  (in the following a and b are
constants) is:
b b b r
(a) ar 2  (b) ar  (c) ar  (d) a ln 
r r2 r b
Ans: (b)
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1   V  1   V  1   2V 
Solution:  2V  2  r 2    sin     0
r r  r  r 2 sin      r 2 sin 2    2 
1   2 f  1 
 r cos    2 sin  f    sin     0
r r  r  r sin  
2
cos   2 2 f f  f
  r 2  2r   2  2sin  cos    0
r2  r r  r sin 
2 f f
 r2  2r  2 f  r   0
r
2
r
b
f r   ar  satisfy the above equation.
r2
Q37. Let four point charges q,  q / 2, q and  q / 2 be placed at the  q / 2 q
vertices of a square of side a . Let another point charge  q be

placed at the centre of the square (see the figure). q
Let V r  be the electrostatic potential at a point P at a distance

q q/2
r  a from the centre of the square. Then V 2r  / V r  is
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
2 4 8
Ans: (d)
q q
Solution: According to multipole expansion Qmono   q qq 0
2 2
 q q  q q q   q q  qq q 
p  q  xˆ  yˆ     xˆ  yˆ   0  q   xˆ  yˆ    xˆ  yˆ   0
2 2  2 2 2   2 2  22 2 
1 V 2r  1
Thus, V    .
r 3
V r  8
Q38.    
Let V , A and V , A denote two sets of scalar and vector potentials, and  is a scalar
function. Which of the following transformations leave the electric and magnetic fields
(and hence Maxwell’s equations) unchanged?
 
(a) A  A   and V   V  (b) A  A   and V   V  2
t t
 
(c) A  A   and V   V  (d) A  A   and V   V 
t t
Ans: (a)
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
Q39. A time-dependent current I t   Ktzˆ (where K is a constant) is switched on at t  0 in
an infinite current-carrying wire. The magnetic vector potential at a perpendicular
distance a from the wire is given (for time t  a / c ) by
2 2 2
 K c t a ct  a 2  z 2 0 K ct
t
4 c  c t  a  dz a
(a) zˆ 0 dz (b) zˆ
2 2 2 a 2  z 2 1 / 2 4  ct
2
 z2  1/ 2
c 2t 2  a 2
 0 K ct ct  a 2  z 2  K t
4 c ct 
(c) zˆ dz (d) zˆ 0 dz
a 2  z 2 1 / 2 4  c 2t 2  a 2 a 2
 z2 
1/ 2
Ans: (a)
I
  
I  tr   
K t  R / c 
Solution: A  zˆ 0
4  R
dz  zˆ 0
4  R
dz dz
 
z R

2 2 2
 K c t a ct  a 2  z 2 P
4 c  c2t 2 a2
 A  zˆ 0 dz a
 
1/2
a2  z2
Q40. A current i p flows through the primary coil of a transformer. The graph of i p t  as a
function of time t is shown in the figure below.

i p t 
1 2 3 t
Which of the following graphs represents the current i S in the secondary coil?
is  t  is  t 
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(a) (b)
is  t  is  t 
(c) (d)
1 2 3t
1 2 3t
Ans: (c)
di p
Solution: is  
dt
Q41. If the electrostatic potential in spherical polar coordinates is
 r    0 e  r / r0
where  0 and r0 are constants, then the charge density at a distance r  r0 will be
 e   2e 0 0
(a) 0 20 (b) 0 2 0 (c)  0 20 (d) 
er0 2r0 er0 r02
Ans: (a)

Solution:   2       0   2 
0
1   2   1   2 0  r / r0  1 0  2  r / r0
 2   r   
r r  r  r r 
2 2
r  
r0
e  2
r r0 r
r e  

1 0  2 1  r / r0    1 2 
  2   2 r   e  2re  r / r0    0   e  r / r0  e  r / r0 
r r0  r0  r0  r0 r 
0  1
2 1  0  0  0 0
At a distance r  r0 ,  2    e  e    2     0   2   2
1
r0  r0 r0  r0 e  r0 e  r0 e

Q42. If A  yziˆ  zxˆj  xykˆ and C is the circle of unit radius in the plane defined by z  1 ,
 
with the centre on the z - axis, then the value of the integral  A  d  is
C
 
(a) (b)  (c) (d) 0
2 4
Ans: (d)
iˆ ˆj kˆ
    
Solution:   A   iˆ  x  x   ˆj  y  y   kˆ  z  z   0
x y z
yz zx xy
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    
 
Since  A  d      A  d a  0
C
S
Q43. Consider an electromagnetic wave at the interface between two homogenous dielectric
media of dielectric constants  1 and  2 . Assuming  2   1 and no charges on the surface,
 
the electric field vector E and the displacement vector D in the two media satisfy the
following inequalities
       
(a) E 2  E1 and D2  D1 (b) E 2  E1 and D2  D1
       
(c) E 2  E1 and D2  D1 (d) E 2  E1 and D2  D1
Ans. : (c)
Q44. A charge  e  is placed in vacuum at the point d ,0,0  , where d  0 . The region x  0
d 
is filled uniformly with a metal. The electric field at the point  ,0,0  is
2 
10e 10e
(a)  1, 0, 0 (b) 1, 0, 0
9 0 d 2
9 0 d 2
e e
(c) 1, 0, 0 (d)  1, 0, 0
 0 d 2  0 d 2

Ans: (b) E
d 
Solution: E
2 P
x
e d 0 d e
1 e 1 4e 1 e 1 4e
E   and E  
4 0  3d / 2  2
4 0 9d 2
4 0  d / 2  2
4 0 d 2
Thus resultant electric field at point P is
1 4e 1 4e 1 40e 1 10e  1 10e
E  E  E     E xˆ
4 0 9d 2
4 0 d 2
4 0 9d 2
9 0 d 2
9 0 d 2
Q45. A beam of light of frequency  is reflected from a dielectric-metal interface at normal
incidence. The refractive index of the dielectric medium is n and that of the metal is
n 2  n1  i  . If the beam is polarised parallel to the interface, then the phase change
experienced by the light upon reflection is
(a) tan 2 /   (b) tan 1 1 /   (c) tan 1 2 /   (d) tan 1 2  
Ans: (c)
 1     v c/n
Solution: Since E 0 R   E where   1   1  i
  0I v2 c / n 1  i  
 1  
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 i      ei /2     i /2   
 E 0 R   E 
 0I    
E e E0 I where tan   .
2 i   4  2 
 2  i 
0 I
 4  e    2
2 2
Thus phase change     / 2     tan   cot      tan 1  
 
Q46. A thin, infinitely long solenoid placed along the z - axis contains a magnetic flux  .
Which of the following vector potentials corresponds to the magnetic field at an arbitrary
point x, y, z  ?
   
(a) Ax , Ay , Az    
y x
, ,0 
 2 x  y 2 x  y
2 2 2 2

   
(b) Ax , Ay , Az    
y x
, ,0 
 2 x  y  z 2 x  y  z
2 2 2 2 2 2

  x y  x y 
(c) Ax , Ay , Az     , ,0 
 2 x  y 2 x  y
2 2 2 2

   
(d) Ax , Ay , Az    
x y
, ,0 
 2 x  y 2 x  y
2 2 2 2

Ans: (a)
  
Solution: B    A  0
Q47. An electromagnetically-shielded room is designed so that at a frequency   10 7 rad/s
the intensity of the external radiation that penetrates the room is 1% of the incident
1
 10 6 m  is the conductivity of the shielding material, its
1
radiation. If  
2
minimum thickness should be (given that ln 10  2.3 )
(a) 4.60 mm (b) 2.30 mm (c) 0.23 mm (d) 0.46 mm
Ans. : (b)
1  I0 
Solution: I  I 0 e 2 z  z  ln
2  I 
I0  1 1
where  100,     106  4  107  107  103
I 2 2 2
1
z ln 100   2.30 mm
2  103
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Q48. A charged particle is at a distance d from an infinite conducting plane maintained at zero
potential. When released from rest, the particle reaches a speed u at a distance d / 2 from
the plane. At what distance from the plane will the particle reach the speed 2u ?
(a) d / 6 (b) d / 3 (c) d / 4 (d) d / 5
Ans: (d) x
2 2 2 2
d x 1 q d x A q
Solution: F  ma  m   2   2 where A  . P q
dt 2
4 0 4d 2
dt x 16 m 0
d
dv A dv A dx 1 d 2 d  A

dt
 2 v
x dt
 2
x dt

2 dt
v   
dt  x 
  0
v2 A A 1 1 d
   C at  x  d , v  0  C    v  2 A    .
2 x d x d q
 1 1 2A 1 1 d
Thus u  2 A    then 2u  2 A     x 
d /2 d  d x d 5
NET/JRF–(DEC-2014)
Q49. A charged particle moves in a helical path under the influence of a constant
magnetic field. The initial velocity is such that the component along the
magnetic field is twice the component in the plane normal to the magnetic l
field.
The ratio  / R of the pitch  to the radius R of the helical path is 2R
(a)  / 2 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 
Ans: (b)
Solution: v  2v
2 R 2 R l
Pitch of the helix l  vT  v  2v  4 R   4
v v R
Q50. A parallel beam of light of wavelength  is incident normally on a thin polymer film
with air on both sides. If the film has a refractive index n  1 , then second-order bright
fringes can be observed in reflection when the thickness of the film is
(a)  / 4n (b)  / 2n (c) 3 / 4n (d)  / n
Ans: (c)
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
Solution: For constructive interference: 2nd cos    2m  1
2
For normal incidence   0  and second order  m  1
 3
 2nd cos 0   2 1  1 d 
2 4n
Q51. A solid sphere of radius R has a charge density, given by
 ar 
 r    0 1  
 R
where r is the radial coordinate and  0 , a and R are positive constants. If the
magnitude of the electric field at r  R / 2 is 1.25 times that at r  R , then the value of a
is
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 1 / 2 (d) 1 / 4
Ans: (b)
r
  1  1  ar 
 E .d a   Qenc  E  4 r   1   4 r dr
2 2
Solution:
S 0 0 0
0
 R
40  2 ar 3  4 0  r 3 ar 4  0  r ar 2 
 r 
 0 0 
 E  4 r  2
 r   dr      E    
R   0  3 4R   0  3 4R 
0  R / 2 aR 2 / 4  0  R aR 2 
 Er  R / 2  1.25 Er  R      1.25   
0  3 4R   0  3 4R 
1 a  5  1 a   1 a   5 5a  5a a 5 1
            
 6 16  4  3 4   6 16   12 16  16 16 12 6
4a 5  2 a 3
     a 1
16 12 4 12
Q52. The electrostatic lines of force due to a system of four point charges
is sketched here. At large distance r , the leading asymptotic
behaviour of the electrostatic potential is proportional to
(a) r (b) r 1
(c) r 2 (d) r 3
Ans: (d)
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1
Solution: The given electrostatic line of force is due to a quadrupole. So V  3 .
r
Q53. A plane electromagnetic wave incident normally on the surface of a material is partially
reflected. Measurements on the standing wave in the region in front of the interface such
that the ratio of the electric field amplitude at the maxima and the minima is 5. The ratio
of the reflected intensity to the incident intensity is
(a) 4 / 9 (b) 2 / 3 (c) 2 / 5 (d) 1 / 5
Ans: (a)
E0 I  E0 R E 2
Solution:  5  E0 I  E0 R  5  E0 I  E0 R   6 E0 R  4 E0 I  0 R 
E0 I  E0 R E0 I 3
2
I E  4
 R   0R  
I I  E0 I  9

Q54. A non-relativistic particle of mass m and charge e , moving with a velocity v and

acceleration a , emits radiation of intensity I . What is the intensity of the radiation
 
emitted by a particle of mass m / 2 , charge 2e , velocity v / 2 and acceleration 2a ?
(a) 16 I (b) 8 I (c) 4 I (d) 2 I
Ans: (a)
q 2 a 2 sin 2  I 2 q22 a22 I 2 4e 2  4a 2
Solution:  I    2 2   16  I 2  16 I
r2 I1 q1 a1 I e2 a 2
Q55. A Plane electromagnetic wave is travelling along the positive z -direction. The maximum
electric field along the x - direction is 10 V / m . The approximate maximum values of the
power per unit area and the magnetic induction B , respectively, are
(a) 3.3  107 watts / m 2 and 10 tesla
(b) 3.3 107 watts / m 2 and 3.3  108 tesla
(c) 0.265 watts / m 2 and 10 tesla
(d) 0.265 watts / m 2 and 3.3 108 tesla

Ans. (d)
P 1 1
 c 0 E02   3 108  8.86 1012  10   0.132 W / m 2
2
Solution: E0  10V / m, I 
A 2 2
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E 10
B0  0   3.3  108 Tesla
c 3 10 8
 
Q56.    
Which of the following transformations V , A  V ', A ' of the electrostatic potential

V and the vector potential A is a gauge transformation?
   

(a) V   V  ax, A  A  at kˆ  
(b) V   V  ax, A  A  at kˆ 
   

(c) V   V  ax, A  A  at iˆ  
(d) V   V  ax, A  A  at iˆ 
Ans. (d)
 
Solution: V   V     ax    axt  c
t t
  
   atiˆ  0 . Thus, A  A  atxˆ
Q57. Suppose the yz -plane forms a chargeless boundary between two media of permittivities
left and right where left :right  1: 2 , if the uniform electric field on the left is
 
 
Eleft  c iˆ  ˆj  kˆ (where c is a constant), then the electric field on the right Eright is

(a) c 2iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  
(b) c iˆ  2 ˆj  2kˆ 
1   1 1 
(c) c  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ  (d) c  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ 
2   2 2 
Ans. (c) y
1 2
 
Solution: E1  c ˆj  kˆ  E2
1 
D1  D2 1 E1 2 E2  E21  E1
2 x
1 ˆ  1 
 E2  ci  E2  c  iˆ  ˆj  kˆ 
2 2  z
Q58. A proton moves with a speed of 300 m / s in a circular orbit in the xy -plan in a magnetic
field 1 tesla along the positive z - direction. When an electric field of 1 V / m is applied
along the positive y -direction, the center of the circular orbit
(a) remains stationary
(b) moves at 1 m / s along the negative x  direction
(c) moves at 1 m / s along the positive z  direction
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(d) moves at 1 m / s along the positive x  direction
z
Ans. (d)

Solution: change particle will deflect in  x -direction with B
E 1 y
v  1 m/ s . 
B 1 E
x
Q59. Consider a rectangular wave guide with transverse dimensions 2 m 1 m driven with an
angular frequency   109 rad / s . Which transverse electric TE  modes will propagate
in this wave guide?

(a) TE10 , TE01 and TE20 (b) TE01 , TE11 and TE20
(c) TE01 , TE10 and TE11 (d) TE01 , TE10 and TE22
Ans. (a)
m2 n2
Solution: mn  C 
a 2 b2
c 3 108  3.14
10    4.71 108 rod / sec
a 2
c 3 108  3.14
01    9.42 108 rod / sec
b 1
1 1
11  c 2
 2  10.53 108 rod / sec
a b
2c
20   9.72 108 rod / sec
a
4 4
22  c 2
 2  10.5  108 rod / sec
a b
Since   10 , 01 , 20
Q60. The electric and magnetic fields in the charge free region z  0 are given by
 
E  r , t   E0 e  k1z cos  k2 x  t  ˆj
  E
B  r , t   0 e  k1z  k1 sin  k2 x  t  iˆ  k2 cos  k2 x  t  kˆ 
  
where  , k1 and k2 are positive constants. The average energy flow in the x -direction is
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2 2
E k E k E 2k 1
(a) 0 2 e 2 k1z (b) 0 2 e 2 k1z (c) 0 1 e 2 k1z (d) c 0 E02 e 2 k1 z
20 0 20 2
Ans. (a)
 1   E02 e 2 k1 z 
Solution: S 
0

EB  
0   
k1 cos  sin   kˆ  k2 cos 2  iˆ  , where   k2 x  t

 k2 E02 e 2 k1 z E02 k2 2 k1 z
 S   e
2 0 20
Q61. A uniform magnetic field in the positive z -direction passes through a circular wire loop
of radius 1 cm and resistance 1  lying in the xy -plane. The field strength is reduced
from 10 tesla to 9 tesla in 1s . The charge transferred across any point in the wire is
approximately
(a) 3.1 104 coulomb (b) 3.4  104 coulomb
(c) 4.2 104 coulomb (d) 5.2 104 coulomb
Ans. (a)
d dq  1 d A  r 2
Solution:    I     dq   dB  dB
dt dt R R dt R R
 
2
3.14  102
 dq   1  3.14  104 coulomb
1
Q62. A rod of length L carries a total charge Q distributed uniformly. If this is observed in a
frame moving with a speed v along the rod, the charge per unit length (as measured by
the moving observer) is
Q  v2  Q v2 Q Q
(a) 1  2  (b) 1 2 (c) (d)
L c  L c v2  v2 
L 1 L 1  2 
c2  c 
Ans. (c)
0 Q
Solution:   
2
v v2
1 L 1
c2 c2
NET/JRF–(DEC-2015)
Q63. A hollow metallic sphere of radius a , which is kept at a potential V0 has a charge Q at its
centre. The potential at a point outside the sphere, at a distance r from the centre, is
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Q Va Q V a2 Va
(a) V0 (b)  0 (c)  02 (d) 0
4 0 r r 4 0 r r r
Ans.: (d)
Q
Solution: Let charge on conductor is Q , then V0 
4 0 a
Q Va
Now V  V  0
4 0 r r
Q64. Consider a charge Q at the origin of 3 - dimensional coordinate system. The
flux of the electric field through the curved surface of a cone that has a height
h
h and a circular base of radius R (as shown in the figure) is
R Q
Q Q hQ QR
(a) (b) (c) (d)
0 2 0 R 0 2h 0
Ans.: (b)
Q65. Given a uniform magnetic field B  B0 kˆ (where B0 is a constant), a possible choice for
the magnetic vector potential A is
(a) B0 yiˆ (b)  B0 yiˆ 

(c) B0 xjˆ  yiˆ  
(d) B0 xiˆ  yjˆ 
Ans.: (b)
 
Solution: (a)   A   B0 kˆ
 
(b)   A  B0 kˆ
 
(c)   A  0
 
(d)   A  0
Q66. A beam of unpolarized light in a medium with dielectric constant 1 is reflected from a
plane interface formed with another medium of dielectric constant 2  3 1 . The two
media have identical magnetic permeability. If the angle of incidence is 600 , then the
reflected light
(a) is plane polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence
(b) is plane polarized parallel to the plane of incidence
(c) is circularly polarized
(d) has the same polarization as the incident light
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Ans.: (a)
n  I
Solution:  B  tan 1  2 
1
 n1 
2
 2 
 B  tan 1 
  
  tan
1
3  
 1
  B  600 (hence reflected light is plane polarized perpendicular to plane of incidence))
Q67. A small magnetic needle is kept at  0, 0  with its moment along the x -axis. Another
small magnetic needle is at the point 1,1 and is free to rotate in the xy - plane. In
equilibrium the angle  between their magnetic moments is such that

1
(a) tan   (b) tan   0 (c) tan   3 (d) tan   1
3
Ans.: (c)
0      mm
Solution: U   m  m2  3  m1  rˆ  m2  rˆ    U  0 1 3 2 cos   3cos 450 cos   450  
3  1
4 r 4 r  
For stable position energy is minimum i.e.
 r̂ y
 mm m2
U  3 

0 0 132
4 r   sin    
sin   450   0 r
 2  
450 x

3  sin  cos   m1
 sin       tan   3
2 2 2 
so, option (c) is correct .

Q68. A dipole of moment p , oscillating at frequency  , radiates spherical waves. The vector
potential at large distance is
   eikr 
A  r   0 i p
4 r
1  
To order   the magnetic field B at a point r  rnˆ is
r
0  2  eikr 0  2  eikr
(a)   nˆ  p  nˆ (b)   nˆ  p 
4 C r 4 C r
0 2   eikr  0  2  eikr
(c)   k  nˆ  p  p (d)  p
4 r 4 C r
Ans.: (b)
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 
Solution: Let p  pzˆ , then B must be in ˆ direction.

