Mark Scheme Biology Paper 2 Ujian Pra 2007

4551/2 PRA TRIAL BIOLOGY Mark Scheme 1 CONFEDENTIAL
JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI MELAKA
MARK SCHEME
BIOLOGY PAPER 2
PRA TRIAL SPM EXAMINATION
2007
SECTION A
QUESTION 1
Item Answer Marks Remark

Num.
1(a) (i) P : Xylem 1

Q : Phloem 1 2
(ii) Organ ; 1
made up of ground tissue, epidermal tissue, 1 2
mesophyll tissue and vascular tissue //
consists of various types of tissues combined
together to perform spesific functions.
(b) (i) • Q / Phloem tissue composed of sieved 1

tubes
• with the end walls of each cell are 1
perforated by pores to form sieves
plates
1 Max
• which allow substances to pass from
2
one cell to another.
(ii) 1 1
Translocation
(c) (i) R : Companion cell 1

S : Sieve tube cell 1 2
© 2007 PRA TRIAL BIOLOGY SPM

Question Answer Marks Remarks
(ii) • The plant will be dye; 1 Any 2

• without R / companion cell ; no 1
energy will be provided to the sieve
tube;
1 Max 2
• hence dissolve organic
substances/sucrose/ cannot be
transported (from leaves to the
storage organ/other part of plant)
(d)
• The branch will be die; 1 Reject :
• owing to a lack of organic substances 1 2 plant
in the parts below the ring.
Marks 13
QUESTION 2

Num.
2(a)(i) Interphase 1 1
(a)(ii) P1 Synthesise of protein and new 1

cytoplasmic
organelles 1 Max 2
P2 DNA replication
1
P3 Accumulates energy
(b) Q Chromatid.
1 Max 2
R Spindle fibers 1
( c )(i) Stage M 1
(c) (ii) Anaphase 1 2 marks

(d) D-
1 diagra All 2 correct
m
or –2m
1 L- label
Plat cell plat cell 1 correct
–1m
2
(e) 4 1 1
(f)) • Cloning / culture tissue 1

• Easier to get infected // no variation 2
1
12
marks
10/100 X 20000 = 2000 X 10/100 1

(f) = 200 kJ 1 2
12
marks
QUESTION 3

Num.
Able to mark and labeled the producer
3(a) correctly
Answers: 1
Hydrilla sp or lotus plants
Able to mark and labeled the consumer

correctly
1 2
Answers:
Small fish/big fish/duck/tadpole/ black
beetle
Able to state the niche of duck

(b) 1 1
Answers:
• Duck eat the lotus plant/ duck eat
Hydrilla sp/

Duck eat prawn
(c) Able to explain the role of lotus plant
Sample answers:
• Lotus plants is a floating plant that 1 Max 2
able to receive sunlight to conduct
photosynthesis process 1
• They can produce rapidly by
vegetative propagation 1
• And the submerged plant die &
being decomposed
Able to explain the benefits of this
(d) biogradable herbacides 1
max
Sample answers: 1 2 marks
• The biodegradable pesticides will
only kill producer 1
• So they cannot produce rapidly by
vegetative propagation
• And decoposition process will stop
•
(e) Able to explain how the excess fertilizer 1
pollute the freshwater pond Max
1
Sample answers: 3
Draining of excess nutrient from the fertilizer 1
into the pond
• Encourage the rapid growth of algae 1
• The excessive growth of algae
restricts the penetration of light into
the water
• And when they die,decomposer used
up all the dissolved oxygen/supply of
oxygen in the pond decrease
Answer 1
(f) 1 2
10/100 X 20000 = 2000 X 10/100 12
= 200 kJ marks

QUESTION 4

Num.
Able to name the hormone labeled X and Y
4(a) (i)
Answers
X- FSH 1
Y- LH 1 2
Able to draw the sctructure of P
4(a)(ii) 1 1
Answer
4(b) Able to explain the process of cell division 1

which produce gamete Q can result in the
variation. 1
Max 2
Sample answer 1
• Crossing over during prophase 1
• Recombination of allele during
prophase 1
• Behaviour of the choromosomes
during anaphase 1
Able to convince the woman about the

(c) treatment 1
max
Sample answer 1 3 marks
• The replacement hormone stimulates
ovulation 1
• Causing the graafian follicle to form
corpus luteum 1
• corpus luteum secretes progesterone
to maintain the thickness of the
endometrium
• this enables implantation to occur

