Ejercicio Cap 22 GPSA

GPSA Engineering Data Book 14th Edition
REVISION DATE REASON(S) FOR REVISION

0 4/1/2017 Initial release
FIG. 22-1
Nomenclature
H = heat content or Acid Gas = feed stream to sulfur recovery plant
enthalpy, Btu/lb or consisting of H2S, CO2, H2O, and
Btu/lb-mole usually less than 2 mol % hydrocarbons
Kp = equilibrium Claus Process = a process in which 1/3 of the H2S in the

constant* acid gas feed is burned to SO2 which is
then reacted with the remaining H2S to
produce sulfur. This is also referred to
as the modified Claus process
LT/D = long ton per day (A Residence = the period of time in which a process
long ton is 2240 lb) Time stream will be contained within a
certain volume or piece of equipment,
seconds
P = partial pressure, Tail Gas = a process unit designed to take tail gas
atmospheres Cleanup Unit from a Claus sulfur recovery plant and
remove additional sulfur with the goal
of meeting environmental sulfur
emission standards
π = total pressure,
atmospheres
* For the low pressure, vapor phase Claus reaction

2H2S + SO2 → 2H2O + 3/x Sx
Kp = ( (PH2O)2(PSx)3/x ) / ( (PH2S)2(PSO2) )
Kp = ( [Mols H2O]2[Mols Sx]3/x ) / ( [Mols H2S]2[Mols SO2] ) * ( π / Total Mols )(3/x – 1)
KEY
= Example calculation from the book
= Application worksheet for user to fill out
= Numbers that must be filled in according to the user's data, specific situation, graphs, charts and figures
Example 22-1 -- Claus Process Calculation

Feed Gas Conditions: 110 °F Dry Bulb Temp
20.7 psia Wet Bulb Temp
Plant Size - Feed 100 LTD sulfur Air Blower Discharge Temp
mol % mols/hr
H2S 60.65 291.08 Specific Humidity
CO2 32.17 154.39 (from psychometric charts) lb-mol vapor/lb-mol dry air
H2O 6.2 29.76
Hydrocarbons (as C1) 0.98 4.70
100.00 479.93
The sample calculations, equations and spreadsheets presented herein were developed using examples published in the Enginee
While every effort has been made to present accurate and reliable technical information and calculation spreadsheets based on t
The Calculation Spreadsheets are provided without warranty of any kind including warranties of accuracy or reasonableness of
In no event will the GPA or GPSA and their members be liable for any damages whatsoever (including without limitation, those
These calculation spreadsheets are provided to provide an “Operational level” of accuracy calculation based on rather broad ass
Application 22-1 -- Claus Process Calcu
100 °F Feed Gas Conditions: 110
75 °F 20.7
180 °F Plant Size - Feed 100
mol %
0.0297 Fig. 11-2 H2S 60.65
lb-mol vapor/lb-mol dry air CO2 32.17
H2O 6.2
Hydrocarbons (as C1) 0.98
100.00
using examples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processors Suppliers Association as a service to the gas p
on and calculation spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary an
arranties of accuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particula
oever (including without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to, ref
racy calculation based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to: temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, si
- Claus Process Calculation
°F Dry Bulb Temp 100 °F
psia Wet Bulb Temp 75 °F
LTD sulfur Air Blower Discharge Temp 180 °F
mols/hr
291.08 Specific Humidity 0.0297 Fig. 11-2
154.39 (from psychometric charts) lb-mol vapor/lb-mol dry air
29.76
4.70
479.93
ciation as a service to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation wi
ch information is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy, or timeliness of such information
ntability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property.
g from the use, inability to, reference to or reliance on the information in this Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any
mpositions, imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual proc
piled and edited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).
or timeliness of such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-n
on warranty, contract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
ng taking into account actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band lim
od, process, or service by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, re
al control set-point dead-band limitations.

stitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Step 1 ─ Combustion/Reaction Section

Calculate air required to burn 1/3 of the H2S in the feed and for total combustion of hydrocarbons
H2S + 1½ O2 → H2O + SO2 From Eq 22-2

∆Ĥ (32°F) = -222,700 Btu
H2S → H2 + ½S2 From Eq 22-5
∆Ĥ (32°F) = 36,400 Btu
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O Eq 22-10
∆Ĥ (32°F) = -345,100 Btu
Percentage H2S cracking 5.6% From Western Research, Reference 41
Find oxygen required to burn 1/3 of the H2S and total combustion of hydrocarbons
H2S → SO2
(1/3)*(3/2)*(1-0,056)*(291,08) = 137.39 mols/hr O2
Hydrocarbons (as C1)
2 * 4,7 = 9.41 mols/hr O2
Total 146.79 mols/hr O2
Assume x=mols of H2S reacting

2H2S + SO2 → 2H2O + 3/2 S2 From Eq 22-7
x 1/2x x 3/4x
∆Ĥ (32°F) = 20,230 Btu
Material Balance (Combustion/Reaction Section)
Feed Gas Combustion

(mol/hr) Air (mol/hr) Products (mol/hr) Reaction Products (mol/
H2S 291.08 183.18 183.18
CO2 154.39 159.10 159.10
H2 0.00 16.30 16.30
H2O 29.76 20.75 151.51 151.51
SO2 91.59 91.59
N2 551.98 551.98 551.98
O2 146.79
S2 8.15 8.15
S6
S8
479.93 719.53 1,161.81 1,161.81
Assume ∆P through the burner and furnace is: 1.6 psi

Then P= 19.1 psia = 1.3 atmospheres
At equilibrium
Kp = ( (PH2O)2(PSx)3/x ) / ( (PH2S)2(PSO2) ) = ( [Mols H2O]2[Mols S2]3/2 ) / ( [Mols H2S]2[Mols SO2] ) * ( π / Total Mols )(3/2 – 1)
=( [151,51 + x]^2[8,15 + 3/4 x]^3/2 ) / ( [183,18 - x]^2[91,59 - 1/2 x] ) * ( 1,3 / [1161,8
Equilibrium temperature can determined by reading Fig. 22-27 or can be approximated by the following
Equilibrium Temperature (°F) = -963.3 + 2131 · ln(Kp) - 660.4 · ln(Kp)2 + 89.68 · ln(Kp)3
Equilibrium
Temperature (°F)
Equilibrium from Kp
x, mol/hr Temperature (°F) Approximate Eq
see note Kp (calculated) from Fig. 22-27 22-11
x ==> 124.94 26.23 2080 2080
Equilibrium Temperature from Kp Approximate is used in the calculations below.
Enthalpy Difference 0 Btu/hr <== adjust x until near zero
Feed Gas
H@ 110 °F
mol/hr Btu/lb-mol Btu/hr
H2S 291.08 628.5 182,935
CO2 154.39 697.5 107,695
H2 0.00 545.3 0
H2O 29.76 640.2 19,049
Hydrocarbons (as C1) 4.70 655.4 3,083
479.93 312,762
Combustion Air
H@ 180 °F
mol/hr But/lb-mol Btu/hr
O2 146.79 1084.2 159,148
N2 551.98 1033.2 570,316
H2O 20.75 1221.8 25,357
719.53 754,822
Heat out Reaction Products

H@ 2080 °F
H2S 58.25 21,237 1,236,993
CO2 159.10 24,674 3,925,531
H2 16.30 14,543 237,058
H2O 276.44 19,243 5,319,582
SO2 29.12 25,338 737,920
N2 551.98 15,488 8,548,847
S2 101.85 17,854 1,818,490
1193.04 21,824,421
Heat in mol/hr Btu/lb-mol Btu/hr

Feed Gas 312,762
Combustion Air 754,822
H2S Combustion 91.59 222,700 20,397,479
HC Combustion 4.70 345,100 1,623,102
Claus Reaction 62.47 -20,230 -1,263,743
H2S Cracking 16.30 -36,400 -593,328
21,824,421
Reaction Products (mol/hr)
-1 x
1x
-0.5 x
0.75 x
+ 0,25 x
( π / Total Mols )(3/2 – 1)
59 - 1/2 x] ) * ( 1,3 / [1161,81 + 1/4 x] )^1/2
owing
Eq 22-11
Note: You can use the Excel Add-In Solver to find the
value of x that gives a zero Enthalpy Difference. Make
sure you have Solver in your Data ribbon, Analysis tab.
Set Objective = B54, Value of 0, Variable B52. Solver
will find x.
ples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processors Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processing ind
ation spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the GPA an
ccuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or
ding without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to, reference to or
ion based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to: temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site conditions
Step 1 ─ Combustion/Reaction Section
Calculate air required to burn 1/3 of the H2S in the feed and for total combustion of hydrocarbons
H2S + 1½ O2 → H2O + SO2 From Eq 22-2

