LYCEUM-NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Tapuac District, Dagupan City

NAME: Brandon P. Dacanay DATE OF SUBMISSION: March 20, 2019

GRADE & SECTION: STEM 6 – Pharmacy

Module in General Biology 2 SCORE

Module 1 Character of living organisms…………………………………………….

Module 2 Biological Macromolecules…………………………………………………

Module 3 Membrane Transport……………………………………………………….

Module 4 Metabolism……………………………………………………………………..

Module 5 Cell to Cell Communication/Signaling………………………………..

Module 6 Mutation…………………………………………………………………………

Module 7 Viruses…………………………………………………………………………..

Module 8 Cloning…………………………………………………………………………..

Module 9 Introduction to evolution………………………………………………….

Module 10 Agartha………………………………………………………………………..

Prepared by:
ELMER JAYSON L. EDADES
Science Teacher

Approved by:
Ma. Martha Manette A. Madrid, Ed.D.
Principal, SHS
 Module 1

State the seven steps of scientific method

1. Make an Observation
2. Conduct Research
3. Form Hypothesis
4. Test Hypothesis
5. Record Data
6. Draw Conclusion
7. Communicate your results

Give the levels of organization of a living organism

ATOM MOLECULE ORGANELLE CELL TISSUE ORGAN

ORGANISM ORGAN SYSTEM

2 types of reproduction
1. Sexual
2. Asexual

Structure of Atom
1. Protons
2. Electrons
3. Neutrons

Module 2

It is the basic unit of life? Answers: Cells

Give 4 ways on how to view cells

1. Light microscopy
2. Transmission electron microscopy
3. Laser-scanning confocal microscopy
4. Structured-illumination microscopy

What are the main differences between Animal Eukaryotic and Plant Eukaryotic?
1. Nucleus are present in the Eukaryotic cells while in Prokaryotic cells, nucleus are not
present.
2. Eukaryotic cells are usually multicellular while Prokaryotic cells are usually unicellular.
3. Mitochondria are present in Eukaryotic cells while in Prokaryotic cells, mitochondria
are not present.
4. There are more than one number of chromosome present in Eukaryotic cell, while in
Prokaryotic cell there is only one- but not true chromosome; Plasmid.
 Module 3

Types of membranes transport

1. Passive transport
2. Active transport
Give the process 3 process of Passive transport
1. Diffusion
2. Osmosis
3. Facilitated Diffusion

Refers to the movement of materials out of the cell using a vesicle. Answer: Exocytosis

Refers to the movement of materials into of the cell using a vesicle. Answer: Endocytosis

3 types of Endocytosis
1. Phagocytosis
2. Pinocytosis
3. Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Module 4

It is the sum of all chemical reactions that transform energy and matter within a living
organism. Answer: Metabolism

ATP stands for? Answer: Adenosine Tri-Phosphate

3 components of ATP:
1. Ribose
2. Adenine
3. Phosphate

A process that converts solar energy into chemical energy which is usually done by
plants in day time. Answer: Photosynthesis

What are the photosynthetic parts of plants?

1. Chlorophyll
2. Leaves
3. Stroma
State the process of photosynthesis
1. When a beam of sunlight hits a green, leafy plant, the process of photosynthesis is set in
motion. The first step of photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Light photons
are absorbed by a pigment called chlorophyll, which is abundant in the thylakoid membrane of
each chloroplast.

2. After radiant energy from sunlight is absorbed, the plant converts light energy into a usable
form of chemical energy to fuel the plant’s cells.

3. The last stage of the photosynthesis process is known as the Calvin-Benson cycle, in which
the plant uses atmospheric carbon dioxide and water from soil to convert ATP and NADPH.

Module 5

Give the 3 stages of Cell Signaling

1. Reception
2. Transduction
3. Response

Is the process of cells detecting and responding to signals in the extracellular

environment. Answer: Cell Signalling

Why do cells need signalling?

1. Cells interact with each other to control metabolic processes within them.
2. The growth and differentiation of cell number is regulated

What are the two main types of Extracellular Structure?

