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CONTENTS
SYSTEM INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................................................2
SYSTEM DETAILS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................2
DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................2
OVERVIEW OF HARDWARE SYSTEM .......................................................................................................................................................................3
SYSTEM ENCLOSURE ....................................................................................................................................................................................................4
CONTROLLER PC AND ACCESSORIES ....................................................................................................................................................................4
BATTERY STACK SIMULATION ...................................................................................................................................................................................6
CELL VOLTAGE / CURRENT MEASUREMENT MODULE (OPTIONAL) ............................................................................................................8
BATTERY STACK SIMULATOR CONNECTIONS .................................................................................................................................................... 11
TEMPERATURE SENSOR SIMULATION MODULE ............................................................................................................................................... 12
PXI CHASSIS TO CONTROLLER INTERFACE ........................................................................................................................................................ 16
SOFTWARE DRIVER LIBRARIES FOR SYSTEM CONTROL ................................................................................................................................. 16
SAFETY / INTERLOCK FUNCTIONS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 17
NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS / LABVIEW EXPERIENCE ........................................................................................................................................ 20
TEST AND MEASUREMENT EXPERIENCE ............................................................................................................................................................. 20
RELATED PAST AND CURRENT PROJECTS .......................................................................................................................................................... 21
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 1 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
The Battery Simulator System leverages the DMC Battery Testing Platform hardware and software. DMC’s modular Battery Testing
Platform incorporates open software and hardware technologies, along with flexible and reliable subsystem components and
instruments, which are completely customized to the end user’s specifications.
The Battery Testing Platform is built around high-quality off-the-shelf hardware assembled from a variety of vendors, including
Pickering Interfaces, National Instruments (NI), Lambda, and Agilent, among others. Selection of individual instruments in the DMC
system is based completely on required performance, not allegiance to a single hardware vendor.
The system is capable of simulating a stack of 108 battery cells in series and 50x 4-bit temperature sensors. The system was delivered
with source code libraries for low level driver functions that provide full control over the available functionalities of the Battery
Simulator system. This software code is based on pre-existing software modules, which were assembled and customized to
accommodate the customer’s specific test system and test application. No higher level test execution control application was
developed by DMC, as the customer wished to develop their primary test control application themselves.
SYSTEM DETAILS
DEFINITIONS
BMS: Battery Management System - An electronic system for managing a rechargeable battery by continuously monitoring the
battery state, calculating and reporting data on the battery, performing safety functions in fault conditions, performing cell balancing
functions, etc.
NI: National Instruments, Inc.
PXI: Programmable eXtensions for Instrumentation - hardware platform for test and measurement IO.
DMM: Digital Multi-Meter - An electronic measurement device, commonly capable of acquiring high resolution voltage, current,
resistance, or capacitance measurements, as either single-point measurements or waveform captures.
DUT: Device Under Test - Client’s BMS device to be tested.
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 2 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
OVERVIEW OF HARDWARE SYSTEM
A high-level functional diagram of the DMC Battery Simulator system is shown below.
Supply
Spare PXI Slot
Spare PXI Slot
Power
Supply
Shelf 3 : Power Supplies and Misc.
3U
Thermistor
Connector
Cell Current/Voltage Measurement Module (4U) 108 Cell
Supply Line Thermistor Simulation Box
Term Block 2U
108 Cell 108 Cell
Supply Line Supply Line
Connector Connector
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 3 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
SYSTEM ENCLOSURE
The Battery Simulator System is built upon the Media Director Lectern V2 , a portable (wheeled) rack-mount enclosure desk, as
shown below:
This mobile desk provides 32U of total rack-mount space in two separate columns for mounting primary system components,
including 6U of rack-mount space in the upper portion of the lectern just beneath the desk surface.
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 4 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
The system includes a license for the LabVIEW 2012 NI Developer Suite package (the most
comprehensive and full featured package offered by National Instruments) in order to ensure the
customer has access to the complete set of LabVIEW functions, toolkits, and capabilities for their
development activities. This is the package that DMC uses internally for development, so utilizing this
package also ensures that the controller PC will have full access and compatibility with all supporting
software provided by DMC.