Check nˆ  p  rˆ  zˆ  ˆ . So, correct option is (b).
Q69. The frequency dependent dielectric constant of a material is given by
A
    1  2
0   2  i
where A is a positive constant, 0 is the resonant frequency and  is the damping
coefficient. For an electromagnetic wave of angular frequency   0 , which of the

following is true? (Assume that  1 ).
0
(a) There is negligible absorption of the wave
(b) The wave propagation is highly dispersive
(c) There is strong absorption of the electromagnetic wave
(d) The group velocity and the phase velocity will have opposite sign
Ans.: (a)
Solution: When   0 , there is negligible absorption of the wave.
Q70. Four equal charges of Q , each are kept at the vertices of a square of side R . A particle
of mass m and charge Q is placed in the plane of the square at a short distance
a   R  from the centre. If the motion of the particle is confined to the plane, it will
undergo small oscillations with an angular frequency
Q2 Q2
(a) (b)
2 0 R 3 m  0 R 3m
2Q 2 Q2
(c) (d)
 0 R 3 m 4 0 R 3m
Ans: (c)
kQ Q Q
Solution: E1  E2   
 R  R2 
2
E2 E1 y
 a    
 2 4 
a x
Resultant field E12, y  2 E1 cos 
R /2
Q R /2 Q
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2kQ  R 2kQ  R
E12, y  3 
a  3 
a 
 2 2
 R  R2  2
2
 R2  2 
 a      
 2 4   2 
4 2kQ  R
E12, y  3 a  
R  2
Q R /2 Q
kQ R
Similarly; E3  E4   2 a
 R  R 
2 2
  a     
 2  4  E3 a E4
2kQ R 
Resultant E34, y  2 E3 cos    a
3
 R 2 
 R 
2 2 2
  a    Q Q
 2  4 
4 2kQ  R 
 E34, y  3   a
R 2 
4 2kQ  R  R  8 2kQ
Resultant E  3    a     a    a
R  2  2  R3
8 2 1 2 2Q
E  Qa  E   a
R 3
4 0  0 R 3
2 2Q 2 2 2Q 2
 F  QE   a
 0 R 3  0 mR 3
Q71. Two parallel plate capacitors, separated by distances x and 1.1x respectively, have a
dielectric material of dielectric constant 3.0 inserted between the plates and are
connected to a battery of voltage V . The difference in charge on the second capacitor
compared to the first is
(a) 66% (b) 20% (c) 3.3% (d) 10%
Ans: (d)
3 0 A 3 A
Solution: Q1  C1V1  V , Q2  C2V2  0 V
x 1.1x
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 1  3 A
  1  0 V
Q2  Q1 1.1  x
 100%    100  9%
Q1 3 0 A
V
x
Q72. The half space region x  0 and x  0 are filled with dielectric
x0 x0
media of dielectric constants 1 and  2 respectively. There is a 2 1 
uniform electric field in each part. In the right half, the electric field 1 E1
makes an angle 1 to the interface. The corresponding angle  2 in

the left half satisfies 2
(a) 1 sin  2   2 sin 1 (b) 1 tan  2   2 tan 1 
E2
(c) 1 tan 1   2 tan  2 (d) 1 sin 1   2 sin  2
Ans: (c)
E1
tan 1 E E 
Solution:  1  1
tan  2 E2 E2
 E 
1  E2 

E2
E1  2 tan 1  2
D1  D2  1 E1   2 E2      1 tan 1   2 tan  2
E2 1

tan  2 1
Q73. The x - and z -components of a static magnetic field in a region are Bx  B0 x 2  y 2  

and Bz  0 , respectively. Which of the following solutions for its y -component is
consistent with the Maxwell equations?
(a) By  B0 xy (b) By  2 B0 xy
1 

(c) By   B0 x 2  y 2  (d) By  B0  x3  xy 2 
3 
Ans: (b)
 
Solution: Bx  B0 x 2  y 2 , Bz  0
  B By Bz By B

  B  0  x   0   x  2 B0 x  By  2 B0 xy
x y z y x
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Q74. A magnetic field B is Bzˆ in the region x  0 and zero elsewhere. A rectangular loop, in
the xy -plane, of sides l (along the x -direction) and h (along the y - direction) is
inserted into the x  0 region from the x  0 region at constant velocity v  vxˆ . Which of
the following values of l and h will generate the largest EMF?
(a) l  8, h  3 (b) l  4, h  6 (c) l  6, h  4 (d) l  12, h  2
Ans: (b) z
Solution: m  Bhx h
l
 dm v
  Bvh  h
dt y
Q75. Consider a sphere S1 of radius R which carries a uniform charge

S2
R
of density  . A smaller sphere S2 of radius a  is cut out and S1 P
2 
b 
removed from it. The centres of the two spheres are separated by r
 nRˆ
the vector b  , as shown in the figure. The electric field at a
2
point P inside S2 is
R R  R a 
(a) nˆ (b)  r  na
ˆ  (c) nˆ (d) r
3 0 3 0 a 6 0 3 0 R
Ans: (c)
  
Solution: Electric field at P due to S1 is E1  r
3 0 S2
   S1 
Electric field at P due to S2 (assume   ) is E2  r r
3 0 
   b  P
        
Thus E  E1  E2   r  r  ;  b  r  r  r  r  b r
3 0
   R   R 
E b nˆ  b  nˆ 
3 0 6 0  2 
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Q76. The value of the electric and magnetic fields in a particular reference frame (in Gaussian
units) are E  3xˆ  4 yˆ and B  3 zˆ respectively. An inertial observer moving with respect
to this frame measures the magnitude of the electric field to be E   4 . The magnitude of
the magnetic field B measured by him is
(a) 5 (b) 9 (c) 0 (d) 1

Ans: (c)
Solution:  E 2  B 2  E 2  B2  constant   9  16   9  16  B2  B  0
Q77. A loop of radius a , carrying a current I , is placed in a uniform magnetic field B . If the
 
normal to the loop is denoted by n̂ , the force F and the torque T on the loop are
     
(a) F  0 and T   a 2 I n̂ B (b) F  0 I  B
4
        1 
(c) F  0 I  B and T  I nˆ  B (d) F  0 and T  IB
4  0 0
Ans: (a)

Solution: In uniform field F  0
   
Torque T  m  B   a 2 Inˆ  B
Q78. A waveguide has a square cross-section of side 2a . For the TM modes of wave vector k ,
the transverse electromagnetic modes are obtained in terms of a function   x, y  which
obeys the equation

 2 2   2 2

 2  2   2  k    x, y   0
 x y  c 
with the boundary condition    a, y     x,  a   0 . The frequency  of the lowest
mode is given by
 4 2   2 
(a)  2  c 2  k 2  2  (b)  2  c 2  k 2  2 
 a   a 
 2   2 
(c)  2  c 2  k 2  2  (d)  2  c 2  k 2  2 
 2a   4a 
Ans: (c)
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Solution: c k    mn    c k  mn
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 m2 n2   1 1 
  2
 c   2  2   112  c 2 2 
2 2
 
  2a   2a  
mn 2 2
a b 
1 c 2 2 2 2 2 
  c   2 
2
11
2 2
   c k  2 
2
2a 2a 2  2a 
NET/JRF -(DEC-2016)
Q79. A screen has two slits, each of width w with their centres at a distance 2w apart. It is
illuminated by a monochromatic plane wave travelling along the x -axis.
The intensity of the interference pattern, measured on a distant screen, at an angle
n
 to the x -axis is
w
w
(a) zero for n  1, 2,3... 
w x
(b) maximum for n  1, 2,3...
1 3 5 w
(c) maximum for n  , , ...
2 2 2
(d) zero for n  0 only
Ans. : (a)
Solution: maximum for n  0 and zero for n  1, 2,3... .
Q80. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is

E  z , t   E0 cos  kz  t  iˆ  2 E0 sin  kz  t  ˆj
where  and k are positive constants. This represents

(a) a linearly polarised wave travelling in the positive z -direction
(b) a circularly polarised wave travelling in the negative z -direction
(c) an elliptically polarised wave travelling in the negative z -direction
(d) an unpolarised wave travelling in the positive z -direction
Ans. : (c)
Solution: Amplitude along iˆ is E0 and along ĵ is 2E0 . So resultant wave is elliptically
polarised
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Q81. A conducting circular disc of radius r and resistivity  rotates with an angular velocity
 in a magnetic field B perpendicular to it. A voltmeter is connected as shown in the
figure below. Assuming its internal resistance to be infinite, the reading on the voltmeter
(a) depends on  , B, r and 
B
(b) depends on  , B and r but not on 
(c) is zero because the flux through the loop is not
changing
r V
(d) is zero because a current the flows in the direction
of B
Ans. : (b)
Solution: Force experienced by charge is
  
 
F  q v  B and v  r
Q82. The charge per unit length of a circular wire of radius a in the xy -plane, with its centre at
the origin, is   0 cos  , where 0 is a constant and the angle  is measured from the
positive x -axis. The electric field at the centre of the circle is

 0  0
(a) E   iˆ (b) E  iˆ
4 0  4 0 
 0  0
(c) E   ˆj (d) E  kˆ
4 0  4 0 
Ans. : (a)
y
Solution: At centre O , direction of field is  x̂ . 0
So best option is (a)  0
o x
0
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Q83. A pair of parallel glass plates separated by a distance d is illuminated by white light as
shown in the figure below. Also shown in the graph of the intensity of the reflected light
I as a function of the wavelength  recorded by a spectrometer.
1
spectrometer
0.8
incident
Intensity
partially 0.6
reflecting mirror white light 0.4
0.2
0
d air gap 490 500 510 520 530
glass plates    m
Assuming that the interference takes place only between light reflected by the bottom
surface of the top plate and the top surface of bottom plate, the distance d is closest to
(a) 12  m (b) 24  m (c) 60  m (d) 120  m
Ans. : (d)
 1
Solution: For constructive interference of reflected light, 2d cos   n    .
 2
 495 m
First maxima occurs at   495 m ,   00 and n  0 . Thus, d    120 m
4 4
Q84. Suppose that free charges are present in a material of dielectric constant  10 and
resistivity   1011   m . Using Ohm’s law and the equation of continuity for charge, the
1
time required for the charge density inside the material to decay by is closest to
e
(a) 106 S (b) 106 S (c) 1012 S (d) 10 S
Ans. : (d)
t
 8.8 1012  10
0r 1
Solution:  f  t    f  0  e ;   

,  10sec ,  
  10 11

Q85. A particle with charge q moves with a uniform angular velocity  in a circular orbit of
radius a in the xy - plane, around a fixed charge  q , which is at the centre of the orbit at
 0, 0, 0  . Let the intensity of radiation at the point  0, 0, R  be I1 and at  2 R, 0, 0  be ‘ I 2
I2
The ratio for R  a , is
I1
1 1
(a) 4 (b) (c) (d) 8
4 8
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Ans. : (c)
I 2 r13 R3 1
Solution:  3 
I1 r2  2 R  3
8
Q86. A parallel plate capacitor is formed by two circular conducting plates of radius a
separated by a distance d , where d  a . It is being slowly charged by a current that is
nearly constant. At an instant when the current is I , the magnetic induction between the
a
plates at a distance from the centre of the plate, is
2
0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I
(a) (b) (c) (d)
a 2 a a 4 a
Ans. : (d)
  Ir P
Solution: B  0 2 I a
2 a r
 I a
B  0 at r 
4 a 2
Q87. Two uniformly charged insulating solid spheres A and B , both of radius a , carry total
charges Q and Q , respectively. The spheres are placed touching each other as shown
in the figure.    
 A   B 
If the potential at the centre of the sphere A is VA and that at the
   
centre of B is VB then the difference VA  VB is
Q Q Q Q
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 0 a 2 0 a 2 0 a 4 0 a
Ans. : (c)
3Q Q Q
Solution: VA   
8 0 a 4 0  2a  4 0 a
3Q Q Q
VB   
8 0 a 4 0  2a  4 0 a
Q
VA  VB 
2 0 a
NET/JRF -(JUNE -2017)
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Q88. Two long hollow co-axial conducting cylinders of radii R1 and R2  R1  R2  are placed
in vacuum as shown in the figure below.
2R1 2R2
The inner cylinder carries a charge   per unit length and the outer cylinder carries a
charge  per unit length. The electrostatic energy per unit length of this system is
2 2
(a)
 0
ln  R2 / R1  (b)
4 0
 R22 / R12 
2 2
(c) ln  R2 / R1  (d) ln  R2 / R1 
4 0 2 0
Ans. : (c)
  
Solution: r  R1 , E1  0 ; R1  r  R2 , E2  rˆ
2 0 r

r  Rz , E3  0
0  Rz 2
W  E 2 dz  0
2 all spce 2 R1 4 2 02 r 2
 2 rldr
W 0 2 R2 1 2 R 
l
 
2 2 02 R1 r
dr  ln  2 
4 0  R1 
Q89. A set of N concentric circular loops of wire, each carrying a steady current I in the
same direction, is arranged in a plane. The radius of the first loop is r1  a and the radius
of the n th loop is given by rn  nrn 1 . The magnitude B of the magnetic field at the centre
of the circles in the limit N   , is

(a) 0 I  e 2  1 / 4 a (b) 0 I  e  1 /  a
(c) 0 I  e 2  1 / 8a (d) 0 I  e  1 / 2a
Ans. : (d)
0 I  1 1 1 1
Solution: B      ........ 
2  r1 r2 r3 rn 
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r1  a
rn  nrn 1
r1  r0  a
r2  2r1  2a
r3  3r2  3.2a
r4  4r3  4.3.2a
0 I  1 1 1 
B 1     ....... 
2a  2 3.2 4.3.2 
0 I  1 N
B  
2a  n 1 n 
   
xn 1 1 1
ex    e    1      e 1
n 0 n n 0 n n 1 n n 1 n
 N 1 I
lim     e  1  B  0  e  1
N 
 n l n  2a
Q90. An electromagnetic wave (of wavelength 0 in free space) travels through an absorbing
I
medium with dielectric permittivity given by    R  i I where  3 . If the skin
R
0
depth is , the ratio of the amplitude of electric field E to that of the magnetic field B ,
4
in the medium (in ohms) is
(a) 120  (b) 377 (c) 30 2  (d) 30 
Ans. : (d)
1 0 I 
Solution: d   ,  3
 4 R 
1/ 2
  
2
   
  1    1
2 
    

  4 2 4
     
2 0  0
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1/ 2
 2
   
K  k 2   2     1   

     
E0   1 1
   
2  4
1/ 2
B0 K  2
  
2
 2 
   1      0
    
 
0 0  2 c / 0 c E c
     0
8 8 4 H0 4
E 4  107  3  108
   30
H0 4

Q91. The vector potential A  ke  at rrˆ (where a and k are constants) corresponding to an

electromagnetic field is changed to A   ke  at rrˆ . This will be a gauge transformation if
the corresponding change     in the scalar potential is
(a) akr 2 e  at (b) 2akr 2 e  at (c)  akr 2 e  at (d) 2akr 2 e  at

Ans. : (c)
Solution: Gauge Transformation
   
A  A   ,     
t
   
A'  A  2ke  at rrˆ    rˆ
r

   ke  at r 2   kae  at r 2
t

  '     kae  at r 2
t
Q92. An electron is decelerated at a constant rate starting from an initial velocity u (where
u  c ) to u / 2 during which it travels a distance s . The amount of energy lost to
radiation is
0 e 2u 2 0 e 2u 2 0 e 2u 0 e 2u
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 mc 2 s 6 mc 2 s 8 mcs 16 mcs
Ans. : (d)
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qa 2 2
Solution: Total power radiated P  0
6 c
0e 2 a 2  e2 a 2 u
Total energy radiated in time t is E  P  t  t  0 
6 c 6 c 2a
 u u 
 v  u  at  2  u  at  t  2a 
0 e2 au
E
12 c
E 2E
Fraction of initial K .E. lost due to radiation  
1 mu 2
mu 2
2
2 0e 2 au 0 e2 a
  
mu 2 12 c 6 mcu
 1 2 u 1 u2 u 2 u 2 3u 2 3u 2 
 s  ut  at  u   a      a 
 2 2a 2 4 a 2 2 a 8a 8a 8s 
0 e2 3u 2  e 2u
   0
6 mcu 8s 16 mcs
Q93. The figure below describes the arrangement of slits and screens in a Young’s double slit
experiment. The width of the slit in S1 is a and the slits in S2 are of negligible width.
S1 S2
screen
 b
d
If the wavelength of the light is  , the value of d for which the screen would be dark is
2 2 2
a b a ab ab
(a) b    1 (b)   1 (c)   (d)
 2  2  
Ans. : (d)

Solution: If the path difference Op2  Op1 
2
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The minima of the interference pattern produced by O will fall on the maxima produced
1/ 2
 2  b a 2  1 b a
2
by O Now OP2   d      d    P1

  2 2   2d  2 2 
1/ 2
 2  b a 2  1 b a
2
a / 2 O b
OP1   d      d   
  2 2   2d  2 2  a/2 O
ab
 OP2  OP1   d  b, a  P2
2d
 ab ab
Thus  d  d
2 2d 
Q94. A constant current I is flowing in a piece of wire that is bent into a loop as shown in the
figure. y
2b
2b a a
2b
2a
2a O x
b b
The magnitude of the magnetic field at the point O is
0 I a 0 I  1 1 
(a) ln   (b)   
4 5  b  4 5  a b 
0 I  1  0 I  1 
(c)   (d)  
4 5  a  4 5  b 
Ans. : (b)
 I
Solution: B  0  sin  2  sin 1  ˆ
4 d
Magnetic field due to left and right segment of 2a
d 1 2
 I  2a 
B2 a  0  
4 a  5a  I
Field due to upper segment of 2a
0 I  a a 
   
4  2a   5a 5a 
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 I 2 0 I 1
Net field B2 a  2  0   
4 a 5 4 a 5
0 I
B2 a  5  (inward)
4 a
0 I
similarly, B2b  5  (outward)
4 b
0 I 1 1
Net field B  B2 a  B2b  5  
4 a b
Q95. The charge distribution inside a material of conductivity  and permittivity  at initial
time t  0 is   r , 0   0 , a constant. At subsequent times   r , t  is given by
 t  1    t 
(a) 0 exp    (b) 0 1  exp   
  2    
0 t
(c) (d) 0 cosh
   t  
1  exp    
  
Ans. : (a)
       
Solution: J f   E , .E  f , .J f   f
 E
    
 .E   f  f    f
t t 
     
  f  t   0 exp   f    f  t   0 exp  t
     
NET/JRF (DEC - 2017)

Q96. Two point charges 3Q and Q are placed at  0, 0, d  and  0, 0, 2d  respectively,
above an infinite grounded conducting sheet kept in the xy - plane. At a point  0, 0, z  ,
where z  d , the electrostatic potential of this charge configuration would

approximately be
1 d2 1 2d 1 3d 1 d2
(a) Q (b) Q (c) Q (d)  Q
4 0 z 3 4 0 z 2 4 0 z 2 4 0 z 3
Ans.: (b)
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Solution: Monopole moment Qmono  Q  3Q  3Q  Q  0

Dipole moment p  3Q   dzˆ    Q    2dzˆ    3Q    dzˆ   Q   2dzˆ 
 z
p  2Qdzˆ 2d Q

1 p  rˆ 1 2Qd d 3Q
Vdip  
4 0 r 2
4 0 z 2
y
d  3Q
x 2 d Q
Q97. A rectangular piece of dielectric material is inserted partially into the (air) gap between
the plates of a parallel plate capacitor. The dielectric piece will
(a) remain stationary where it is placed
(b) be pushed out from the gap between the plates
(c) be drawn inside the gap between the plates and its velocity does not change sign
(d) execute an oscillatory motion in the region between the plates
Ans.: (c)
Solution: Just like a conductor, a dielectric is attracted into an electric field. The reason is: the
bound charge tends to accumulate near the fee charge of the opposite sign.
Q98. An electromagnetic wave is travelling in free space (of permittivity  0 ) with electric field

ˆ cos q  x  ct 
E  kE 0
The average power (per unit area) crossing planes parallel to 4 x  3 y  0 will be
4 1 16
(a)  0 cE02 (b)  0 cE02 (c)  0 cE02 (d)  0 cE02
5 2 25
Ans.: (c)
x y
Solution: 4 x  3 y  0   0
3 4 y
n̂
4

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 E
B   0 cos  qx  qct  yˆ
c
 1   1  E0   E02
S
0

EB  
E  cos   xˆ  S 
0  0 c
2
 2 0 c
xˆ
 E2 E2 2
I  S .nˆ  0 cos  90     0 sin   c 0 E02
2 0 c 2 0 c 5
4 4
 tan    sin  
3 5
1
I  0.4c 0 E02  c 0 E02
2
Q99. A plane electromagnetic wave from within a dielectric medium (with   4 0 and   0 )
is incident on its boundary with air, at z  0 . The magnetic field in the medium is

 
H  ˆjH 0 cos t  kx  k 3 z , where  and k are positive constants.
The angles of reflection and refraction are, respectively,

(a) 450 and 600 (b) 300 and 900 (c) 300 and 600 (d) 600 and 900
Ans.: (b) z n  r
Solution: n  r
 y
I
k  kxˆ  k 3 zˆ
sin  I n2 1 Dielectric n1  4  2
  x
sin T n1 2 Air n2  1
T
kx 1
sin T  2sin  I  tan  I 
   I  300
kz 3
 sin T  2  sin 30  1  T  90
0 0
Q100. In an inertial frame S , the magnetic vector potential in a region of space is given by

A  az iˆ (where a is a constant) and the scalar potential is zero. The electric and
magnetic fields seen by an inertial observer moving with a velocity viˆ with respect to S ,
1
are, respectively [In the following   ]
v2
1 2
c
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(a) 0 and  ajˆ (b) vakˆ and  aiˆ
(c) v akˆ and v ajˆ (d) v akˆ and  ajˆ

Ans.: (d)
Solution: Ex  Ex , E y    E y  v Bz  and Ez    Ez  vBy 
 v   v 
Bx  Bx , By    By  2 Ez  and Bz    Bz  2 E y 
 c   c 

  A   
E   V    0, B    A  a ˆj
t
Ex  0, E y    0  v  0   0, Ez    0  va    va

(replace v by v )  E  v azˆ
 v   v 
Bx  0, By    a  2  0    a, Bz    0  2  0   0
 c   c 