1. Glycosaminoglycan
2. Cell Junction

A group of cells having a similar structure or function. Answer: Tissue

4 types of animal tissues:

1. Epithelial tissue
2. Connective tissue
3. Muscular tissue
4. Neural tissue

3 types of plant tissue:

1. Dermal
2. Ground
3. Vascular
  DNA stands for? Answer: Deoxyribonucleic Acid
 RNA stands for? Answer: Ribonucleic Acid
 What is Eukaryotic? 2 pts
Answer: Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus and organelles, and
are enclosed by a plasma membrane.

Module 6

____________ is a changes in the genetic materials of a cell. Answer: Mutation

What are the causes of mutations?

1. Environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation from the sun,
2. An error is made as DNA copies itself during cell division.

What the difference of mitosis to meiosis? 5pts

There are two major differences between mitosis and meiosis. First, meiosis
involves not one, but two cell divisions. Second, meiosis leads to the production of germ
cells, which are cells that give rise to gametes.

Kinds of cells that were formed in the stage of mitosis and meiosis.
1. Mitosis: Daughter cells
2. Meiosis: Sex cells (Sperm cell and Egg cell)

He has known for his great contribution in the field of science primarily on the bred pea
plants that explain the varied appearance of plants in succeeding generation.
Answer: Gregor Mendel

Give at least 3 inheritance patterns in humans

1. Human traits rarely follow strict Mendelian inheritance patterns

2.

3.
 Module 7

State the difference of Bacteria and Viruses 10pts

Bacteria
Bacteria are single-celled
microorganisms that thrive in
many different types of
environments. Some varieties
live in extremes of cold or heat.
Others make their home in
people's intestines, where they
help digest food. Most bacteria
cause no harm to people, but
there are exceptions.
Viruses
Viruses are even smaller than
bacteria and require living hosts
— such as people, plants or
animals — to multiply.
Otherwise, they can't survive.
When a virus enters your body,
it invades some of your cells and
takes over the cell machinery,
redirecting it to produce the
virus.

What is HIV and AIDS?, how can this viruses affects the human lives? 10pts

Answer: HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is the virus that can lead
to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS, if not treated. Unlike some other
viruses, the human body can’t get rid of HIV completely, even with treatment. So once
you get HIV, you have it for life.

AIDS: AIDS is the most severe phase of HIV infection. People with AIDS have such
badly damaged immune systems that they get an increasing number of severe illnesses,
called opportunistic infections.

Module 8
What is cloning?
Answer: In biology, cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically
identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or
plants reproduce asexually.

What are the advantages cloning?

1. It removes the barrier of infertility.
2. It could extend human life capabilities.

What can you say about human cloning? Are you in favor of? 10 pts
Answer: For me, cloning is good for it creates great contribution in the medicinal field.
There are a lot of advantages we can find in cloning. One good example is that cloning
doesn’t need to involve making a whole new person. Imagine if a person has a failing
liver. What if the cells of the liver could be cloned so that a new liver could be created
and then transplanted? It would be an easy way to solve the organ scarcity issue that
currently exists. The process of cloning could also be used to repair or grow new cells
to replace damaged or missing ones, which could treat illnesses and genetic disorders.

Module 9
He is the father of modern biology and known for his controversial study of evolution.
Answer: Charles Darwin

It refers to the changes in the frequency of different alleles in a population of

organisms over time. Answer: Evolution

Give the 3 evidences of evolution:

1. Anatomy. Species may share similar physical features because the feature
was present in a common ancestor.
2. Fossils. Fossils document the existence of now-extinct past species that are
related to present-day species.
3. Molecular biology. DNA and the genetic code reflect the shared ancestry of
life. DNA comparisons can show how related species are.

Explain briefly the theory of evolution by means of natural selection 10 pts

In 1859, Charles Darwin set out his theory of evolution by natural selection as an
explanation for adaptation and speciation. He defined natural selection as the "principle
by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved".