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Propeller

DCAM Part 66
MIAT Propeller Sychronising
17.4.1 - HO - 1

17.4 Propeller Sychronising

17.4.1 Synchronising and Synchrophasing

17.4.1.1 Propeller Synchronising Systems

A propeller synchronising system is used to set all propellers of an aircraft to exactly


the same speed (in rpm) in order to eliminate excess noise and vibration. It is used
for all flight operations except for take--off and landing.

Refer to Figure 1.

A master engine is used to establish the rpm to which the other engine, called the
slave engine, is adjusted.

A frequency generator built into each propeller governor generates a signal that is
proportional to the rpm of that engine.

Refer to Figure 2.

A comparison circuit in the control box compares the rpm signal of the slave engine with
the rpm signal of the master engine. If necessary, it sends a correcting signal to the
slave engine governor’s control mechanism.

The comparison unit has a limited range of operation. The slave engine must be
within approx. ±100 rpm of the master engine to enable synchronisation.

17.4.1.2 Synchrophasing Systems

Description

Refer to Figure 3.

Synchrophasing is a more detailed method of synchronisation. It allows the pilot to


set the angular difference in the plane of rotation between the blades of the slave
engine(s) and the blades of the master engine.

Synchrophasing is used to reduce the noise and vibration created by the engines
and propellers. The synchrophase angle can be varied by the pilot to be adjusted to
different flight conditions and to still achieve a minimum noise level.

A pulse generator is keyed to the same blade of each propeller (e.g. blade one). This
generator generates a signal to determine the relative position of each blade one at
any given instant.

The signals of both (or all) engines are compared with each other. If a difference
occurs a signal is sent to the governor of the slave engine to cause it to adopt the
phase angle selected by the pilot.

A manual propeller phase control in the cockpit allows the pilot to select that phase
angle which reduces noise and vibration to a minimum.
Propeller
DCAM Part 66
MIAT Propeller Sychronising
17.4.1 - HO - 2

Synchrophaser

The synchrophaser consists of an airtight case containing a comparator and proces-


sing circuits for the propeller synchrophasing signals.

Speed Pick--Up

The speed pick--ups are mounted on a mounting bracket attached to either the
reduction gear (as shown in Figure 4) or, in the case of aircraft fitted with propeller
de--icing, on the de--icing brush block assembly. The speed pick--ups consist of a
cylindrical housing which contains a coil.

Operation

Synchrophasing System

Refer to Figure 5.

The governor coil of the faster engine is weakened. It allows the flyweight to move
outwards. The plunger piston of the pilot valve is lifted which reduces the control
shaft orifice and restricts the flow of oil from the propeller servo. The pitch of the
blades is increased and the engine speed decreases.

The reverse procedure occurs at the same time on the slower engine until the
speeds are synchronised.

Synchrophaser

If the engines are manually synchronised to within ±2 % of the rpm and the control
knob is set to ON, the engines will be synchronised to a speed difference of zero.

To minimise the propeller noise, the propellers can be set in phase with each other
by turning the control knob to the PHASE SELECT range.

The system can be turned off for take--off, landing, single engine operation and in
case of malfunction.

Speed Pick--Ups

Refer to Figure 6.

On each rotation of the propeller shaft, a permanent magnet induces a pulse in the
pick--up coil. The resultant AC voltage is proportional to the propeller rpm. It is
supplied to the synchrophaser where it is processed into a synchrophasing control
signal.

On aircraft without propeller de--icing system, the magnet is mounted on the spinner
bulkhead or on the slipring. On aircraft with propeller de--icing, it is mounted on the
slipring.
MIAT
Master engine Slave engine
propeller governor propeller governor

Magnetic
pick--up leads

DCAM Part 66
Flexible shaft

Magnetic To prop
pick-- up control
Control box lever
in cabin

B 4420 A

Propeller Sychronising
Actuator

17.4.1 - HO - 3

Propeller
Figure 1 Typical Synchronising System of a Light Twin-- Engine Aircraft
Propeller
DCAM Part 66
MIAT Propeller Sychronising
17.4.1 - HO - 4
Propeller pitch levers
Synchroniser switch
Indicator light
Upper pedestal
panel

Actuator motor

Comparison
unit

Intake manifold
of engine

Governor

Propeller control cable


Flexible shaft
B 4421 A

Trimmer assembly

Figure 2 Installation of a Synchronising System


Propeller
DCAM Part 66
MIAT Propeller Sychronising
17.4.1 - HO - 5

a) Light twin--engine aircraft (push--pull type)

Puller propeller (front) Pusher propeller (rear)

b) Synchrophasing allows the pilot to adjust the phase angle


between the propellers (here: pusher and puller propeller) of the
various engines to reduce noise and vibration to a minimum

Phase Phase Phase


angle angle angle

c) Synchrophasing control panel of a light twin-- engine aircraft

Indicator lamp Function switch

Phasing PHASE

SYNC

OFF
FB 4422 D

Synchrophaser

Phasing control

Figure 3 Principles of Synchrophasing


Propeller
DCAM Part 66
MIAT Propeller Sychronising
17.4.1 - HO - 6

B 4423 B

4 5
Legend:
1 Wiring connector 3 Pulse transmitter bracket
2 Lock nut 4 Mounting bracket (reduction gear)
5 Speed pick-- up (synchrophasing system)

Figure 4 Speed Pick-- Up Installation


Propeller
DCAM Part 66
MIAT Propeller Sychronising
17.4.1 - HO - 7

Speeder
spring
Flyweight
assembly

Relief To propeller
valve
Control shaft orifice

Pump
FB 3352

Plunger piston
Supply

Figure 5 Master Engine Propeller Governor


Left Propeller Piston Right Propeller Piston

MIAT
Pitch change
mechanism
28 V DC supply

Slipring
Phase target Speed pick -- up

DCAM Part 66
Metered oil
pressure
Propeller
Synchrophaser governor
control box

Control knob

Propeller Sychronising
FB 5504 A

17.4.1 - HO - 8

Propeller
Figure 6 Schematic Diagram of a Synchrophasing System

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