 B   a ˆj
Q101. In the rest frame S1 of a point particle with electric charge q1 another point particle with
electric charge q2 moves with a speed v parallel to the x -axis at a perpendicular
distance l . The magnitude of the electromagnetic force felt by q1 due to q2 when the
1
distance between them is minimum, is [In the following   ]
v2
1 2
c
1 q1q2 1  q1q2
(a) (b)
4 0  l 2 4 0 l 2
1  q1q2  v 2  1 q1q2  v 2 
(c) 1   (d) 1  
4 0 l 2  c 2  4 0  l 2  c 2 
Ans.: (b)
1  q1q2
Solution: Charge of q2 seen by rest frame of q1   q2 ; F
4 0 l 2
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Q102. A circular current carrying loop of radius a carries a steady current. A constant electric
 
charge is kept at the centre of the loop. The electric and magnetic fields, E and B
respectively, at a distance d vertically above the centre of the loop satisfy
        
(a) E  B (b) E  0 
(c)  E  B  0  
(d)   E  B  0 
Ans.: (c)
    
 
Solution: E  B  0  . E  B  0
1 1 1 
Q103. The Hamiltonian of a two-level quantum system is H     possible initial
2 1 1
state in which the probability of the system being in that quantum state does not change
with time, is
       
 cos 4   cos 8   cos 2   cos 6 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 sin    sin    sin    sin  
       
 4  8   2  6
Ans. : (b)
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NET/JRF -(JUNE -2018)
Q104. Two point charges 2Q and Q are kept at point with Cartesian coordinates 1, 0, 0  ,
respectively, in front of an infinite grounded conducting plate at x  0 . The potential at

 x, 0, 0  for x  1 depends on x as
(a) x 3 (b) x 5 (c) x 2 (d) x 4

Ans.: (a)
Solution: 2 1
x
Q 2Q 0 2Q Q
Monopole moment 2Q  Q  2Q  Q  0
 
Dipole moment p  Q  2 xˆ   2Q  xˆ   2Q   xˆ   Q  2 xˆ   p  0
1
Thus V 
x3
Q105. The following configuration of three identical narrow slits are illuminated by
monochromatic light of wavelength  (as shown in the figure below). The intensity is
measured at an angle  (where  is the angle with the incident beam) at a large distance
2 d
from the slits. If   sin  , the intensity is proportional to

(a) 2 cos   2 cos 2
d
1
(b) 3  sin 3
2
2 
(c) 3  2 cos   2 cos 2  2 cos 3 2d
1
(d) 2  sin 2 3
2
Ans.: (c)
  i t     
Solution: E1  Ae   , E2  A ei ei t , E3  A ei1 ei t  Ae3i ei t
2 2
  d sin  , 1   3d sin    3
 
    
E  E1  E2  E3  A 1  ei  e3i  ei t
 
E   A 1  e  i  e 3i  e  it
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  i 3i  i 3i
I  E.E  A 1  e  e  1  e  e 
2
 ei  e  i e i 2  e  i 2 ei 3  e  i 3 
I  A 3  2
2
2 2 
 2 2 2 
I  A2 3  2 cos   2 cos 2  2 cos 3 
 
Q106. The electric field E and the magnetic field B corresponding to the scalar and vector
 1
potentials, V  x, y, z , t   0 and A  x, y, z , t   kˆ0 A0  ct  x  , where A0 is a constant,
2
are
  1
(a) E  0 and B  ˆj 0 A0
2
 1  1
(b) E   kˆ0 A0 c and B  ˆj 0 A0
2 2
  1
(c) E  0 and B   iˆ0 A0
2
 1  1
(d) E  kˆ0 A0 c and B   iˆ0 A0
2 2
Ans.: (b)

 A 1  1
Solution: E     0 A0  c  0   kˆ   0 A0 ckˆ
t 2  2
xˆ yˆ zˆ
      A A  1
B   A   xˆ z  yˆ z  B  0 A0 ˆj
x y z y x 2
0 0 Az
Q107. The electric field of a plane wave in a conducting medium is given by


ˆ 0 e  z / 3a cos  z  t  ,
E  z , t   iE  
 3a 
where  is the angular frequency and a  0 is a constant. The phase difference between
 
the magnetic field B and the electric field E is
   
(a) 300 and B lags behind B (b) 300 and B lags behind E
   
(c) 600 and E lags behind B (d) 600 and B lags behind E
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Ans.: (b)
 
Solution: E  z , t   iE
ˆ 0 e  z cos  kz  t   E  and B  z , t   ˆjB0 e  z cos  kz  t   E   
 
where   tan 1   .
k

ˆ 0 e  z / 3a cos  z  t     1 and k  1
 E  z , t   iE   3a
 3a  3a
 1 
   tan 1    30
0
 3
Q108. A hollow waveguide supports transverse electric TE  modes with the dispersion
1
relation k   2  mn
2
, where mn is the mode frequency. The speed of flow of
c
electromagnetic energy at the mode frequency is
(a) c (b) mn / k (c) 0 (d) 
Ans.: (c)
Solution: Energy carried by the wave travels at the group velocity
2
d  
vg   c 1   mn  at   mn , vg  0
dk   
Q109. The loop shown in the figure below carries a steady current I .
I
3a
a
O
The magnitude of the magnetic field at the point O is
0 I 0 I 0 I 0 I
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2a 6a 4a 3a
Ans. : (b)
1 0 I 1 0 I
Solution: Ba  , B3a  
2 2a 2 2  3a 
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 I  1  I
B  Ba  B3a  0 1    0
4a  3  6a
Q110. In the region far from a source, the time dependent electric field at a point  r ,  ,   is
  sin     r 
E  r ,  ,    ˆ E0 2   cos   t   
 r    c 
where  is angular frequency of the source. The total power radiated (averaged over a
cycle) is
2 E02 4 4 E02 4 4 E02 4 2 E02 4
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 0 c 3 0 c 3 0 c 3 0 c
Ans. : (b)
E
Solution: B 
c
 1 E 2 E02 4 Sm2   r 
S  E.B   cos 2   t   
0 0 c 0 c r 2
  c 
 1 E02 4 sin 2 
S 
2 0 c r 2
  E 2 4  2
sin 2  2
P   S .da  0  r sin  d d
S
2 0 c 0 0
r2
E02 4 4 4 E02 4
P   2 
2 0 c 3 3 0 c
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ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY SOLUTIONS
GATE- 2010
Q1. An insulating sphere of radius a carries a charge density

 r   0 a 2  r 2 cos  ; r  a .
The leading order term for the electric field at a distance d, far away from the charge
distribution, is proportional to
(a) d 1 (b) d 2 (c) d 3 (d) d 4
Ans: (c)
1 1 
Solution: V r     d  2   cos d   ,
r V r 
a  2
  d       a  r 2  cos   r 2 sin  drd d  0

st 2
I term, 0
0 0 0
a  2
  cos  d       a  r 2  cos 2   r 2 sin  drd d  0 .

nd 2
II term, 0
0 0 0
1 1
 V 2
 E 3
r r
Q2. Two magnetic dipoles of magnitude m each are placed in a plane as shown in figure.
m
The energy of interaction is given by
45 o 2
 m2
(a) Zero (b) 0 3
4d d
o
3 0 m 2 3 0 m 2 45
(c) (d) 
2d 3 8d 3 m 1
Ans: (d)
0 
Solution: U  m1  m2  3m 1  rˆ m 2  rˆ ,
4r 3

   
Since m1  m2  m1  m2  0  U  0 3  3  m cos 45 0  m cos 45 0
4d
 
3 0 m 2
U   .
8 d 3
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Statement for Linked Answer Questions 3 and 4:
Consider the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a linear, homogeneous and
isotropic material medium with electric permittivity ε and magnetic permeability μ.
Q3. For a plane wave of angular frequency ω and propagation vector k propagating in the
medium Maxwell’s equations reduce to
(a) k  E  0; k  H  0; k  E   H ; k  H   E
(b) k  E  0; k  H  0; k  E   H ; k  H   E
(c) k  E  0; k  H  0; k  E   H ; k  H   E
(d) k  E  0; k  H  0; k  E   H ; k  H   E
Ans: (d)
Q4. If  and  assume negative values in a certain frequency range, then the directions of
the propagation vector k and the Poynting vector S in that frequency range are related
as
(a) k and S are parallel
(b) k and S are anti-parallel
(c) k and S are perpendicular to each other
(d) k and S makes an angle that depends on the magnitude of |ε| and |μ|
Ans: (a)
Q5. Consider a conducting loop of radius a and total loop resistance R placed in a region with
a magnetic field B thereby enclosing a flux 0. The loop is connected to an electronic
circuit as shown, the capacitor being initially uncharged
 C


 

   
 Vout

 


If the loop is pulled out of the region of the magnetic field at a constant speed u, the final
output voltage Vout is independent of
(a) 0 (b) u (c) R (d) C
Ans: (a)
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GATE-2011
Q6. If a force F is derivable from a potential function V(r), where r is the distance from the
origin of the coordinate system, it follows that
(a)   F  0 (b)   F  0 (c) V  0 (d)  2 V  0

Ans: (a)
Q7. Two charges q and 2q are placed along the x -axis in front of a grounded, infinite
conducting plane, as shown in the figure. They
are located respectively at a distance of 0.5 m and
1.5 m from the plane. The force acting on the
0 .5 m q 2q
charge q is   x
1 .5 m
7q 2
1 1 2
(a) (b) 2q
4 0 2 4 0
1 1 q2
(c) q2 (d)
4 0 4 0 2
Ans: (a)
Solution: Using method of Images we can draw equivalent figure as shown below:
 2q q 0 .5 m 0 .5 m q 2q
    x
1 .5 m 1 .5 m
q  2q q 2q  q 7q 1 7q 2
F      
4 0  12 12  2 2  4 0 2 4 0 2
Q8. A uniform surface current is flowing in the positive y-direction over an infinite sheet
lying in x-y plane. The direction of the magnetic field is
(a) along iˆ for z > 0 and along  iˆ for z < 0
(b) along k̂ for z > 0 and along  k̂ for z < 0
(c) along  iˆ for z > 0 and along iˆ for z < 0
(d) along  k̂ for z > 0 and along k̂ for z < 0
Ans: (a)
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Q9. A magnetic dipole of dipole moment m is placed in a non-uniform magnetic field B . If
the position vector of the dipole is r , the torque acting on the dipole about the origin is

(a) r  m  B   
(b) r   m  B
(c) m  B  
(d) m  B  r   m  B
Ans: (c)
Q10. A spherical conductor of radius a is placed in a uniform electric field E  E 0 kˆ . The

potential at a point P(r, θ) for r > a, is given by
E0 a 3
Φ(r, θ) = constant – E 0 r cos   2 cos 
r
where r is the distance of P from the centre O of the sphere and θ is the angle OP makes
with the z-axis P
The charge density on the sphere at θ = 30o is r
(a) 3 3 0 E 0 / 2 (b) 3 0 E 0 / 2 
O k̂
(c) 3 0 E 0 / 2 (d))  0 E 0 / 2
Ans: (a)
V  2E a 3 
Solution:    0   0  E 0 cos   03 cos   .
r r a  r  r a
3 3
   0  E 0 cos   2 E 0 cos      3E 0  0 cos   3E 0  0 cos 30 0   0 E0
2
Q11. Which of the following expressions for a vector potential A DOES NOT represent a
uniform magnetic field of magnitude B0 along the z-direction?
(a) A  0, B0 x,0 (b) A   B0 y,0,0 
 B0 x B0 y   B0 y B0 x 
(c) A   , ,0  (d) A    , ,0 
 2 2   2 2 
Ans: (c)
 