(d) Able to explain an imbalance of hormone

X & oestrogen to the disrubtion of the
developing folicle
Sample answer
• high oestrogen level
• stimulate secretion of LH 1 Max
• and it will inhibits the secretion of FSH
and stop the growth of follicle in the 1 3
ovary
1
(e) Able to explain the importance of the

pituitary gland in the developing follicle 1 2
process
1 12
Sample answer marks
• the pituitary gland secretes FSH to
stimulate the growth of follicle in the
ovary
• and follicle able to secrete oestrogen
to promotes repair of endometrium
QUESTION 5

Num.
Able to name the type of variation
5(a)
Answers 1
Figure 5 (i) : Continuos variation
Figure 5 (ii) : Discontinuos variation 1 2
Able to state the factor

(b) Answer 1 1
Genetic factors
Able to name the disease

1 1 mark
( c )(i) Answer
• THALASSEMIA

Able to state two characteristics of the

( c )(ii) above disease
Sample answer 1 2
1
• The erythrocytes are thin & delicate
• Absent of one of the globin chains
Able to describe the differences between
(d) the two type of variation
Sample answer
Body mass Blood group

1. Continuous 1.Discontinuos 1 Max
variation variation 3
2. the differences 2.the differences are 1
are not distinctive distinctive
3.show a normal 3.show a discrete 1
distribution distribution
4. influenced by 4.is not influenced
environmental by environmental
factors factors
(e) Able to explain what would happen
• The blood supply in the hospital will 1

decrease
• And many patients suffer or died 1
Total 11
marks

SECTION B
QUESTION 6
Item Scoring Criteria Mark Remark

No.
6(a) Able to explain the sequence of changes in the rate of

heartbeat due to vigorous exercise.
Sample answer :
F1- Increased respiration produces more carbon 1

dioxide
P1- this lead to a decrease in pH 1
F2- receptors in aorta and carotid sinuses 1

P2.1- detect the fall in blood pH 1
P2.2-(this chemoreceptor) send great /more 1
impulses
P2.3- to cardiac/cardiovascular centre/ accelerator 1
centre/ P
F3-(the cardiac centre) sends out more impulses /

increased rate of impulses 1
// no impulses from inhibitory centre
P3- along the sympathetic nerves 1
P4- to SA node , the AV node and the ventricle 1
wall / to pacemaker //
pacemaker stimulated
P5- causing the rate of the heart beat to increase/ 1
increased rate of heartbeat
P6- adrenal gland releases more adrenalin (in case 1 Max 10

of stress)

6 (b) (i) Able to describe how can count pulse rate to

represent the heart beat
Answer:
1
• feel the pulse or take the pulse or find the pulse
1
• count the pulse or count beats in artery in wrist /
neck
Able to count X (ventricle contraction) 1

• 80 (answer)
• showing 8000 divided by 100
1 4
(indicating cardiac output divided by
stroke volume)

(ii) Able to analyse the table 1
Sample answer
P1 – when there is change in movement, rate of 1

contraction of left ventricle in beats per min
increase / ventricle contraction heart beat
faster.
P2 - this cause cardiac output in cm3 per minute 1

also increase
P3 - pumps more blood / pumps blood faster 1
P4 - so more oxygenated blood can be sent to 1

muscles.
P5 - this increase respiration cell 1
P6 - to generate more energy/ATP for muscle 1 6

contraction
Total 20
QUESTION 7
Question Answer Marks Notes

7(a)(i) Able to explain the meaning of negative
feeback mechanism
Sample answer
E1: When the value of glucose in blood 1
increase,
E2: the corrective mechanism comes into 1
play to reduce the value the glucose in blood
to normal again 2
7(a)(ii) Able to describe how hormone X and Y

regulated the blood glucose level in human
Sample answer

E1: The hormones X and hormone Y are 1

produce by the cell in the pancreas
E2: Hormone X is secreted by alpha cells and 1
hormone Y is secreted by beta cells
E3: If the blood sugar level is lover than 1
normal, more hormone X is secreted into the
blood stream.
E4: Hormone X is transport by blood to the 1
liver
E5: In the liver, hormone X stimulates liver 1
cells to convert glycogen to glucose.
E6: This causes the level of glucose to rise 1
and return to normal.
E7: If the blood sugar level is higher than 1
normal, more hormon Y is secreted into the
blood stream.
E8: Hormone Y is transported by blood to the 1
liver.
E9: In the liver, hormone Y stimulated the liver 1
cells to convert glucose to glycogen and fats.
E10: This cause the level of sugar fall and
return to normal. 1
max 8 8
Marks 10
7
(b)(i) Able to explain the meaning of homeostasis
Sample answer
Homeostasis is the endocrine system and the
nervous system works together to maintain
optimal physical and chemical conditions in
the internal environment for the cell to
function optimally. 1 1
(b)(ii) Able to state the differences between the

endocrine system and the nervous system
Sample answer

Refer to Appendix A. 8 Max 8
Marks 10
QUESTION 8

8a Able to explain the type of cross breed
that involve two pairs of characteristics
-this type of cross breed is the result of 1
breeding between two opposite pairs of
characteristics
Able to state the type of inheritance