∆Ĥ (32°F) = -222,700 Btu
H2S → H2 + ½S2 From Eq 22-5
∆Ĥ (32°F) = 36,400 Btu
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O Eq 22-10
∆Ĥ (32°F) = -345,100 Btu
Percentage H2S cracking 5.6% From Western Research, Reference 41
Find oxygen required to burn 1/3 of the H2S and total combustion of hydrocarbons
H2S → SO2
(1/3)*(3/2)*(1-0,056)*(291,08) = 137.39 mols/hr O2
Hydrocarbons (as C1)
2 * 4,7 = 9.41 mols/hr O2
Total 146.79 mols/hr O2
Assume x=mols of H2S reacting

2H2S + SO2 → 2H2O + 3/2 S2 From Eq 22-7
x 1/2x x 3/4x
∆Ĥ (32°F) = 20,230 Btu
Material Balance (Combustion/Reaction Section)
Feed Gas Combustion

(mol/hr) Air (mol/hr) Products (mol/hr) Reaction Products (mol/
H2S 291.08 183.18 183.18
CO2 154.39 159.10 159.10
H2 0.00 16.30 16.30
H2O 29.76 20.75 151.51 151.51
SO2 91.59 91.59
N2 551.98 551.98 551.98
O2 146.79
S2 8.15 8.15
S6
S8
479.93 719.53 1,161.81 1,161.81
Assume ∆P through the burner and furnace is: 1.6 psi

Then P= 19.1 psia = 1.3 atmospheres
At equilibrium
Kp = ( (PH2O)2(PSx)3/x ) / ( (PH2S)2(PSO2) ) = ( [Mols H2O]2[Mols S2]3/2 ) / ( [Mols H2S]2[Mols SO2] ) * ( π / Total Mols )(3/2 – 1)
=( [151,51 + x]^2[8,15 + 3/4 x]^3/2 ) / ( [183,18 - x]^2[91,59 - 1/2 x] ) * ( 1,3 / [1161,81
Equilibrium temperature can determined by reading Fig. 22-27 or can be approximated by the following
Equilibrium Temperature (°F) = -963.3 + 2131 · ln(Kp) - 660.4 · ln(Kp)2 + 89.68 · ln(Kp)3
Equilibrium
Temperature (°F)
Equilibrium from Kp
x, mol/hr Temperature (°F) Approximate Eq
see note Kp (calculated) from Fig. 22-27 22-11
x ==> 124.94 26.23 2080 2080
Equilibrium Temperature from Kp Approximate is used in the calculations below.
Enthalpy Difference 0 Btu/hr <== adjust x until near zero
Feed Gas
H@ 110 °F
H2S 291.08 628.5 182,935
CO2 154.39 697.5 107,695
H2 0.00 545.3 0
H2O 29.76 640.2 19,049
Hydrocarbons (as C1) 4.70 655.4 3,083
479.93 312,762
Combustion Air
H@ 180 °F
mol/hr But/lb-mol Btu/hr
O2 146.79 1084.2 159,148
N2 551.98 1033.2 570,316
H2O 20.75 1221.8 25,357
719.53 754,822
Heat out Reaction Products

H@ 2080 °F
H2S 58.25 21,237 1,236,993
CO2 159.10 24,674 3,925,531
H2 16.30 14,543 237,058
H2O 276.44 19,243 5,319,582
SO2 29.12 25,338 737,920
N2 551.98 15,488 8,548,847
S2 101.85 17,854 1,818,490
1,193.04 21,824,421
Heat in mol/hr Btu/lb-mol Btu/hr

Feed Gas 312,762
Combustion Air 754,822
H2S Combustion 91.59 222,700 20,397,479
HC Combustion 4.70 345,100 1,623,102
Claus Reaction 62.47 -20,230 -1,263,743
H2S Cracking 16.30 -36,400 -593,328
21,824,421
service to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas Pro
tion is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy, or timeliness of such information. Referen
tness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property.
use, inability to, reference to or reliance on the information in this Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any other legal
imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process condit
Reaction Products (mol/hr)
-1 x
1x
-0.5 x
0.75 x
+ 0,25 x
( π / Total Mols )(3/2 – 1)
59 - 1/2 x] ) * ( 1,3 / [1161,81 + 1/4 x] )^1/2
owing
Eq 22-11 0
Note: You can use the Excel Add-In Solver to find the value of x in cell
M52 that gives a zero Enthalpy Difference. Make sure you have Solver in
your Data ribbon, Analysis tab. Set Objective = M54, Value of 0, Variable
M52. Solver will find x. If your initial value for x in cell M52 is far from
the balanced amount, the Equilibrium Temperature in cell P52 may be
negative or #NUM!. If this happens, manually change M52 until the
Equilibrium Temperature is positive. Then use Solver as described. You
may need to run Solver multiple time until cell M54 = 0.
in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).
f such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, trademark
ntract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
ccount actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
service by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation o
oint dead-band limitations.

ement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Step 2 ─ Waste Heat Boiler Duty

Assume that 250 psig steam is generated in the waste heat boiler
Assume temp of the cooled combustion products is 700 °F
Distribution of vapor species at the given temperature, ignoring S 7

0.005 mol fraction S2 Fig. 22-21
0.450 mol fraction S6
1.00
Reaction Products Cooled Reaction Products
H@ 2080 °F H@ 700 °F
mol/hr Btu/lb-mol Btu/hr mol/hr Btu/lb-mol Btu/hr
H2S 58.25 21,237 1,236,993 58.25 5,774 336,312
CO2 159.10 24,674 3,925,531 159.10 6,868 1,092,669
H2 16.30 14,543 237,058 16.30 4,651 75,812
H2O 276.44 19,243 5,319,582 276.44 5,658 1,564,125
SO2 29.12 25,338 737,920 29.12 7,309 212,860
N2 551.98 15,488 8,548,847 551.98 4,720 2,605,344
S2 101.85 17,854 1,818,490 0.14 5,507 793
S6 12.97 19,510 252,962
S8 15.70 27,050 424,765
1,193.04 21,824,421 1,120.00 6,565,642
∆H= 15,258,779 Btu/hr
S2 → S6 ∆Ĥ= 122,500 ∆H= 1,588,305 Btu/hr Fig. 22-29

S2 → S8 ∆Ĥ= 177,900 ∆H= 2,793,559 Btu/hr
Total heat duty:

∆H= 19,640,643 Btu/hr
Note: Partial pressure of sulfur vapor

= ((S2 + S6 + S8) / Total moles) *(Total pressure)
= 0.033 atmospheres
Vapor pressure of sulfur at 700 °F from Fig. 22-22 = 0.3 atm.
No sulfur is condensed.
Step 2 ─ Waste Heat Boiler Duty
Assume that 250 psig steam is generated in the
Assume temp of the cooled combustion products is
Distribution of vapor species at the given temperature, ignoring S

0.005 mol fractrion S
1.00
Reaction Products
H@ 2080
mol/hr Btu/lb-mol
H2S 58.25 21,237
CO2 159.10 24,674
H2 16.30 14,543
H2O 276.44 19,243
SO2 29.12 25,338
N2 551.98 15,488
S2 101.85 17,854
S6
S8
1,193.04
∆H= 15,258,779
S2 → S6 ∆Ĥ= 122,500 ∆H=

S2 → S8 ∆Ĥ= 177,900 ∆H=
Total heat duty:

∆H= 19,640,643 Btu/hr
Note: Partial pressure of sulfur vapor

= ((S2 + S6 + S8) / Total moles) *(Total pressure)
= 0.033 atmospheres
Vapor pressure of sulfur at 700 °F from Fig. 22-22 =
No sulfur is condensed.
published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processors Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processing indust
n spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the GPA and G
racy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or no
g without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to, reference to or reli
based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to: temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site conditions etc
g steam is generated in the waste heat boiler
700 °F
temperature, ignoring S 7
l fractrion S2 Fig. 22-21
l fraction S6
l fraction S8
Reaction Products Cooled Reaction Products

°F H@ 700 °F
Btu/hr mol/hr Btu/lb-mol Btu/hr
1,236,993 58.25 5,774 336,312
3,925,531 159.10 6,868 1,092,669
237,058 16.30 4,651 75,812
5,319,582 276.44 5,658 1,564,125
737,920 29.12 7,309 212,860
8,548,847 551.98 4,720 2,605,344
1,818,490 0.14 5,507 793
12.97 19,510 252,962
15.70 27,050 424,765
21,824,421 1,120.00 6,565,642
Btu/hr
1,588,305 Btu/hr Fig. 22-29