Solution: B    A .
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Statement for Linked Questions 12 and 13:
A plane electromagnetic wave has the magnetic field given by
 k 
B x, y, z , t   B0 sin x  y    t  kˆ
 2 
where k is the wave number and iˆ, ˆj and kˆ are the Cartesian unit vectors in x, y and z
directions respectively.
Q12. The electric field E  x, y, z , t  corresponding to the above wave is given by

(a) cB0 sin  x  y 
k  iˆ  ˆj
  t
  
(b) cB0 sin  x  y 
k
  t

 iˆ  ˆj 
 2  2  2  2
 k   k 
(c) cB0 sin  x  y    t  iˆ (d) cB0 sin  x  y    t  ˆj
 2   2 
Ans: (a)
 c   c  k iˆ  ˆj  
 x  y k  ˆ

Solution: E   k  B   
k
   B0 sin   t  k 
k

2  2  
 
E  cB0 sin  x  y 
k  iˆ  ˆj
 t 
 
 2  2
Q13. The average Poynting vector is given by
(a)

cB02 iˆ  ˆj  (b) 

cB02 iˆ  ˆj  (c)

cB02 iˆ  ˆj  (d) 

cB02 iˆ  ˆj 
2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2
Ans: (d)
 cB02 cB02  iˆ  ˆj  cB02  iˆ  ˆj 
Solution: S  ˆ
k    
2 0 2 0  2  2 0  2 
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GATE-2012
Q14. The space-time dependence of the electric field of a linearly polarized light in free space
ˆ 0 cos t  kz  where E0, ω and k are the amplitude, the angular frequency
is given by xE
and the wavevector, respectively. The time average energy density associated with the
electric field is
1 1
(a)  0 E 02 (b)  0 E 02 (c)  0 E 02 (d) 2 0 E 02
4 2
Ans: (a)
1 1 1
Solution: u E   0 E 2   0 E 2 cos 2 wt  kz   u E   0 E 02
2 2 4
Q15. A plane electromagnetic wave traveling in free space is incident normally on a glass plate
of refractive index 3/2. If there is no absorption by the glass, its reflectivity is
(a) 4% (b) 16% (c) 20% (d) 50%
Ans: (a)
2 2
 n  n2  1 3/ 2  1 4
Solution: R   1        .04 or 4%
 n1  n2  1 3/ 2  4 25

Q16. The electric and the magnetic field E  z , t  and B z , t  , respectively corresponding to the

scalar potential   z , t   0 and vector potential A z , t   iˆtz are
   
(a) E  iˆz and B  -ĵt (b) E  iˆz and B  ĵt
   
(c) E  iˆz and B  -ĵt (d) E  iˆz and B  -ĵt
Ans: (d)  
  A A   
Solution: E      iˆz , B    A   ˆjt .
t t
Q17. A plane polarized electromagnetic wave in free space at time t=0 is given
 
by E  x, z   10 ˆj exp i  6 x  8 z   . The magnetic field B x, z , t  is given by
 1
 
(a) B x, z , t   6kˆ  8iˆ expi 6 x  8 z  10ct 
c
 1
 
(b) B x, z , t   6kˆ  8iˆ expi 6 x  8 z  10ct 
c


1 ˆ ˆ

(c) B x, z , t   6k  8i expi 6 x  8 z  ct 
c
 1
 
(d) B x, z , t   6kˆ  8iˆ expi 6 x  8 z  ct 
c
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Ans: (a)
 1  k   1  6iˆ  8kˆ 
 1
c
ˆ  
Solution: B  k  E    E   
c k


  10 ˆjexp i k .r  t
 
 c  10 
 
 1
 
B  6kˆ  8iˆ expi 6 x  8 z  10ct ,   10c.
c
Q18. Two infinitely extended homogeneous isotopic dielectric media (medium-1and medium-2
1 
with dielectric constant  2 and 2  5 , respectively)
0 0
medium - 1
meet at the z = 0 plane as shown in the figure. A uniform
electric field exists everywhere. For z ≥ 0, the electric field
 medium - 2 z=0
is given by E1  2iˆ  3 ˆj  5kˆ . The interface separating the
two media is charge free. The electric displacement vector
in the medium-2 is given by

(a) D 2   0 10iˆ  15 ˆj  10kˆ  
(b) D 2   0 10iˆ  15 ˆj  10kˆ 
(c) D 2   4iˆ  6 ˆj  10kˆ 
0 (d) D 2   4iˆ  6 ˆj  10kˆ 
0
Ans: (b)
Solution:  E1  E 2  E 2  2iˆ  3 ˆj
1  2  5 ˆ 
and  f  0  D1  D2  E 2  E1  k  2kˆ  E 2  2iˆ  3 ˆj  2kˆ
2 5
 

 D2   2 E 2   0 10iˆ  15 ˆj  10kˆ .
GATE-2013
Q19. At a surface current, which one of the magnetostatic boundary condition is NOT
CORRECT?
(a) Normal component of the magnetic field is continuous.
(b) Normal component of the magnetic vector potential is continuous.
(c) Tangential component of the magnetic vector potential is continuous.
(d) Tangential component of the magnetic vector potential is not continuous.
Ans: (d)
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Q20. Interference fringes are seen at an observation plane z  0 , by the superposition of two
 
   
 
plane waves A1 exp i k1  r  t and A2 exp i k 2  r  t , where A1 and A2 are real
amplitudes. The condition for interference maximum is
     
 
(a) k1  k 2  r  2m  1 
(b) k1  k 2  r  2m 
     
 
(c) k1  k 2  r  2m  1 
(d) k1  k 2  r  2m 
Ans: (b)
Q21. For a scalar function  satisfying the Laplace equation,  has
(a) zero curl and non-zero divergence
(b) non-zero curl and zero divergence
(c) zero curl and zero divergence
(d) non-zero curl and non-zero divergence
Ans: (c)
 
Solution:  2  0  .   0 and      0 .  
Q22. A circularly polarized monochromatic plane wave is incident on a dielectric interface at
Brewaster angle. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) The reflected light is plane polarized in the plane of incidence and the transmitted
light is circularly polarized.
(b) The reflected light is plane polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence and the
transmitted light is plane polarized in the plane of incidence.
(c) The reflected light is plane polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence and the
transmitted light is elliptically polarized.
(d) There will be no reflected light and the transmitted light is circularly polarized.
Ans: (c)
Q23. A charge distribution has the charge density given by   Q x  x 0     x  x0  . For
this charge distribution the electric field at 2 x0 ,0,0
2Qxˆ Qxˆ Qxˆ Qxˆ

(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 0 x02 4 0 x03 4 0 x 02 16 0 x02
Ans:
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1   x      x2 dx  ....
a ' a  x' a  x'
Solution: Potential V  r    dx   x dx    x3
4 0   a x x2 
 a a
First term, total charge

x0 x0
QT     x dx  Q    x   x 0 dx   Q    x   x 0 dx   Q  Q  0

 x0  x0
Second term, dipole moment

x0 x0
p   x   x dx  Q  x   x   x 0 dx   Q  x  x   x 0 dx   Qx 0  Q   x 0  2Qx 0

 x0  x0
2Qx 0 V 4Qx 0 4Qx 0 Q

V E
xˆ  xˆ  xˆ  xˆ
4 0 x x 4 0 x 4 0 2 x 0  8 0 x 20
2 3 3
Q24. A monochromatic plane wave at oblique incidence undergoes reflection at a dielectric

interface. If kî , kˆr and n̂ are the unit vectors in the directions of incident wave, reflected
wave and the normal to the surface respectively, which one of the following expressions
is correct?
 
(a) kî  kˆr  nˆ  0  
(b) kî  kˆr  nˆ  0  
(c) kî  nˆ  kˆr  0  
(d) kî  nˆ  kˆr  0
Ans: (c)
Q25. In a constant magnetic field of 0.6 Tesla along the z direction, find the value of the path

integral  A  dl in the units of (Tesla m 2 ) on a square loop of side length 1 / 2 meters.  
The normal to the loop makes an angle of 60 0 to the z-axis, as shown in the figure. The
answer should be up to two decimal places. ___________
60 o
ẑ
Ans: 0.15
 
2
  1  1
Solution:  A  dl     A .d a   B.d a  BA cos 60  0.6  
0
   0.15T .m 2
S S  2 2
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GATE-2014
Q26. Which one of the following quantities is invariant under Lorentz transformation?
(a) Charge density (b) Charge (c) Current (d) Electric field
Ans: (b)
Q27. An unpolarized light wave is incident from air on a glass surface at the Brewster angle.
The angle between the reflected and the refracted wave is
(a) 0 o (b) 45 o (c) 90 o (d) 120 o
Ans: (c)
Q28. The electric field of a uniform plane wave propagating in a dielectric non-conducting

medium is given by E  xˆ 10 cos  6 107 t  0.4 z  V / m . The phase velocity of the
wave is _________ 10 8 m / s
Ans: 1.5
 6  107
Solution: v    1.5 108 m / sec
k 0.4

Q29. If the vector potential A  xxˆ  2 yyˆ  3zzˆ , satisfies the Coulomb gauge, the value of the
constant  is _______
Ans: 1
 
Solution: Coulomb gauge condition . A  0    2  3  0    1
Q30. A ray of light inside Region 1 in the xy -plane is incident y
at the semicircular boundary that carries no free charges.
  P r0 ,  / 4 
The electric field at the point P  r0 ,  in plane polar
 4
 O
coordinates is E1  7eˆr  3eˆ where êr and ê are the unit 1 2 x
Region 1 Region 2
vectors. The emerging ray in Region 2 has the electric

field E 2 parallel to x -axis. If  1 and  2 are the dielectric
2
constants of Region-1 and Region-2 respectively, then is ________
1
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Ans: 2.32
 y
Solution:  E1  7er  3e
ˆ ˆ P r0 ,  / 4 

10  E2
 Ex   7eˆr  3eˆ  .xˆ  7 cos 45  3sin 45 
2
1 
2 E1

O
4 1 x
 E y   7eˆr  3eˆ  . yˆ  7 sin 45  3sin 45  2
2 Region 1 Region 2
 E   4
Thus E1 makes an angle   tan 1  y   tan 1    21.80
 Ex   10 
tan  2  2  tan 45
   2   2.32 . where 1    450 and  2  450
tan 1 1 1 tan 23.2
Q31. The value of the magnetic field required to maintain non-relativistic protons of energy
1MeV in a circular orbit of radius 100 mm is _______Tesla
(Given: m p  1.67  1027 kg , e  1.6  1019 C )
Ans: 1.44
1.6  1019  B 2  0.1 1.6  1013  2 1.67 1027 