The system includes dual DellTM UltraSharpTM U2410 monitors that are mounted above the desk surface of the enclosure via a
dual flat panel mounting arm.
The system includes the Logitech Wireless Keyboard/Mouse MK710 peripheral devices for user operation of the PC.
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 5 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
BATTERY STACK SIMULATION
The Battery Stack Simulation sub-system consists of Pickering PXI 41-752, 6-cell battery simulator cards placed inside a PXI chassis,
providing independent cell voltage simulated outputs. The Battery Simulator System includes 18 PXI Cell Simulator cards, enabling
simulation of a battery stack of 108 cells.
The cell simulator current outputs and voltage sense lines from each card connect to a custom built circuit board which configures
the independent simulated cells into a full simulated battery stack; it also handles battery stack management and safety functions.
Past this custom circuit board, the cell supply/sense lines route to a single high density DUT connection on the front panel of the
test stand.
The Pickering cell simulator cards offer no direct means of reading back their output current or voltage. As a result, the cards
themselves provide no direct capability for voltage supply line leakage current measurement, or for actual cell voltage
measurements.
Since these measurements are useful for the characterization and calibration of a BMS device, DMC’s Battery Simulator System
provides the capability to acquire independent cell voltage and current output measurements using a high-resolution Cell
Current/Voltage Measurement Module. This module consists of an active high-density relay switch matrix that enables
measurement of the current flow on any cell line or of the voltage differential between any two cell lines in the battery stack. This
high resolution cell current/voltage measurement module is described in more detail later in this document.
DMC considers the Pickering 41-752 battery simulator card to be the best tool for simulating a battery input to a BMS for the
following reasons:
1. The 750V isolation barrier allows the outputs to be stacked in series without inducing un-intentional ground faults or loops
and without voiding the manufacturer’s warranty.
2. The cards are capable of both sourcing and sinking current, just like an actual chemical cell. Accurate testing of BMS cell
balancing operations requires this current sinking function.
The 750V isolation barrier of the Pickering 41-752 card allows it to be used to emulate an entire low power battery stack
representative of those used for vehicle propulsion.
The Pickering PXI 41-752 is a PXI based, 6-channel battery simulator module. Each channel of the module is capable of supplying
up to 7V and 300mA to the load. Each channel is fully isolated from ground and from each other, allowing the channels to be
connected in series to simulate batteries arranged in a stacked architecture. The 750V isolation barrier permits the 41-752 to be
used to emulate a low power battery stack representative of those used for vehicle propulsion.
Each battery simulator provides independent power and sense connections, allowing the battery simulator to sense a remote load
and correct for wiring voltage losses. The battery simulator is designed to be fast-responding to dynamic loads, minimizing the
need for local decoupling capacitors at the load.
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 6 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
A signal line on the user connector allows the user to shut down all battery simulator channels with a single connection. Multiple
module control lines are linked together to provide an easy way of inhibiting voltage generation (E-Stop) when using many series
connected modules that provide high output voltages.
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 7 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
CELL VOLTAGE / CURRENT MEASUREMENT MODULE (OPTIONAL)
The Cell Voltage/Current Measurement Module provides independent (DMM based) high resolution measurement of the voltage
between any two cells in the simulated battery stack or of the current on any given cell voltage supply line. These measurements
are useful for the characterization (cell balancing functions, power consumption, leakage currents, etc.) or calibration of a BMS
device. This module also enables automated calibration of the Battery Stack Simulator device itself.
To deliver this extensive range of measurements in a cost effective manner, the module utilizes a single high accuracy digital multi-
meter in conjunction with an active high density switching matrix to connect this meter to any desired set of measurement points.
The Battery Simulation system contains an NI PXI-4071 Digital Multi-Meter (DMM) installed in one of the PXI chasses. This 7 ½ digit
DMM delivers the following measurement capabilities:
- Voltage measurements from ±10 nV to 1000 VDC
- 8 DC current ranges with sensitivity down to 1 pA
- ±500 VDC/Vrms common-mode isolation
- Resistance measurements from 10 µΩ to 5 GΩ
- 1.8 MS/s isolated, 1000 V waveform acquisition
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 8 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
The Cell Voltage/Current Measurement Module uses a single DMM, and thus it is only possible to acquire one particular
measurement at a given time (i.e. the specific probe point that the current relay multiplexer state is connecting the DMM to
measure). It is very straightforward, however, to set up functions in the test control software in order to scan through all cell voltage
or current measurement points by simply reconfiguring the relay state between each measurement acquired by the DMM.