2,793,559 Btu/hr
moles) *(Total pressure)
Fig. 22-22 = 0.3 atm.

the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas Processors A
luntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy, or timeliness of such information. Reference herein
a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property.
ility to, reference to or reliance on the information in this Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any other legal theory an
curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process conditions, fluid
ration with Gas Processors Association (GPA).
formation. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, trademark, and ser
t or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
ctual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
y trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favorin
band limitations.
ment, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Step 3 ─ 1st Sulfur Condenser

Assume pressure drop through the condenser: 0.5 psi Then P= 18.6 psia
Process stream further cooled to : 350 °F
From Fig. 22-22, vapor pressure of sulfur at above temperature: 0.0011 atm
Distribution of sulfur species is:
0.145 mol fraction S6 Fig. 22-21
1.00
Therefore, if no sulfur condensed there would be:
3.83 mol S6
22.59 mol S8
Uncondensed sulfur
= (0,0011*14.7 / (18,6 - 0,0011*14.7)) * (1120 - (3,83 + 22,59))
= 0.95 mol/hr
S6 0.14 mol/hr uncondensed

3.69 mol/hr condensed
Condenser Outlet Conditions

H@ 350 °F
H2S 58.25 2,614 152,255 Cumulative Removal 67.5%
CO2 159.10 3,050 485,242
H2 16.30 2,218 36,146
H2O 276.44 2,652 732,993
SO2 29.12 3,272 95,290
N2 551.98 2,225 1,228,155
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vap/liq) 3.83 8,976 34,386
S8 (vap/liq) 22.59 12,395 280,003
1,117.61 3,044,470
∆H= 3,521,173 Btu/hr
Fig. 22-30 ∆H:

S6 (vapor) → Sliq 178.8 Btu/lb 127,040 Btu/hr
Fig. 22-29 ∆H:
S2 (vapor) → S6 (vapor) 122,500 Btu/lb-mole 664 Btu/hr
S2 (vapor) → S8 (vapor) 177,900 Btu/lb-mole 5,684 Btu/hr
Total Duty: 4,345,002 Btu/hr
Step 3 ─ 1st Sulfur Condenser
Assume pressure drop through the condenser: 0.5 psi
From Fig. 22-22, vapor pressure of sulfur at above temperature:
0.855 molfraction S8
1.00
3.83 mol S6
22.59 mol S8
Uncondensed sulfur
= (0,0011*14.7 / (18,6 - 0,0011*14.7)) * (1120 - (3,83 + 22,59))
= 0.95 mol/hr


H@ 350 °F
H2S 58.25 2,614 152,255
CO2 159.10 3,050 485,242
H2 16.30 2,218 36,146
H2O 276.44 2,652 732,993
SO2 29.12 3,272 95,290
N2 551.98 2,225 1,228,155
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vap/liq) 3.83 8,976 34,386
S8 (vap/liq) 22.59 12,395 280,003
1,117.61 3,044,470
∆H= 3,521,173 Btu/hr
Fig. 22-30 ∆H:

Fig. 22-29 ∆H:
S2 (vapor) → S6 (vapor) 122,500 Btu/lb-mole 664 Btu/hr
S2 (vapor) → S8 (vapor) 177,900 Btu/lb-mole 5,684 Btu/hr
ublished in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processors Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processing industry
spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the GPA and GP
cy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-
without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to, reference to or relian
ased on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to: temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site conditions etc)
Then P= 18.6 psia
0.0011 atm
Fig. 22-21
0 - (3,83 + 22,59))
Cumulative Removal 67.5%

e gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas Processors Asso
tary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy, or timeliness of such information. Reference herein to
articular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property.
y to, reference to or reliance on the information in this Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any other legal theory and w
rves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process conditions, fluid pr
ation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).
ormation. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, trademark, and serv
or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
tual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favorin
band limitations.
Step 4 ─ 1st Reheater

One of the principal purposes of reheating is to maintain the process gas above the sulfur dewpoint throughout the
catalyst bed.
Assume 20 % estimate H2S conversion to sulfur in the first catalyst bed
Total sulfur as S1 vapor = 0,14* 6 + 0,81 * 8 + 0,2 * 291,08 = 65.55 mol/hr vapor as S1
Assume pressure drop for reheater and catalyst bed: 1.0 psi
New pressure: 17.6 psi
Sulfur vapor pressure (as S1) then is: 65,55 / 1082,23 * 17,6 = 1.07 psi
= 0.072 atm
Looking at Fig. 22-22, the vapor pressure of sulfur is the above value at about 445
The preheater outlet temperature is typically set 30 °F higher.
Therefore preheater outlet temperature should be set to 475 °F
Sulfur dist. at outlet temperature: 0.255 mol fraction S6
1.00
H @ 475 H@ 350
mol/hr Btu/lb-mol Btu/hr Btu/hr
H2S 58.25 3,700 215,510 2,614 152,255
CO2 159.10 4,368 694,890 3,050 485,242
H2 16.30 3,087 50,319 2,218 36,146
H2O 276.44 3,715 1,026,923 2,652 732,993
SO2 29.12 4,677 136,201 3,272 95,290
N2 551.98 3,108 1,715,553 2,225 1,228,155
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor) 0.24 12,693 3,046 8,976 1,238
S8 (vapor) 0.71 17,543 12,455 12,395 10,084
1,092.14 3,854,897 2,741,403
Reheater Heat Duty: 1,113,494 Btu/hr
Step 4 ─ 1st Reheater
int throughout the One of the principal purposes of reheating is to maintain the process gas a
catalyst bed.
Assume 20 % estimate H2S conversion to sulfu
Total sulfur as S1 vapor = 0,14* 6 + 0,81 * 8 + 0,2 * 291,08 =

Assume pressure drop for reheater and catalyst bed:
Sulfur vapor pressure (as S1) then is: 65,58 / 1082,23 * 17,6 =
= 0.073
°F Looking at Fig. 22-22, the vapor pressure of sulfur is the above value at a
The preheater outlet temperature is typically set
Therefore preheater outlet temperature should be set to
Fig. 22-21 Sulfur dist. at outlet temperature: 0.255
0.745
1.00
°F H@
mol/hr Btu/lb-mol
H2S 58.25 3,700
CO2 159.10 4,368
H2 16.30 3,087
H2O 276.44 3,715
SO2 29.12 4,677
N2 551.98 3,108
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor) 0.24 12,693
S8 (vapor) 0.71 17,543
1,092.14
Reheater Heat Duty: 1,113,494
mples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processors Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processing
culation spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the GPA
f accuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose,
cluding without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to, reference to
lation based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to: temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site conditio
o maintain the process gas above the sulfur dewpoint throughout the
mate H2S conversion to sulfur in the first catalyst bed
* 8 + 0,2 * 291,08 = 65.58 mol/hr vapor as S1

1.0 psi
,58 / 1082,23 * 17,6 = 1.07 psi

atm
ulfur is the above value at about 445 °F
30 °F higher.
475 °F
mol fraction S6 Fig. 22-21
mol fraction S8
475 H@ 350 °F
Btu/hr Btu/hr
215,510 2,614 152,255
694,890 3,050 485,242
50,319 2,218 36,146
1,026,923 2,652 732,993
136,201 3,272 95,290
1,715,553 2,225 1,228,155
3,046 8,976 1,238

12,455 12,395 10,084
3,854,897 2,741,403
Btu/hr
rvice to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas Proce
on is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy, or timeliness of such information. Reference
ess for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property.
se, inability to, reference to or reliance on the information in this Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any other legal th
mperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process condition
operation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).
h information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, trademark, and
, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
nt actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
e by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or fav
ead-band limitations.
rsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Step 5 ─ 1st Catalytic Converter

