1.

Fatigue: fatigue is the weakening of a material caused by cyclic loading

those results in progressive and localized structural damage and the growth
of the cracks.

2. Suspension bridge: A bridge that has its roadway suspended from two or
more cables usually passing over towers and securely anchored at the
ends.

3. Arch: a typically curved structural member spanning an opening and

serving as a support (as for the wall or other weight above the opening).

4. Arch in R.C.C members: The great advantage of an arch in reinforced

concrete construction is that, if the arch is appropriately shaped, the whole
cross section can be utilized in compression under the maximum load. In an
ordinary reinforced concrete beam, the portion below the neutral axis is
assumed to be cracked and does not contribute to the bending strength.
5. Use of arch: Arches span much wider openings because they can be made
from small, easily carried blocks of brick or stone, as opposed to a
massive, monolithic stone lintel. An arch can also carry a much greater load
than a horizontal beam can support.
6. Angle of Repose: The angle of repose or critical angle of repose, of a granular
material is the steepest angle of descent or dip relative to the horizontal
plane to which a material can be piled without slumping.

7. Tension member: Structural elements that are subjected to direct axial tensile
loads, which tend to elongate the member is known as tension member.

8. Compression member: Structural elements that are subjected to direct axial

compression loads, which tend to elongate the member is known as tension
member.

9. Simple frame: A simple frame is a flat container to hold something. It can also
be an outer part of the structures.
10. SAG: A sag, is a depressed, persistent, low area; the opposite of an arch,
or ridge, a raised, persistent, high area.

11. Deflection: The deflection is the degree to which a structural element is

displaced under a load. It may refer to an angle or a distance.

12. Point of contra flexure: In a beam that is flexing (or bending), the point where
there is zero bending moment is called the point of contra flexure.

13. Tendons: Tendon is a complete assembly of a prestressing element,

comprising one or more tensioned elements (bar, strand, wire, etc.) used to
apply compression to the surrounding concrete, along with any associated
 components such as ducting, anchorages, etc. required to enclose and
anchor these tensioned elements.

14. Stressing: Stressing is the method of construction in which any structural

member is applied with force before or after the execution of work.

15. Pre Stressing: The term pre stressing is used to describe the process of
introducing internal forces (or stress) into a concrete or masonry element
during the construction process in order to counteract the external loads
applied when the structure is put into use.

16. Post stressing: Post tensioning or post stressing is the method of construction
which is for reinforcing concrete. Once the concrete has gained strength
before the service loads are applied, the cables are pulled tight or tensioned
and anchored against outer edge of the concrete.

17. Cast in situ: Cast-in-place (cast in situ) concrete is a technology of

construction of buildings where walls and slabs of the buildings are cast at the
site in the formwork.

18. Precast: Precast is the casting of the structural element before it is placed at
final location. Elements are made as per design in the factory or industry and
are transported to the destination.