The switching matrix in this module also makes it possible to simulate a broken connection between a simulated cell and the BMS
or to simulate a shorted connection between two adjacent cells; these can be useful fault insertion mechanisms in BMS testing
regiments. Similarly, the Voltage/Current Measurement Module also provides the ability to perform complete and total
disconnection of the cell simulator from the BMS device under test.
The Cell Voltage/Current Measurement Module utilizes 5 amp relays that can handle cold switching up to 750 V,
and are thus more than capable of handling the expected total stack voltage generated by many simulated cells
in series.
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 9 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
The Cell Voltage/Current Measurement Module fundamentally consists of multiple removable/swappable relay multiplexing cards
that are seated in a 4U (7”) high Vector card cabinet. It is designed to be located either directly above or directly below a PXI
chassis containing cell simulator modules (as shown in the image below). Each relay card connects directly to a cell simulator card
and handles the measurement multiplexing for those 6 simulated cells. This design makes it easy to scale the multiplexer module
when adding or removing cell simulator cards to increase/decrease the size of the simulated cell stack.
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 10 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
BATTERY STACK SIMULATOR CONNECTIONS
Each simulated cell has one supply and one sense line that need to be routed independently to the Device Under Test (to allow
the cell simulator modules to accurately compensate for voltage drop in harness/wiring). Therefore, the complete set of simulated
cell connections consists of 108 cell voltage supply lines and 108 cell voltage sense lines. The Battery Simulator System provides two
parallel connections to the simulated cells.
Battery Stack Connection 1 is used to interface with the Device Under Test through a pair of connectors that are panel mounted in
the system enclosure panel. There are separate connectors (with identical pin-out mappings for consistency) for the simulated cell
voltage stack sense and supply lines, as shown below.
Battery Stack Connection 1 utilizes 2x 160 position connectors as depicted below.
Battery Simulator System Cell Voltage Connections to the Device Under Test
Battery Stack Connection 2 provides an auxiliary parallel connection to all simulated cell supply and sense lines for external
monitoring, measurement, and diagnostic purposes. This parallel connection has an available standard screw terminal connection
for each cell voltage supply and sense line, as depicted below. These breakout terminal connections are mounted facing out the
front of the primary system enclosure so as to make them externally accessible.
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 11 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
For a 4-bit simulated sensor, there are a total of 2^4 = 16 discrete resistance values (including a short circuit) that can be applied
by each simulated sensor. For an 8-bit simulated sensor, there are a total of 2^8 = 256 resistance values that can be generated.
The actual resistor values used in the module (which thus affect the total range and the set of overall resistance values that can
be generated) are fully configurable and are determined by the requirements of the test application.
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 12 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 13 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
Resistor chains used to simulate a single 4-bit or 8-bit resistive temperature sensor.
The temperature sensor simulation system utilizes a modular mother board and daughter card architecture. The actual physical
resistors that comprise the simulated temperature sensors are all installed on swappable daughter cards that plug in to the module’s
mother board. The mother board handles the “infrastructure” of aggregating independent resistors into simulated temperature
sensors, integrating relays to control the simulated temperature circuits, etc. By swapping in and out sets of daughter cards
containing different resistor values, different types of temperature sensors or different temperature ranges can be simulated to
accommodate varying testing requirements or DUT models.
The relays that are responsible for configuring the desired output state of the simulated temperature sensors are contained on and
controlled by two high-density PXI relay cards. Control of the Temperature Sensor Simulation module is accomplished through a
set of LabVIEW driver VI’s provided along with the system.
The simulated temperature sensor module drivers include algorithms to automatically calculate the optimal combination of resistors
that should be inserted into a given simulated temperature sensor circuit in order to achieve the closest possible resistance to the
commanded value. Thus, the interface for controlling the temperature sensor module is simple and abstracts away the lower level
hardware operations. It is simply necessary to specify the desired resistance (corresponding to the temperature reading you want
to simulate) to apply to a particular temperature sensor number.