In the temperature range of 400°F-700°F prevailing in the catalytic reactors, the Claus Reaction equilibrium involving
formation of S2, S6, and S8 should all be used in equilibrium calculations.
A good approximation (within 1% total overall conversion) obtained if only the reaction to form S 8 is considered.
Assume y mols of H2S react
2H2S + SO2 → 2H2O + 3/8 S8
y 1/2y y 3/16y
∆H (32°F) = -46,470 Btu From Eq 22-3
Feed Gas @ 475°F Outlet Conditions

mol/hr mol/hr
H2S 58.25 58.25 - y
CO2 159.10 159.10
H2 16.30 16.30
H2O 276.44 276.44 + y
SO2 29.12 29.12 - y/2
N2 551.98 551.98
S6 0.24
S8 0.71 0.89 + 3/16 y
1092.14 1092.08 - .3125 y
At equilibrium
Kp = ( [H2O]2[S8]3/8 ) / ( [H2S]2[SO2] ) * ( π / Total Mols )(3/8 – 1)
= ( [276,44 + y]^2[0,89 + 3/16 y]^3/8 ) / ( [58,25 - y]^2[29,12 - 1/2 y] ) * ( 1,2 / [1092,08 - .3125 y] )^-5/8
converging moles converted to balance enthalpy in and out.
As an alternative to reading Fig. 22-27, the following approximation was used
Equil Temp (°F) calculated = 1143 - 90.19 · ln(Kp) + 3.108 · ln(Kp)2 - 0.04539 · ln(Kp)3
Equilibrium
Equilibrium Temperature (°F)
y, mol/hr Temperature (°F) calculated Eq 22-
(see note) Kp (calculated) Fig. 22-27 12
39.84 5,002 585 572
The Equilibrium Temperature calculated by Eq 22-12 is used in the below example.
Enthalpy Difference 0 Btu/hr <== adjust y until near zero
At equilibrium temperature, composition is: Note: You can use the Excel Add-I
0.35 mol frac S6 find the value of y that gives a zero
Difference. Make sure you have So
0.65 mol frac S8 Data ribbon, Analysis tab. Set Ob
Value of 0, Variable B29. Solver w
Note: You can use the Excel Add-I
find the value of y that gives a zero
Data ribbon, Analysis tab. Set Ob
1.00 Value of 0, Variable B29. Solver w
but we are examining only S8 formation here.
Outlet Stream H@ 572 °F

H2S 18.41 4,578 84,262
CO2 159.10 5,430 863,928
H2 16.30 3,763 61,338
H2O 316.28 4,550 1,439,062
SO2 9.20 5,801 53,386
N2 551.98 3,801 2,097,917
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vapor) 8.36 21,614 180,690
1,079.63 4,780,583
Heat Balance:
Heat In (Step 4) = 3,854,897 Btu/hr
Claus Reaction = 925,686 Btu/hr
Total Heat Out = 4,780,583 Btu/hr
Step 5 ─ 1st Catalytic Converter
equilibrium involving In the temperature range of 400°F-700°F prevailing in the catalytic rea
involving formation of S2, S6, and S8 should all be used in equilibrium
S 8 is considered. A good approximation (within 1% total overall conversion) obtained if
2H2S + SO2 → 2H2O + 3/8 S8
y 1/2y y 3/16y
∆H (32°F) = -46,470

mol/hr mol/hr
H2S 58.25 58.25
CO2 159.10 159.10
H2 16.30 16.30
H2O 276.44 276.44
SO2 29.12 29.12
N2 551.98 551.98
S6 0.24
S8 0.71 0.89
1092.14 1092.08
At equilibrium
= ( [276,44 + y]^2[0,89 + 3/16 y]^3/8 ) / ( [58,25 - y]^2[29,12 - 1/2 y]
As an alternative to reading Fig. 22-27, the following approximation c
Eq 22-12 Equil Temp (°F) calculated = 1143 - 90.19 · ln(Kp) + 3.108 · ln(Kp)2 - 0
y, mol/hr
(see note) Kp (calculated)
39.84 5,002
The Equilibrium Temperature calculated by Eq 22-12 is used in the be
Enthalpy Difference 0 Btu/hr
e: You can use the Excel Add-In Solver to At equilibrium temperature, composition is:
d the value of y that gives a zero Enthalpy 0.35 mol frac S6
ference. Make sure you have Solver in your
a ribbon, Analysis tab. Set Objective = B31, 0.65 mol frac S8
ue of 0, Variable B29. Solver will find y.
e: You can use the Excel Add-In Solver to
d the value of y that gives a zero Enthalpy
a ribbon, Analysis tab. Set Objective = B31,
ue of 0, Variable B29. Solver will find y. 1.00
but we are examining only S8 formation here.
Outlet Stream H@
mol/hr Btu/lb-mol
H2S 18.41 4,578
CO2 159.10 5,430
H2 16.30 3,763
H2O 316.28 4,550
SO2 9.20 5,801
N2 551.98 3,801
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vapor) 8.36 21,614
1,079.63
Heat Balance:
Heat In (Step 4) = 3,854,897
Claus Reaction = 925,686
Total Heat Out = 4,780,583
mples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processors Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processing i
ulation spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the GPA
accuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose,
uding without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to, reference to o
ation based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to: temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site condition
revailing in the catalytic reactors, the Claus Reaction equilibrium
d all be used in equilibrium calculations.
erall conversion) obtained if only the reaction to form S 8 is considered.
Btu From Eq 22-3
Outlet Conditions
mol/hr
-y
+y
- y/2
+ 3/16 y
- .3125 y
/ Total Mols )(3/8 – 1)

[58,25 - y]^2[29,12 - 1/2 y] ) * ( 1,2 / [1092,08 - .3125 y] )^-5/8
halpy in and out.
e following approximation can be used
· ln(Kp) + 3.108 · ln(Kp)2 - 0.04539 · ln(Kp)3 Eq 22-12
Equilibrium
Temperature (°F) calculated Eq 22-
Fig. 22-27 12
585 572
y Eq 22-12 is used in the below example.
<== adjust y until near zero
Note: You can use the Excel Add-In Solver to
find the value of y that gives a zero Enthalpy
Difference. Make sure you have Solver in your
Data ribbon, Analysis tab. Set Objective =
M31, Value of 0, Variable M29. Solver will find
y.
Note: You can use the Excel Add-In Solver to
Data ribbon, Analysis tab. Set Objective =
M31, Value of 0, Variable M29. Solver will find
y.
ere.
572 °F
Btu/hr
84,262
863,928
61,338
1,439,062
53,386
2,097,917
180,690
4,780,583
Btu/hr
Btu/hr
Btu/hr
rvice to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas Proces
n is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy, or timeliness of such information. Reference
e, inability to, reference to or reliance on the information in this Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any other legal the
f such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, trademark
tract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favor
d-band limitations.
recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Step 6 ─ 2nd Sulfur Condenser

Assume pressure drop through the condenser: 0.5 psi Then P= 17.1
8.36 mol S8
Uncondensed sulfur
= (0,00055*14.7 / (17,1 - 0,00055*14.7)) * (1079,63 - 8,36)
= 0.51 mol/hr


H@ 325 °F
H2S 18.41 2,401 44,192 Cumulative Removal
CO2 159.10 2,792 444,195
H2 16.30 2,044 33,314
H2O 316.28 2,440 771,656
SO2 9.20 2,996 27,572
N2 551.98 2,049 1,131,006
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vap/liq) 8.36 11,378 95,116
1,079.63 2,547,051
∆H= 2,233,532 Btu/hr
Fig. 22-30 ∆H of Condensation:

S8 (vapor) → Sliq 126 Btu/lb 253,830 Btu/hr
Step 6 ─ 2nd Sulfur Condenser
psia Assume pressure drop through the condenser: 0.5
Process stream further cooled to : 325
8.36 mol S8
Uncondensed sulfur
= (0,00055*14.7 / (17,1 - 0,00055*14.7)) * (1079,63 - 8,36)
= 0.51 mol/hr


H@ 325
89.1% H2S 18.41 2,401 44,192
CO2 159.10 2,792 444,195
H2 16.30 2,044 33,314
H2O 316.28 2,440 771,656
SO2 9.20 2,996 27,572
N2 551.98 2,049 1,131,006
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vap/liq) 8.36 11,378 95,116
1,079.63 2,547,051
∆H= 2,233,532 Btu/hr

S8 (vapor) → Sliq 126 Btu/lb 253,830
xamples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processors Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processin
alculation spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the G
s of accuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpo
including without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to, reference
culation based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to: temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site condi
psi Then P= 17.1 psia
°F
0.00055 atm
5*14.7)) * (1079,63 - 8,36)
°F
Btu/hr
service to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas Proc
ion is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy, or timeliness of such information. Referenc
ness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property.
use, inability to, reference to or reliance on the information in this Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any other legal t
imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process conditi
d in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).
of such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, tradema
ontract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
account actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
r service by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation
point dead-band limitations.
y endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Step 7 ─ 2nd Reheater

One of the principal purposes of reheating is to maintain the process gas above the sulfur dewpoint
throughout the catalyst bed.
Total sulfur as S1 vapor = 66.88 mol/hr