-known as dyhibrid inheritance and follows 1
Mendel’s Second Law
-G represents the allele for green colour

g represents the allele for striped colour
L represents the allele for short shape 1

l represents the allele for long shape
Able to show the schematic diagram of

how to get the second filial generation
phenotype and the ratio.
Parental GGLL x ggll 1
genotype
Parental (short green) (long
striped)
Phenotype
Gametes GL gl 1
First filial generation GgLl

F1 (all short green) 1
F1 Self cross GgLl x GgLl
GL Gl gL gl GL Gl gL gl 1
Punnett square is prepared to determine the

phenotypic ratio in F2 generation.
Question Answer Marks Remark
GL Gl gL gl
GL GGLL GGLl GgLL GgLl
Gl GGLl GGll GgLl Ggll
gL GgLL GgLl ggLL ggLl

2
gl GgLl Ggll ggLl ggll
F2 generation Round : Long : Short : Long

Phenotype: Green Green Striped Striped 1
12 m

F2 generation 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
Phenotypic Ratio: 1 Max:
10m
b. Able to explain how the inheritance can be

prevented based on the schematic
diagram given.
Sample Answer
1. Colour blindness are sex-linked inheritance 1

disease and is carried by recessive gene.
2. Males are homozygous, receiving only X 1

chromosome from their mother.
3. Females are heterozygous, inheriting X 1

chromosomes from both parents.
4. A normal father and a heterozygous carrier 1

mother pass
the gene for colour blindness on to possibly 1
one-half of
their children.
5. Half the daughters will be carriers 1
6. Half the sons will be colour blindness. 1
Question Answer Marks Remark
7. The rest of the siblings will be normal. 1
8. Daughters, as long as one parent is 1

genotypically normal, can only be carriers.
9. The normal gene on the second X 1

chromosome counteracts the defect and
the daughters do not suffer from trait.
10. When a son receives the defective gene 1

from his mother he will be colour
blindness because the Y chromosome

cannot counteract the defective gene

located on his X chromosome.
1
11. Thus, colour blindness is more common in
males than females.
1
12. Inheritance of colour blindness can be
prevented by
avoid marriage of the grandchildren which 13 m
consists of carriers or colour blindness 1
through a few generation Max:
10m
13. So that the recessive gene will disappear.
SECTION C
QUESTION 9
ITEM SCORING CRITERIA MARK NOTES
9 (a) Able to explain process of ultrafiltration (Y process)
Sample Answer
Process Y = ultrafiltration 1
A process whereby
F1 – water and solutes from glomerulus being forced to 1
filter through the membrane of Bowman’s capsule by

the high hydrostatic pressure

F2 - forming glomerular filtrate 1 Max 2
(b)
Able to explain the formation of urine
F1 - Able to state three processes in urine formation

E1 - Ultrafiltration, reabsorption and secretion. 1
F2 - Able to explain the ultrafiltration process
P1 - Blood is under relatively high pressure when it 1 Any 3

reaches the nephron.
P2 The high blood pressure in the glomerulus, forces 1
fluid to filter through the filtration membrane into the
lumen of Bowman’s capsule
P3 - forming glomerular filtrate; 1
P4 - contains water, glucose, amino acids, urea, mineral 1 Max 3
salts and other small molecules
F3 - Able to explain the reabsorption process
P5 - The glomerular filtrate will flow into proximal 1

convoluted tubule
P6- selective reabsorption occurs; all the glucose, amino 1
acids, vitamins and many inorganic ions are
reabsorbed back into the blood
P7- by active and passive transport 1 Any 3
P8- forming a relatively high solute concentration in the 1
peritubular capillaries
P9 - thus a large volume of water is reabsorbed into the 1
blood by osmosis and
P10- increase the concentration of urea in the convoluted 1
tubule
P10- glomerular filtrate then flow into loop of henle and 1

distal convoluted tubule
P11- more water and minerals being reabsorbed back into 1 Max
the blood 3
F4 - Able to explain the secretion process
P12 -takes place in the distal convoluted tubule 1