Each simulated thermistor requires two connection lines, and thus for a total of 50 simulated thermistors the system has 100 total
connections from the Temperature Sensor Simulation Module to the DUT. The Temperature Sensor Simulation Module has a 104
position connector mounted in the front panel of its enclosure, as depicted in the image below.
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 14 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
Simulated Temperature Sensor Module Enclosure with High Density DUT Connector
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 15 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
PXI CHASSIS TO CONTROLLER INTERFACE
The Battery Simulator System includes two full 18 slot NI PXI-1045 chasses to house Cell Simulator PXI cards as well as supporting
instrumentation and device control cards.
Both of these chasses interface to the controller PXI using an MXI Express interface. An NI
PXI-PCIe8362 card is installed in an available PCIe port of the controller PC to provide two
MXI interface ports. Each PXI chassis has an NI PXI-8360 MXI Interface card installed in the
first slot of the chassis. The MXI ports on the controller PCI card each connect via an included
three meter high-speed MXI cable to one of the MXI interface cards in the respective PXI
chasses to effectively link both chasses to the single PC controller.
This MXI Express interface provides a software-transparent link between the controller PC
and the PXI chasses that house system instrumentation and card modules. This linkage allows
the Battery Simulator hardware to effectively be available as native or directly connected instrumentation on the controller
computer.
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 16 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
- VISA (Virtual Instrument Software Architecture) driver set for direct control of individual Cell Simulator modules and
Pickering relay cards
- Direct IO driver set for direct control of individual Cell Simulator modules and Pickering relay cards
SAFETY / INTERLOCK FUNCTIONS
Since the Battery Simulator system is capable of generating high voltages (as required for battery stack simulation), it contains both
hardware and software based safety features to disable all voltage output during a safety event.
- Large Red ESTOP button in the middle of the top desk surface of Battery Simulator System enclosure
- Software based disable command to open PC controlled relay that is in series with safety interlock loop
Activating any of these safety features will immediately turn off all voltage outputs from the Battery Stack Simulator.
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 17 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
COMPANY OVERVIEW
DMC is a well-known and established controls engineering & consulting firm focused on the industrial automation market. We
develop and implement solutions for a wide range of industries using a variety of technologies. DMC has successfully delivered
solutions for hundreds of companies including 3M, Abbott Laboratories, Argonne National Labs, Bosch, BRP, Caterpillar, Chrysler,
Fermilab, Ford, John Deere, UL, Wrigley, and Yaskawa. Every solution we develop is based on a solid understanding of engineering
principles with the primary objective of helping our client increase profitability and productivity using world-class solutions.
DMC is a certified member of the Control Systems Integrators Association (CSIA). DMC passed a rigorous third party audit of 200
criteria that span all aspects of business performance in the areas of:
General Management
Human Resources Management
Marketing and Business Development
Financial Management
Project Management
System Development Lifecycle
Quality Assurance Management
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 18 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
CONTACT INFORMATION
www.dmcinfo.com
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 19 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS / LABVIEW EXPERIENCE
DMC has been a National Instruments (NI) Alliance member for over 10 years with one of the largest teams of Certified LabVIEW
developers in the country, including several National Instruments’ Certified LabVIEW Architects (highest level of certification
available), and multiple NI Certified LabVIEW Developers.
DMC automates difficult testing functions using a variety of platforms including PC-based systems, PLCs, and embedded systems.
We have developed tests for a variety of organizations including national and certification laboratories and companies in the
automotive and telecommunications industries. We manage dozens of large test system projects each year and know what it takes
to get the project completed on-time and on-budget with industry leading performance.
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 20 of 21
Battery Simulator System Overview
DMC Chicago • 2222 N. Elston Avenue Suite 200 • Chicago, IL 60614 • 312.255.8757
DMC Boston • 20 Holland St. Suite 408 • Somerville, MA 02144 • 617.758.8517
DMC Denver • 1860 Blake St. Suite 410 • Denver, CO 80202 • 303.223.1801
www.dmcinfo.com • sales@dmcinfo.com • 888.DMC.4400
Page 21 of 21