2 2
q2 B2 R2 13
Solution: E   1.6  10  B 
2
2 1.67  1027  1.6 1019   0.12

2
2m p
1013  2 1.67  1027  3.34  1040

B  2
  2.08  B  2.08 Tesla  1.44Tesla
1.6 10   0.01
38
1.6 1040
Q32. In an interference pattern formed by two coherent sources, the maximum and minimum
intensities are 9I 0 and I 0 respectively. The intensities of the individual wave are
(a) 3I 0 and I 0 (b) 4 I 0 and I 0 (c) 5I 0 and 4 I 0 (d) 9 I 0 and I 0

Ans: (b)
   
2 2
Solution: I max  I1  I 2 and I min  I1  I 2
   
2 2
9I 0  I1  I 2 and I 0  I1  I 2  I1  4 I 0 and I 2  I 0
Q33. The intensity of a laser in free space is 150mW / m 2 . The corresponding amplitude of the
electric field of the laser is _________

V
m
 0  8.854  10 12 C 2 / N .m 2 
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Ans: 10.6
1 2I 2  150 103
Solution: I  c 0 E02  E0    10.6 V / m
2 c 0 3  108  8.854  1012
GATE-2015
Q34. A point charge is placed between two semi-infinite conducting plates which are inclined
at an angle of 30 o with respect to each other. The number of image charges
is___________.
Ans.: 11
360 360
Solution: n  1   1  11
 30
R  
Q35. Given that the magnetic flux through the closed loop PQRSP is  . If  A  dl   along
P
1
 
R
PQR , the value of   dl along PSR is
A
P Q
R
S
(a)   1 (b) 1   (c)  1 (d) 1
Ans.: (b)
    R   P  R   R  
Solution:    s B.d a   A.dl   A  dl   A  dl    1   A  dl   A  dl  1  
P R P P
Q36. The space between two plates of a capacitor carrying charges  Q and  Q is filled with
two different dielectric materials, as shown in the figure. Across the interface of the two
dielectric materials, which one of the following statements is correct?
 
(a) E and D are continuous
 
(b) E is continuous and D is discontinuous
 
(c) D is continuous and E is discontinuous Q Q
 
(d) E and D are discontinuous
Ans.: (d)
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Q37. Four forces are given below in Cartesian and spherical polar coordinates
   r2  
(i) F1  K exp 2 rˆ 
(ii) F2  K x 3 yˆ  y 3 zˆ 
 R 
   ˆ 
(iii) F3  K x 3 xˆ  y 3 yˆ  (iv) F4  K  
r
where K is a constant Identify the correct option
(a) (iii) and (iv) are conservative but (i) and (ii)are not
(b) (i) and (ii) are conservative but (iii) and (iv) are not
(c) (ii) and (iii) are conservative but (i) and (iv) are not
(d) (i) and (iii) are conservative but (ii) and (iv) are not
Ans.: (d)
r rˆ r sin 

  1   
Solution:   F 1  0
r sin 
2
r  
 r2 
k exp   2  0 0
 R 
x y z
    
 F2   x  3ky 2  0   zˆ  3kx 2  0   3ky 2 x  3kx 2 zˆ
x y z
0 kx 3  ky 3
x y z
    
 F3  0
x y z
kx3 ky 3 0
r r r sin 

  1    1
 F4  2  r  k cos    2
r sin  r   r sin 
k
0 0 r sin  
r
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Q38. A monochromatic plane wave (wavelength  600 nm ) E 0 expi kz   t  is incident
 

normally on a diffraction grating giving rise to a plane wave E1 exp i k1  r   t in the 
  1 3 
first order of diffraction. Here E1  E 0 and k1  k1  xˆ  zˆ  . The period (in m ) of
2 2 
the diffraction grating is ______________ (upto one decimal place)
Ans.: 1.2
grating

Solution: d sin   n  d  n 1
sin  
  1 3  k1
and k1  k1  xˆ  zˆ 
 2 2   ẑ
k  k1 zˆ
1 3 
  zˆ   xˆ  zˆ 
k  k1  2 2  1
 sin          300
k1 k 1 3 1 3 2
  
4 4 4 4
600
d  nm  1200 nm  1.2  m
sin 30
Q39. A long solenoid is embedded in a conducting medium and is insulated from the medium.
If the current through the solenoid is increased at a constant rate, the induced current in
the medium as a function of the radial distance r from the axis of the solenoid is
proportional to
1 1
(a) r 2 inside the solenoid and outside (b) r inside the solenoid and outside
r r2
1 1
(c) r 2 inside the solenoid and 2 outside (d) r inside the solenoid and outside
r r
Ans.: (d)

  B 
Solution:  E  dl     da ;
t
 dI
r
dI 2 r 2  1 dI
For r  R, E 2 r   0 n
dt r0 2 r dr     0 n
dt 2
 E   0 n r
2 dt
 dI
R
dI 2 R 2  1 dI
For r  R, E 2 r   0 n
dt 
r 0
2 r dr    0 n
dt 2
 E   0 n R 2
2r dt
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Q40. A plane wave xˆ  iyˆ E 0 expikz  t  after passing through an optical element emerges
as xˆ  iyˆ E 0 expi kz  t  , where k and  are the wavevector and the angular
frequency, respectively. The optical element is a
(a) quarter wave plate (b) half wave plate
(c) polarizer (d) Faraday rotator
Ans.: (b)
 
Solution: Incident wave: x  i y E0 ei   E0 cos  x  E0 sin  y 
 
Left circular polarization with phase angle 1     ei
 
Emergent wave: x  i y E0 ei   E0 cos  xˆ  E0 sin  y 
 
Right circular polarization with phase angle 1     ei 0

Thus there is phase change of  and hence path difference is .
2
Q41. A charge  q is distributed uniformly over a sphere, with a positive charge q at its center
in (i). Also in (ii), a charge  q is distributed uniformly over an ellipsoid with a positive
charge q at its center. With respect to the origin of the coordinate system, which one of
the following statements is correct?
X X
Z Z
Y Y
(i ) (ii )
(a) The dipole moment is zero in both (i) and (ii)
(b) The dipole moment is non-zero in (i) but zero in (ii)
(c) The dipole moment is zero in (i) but non-zero in (ii)
(d) The dipole moment is non-zero in both (i) and (ii)
Ans.: (a)
 
Solution: p   qi ri  0 in both cases.
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GATE-2016
Q42. Which of the following magnetic vector potentials gives rise to a uniform magnetic field
B0 kˆ ?
(a) B0 z kˆ (b)  B0 x ˆj (c)

B0
2

 yiˆ  xˆj  (d)
2

B0 ˆ ˆ
yi  xj 
Ans.: (c)
       
Solution: (a)   A  0 (b)   A   B0 kˆ (c)   A  B0 kˆ (d)   A  0
Q43. The magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment associated with a square shaped loop
carrying a steady current I is m . If this loop is changed to a circular shape with the same
pm
current I passing through it, the magnetic dipole moment becomes . The value of p

is ______.
Ans.: 4
Solution: Magnetic dipole moment associated with a square shaped loop (let side is a) carrying a
steady current I is m  Ia 2 .
Magnetic dipole moment associated with a circular shaped loop (let radius is r) carrying a
steady current I is m  I  r 2 .
2
2a  2a  4 Ia 2 4m
Here 4a  2 r  r   m  I  r 2  I     
    
Q44. In a Young’s double slit experiment using light, the apparatus has two slits of unequal
widths. When only slit- 1 is open, the maximum observed intensity on the screen is 4 I 0 .
When only slit- 2 is open, the maximum observed intensity is I 0 . When both the slits are
open, an interference pattern appears on the screen. The ratio of the intensity of the
principal maximum to that of the nearest minimum is ________.
Ans.: 9
     2 
2 2 2
I I1  I 2 4I0  I0 I0  I0 9I0
Solution: max   9
    2 
2 2 2
I min I1  I 2 4I0  I0 I0  I0 I0
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Q45. An infinite, conducting slab kept in a horizontal plane carries a uniform charge density  .
Another infinite slab of thickness t, made of a linear dielectric material of dielectric
constant k , is kept above the conducting slab. The bound charge density on the upper
surface of the dielectric slab is
   k  2  k  1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2k k 2k k
Ans.: (d)  1
k  1 z
Solution: 
  
Electric field due to infinite, conducting slab inside the dielectric is E  zˆ  zˆ
  0k
     k  1    k  1
Polarisation P   0  e E   0  k  1 zˆ  zˆ   1  P.zˆ 
 0k k k
Q46. The electric field component of a plane electromagnetic wave travelling in vacuum is

given by E  z , t   E 0 coskz  t iˆ . The Poynting vector for the wave is
 c   c 
(a)  0  E 02 cos 2 kz  t  ˆj (b)  0  E 02 cos 2 kz  t kˆ
 2   2 
(c) c 0 E 02 cos 2 kz  t  ˆj (d) c 0 E 02 cos 2 kz  t kˆ

Ans.: (d)
  1  E
Solution: E  z , t   E 0 coskz  t iˆ  B  zˆ  E  z , t   0 cos  kz  t  ˆj
c c
The Poynting vector for the wave is
 1   E2
S
0
 0 c

E  B  0 cos 2  kz  t  kˆ  c 0 E02 cos 2  kz  t  kˆ
Q47. The x  y plane is the boundary between free space and a magnetic material with relative
permeability  r . The magnetic field in the free space is Bx iˆ  Bz kˆ . The magnetic field in
the magnetic material is
1
(a) B x iˆ  B z kˆ (b) B x iˆ   r B z kˆ (c) B x iˆ  B z kˆ (d)  r B x iˆ  B z kˆ
r
Ans.: (d)
B1 B2
Solution: B1  Bz kˆ  B2 and H1  H 2    B2  r B1  r Bx iˆ
0 0 r
The magnetic field in the magnetic material is  r B x iˆ  B z kˆ