= 0.066 atm
Looking at Fig. 22-22, the vapor pressure of sulfur is the above value at about 430 °F
H @ 460 H@ 325 °F
H2S 18.41 3,568 65,672 2,401 44,192
CO2 159.10 4,207 669,379 2,792 444,195
H2 16.30 2,983 48,617 2,044 33,314
H2O 316.28 3,587 1,134,451 2,440 771,656
SO2 9.20 4,506 41,470 2,996 27,572
N2 551.98 3,002 1,656,932 2,049 1,131,006
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vapor) 0.51 16,920 8,574 11,378 5,765
1,071.78 3,625,095 2,457,701
Step 7 ─ 2nd Reheater
One of the principal purposes of reheating is to maintain the process gas above the su
Total sulfur as S1 vapor = 66.88

= 0.066
Looking at Fig. 22-22, the vapor pressure of sulfur is the above value at about
H@
mol/hr Btu/lb-mol
H2S 18.41 3,568
CO2 159.10 4,207
H2 16.30 2,983
H2O 316.28 3,587
SO2 9.20 4,506
N2 551.98 3,002
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vapor) 0.51 16,920
1,071.78
mples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processors Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processing
f accuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose,
lation based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to: temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site conditio
o maintain the process gas above the sulfur dewpoint
mol/hr
0.7 psi
,88 / 1121,85 * 16,4 = 0.98 psi

atm
30 °F higher.
460 °F
460 H@ 325 °F
Btu/hr Btu/hr
65,672 2,401 44,192
669,379 2,792 444,195
48,617 2,044 33,314
1,134,451 2,440 771,656
41,470 2,996 27,572
1,656,932 2,049 1,131,006
8,574 11,378 5,765

3,625,095 2,457,701
Btu/hr
tion as a service to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with
information is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy, or timeliness of such information.
ability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property.
from the use, inability to, reference to or reliance on the information in this Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any oth
positions, imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual proces
edited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).
ness of such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, trad
ty, contract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
into account actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
s, or service by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommend
set-point dead-band limitations.

imply endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Step 8 ─ 2nd Catalytic Converter

2H2S + SO2 → 2H2O + 3/8 S8
y 1/2y y 3/16y
∆H (32°F) = -46,470 Btu From Eq 22-7

mol/hr mol/hr
H2S 18.41 18.41 - y
CO2 159.10 159.10
H2 16.30 16.30
H2O 316.28 316.28 + y
SO2 9.20 9.20 - y/2
N2 551.98 551.98
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vapor) 0.51 0.51 + 3/16 y
1071.78 1071.78 - .3125 y
At equilibrium
= ( [316,28 + y]^2[0,51 + 3/16 y]^3/8 ) / ( [18,41 - y]^2[9,2 - 1/2 y] ) * ( 1,1 / [1071,78 - .3125 y] )^-5/8
As an alternative to reading Fig. 22-27, the following approximation can be used
Equilibrium
10.04 36,751 490 486

The Equilibrium Temperature calculated by Eq 22-12 is used in the below example. Note: You can use the Excel Add-I
Enthalpy Difference 0 Btu/hr <= adjust y until near zero Difference. Make sure you have So
Value of 0, Variable B31 Solver wi
H2S 8.37 3,794 31,755
CO2 159.10 4,482 712,989
H2 16.30 3,161 51,526
H2O 326.32 3,806 1,241,820
SO2 4.19 4,798 20,080
N2 551.98 3,183 1,757,142
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vapor) 2.39 17,984 42,952
1,068.64 3,858,264
Heat Balance:
Heat In = 3,625,095 Btu/hr
Step 8 ─ 2nd Catalytic Converter
formation of S2, S6, and S8 should all be used in equilibrium calculatio
2H2S + SO2 → 2H2O + 3/8 S8
y 1/2y y 3/16y
∆H (32°F) = -46,470

mol/hr mol/hr
H2S 18.41 18.41
CO2 159.10 159.10
H2 16.30 16.30
H2O 316.28 316.28
SO2 9.20 9.20
N2 551.98 551.98
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vapor) 0.51 0.51
1071.78 1071.78
At equilibrium
= ( [316,28 + y]^2[0,51 + 3/16 y]^3/8 ) / ( [18,41 - y]^2[9,2 - 1/2 y] ) *
Eq 22-12 Equil Temp (°F) calculated = 1143 - 90.19 · ln(Kp) + 3.108 · ln(Kp)2 - 0
y, mol/hr
10.04 36,751
e: You can use the Excel Add-In Solver to The Equilibrium Temperature calculated by Eq 22-12 is used in the be
ue of 0, Variable B31 Solver will find y.
Outlet Stream H@
mol/hr Btu/lb-mol
H2S 8.37 3,794
CO2 159.10 4,482
H2 16.30 3,161
H2O 326.32 3,806
SO2 4.19 4,798
N2 551.98 3,183
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vapor) 2.39 17,984
1,068.64
Heat Balance:
Heat In = 3,625,095
To tal S t re am Ent h alpy, M M BTU / h r
Calculation of Converter Out
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0 2 4
y, mo
revailing in the catalytic reactors, the Claus Reaction equilibrium involving
ed in equilibrium calculations.
Btu From Eq 22-7
Outlet Conditions
mol/hr
-y
+y
- y/2
+ 3/16 y
- .3125 y
/ Total Mols )(3/8 – 1)

[18,41 - y]^2[9,2 - 1/2 y] ) * ( 1,1 / [1071,78 - .3125 y] )^-5/8
halpy in and out.
e following approximation can be used
· ln(Kp) + 3.108 · ln(Kp)2 - 0.04539 · ln(Kp)3 Eq 22-12
Equilibrium
Fig. 22-27 12
490 486
y Eq 22-12 is used in the below example. Note: You can use the Excel Add-In Solver to
<= adjust y until near zero Difference. Make sure you have Solver in your
Data ribbon, Analysis tab. Set Objective = M33,
Value of 0, Variable M31. Solver will find y.
486 °F
Btu/hr
31,755
712,989
51,526
1,241,820
20,080
1,757,142
42,952
3,858,265
Btu/hr
Btu/hr
Btu/hr
ss for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property.
of Converter Outlet Temperature
2 4 6 8 10 12
y, moles/hr
Col umn L
Col umn L
cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).
uch information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, trademark, a
act, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
ount actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
band limitations.
commendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Step 9 ─ 3rd Sulfur Condenser

Assume pressure drop through the condenser: 0.2 psi Then P= 16.2
1.00
2.39 mol S8
Uncondensed sulfur
= (0,0001*14.7 / (16,2 - 0,0001*14.7)) * (1068,64 - 2,39)
= 0.10 mol/hr


H@ 270 °F
H2S 8.37 1,940 16,236 Cumulative Removal
CO2 159.10 2,237 355,849
H2 16.30 1,661 27,073
H2O 326.32 1,976 644,809
SO2 4.19 2,401 10,049
N2 551.98 1,663 917,942
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vap/liq) 2.39 9,167 21,895
1,068.64 1,993,852
∆H= 1,864,412 Btu/hr


Step 9 ─ 3rd Sulfur Condenser
psia Assume pressure drop through the condenser: 0.2
Process stream further cooled to : 270
1.00
2.39 mol S8
Uncondensed sulfur
= (0,0001*14.7 / (16,2 - 0,0001*14.7)) * (1068,64 - 2,39)
= 0.10 mol/hr


H@ 270
95.4% H2S 8.37 1,940 16,236
CO2 159.10 2,237 355,849
H2 16.30 1,661 27,073
H2O 326.32 1,976 644,809
SO2 4.19 2,401 10,049
N2 551.98 1,663 917,942
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vap/liq) 2.39 9,167 21,895
1,068.64 1,993,852
∆H= 1,864,412 Btu/hr

S8 (vapor) → Sliq 135 Btu/lb 79,358

xamples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processors Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processin
alculation spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the GP
of accuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpos
ncluding without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to, reference t
culation based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to: temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site condi
psi Then P= 16.2 psia
°F
0.0001 atm
.7)) * (1068,64 - 2,39)
°F
Btu/hr
such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, trademark
tract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
ervice by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation o
int dead-band limitations.

endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Step 10 ─ 3rd Reheater

One of the principal purposes of reheating is to maintain the process gas above the sulfur dewpoint
Total sulfur as S1 vapor = 19.11 mol/hr