P13 -urea/toxins/certain drugs / hydrogen ions/potassium 1
ions/ammonia being secreted by passive diffusion
and active transport from the blood capillary into the Any 2
distal convoluted tubule
P14- the filtrate reaches the collecting duct ; now 1

called urine
P15 -flows down the ureter, the bladder and the urethra 1 Max
and is finally excreted. 2
____
TOTAL 10
____
9 (c) Able to evaluate the suitability of potato rings as the main

source of food for a child.
Sample answer :
F1 : Potato rings contains very little protein 1

compared to its carbohydrate & fat content.
E1 : children needs more protein to build new 1
tissues during the period of rapid growth.
F2 : do not contain vitamins & minerals 1
E2 : the child will fall sick easily due to lack of 1
vitamins & minerals for optimum health /

prevention of diseases.
F 3 : contains very high fat 1
E 3 : hence, the child will also be obese 1
F 4 : contains saturated fat 1
E 4 : have high levels of cholesterol in their 1
blood; face a higher risk of developing
cardiovascular disease
F5 : does not contain fibre 1
E5 : the child will get constipation lead to painful 1 Max
defaecation 10
TOTAL 10
APPENDIX A
QUESTION 7 (b)(ii)
Criteria Nervous System Endocrine System Mark
F1 : Organ / tissue E1 : Sensory organ E1 : Gland F1 -1

involve E1 -1
F2 : Transmission of E2 : Electrical signals/ E2 : Chemical signals/ F2 -1

information Nerve impulse Hormone E2 -1

F3: Medium of E3 : Neurone E3 :Blood F3 -1

electrochemical E3 -1
transmission
F4: Response E4 : Muscle E4 : Production of F4 -1

contraction hormone E4 -1
F5: Period of E5 : Rapid/fast E5 : Slowly F5 -1

message E5 -1
conveyed
F6: Destination of E6 : Specific location E6 : Various F6 -1

Message destination E6 -1

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4551/2 PRA TRIAL BIOLOGY Mark Scheme 1 CONFEDENTIAL

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI MELAKA

Item Answer Marks Remark

1(a) (i) P : Xylem 1

(b) (i) • Q / Phloem tissue composed of sieved 1

(c) (i) R : Companion cell 1

© 2007 PRA TRIAL BIOLOGY SPM

Question Answer Marks Remarks

(ii) • The plant will be dye; 1 Any 2

Item Answer Marks Remark

(a)(ii) P1 Synthesise of protein and new 1

(c) (ii) Anaphase 1 2 marks

© 2007 PRA TRIAL BIOLOGY SPM

(f)) • Cloning / culture tissue 1

10/100 X 20000 = 2000 X 10/100 1

Item Answer Marks Remark

Able to mark and labeled the consumer

Able to state the niche of duck

© 2007 PRA TRIAL BIOLOGY SPM

Duck eat prawn

(c) Able to explain the role of lotus plant

© 2007 PRA TRIAL BIOLOGY SPM

Item Answer Marks Remark

4(b) Able to explain the process of cell division 1

Able to convince the woman about the

© 2007 PRA TRIAL BIOLOGY SPM

(d) Able to explain an imbalance of hormone

(e) Able to explain the importance of the

Item Answer Marks Remark

Able to state the factor

Able to name the disease

© 2007 PRA TRIAL BIOLOGY SPM

Able to state two characteristics of the

Body mass Blood group

(e) Able to explain what would happen

• The blood supply in the hospital will 1

© 2007 PRA TRIAL BIOLOGY SPM

Item Scoring Criteria Mark Remark

6(a) Able to explain the sequence of changes in the rate of

F1- Increased respiration produces more carbon 1

F2- receptors in aorta and carotid sinuses 1

F3-(the cardiac centre) sends out more impulses /

P6- adrenal gland releases more adrenalin (in case 1 Max 10

© 2007 PRA TRIAL BIOLOGY SPM

6 (b) (i) Able to describe how can count pulse rate to

Able to count X (ventricle contraction) 1

© 2007 PRA TRIAL BIOLOGY SPM

(ii) Able to analyse the table 1

P1 – when there is change in movement, rate of 1

P2 - this cause cardiac output in cm3 per minute 1

P3 - pumps more blood / pumps blood faster 1

P4 - so more oxygenated blood can be sent to 1

P5 - this increase respiration cell 1

P6 - to generate more energy/ATP for muscle 1 6

Question Answer Marks Notes

7(a)(ii) Able to describe how hormone X and Y

© 2007 PRA TRIAL BIOLOGY SPM

E1: The hormones X and hormone Y are 1

Question Answer Marks Notes

(b)(ii) Able to state the differences between the

© 2007 PRA TRIAL BIOLOGY SPM

Refer to Appendix A. 8 Max 8

Question Answer Marks Notes