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GATE- 2017
Q48. Identical charges q are placed at five vertices of a regular hexagon of side a . The
magnitude of the electric field and the electrostatic potential at the centre of the hexagon
are respectively
q q
(a) 0, 0 (b) ,
4 0 a 2
4 0 a
q 5q 5q 5q
(c) , (d) ,
4 0 a 2
4 0 a 4 0 a 4 0 a
2
Ans. : (c) q
q
Solution: The resultant field at P is E  q q
4 0 a 2
a
5q P
The electrostatic potential at P is V  q q
4 0 a
Q49. A parallel plate capacitor with square plates of side 1 m separated by 1 micro meter is
filled with a medium of dielectric constant of 10 . If the charges on the two plates are 1C
and 1C , the voltage across the capacitor is………….. kV . (up to two decimal places).
(  0  8.854 1012 F / m )
Ans. : 11.29
 0 r A 11 106
qd
Solution: q  CV  V V    11.29kV
d  0 r A 8.854 1012 10 1
Q50. Light is incident from a medium of refractive index n  1.5 onto vacuum. The smallest
angle of incidence for which the light is not transmitted into vacuum is…………...
degrees. (up to two decimal places)
Ans. : 41.8
n2 1  1 
Solution: sin C    C  sin 1    C  41.8
n1 1.5  1.5 
Q51. A monochromatic plane wave in free space with electric field amplitude of 1 V / m is
normally incident on a fully reflecting mirror. The pressure exerted on the mirror
is……………… 1012 Pa . (up to two decimal places) (  0  8.854 1012 F / m )
Ans. : 8.85
2I 2 1
  c 0 E02   0 E02  8.854 1012  1  8.85 1012 Pa
2
Solution: P 
c c 2
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Q52. Three charges  2C , 1C , 1C  are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side
1m as shown in the figure. The component of the electric dipole moment about the
marked origin along the ŷ direction is……… C m .
y
2C
1m
0 1C 1C x
1.5m
Ans. : 1.73


Solution: p  11xˆ   1 2 xˆ   2 1.5 xˆ  1  0.25 yˆ 
Along the ŷ direction  2  1  0.25  1.73
Q53. An infinite solenoid carries a time varying current I  t   At 2 , with A  0 . The axis of
the solenoid is along the ẑ direction. r̂ and ˆ are the usual radial and polar directions in

cylindrical polar coordinates. B  Br rˆ  B ˆ  Bz zˆ is the magnetic field at a point outside
the solenoid. Which one of the following statements is true?
(a) Br  0, B  0, Bz  0 (b) Br  0, B  0, Bz  0
(c) Br  0, B  0, Bz  0 (d) Br  0, B  0, Bz  0
Ans. : (d)
Q54. A uniform volume charge density is placed inside a conductor (with resistivity102 m ).
1
The charge density becomes of its original value after time…….Fermi seconds
 2.718
(up to two decimal places) (  0  8.854 1012 F / m )
Ans. : 88.54
 t  1
Solution:   t     0  e  t /  0   t /  0  ln  ln 1
 0 2.718
0
t   8.854  1012  102  88.54  1015 sec  88.54 fs

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Q55. Consider a metal with free electron density of 6 1022 cm 3 . The lowest frequency of
electromagnetic radiation to which this metal is transparent, is 1.38  1016 Hz . If this
metal had a free electron density of 1.8  1023 cm 3 instead, the lowest frequency
electromagnetic radiation to which it would be transparent is…………… 1016 Hz (up to

two decimal places).
Ans. : 2.39
Solution: Cut-off frequency is f  n .
f2 n n 1.8  1023
Thus  2  f 2  f1 2  f 2  1.38 1016  2.39  1016 Hz
f1 n1 n1 6  10 22
GATE- 2018
  
Q56. Among electric field ( E ), magnetic field ( B ), angular momentum ( L ) and vector

potential ( A ), which is/are odd under parity (space inversion) operation?
  
(a) E only (b) E and A only
   
(c) E and B only (d) B and L only
Ans. : (b)
Solution: Under parity operation r  r
V
E ; E : P  E
r
 
B  I r ; B : P  B
 
Lrp ; L : P  L
A
E ; A: P  A
t
Q57. An infinitely long straight wire is carrying a steady current I . The ratio of magnetic
energy density at distance r1 to that at r2   2r1  from the wire is ___________.
Ans. : 4
B2 1 u r 2  2r 
Solution: uB   2  B1  22  21  4
2 0 r uB 2 r1 r1
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Q58. A light beam of intensity I 0 is falling normally on a surface. The surface absorbs 20 %
of the intensity and the rest is reflected. The radiation pressure on the surface is given by
X I 0 / c , where X is __________ (up to one decimal place). Here c is the speed of light.
Ans. : 1.8
I0  I  I
Solution: Radiation pressure    0.8 0   1.8 0
c  c c
Q59. The number of independent components of a general electromagnetic field tensor
is__________
Ans. : 6
Solution: In Cartesian co-ordinate, three Independent coordinate for electric field,  Ex , E y , Ez 
and three Independent co-ordinate for magnetic field  Bx , By , Bz  .
Q60. Consider an infinitely long solenoid with N turns per unit length, radius R and carrying
a current I  t    cos t , where  is a constant and  is the angular frequency. The
magnitude of electric field at the surface of the solenoid is

1 1
(a) 0 NR sin t (b) 0 NR cos t
2 2
(c) 0 NR sin t (d) 0 NR cos t
Ans. : (a)
   NI  t  zˆ, inside
Solution: B   0
0 , outside

  B 
Since,  E  dl     da
line
t

 E  2 R   0 N   sin t    R 2
 1
 E  0 NR sin t
2
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
Q61. A constant and uniform magnetic field B  B0 kˆ pervades all space. Which one of the
following is the correct choice for the vector potential in Coulomb gauge?
(a)  B0  x  y  iˆ (b) B0  x  y  ˆj (c) B0 xjˆ

1

(d)  B0 xiˆ  yjˆ
2

Ans. : (c)
    
Solution: Check option (c),   A  0, B    A  B0 kˆ
Q62. A long straight wire, having radius a and resistance per unit length r , carries a current
I . The magnitude and direction of the Poynting vector on the surface of the wire is
(a) I 2 r / 2 a , perpendicular to axis of the wire and pointing inwards
(b) I 2 r / 2 a , perpendicular to axis of the wire and pointing outwards
(c) I 2 r /  a , perpendicular to axis of the wire and pointing inwards
(d) I 2 r /  a , perpendicular to axis of the wire and pointing outwards
Ans. : (a)
  
Solution: S 
1
0
 E  B   1 Vl  2 Ia  IRl  2I a
0
R  I 2r
V  IR, r   S 
l 2 a
Q63. A quarter wave plate introduces a path difference of  / 4 between the two components
of polarization parallel and perpendicular to the optic axis. An electromagnetic wave with

E   xˆ  yˆ  E0 ei kz t  is incident normally on a quarter wave plate which has its optic axis
y
making an angle 1350 with the x - axis as shown.
The emergent electromagnetic wave would be
Optic axis 1350
(a) elliptically polarized x
(b) circularly polarized
(c) linearly polarized with polarization as that of incident wave
(d) linearly polarized but with polarization at 900 to that of the incident wave
Ans. : (c)
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Q64. An electromagnetic plane wave is propagating with an intensity I  1.0  105 Wm 2 in a
medium with  3 0 and   0 . The amplitude of the electric field inside the medium
is _________ 103 Vm 1 (up to one decimal place).
( 0  8.85  1012 C 2 N 1m 2 , 0  4  107 NA2 , c  3 108 ms 1 )
Ans. : 6.6
1 2I 2I 
Solution: I  v  E2  E2    2I
2 v 1 


0 4  107
 E 2  2  105  2  105  4363.4  104
3 0 3  8.8  1012
 E  66 102  6.6 103 V / m
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field Ex, and V are zero at the origin, f  x  is

Solve equation 16e 2 x  f  x   6  0  f  x   6  16e 2 x  f x   6 x  8e 2 x  c1 , since

(c)  r  4 and A  3 (d)  r  4 and A   3

(a) re Kr (b)

makes an angle  with that of P1 . A beam of unpolarized light of intensity I 0 is incident

on P1 as shown. The intensity of light emerging from P3 is

A static charge distribution gives rise to an electric field of the form E   1  e  r / R 

(a) q / 2 (b) 2q (c) 2q (d) 4q

a as shown. At the point P which is at a distance R from the centre  R  a  , the

(c) There is no finite value of d (d) mg 0 / q

density Kt iˆ , where K is a constant. The vector potential at  x, y , z  is given

Solution: Let charge per unit length be  , hence I   u in z -direction.

 dr  sin  d  cos 2  d  20 r04

Q30. The components of a vector potential A   A0 , A1 , A2 , A3  are given by

A  k  xyz, yzt , zxt , xyt 

where k is a constant. The three components of the electric field are

(a) I 0 / 12 0 c 3  (b) I 02 2 / 12 0 c 3 

(c) I 02 3 / 12 0 c 3  (d) I 02 4 / 12 0 c 3 

(a) zero (b) DC from A to B

vertices of a square of side a . Let another point charge  q be

Let V r  be the electrostatic potential at a point P at a distance

function of time t is shown in the figure below.

(d) 0.265 watts / m 2 and 3.3 108 tesla

in this wave guide?

(a) B0 yiˆ (b)  B0 yiˆ 

equilibrium the angle  between their magnetic moments is such that

coefficient. For an electromagnetic wave of angular frequency   0 , which of the

undergo small oscillations with an angular frequency

makes an angle 1 to the interface. The corresponding angle  2 in

Q73. The x - and z -components of a static magnetic field in a region are Bx  B0 x 2  y 2  

  B By Bz By B

Q75. Consider a sphere S1 of radius R which carries a uniform charge

the magnetic field B measured by him is

(a) 5 (b) 9 (c) 0 (d) 1

obeys the equation

with the boundary condition    a, y     x,  a   0 . The frequency  of the lowest

where  and k are positive constants. This represents

positive x -axis. The electric field at the centre of the circle is

 0, 0, 0  . Let the intensity of radiation at the point  0, 0, R  be I1 and at  2 R, 0, 0  be ‘ I 2

in vacuum as shown in the figure below.

of the circles in the limit N   , is

(a) akr 2 e  at (b) 2akr 2 e  at (c)  akr 2 e  at (d) 2akr 2 e  at

by O Now OP2   d      d    P1

NET/JRF (DEC - 2017)

above an infinite grounded conducting sheet kept in the xy - plane. At a point  0, 0, z  ,

where z  d , the electrostatic potential of this charge configuration would

The angles of reflection and refraction are, respectively,

(c) v akˆ and v ajˆ (d) v akˆ and  ajˆ

electric charge q2 moves with a speed v parallel to the x -axis at a perpendicular

respectively, in front of an infinite grounded conducting plate at x  0 . The potential at

(a) x 3 (b) x 5 (c) x 2 (d) x 4

Q107. The electric field of a plane wave in a conducting medium is given by

  d       a  r 2  cos   r 2 sin  drd d  0

  cos  d       a  r 2  cos 2   r 2 sin  drd d  0 .

(b) k and S are anti-parallel

(c) k and S are perpendicular to each other

(a)   F  0 (b)   F  0 (c) V  0 (d)  2 V  0

Q10. A spherical conductor of radius a is placed in a uniform electric field E  E 0 kˆ . The

Q12. The electric field E  x, y, z , t  corresponding to the above wave is given by

this charge distribution the electric field at 2 x0 ,0,0

2Qxˆ Qxˆ Qxˆ Qxˆ