= 0.019 atm
Looking at Fig. 22-22, the vapor pressure of sulfur is the above value at about 380 °F
H @ 410 H@ 270 °F
H2S 8.37 3,128 26,183 1,940 16,236
CO2 159.10 3,673 584,342 2,237 355,849
H2 16.30 2,635 42,945 1,661 27,073
H2O 326.32 3,160 1,031,270 1,976 644,809
SO2 4.19 3,938 16,480 2,401 10,049
N2 551.98 2,648 1,461,532 1,663 917,942
S2 (vapor) 0
S6 (vapor) 0
S8 (vapor) 0.10 14,845 1,436 9,167 887
1,066.35 3,164,188 1,972,845
Step 10 ─ 3rd Reheater
One of the principal purposes of reheating is to maintain the process gas above the su
Total sulfur as S1 vapor = 19.11

= 0.019
Looking at Fig. 22-22, the vapor pressure of sulfur is the above value at about
H@
mol/hr Btu/lb-mol
H2S 8.37 3,128
CO2 159.10 3,673
H2 16.30 2,635
H2O 326.32 3,160
SO2 4.19 3,938
N2 551.98 2,648
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vapor) 0.10 14,845
1,066.35
amples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processors Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processing
f accuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose
ulation based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to: temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site conditio
o maintain the process gas above the sulfur dewpoint
mol/hr
0.7 psi
9,11 / 1069,06 * 15,5 = 0.28 psi

atm
30 °F higher.
410 °F
410 H@ 270 °F
Btu/hr Btu/hr
26,183 1,940 16,236
584,342 2,237 355,849
42,945 1,661 27,073
1,031,270 1,976 644,809
16,480 2,401 10,049
1,461,532 1,663 917,942
0
0
1,436 9,167 887
3,164,188 1,972,845
Btu/hr
tion as a service to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with
h information is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy, or timeliness of such information.
ability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property.
from the use, inability to, reference to or reliance on the information in this Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any ot
positions, imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual proce
led and edited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).
or timeliness of such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-na
n warranty, contract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
g taking into account actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band lim
d, process, or service by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, reco
control set-point dead-band limitations.

titute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Step 11 ─ 3rd Catalytic Converter

2H2S + SO2 → 2H2O + 3/8 S8
y 1/2y y 3/16y
∆H (32°F) = -46,470 Btu From Eq 22-3

mol/hr mol/hr
H2S 8.37 8.37 - y
CO2 159.10 159.10
H2 16.30 16.30
H2O 326.32 326.32 + y
SO2 4.19 4.19 - y/2
N2 551.98 551.98
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vapor) 0.10 0.10 + 3/16 y
1066.35 1066.35 - .3125 y
At equilibrium
= ( [326,32 + y]^2[0,1 + 3/16 y]^3/8 ) / ( [8,37 - y]^2[4,19 - 1/2 y] ) * ( 1,1 / [1066,35 - .3125 y] )^-5/8
As an alternative to reading Fig. 22-27, the following approximation can be used
Equilibrium
4.20 210,383 425 421
The Equilibrium Temperature calculated by Eq 22-12 is used in the below example.
Enthalpy Difference 0 Btu/hr <= adjust y until near zero
Note: You can use the Excel Add-I
Value of 0, Variable B29. Solver w
H2S 4.17 3,224 13,430
CO2 159.10 3,789 602,876
H2 16.30 2,710 44,181
H2O 330.53 3,253 1,075,282
SO2 2.08 4,062 8,460
N2 551.98 2,725 1,504,119
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vapor) 0.89 15,297 13,541
1,065.03 3,261,888
Heat Balance:
Heat In = 3,164,188 Btu/hr
Step 11 ─ 3rd Catalytic Converter
formation of S2, S6, and S8 should all be used in equilibrium calculatio
2H2S + SO2 → 2H2O + 3/8 S8
y 1/2y y 3/16y
∆H (32°F) = -46,470

mol/hr mol/hr
H2S 8.37 8.37
CO2 159.10 159.10
H2 16.30 16.30
H2O 326.32 326.32
SO2 4.19 4.19
N2 551.98 551.98
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vapor) 0.10 0.10
1066.35 1066.35
At equilibrium
= ( [326,32 + y]^2[0,1 + 3/16 y]^3/8 ) / ( [8,37 - y]^2[4,19 - 1/2 y] ) *
Equil Temp (°F) calculated = 1143 - 90.19 · ln(Kp) + 3.108 · ln(Kp)2 - 0
y, mol/hr
4.20 210,383
The Equilibrium Temperature calculated by Eq 22-12 is used in the be
e: You can use the Excel Add-In Solver to
ue of 0, Variable B29. Solver will find y.
Outlet Stream H@
mol/hr Btu/lb-mol
H2S 4.17 3,224
CO2 159.10 3,789
H2 16.30 2,710
H2O 330.53 3,253
SO2 2.08 4,062
N2 551.98 2,725
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vapor) 0.89 15,297
1,065.03
Heat Balance:
Heat In = 3,164,188
revailing in the catalytic reactors, the Claus Reaction equilibrium involving
ed in equilibrium calculations.
Btu From Eq 22-3
Outlet Conditions
mol/hr
-y
+y
- y/2
+ 3/16 y
- .3125 y
/ Total Mols )(3/8 – 1)

8,37 - y]^2[4,19 - 1/2 y] ) * ( 1,1 / [1066,35 - .3125 y] )^-5/8
halpy in and out.
following approximation can be used
· ln(Kp) + 3.108 · ln(Kp)2 - 0.04539 · ln(Kp)3
Equilibrium
Fig. 22-27 12
425 421
y Eq 22-12 is used in the below example.
<= adjust y until near zero
Note: You can use the Excel Add-In Solver to find
the value of y that gives a zero Enthalpy
Data ribbon, Analysis tab. Set Objective = M31,
Value of 0, Variable M29. Solver will find y.
421 °F
Btu/hr
13,430
602,876
44,181
1,075,282
8,460
1,504,119
13,541
3,261,888
Btu/hr
Btu/hr
Btu/hr
ss for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property.
cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).
ch information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, trademark, an
ct, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
unt actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favoring
and limitations.
ommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.
Step 12 ─ Final Sulfur Condenser

Assume pressure drop through the condenser: 0.2 psi Then P= 15.3 psia
0.00 molfraction S6
1.00
0.89 mol S8
Uncondensed sulfur
= (0,0001*14.7 / (15,3 - 0,0001*14.7)) * (1065,03 - 0,89)
= 0.10 mol/hr


H@ 270 °F
H2S 4.17 1,940 8,080 Cumulative Removal 97.6%
CO2 159.10 2,237 355,849
H2 16.30 1,661 27,073
H2O 330.53 1,976 653,118
SO2 2.08 2,401 5,001
N2 551.98 1,663 917,942
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vap/liq) 0.89 9,167 8,115
1,065.03 1,975,177
∆H= 1,286,711 Btu/hr


Step 12 ─ Final Sulfur Condenser
Assume pressure drop through the condenser: 0.2 psi
0.00 molfraction S6
1.00
0.89 mol S8
Uncondensed sulfur
= (0,0001*14.7 / (15,3 - 0,0001*14.7)) * (1065,03 - 0,89)
= 0.10 mol/hr


H@ 270 °F
H2S 4.17 1,940 8,080
CO2 159.10 2,237 355,849
H2 16.30 1,661 27,073
H2O 330.53 1,976 653,118
SO2 2.08 2,401 5,001
N2 551.98 1,663 917,942
S2 (vapor)
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vap/liq) 0.89 9,167 8,115
1,065.03 1,975,177
∆H= 1,286,711 Btu/hr


ublished in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processors Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processing industry
spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the GPA and GP
cy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-
without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to, reference to or relian
ased on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to: temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site conditions etc)
Then P= 15.3 psia
0.0001 atm
5,03 - 0,89)

e gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas Processors Asso
tary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy, or timeliness of such information. Reference herein to
articular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property.
y to, reference to or reliance on the information in this Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any other legal theory and w
rves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process conditions, fluid pr
ation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).
ormation. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, trademark, and serv
t or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
tual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
band limitations.
Incinerator
Conversion Efficiency: 97.6%
Estimate of liquid sulfur entrainment: 2%
Recovery Efficiency (allowing sulfur vapor losses and
liquid sulfur entrainment): 97.5%
Tail gas composition:

H@ 270 °F
H2S 4.17 1,940 8,080
CO2 159.10 2,237 355,849
H2 16.30 1,661 27,073
H2O 330.53 1,976 653,118
SO2 2.08 2,401 5,001
N2 551.98 1,663 917,942
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vapor) 0.10 9,167 937
Sliq (as S1) 0.13 1,129 141
1,060.21 1,968,142
Excess air, based upon combustion: 50% Outlet temperature 1000

