Prinsip Menejemen Bencana

Sektor Kesehatan

Hendro Wartatmo
Divisi Bencana KMPK FK UGM
 Disaster
Deffinition :
A serious disruption of the functioning of society, causing
widespread human, material or environmental losses
which exceed the ability of affected society to cope using
its own resources.

Sudnes KO, Birnbaum ML 2003 : Health Disaster Management Guidelines for

Evaluation and Research in Utstein Style
Disaster :
Any emergency that disrupts normal community
function causing concerns for safety of its
citizens including their lives and property
 Bencana :
• Bencana adalah peristiwa atau rangkaian
peristiwa yang meangancam dan mengganggu
kehidupan dan penghidupan masyarakat yang
disebabkan, baik oleh faktor alam dan/atau
faktor nonalam maupun faktor manusiasehingga
mengakibatkan timbulnya korban jiwa manusia,
kerusakan lingkungan, kerugian harta benda,
dan dampak psikologis.

UU Republik Indonesia no 24 Tentang Penanggulangan Bencana

HAZARD Sesuatu yang mengandung enerji :
hujan, rekahan bumi, guning berapi ( alam ),
pabrik, transportasi, masa ( manusia )

RISK(S) Sesuatu yang bisa meningkatkan kemungkinan

potensi menjadi kejadian

EVENT Potensi yang menjadi kenyataan.

IMPACT Kejadian yang menimpa populasi / masyarakat

DAMAGE Kerusakan yang timbul dari kejadian

Perubahan fungsi kehidupan

DISASTER BENCANA. Akibat dari kerusakan yang untuk

penanggulannya perlu bantuan dari luar.
Descriptions of Basic Societal Functions
Public
Health Medical
Economy Care

Communi Water and

-cations Coordination Sanitation
and Control
Resources Power

Politico-
legal Environ Shelter
Security mental
and
Clothing
Culture

Logistics
& Food and
Transport Nutrition
Mandate

Energy
Social
Supply
Public
Works & Education
Engineering
 Prevention
HAZARD
Modification D
D I
RISK(S) I S
S A
Preparedness S
A
S T
EVENT E
T
E R
R
M
IMPACT
Resilience P A
L N
A A
Absorbing capacity
N G
DAMAGE E
Bufering capacity
M
Response
E
N
DISASTER
Recovery
Development
 Disaster Management

• The aggregate of all measures taken to reduce the likelihood of

damage that will occure related to hazard(s) and to minimize
the damage once an event is occuring or has occurred and to
direct recovery from the damage.

• The body of policy and administrative decisions and

operational activities that pertain to the various stages of a
disaster at all levels
 Disaster Management in Indonesia
www.bnpb.go.id

BNPB

Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana Kementrian Tehnis

National Agency for Disaster Management Kemenkes

BPBD - Propinsi
Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Kantor Dinas Departemen
Provincial Board for Disaster Management Dinas Kesehatan Tk 1 / Propinsi

BPB – Kabupaten/Kota
Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Kabupaten - Kota Kantor Dinas Departemen
City / Distric Board for Disaster Management Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten / Kota
PRINCIPLE of DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Good disaster management is not merely an extension
of good everyday emergency procedures. It is more
than just the mobilization of additional personnel,
facilities, and supplies. Disasters often pose unique
problems rarely faced in daily emergencies.
Seram, Maluku, Oktober 2015
Sindhuparchok
Camp
 Operational Framework

Pre-Event
Event
Damage
Changes in Function
Responses
Recovery
Time
A B C D
Needs Assessments and Plans
Most Problems in Disaster Management
has been related to inadequate
Coordination and Control

Workshop on Disaster Research, WCDEM 2007

 The coordinated works
in Disaster Management
 Cluster Approach
• The basis of the current international humanitarian
coordination system was set by General Assembly
resolution 46/182 in December 1991. The
Humanitarian Reform of 2005 introduced new
elements to improve capacity, predictability,
accountability, leadership and partnership.
• http://www.unocha.org/what-we-do/coordination-tools/cluster-coordination
 Bantul earthquake, 2006
First Health Cluster Meeting
Kathmandu, 2015, Health Cluster Meeting
Gempa Aceh 2016
Gempa Aceh 2016
The Damage
Akomodasi
Pelayanan kesehatan
Puskesmas Cubo
“ Net Working “
“Disaster Survival”
Disaster Survival
Responses problems were far more
likely to result from inadequate
management than from any other
single reason.

ICS for Health Care, Hospitals Course

 Ringkasan :
• Menejemen Bencana dalam Kluster
Kesehatan berbeda dengan Menejemen
Kluster Kesehatan sehari-hari pada situasi
sehari-hari
• Banyaknya sektor yg terdampak
mengharuskan ada koordinasi dalam
respon.
•
Terima Kasih
Bahan bacaan :
• Carley S, Mackway-Jones K, 2005 : Major Incident Medical Management and Support, Blackwell
Publishing Ltd.
• Departemen Kesehatan RI 2007 : Standar Internasional Penanganan Bencana Bidang
Kesehatan.
• Jeff Jones 2006, NIMS Incident Command System Field Guide, Informed Tigard, Oregon
• USAID / OFDA 1994, Field Operations Guide for Disaster Assessment and Response, OFDA
• Djoko Sumaryono dkk, 2005, Pedoman Nasional Manajemen Bencana di Indonesia, Kementrian
Koordnator Politik, Hukum, Keamanan RI.
• Sundness KO, Birbaum ML 2003, Health Disaster Management Guidelines for Evaluation and
Research in The Utstein Style, Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Vol 17 Supl 3.
• Undang-undang Republik Indonesia no 24 th 2007 tentang Penanggulangan Bencana
• Keptusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia no 1653 th 2005 tentang Pedoman Penanganan
Benana Bidang Kesehatan.
• Prescott, John E. : Hospital Disaster Planning for the Real World, http://tinyurl.com/9bthk
• Incident Command System, http://nimsonline.com
• Trisnantoro.L : Mengelola Bencana di Sektor Kesehatan butuh pendekatan ilmiah, editorial, Jurnal
Menejemen Pelayanan Kesehatan vol./ no 02 / Juni / 2006.