Step 1. Calculate oxygen required for combustibles in feed gas
H2S + 1½ O2 → H2O + SO2 From Eq 22-2
∆Ĥ (32°F) = -222,700 Btu
H2 + ½ O2 → H2O
∆Ĥ (32°F) = -103,900 Btu
S1 + O2 → SO2
∆Ĥ (32°F) = -136,600 Btu
S6 + 6O2 → 6SO2
∆Ĥ (32°F) = -808,600 Btu
S8 + 8O2 → 8SO2
∆Ĥ (32°F) = -1,063,600 Btu
Exponent moles/hr
H2S: 1.5 4.17 6.25 mol/hr O2
H2: 0.5 16.30 8.15 mol/hr O2
S6 6 0.00 0.00 mol/hr O2
S8 8 0.10 0.82 mol/hr O2
S: 1 0.13 0.13 mol/hr O2
15.34 mol/hr O2
+ 50% 23.01 mol/hr O2
CH4: 2 18.05 36.09 mol/hr O2
+ 50% 54.14 mol/hr O2
77.15 mol/hr O2
Step 1(b). Calculate net heat release for fuel (assumed methane), base rate methane (Y) = 18.05
Enthalpy Difference 0 Btu/hr <== adjust Y until near zero
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O page 22-27

∆H (32°F) = -345,100 Btu/lb-mol Note: You can use the Excel Ad
value of Y that gives a zero Ent
Make sure you have Solver in y
Fuel Analysis tab. Set Objective = B
H@ 100 °F Variable F48. Solver will find Y
CH4 18.05 568 10,245
CO2
O2
N2
H2O
18.05 10,245
Air
H@ 100 °F
CH4
CO2
O2 77.15 493 38,020
N2 290.11 474 137,540
H2O 10.91 557 6,077
378.17 181,637
Combustion Products
H@ 1000 °F
H2S
CO2 177.14 10,430 1,847,590
H2
H2O 381.69 8,333 3,180,630
SO2 7.19 10,980 78,967
N2 842.09 6,932 5,837,351
S (as S1)
O2 25.72 7,404 190,410
1,433.83 11,134,948
Heat Balance
Heat In mole/hr Btu/mole Btu/hr
Feed @ 270°F 1,968,142
Air @ 100°F 181,637
Fuel @ 100°F 10,245
H2S Combustion 4.17 222,700 927,705
H2 Combustion 16.30 103,900 1,693,593
S1 Combustion 0.13 136,600 17,111
S6 Combustion 0.00 808,600 0
S8 Combustion 0.10 1,063,600 108,755
CH4 Combustion 18.05 345,100 6,227,760
11,134,948
Incinerator
Conversion Efficiency:
Estimate of liquid sulfur entrainment:
Recovery Efficiency (allowing sulfur vapor losses and
liquid sulfur entrainment):
Tail gas composition:
mol/hr
H2S 4.17
CO2 159.10
H2 16.30
H2O 330.53
SO2 2.08
N2 551.98
S6 (vapor)
S8 (vapor) 0.10
Sliq (as S1) 0.13
1,060.21
°F Excess air, based upon combustion:

Step 1. Calculate oxygen required for combustibles in feed gas
From Eq 22-2 H2S + 1½ O2 → H2O + SO2
∆Ĥ (32°F)
Eq 22-13 H2 + ½ O2 → H2O
∆Ĥ (32°F)
Eq 22-14 S1 + O2 → SO2
∆Ĥ (32°F)
Eq 22-15 S6 + 6O2 → 6SO2
∆Ĥ (32°F)
Eq 22-16 S8 + 8O2 → 8SO2
∆Ĥ (32°F)
H2S:
H2:
S6
S8
S:
+ 50%
CH4:
+ 50%
mol/hr, see note Step 1(b). Calculate net heat release for fuel (assumed methane), b
Enthalpy Difference 0
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

e: You can use the Excel Add-In Solver to find the ∆H (32°F)
ue of Y that gives a zero Enthalpy Difference.
ke sure you have Solver in your Data ribbon,
alysis tab. Set Objective = B49, Value of 0, Fuel
iable F48. Solver will find Y.
mol/hr
CH4 18.05
CO2
O2
N2
H2O
18.05
Air
mol/hr
CH4
CO2
O2 77.15
N2 290.11
H2O 10.91
378.17
Combustion Products
mol/hr
H2S
CO2 177.14
H2
H2O 381.69
SO2 7.19
N2 842.09
S (as S1)
O2 25.72
1,433.83
Heat Balance
Heat In
Feed @ 270°F
Air @ 100°F
Fuel @ 100°F
H2S Combustion
H2 Combustion
S1 Combustion
S6 Combustion
S8 Combustion
CH4 Combustion
es published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processors Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processing indu
ion spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the GPA and
uracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or n
ng without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to, reference to or re
on based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to: temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site conditions e
97.6%
2%
ng sulfur vapor losses and
97.5%
H@ 270 °F
Btu/lb-mol Btu/hr
1,940 8,080
2,237 355,849
1,661 27,073
1,976 653,118
2,401 5,001
1,663 917,942
9,167 937
1,129 141
1,968,142
50% Outlet temperature 1000 °F

quired for combustibles in feed gas
From Eq 22-2
= -222,700 Btu
Eq 22-13
= -103,900 Btu
Eq 22-14
= -136,600 Btu
Eq 22-15
= -808,600 Btu
Eq 22-16
= -1,063,600 Btu
Exponent moles/hr
1.5 4.17 6.25 mol/hr O2
0.5 16.30 8.15 mol/hr O2
6 0.00 0.00 mol/hr O2
8 0.10 0.82 mol/hr O2
1 0.13 0.13 mol/hr O2
15.34 mol/hr O2
23.01 mol/hr O2
2 18.05 36.09 mol/hr O2
54.14 mol/hr O2
77.15 mol/hr O2
t release for fuel (assumed methane), base rate methane (Y) = 18.05 mol/hr, see note
Btu/hr <== adjust Y until near zero
page 22-31
= -345,100 Btu/lb-mol Note: You can use the Excel Add-In Solver to find the
value of Y that gives a zero Enthalpy Difference.
Make sure you have Solver in your Data ribbon,
Fuel Analysis tab. Set Objective = M49, Value of 0,
H@ 100 °F Variable Q48. Solver will find Y.
Btu/lb-mol Btu/hr
568 10,245
10,245
Air
H@ 100 °F
Btu/lb-mol Btu/hr
493 38,020
474 137,540
557 6,077
181,637
Combustion Products
H@ 1000 °F
Btu/lb-mol Btu/hr
10,430 1,847,590
8,333 3,180,630
10,980 78,967
6,932 5,837,351
7,404 190,410
11,134,948
mole/hr Btu/mole Btu/hr

1,968,142
181,637
10,245
4.17 222,700 927,705
16.30 103,900 1,693,593
0.13 136,600 17,111
0.00 808,600 0
0.10 1,063,600 108,755
18.05 345,100 6,227,760
11,134,948
as a service to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas
ormation is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy, or timeliness of such information. Ref
ty, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property.
m the use, inability to, reference to or reliance on the information in this Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any other l
ions, imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process co
ited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).
ss of such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, tradem
, contract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
nto account actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
vice by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or
t dead-band limitations.
Enthalpies of Paraffin Hydrocarbons, Combustion Products and Sulfur Compounds

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
°F C 1
C 2
C3
nC 4
iC 4
nC5
nC6
N2 O2
32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
60 231.5 337.4 469.6 630.8 615.1 767.5 911.3 195.1 201.7
77 373.5 548.3 764.6 1027 1002 1249 1483 313.6 325
100 567.7 841 1176 1577 1543 1919 2280 474.1 492.8
200 1445 2216 3128 4184 4117 5094 6054 1173 1232
300 2394 3762 5345 7132 7052 8693 10340 1873 1983
400 3426 5476 7817 10410 10330 12700 15110 2577 2742
500 4548 7352 10530 13990 13920 17100 20340 3285 3508
600 5759 9380 13460 17850 17800 21850 25990 3999 4279
700 7053 11550 16590 21970 21950 26940 32030 4720 5053
800 8424 13850 19910 26330 26330 32320 38410 5449 5833
900 9867 16280 23400 30900 30930 37980 45110 6186 6616
1000 11380 18830 27050 35680 35740 43890 52100 6932 7404
1100 12950 21480 30850 40640 40730 50030 59360 7687 8197
1200 14570 24230 34780 45780 45890 56390 66860 8450 8996
1300 16260 27080 38850 51080 51220 62940 74580 9221 9800
1400 17990 30010 43030 56520 56690 69690 82520 10000 10610
1500 19770 33030 47320 62110 62290 76600 90640 10790 11430
1600 21600 36120 51710 67820 68030 83660 98940 11580 12250
1700 23480 39280 56200 73640 73870 90870 107400 12380 13080
1800 25400 42510 60770 79580 79830 98210 116000 13190 13920
1900 27360 45800 65430 85620 85880 105700 124800 14000 14760
2000 29360 49140 70160 91750 92030 113200 133700 14820 15610
2100 31415 52560 74990 98025 98315 120950 142750 15650 16470
2200 33470 55980 79820 104300 104600 128700 151800 16480 17330
2300 35600 59490 84770 110700 111000 136650 161100 17315 18200
2400 37730 63000 89720 117100 117400 144600 170400 18150 19070
2500 39920 66590 94775 123600 123950 152750 179950 18990 19950
2600 42110 70180 99830 130100 130500 160900 189500 19830 20830
2700 44355 73830 104965 136750 137150 169200 199250 20680 21725
2800 46600 77480 110100 143400 143800 177500 209000 21530 22620
2900 48900 81195 115350 150150 150550 186000 218950 22385 23520
3000 51200 84910 120600 156900 157300 194500 228900 23240 24420
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Air H2 CO CO2 H2O S2 SO2 SO3 H2S CS2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
194.5 196 195.2 244.7 228.5 215.1 263.2 337.6 225 298.5
312.6 314.8 313.9 396 367.9 346.7 425.7 547 361.8 482.2
472.6 475.6 474.5 603.6 557.1 526 648.7 835.3 547.2 733.7
1169 1173 1174 1543 1388 1319 1657 2148 1360 1862
1870 1870 1877 2534 2228 2132 2720 3541 2188 3038
2576 2565 2584 3566 3075 2960 3824 5000 3040 4255
3289 3261 3297 4635 3928 3800 4961 6516 3920 5506
4010 3956 4017 5736 4789 4650 6124 8084 4831 6786
4740 4651 4746 6868 5658 5507 7309 9699 5774 8091
5479 5346 5484 8028 6537 6372 8515 11360 6749 9417
6227 6043 6231 9215 7428 7241 9740 13050 7753 10760
6985 6741 6988 10430 8333 8116 10980 14780 8784 12120
7751 7441 7754 11660 9253 8996 12240 16550 9842 13500
8526 8144 8528 12920 10190 9881 13520 18340 10920 14890
9308 8850 9312 14200 11150 10770 14810 20160 12020 16280
10100 9561 10100 15490 12120 11660 16120 21990 13150 17690
10900 10280 10900 16800 13110 12560 17440 23850 14290 19110
11700 11000 11710 18130 14120 13460 18770 25730 15440 20530
12510 11720 12520 19470 15150 14370 20120 27630 16620 21960
13320 12450 13340 20820 16200 15280 21470 29540 17810 23400
14140 13190 14160 22180 17270 16190 22840 31460 19020 24840
14970 13940 14990 23560 18350 17110 24220 33390 20240 26280
15800 14690 15825 24945 19460 18035 25610 35345 21480 27735
16630 15440 16660 26330 20570 18960 27000 37300 22720 29190
17470 16210 17505 27735 21715 19895 28410 39270 23990 30650
18310 16980 18350 29140 22860 20830 29820 41240 25260 32110
19160 17760 19200 30555 24030 21770 31240 43220 26555 33575
20010 18540 20050 31970 25200 22710 32660 45200 27850 35040
20865 19335 20905 33400 26400 23660 34090 47200 29165 36510
21720 20130 21760 34830 27600 24610 35520 49200 30480 37980
22575 20935 22625 36270 28820 25565 36965 51210 31820 39455
23430 21740 23490 37710 30040 26520 38410 53220 33160 40930
mples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processors Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processing in
ulation spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the GPA a
accuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, o
21 22 23
COS S6 S8
0 0 0
271.8 743.2 1029
439.5 1200 1661
669.5 1826 2526
1707 4618 6384
2797 7501 10360
3930 10450 14430
5100 13440 18580
6302 16460 22780
7531 19510 27050
8786 22580 31380
10060 25670 35770
11360 28770 40210
12670 31880 44710
14000 35010 49250
15350 38150 53850
16700 41300 58470
18070 44460 63140
19450 47640 67820
20840 50820 72520
22240 54020 77230
23640 57240 81940
25050 60460 86640
26470 63710 91340
27890 66960 96040
29325 70230 100720
30760 73500 105400
32200 76795 110050
33640 80090 114700
35090 83405 119350
36540 86720 124000
38000 90050 128600
39460 93380 133200
a service to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas Pr
mation is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy, or timeliness of such information. Refere
fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement of intellectual property.
he use, inability to, reference to or reliance on the information in this Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any other lega
s, imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process cond
dited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).
ness of such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, trad
y, contract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
into account actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.
s, or service by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommenda
set-point dead-band limitations.
mply endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.

Ejercicio Cap 22 GPSA

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Ejercicio Cap 22 GPSA

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GPSA Engineering Data Book 14th Edition

REVISION DATE REASON(S) FOR REVISION

Kp = equilibrium Claus Process = a process in which 1/3 of the H2S in the

* For the low pressure, vapor phase Claus reaction

Example 22-1 -- Claus Process Calculation

al control set-point dead-band limitations.

Step 1 ─ Combustion/Reaction Section

H2S + 1½ O2 → H2O + SO2 From Eq 22-2

Percentage H2S cracking 5.6% From Western Research, Reference 41

Assume x=mols of H2S reacting

Material Balance (Combustion/Reaction Section)

Feed Gas Combustion

Assume ∆P through the burner and furnace is: 1.6 psi

=( [151,51 + x]^2[8,15 + 3/4 x]^3/2 ) / ( [183,18 - x]^2[91,59 - 1/2 x] ) * ( 1,3 / [1161,8

Heat out Reaction Products

Heat in mol/hr Btu/lb-mol Btu/hr

( π / Total Mols )(3/2 – 1)

59 - 1/2 x] ) * ( 1,3 / [1161,81 + 1/4 x] )^1/2

H2S + 1½ O2 → H2O + SO2 From Eq 22-2

Percentage H2S cracking 5.6% From Western Research, Reference 41

Assume x=mols of H2S reacting

Material Balance (Combustion/Reaction Section)

Feed Gas Combustion

Assume ∆P through the burner and furnace is: 1.6 psi

=( [151,51 + x]^2[8,15 + 3/4 x]^3/2 ) / ( [183,18 - x]^2[91,59 - 1/2 x] ) * ( 1,3 / [1161,81

Heat out Reaction Products

Heat in mol/hr Btu/lb-mol Btu/hr

( π / Total Mols )(3/2 – 1)

59 - 1/2 x] ) * ( 1,3 / [1161,81 + 1/4 x] )^1/2

oint dead-band limitations.

Step 2 ─ Waste Heat Boiler Duty

Distribution of vapor species at the given temperature, ignoring S 7

∆H= 15,258,779 Btu/hr

S2 → S6 ∆Ĥ= 122,500 ∆H= 1,588,305 Btu/hr Fig. 22-29

Total heat duty:

Note: Partial pressure of sulfur vapor

Distribution of vapor species at the given temperature, ignoring S

S2 → S6 ∆Ĥ= 122,500 ∆H=

Total heat duty:

Note: Partial pressure of sulfur vapor

Reaction Products Cooled Reaction Products

1,588,305 Btu/hr Fig. 22-29

moles) *(Total pressure)

Fig. 22-22 = 0.3 atm.

Step 3 ─ 1st Sulfur Condenser

S6 0.14 mol/hr uncondensed

Condenser Outlet Conditions

Fig. 22-30 ∆H:

Total Duty: 4,345,002 Btu/hr

S6 0.14 mol/hr uncondensed

Condenser Outlet Conditions

Fig. 22-30 ∆H:

Total Duty: 4,345,002 Btu/hr

Cumulative Removal 67.5%

Step 4 ─ 1st Reheater

Assume 20 % estimate H2S conversion to sulfur in the first catalyst bed

Reheater Heat Duty: 1,113,494 Btu/hr

Assume 20 % estimate H2S conversion to sulfu

Total sulfur as S1 vapor = 0,14* 6 + 0,81 * 8 + 0,2 * 291,08 =

Reheater Heat Duty: 1,113,494

mate H2S conversion to sulfur in the first catalyst bed

* 8 + 0,2 * 291,08 = 65.58 mol/hr vapor as S1

,58 / 1082,23 * 17,6 = 1.07 psi

3,046 8,976 1,238

514.7)) (1079,63 - 8,36)