Viruses

Instructor: Ms. Jeremy Pomar

Subject: Science

Class: Grade 9A

Time: 8:30-9:30 a.m.

I Objectives;

At the end of the lesson the students are expected to;

a. identify virus and it’s parts

b. distinguish virus and bacteria
c. draw a picture of a virus

II Subject Matter

A. Topic: Viruses

B. References:

 Exploring Life through Science by Ferriols-Pavico, et al. pp.118-119

 www.angelfire.com

C. Materials:

 Virus Model  Bond Papers

 Pencil  Art Materials

 Projector

D. Concepts:

a. Viruses are infectious agents made up of nucleic acids (RNA or DNA) that
enclosed in a protein coat called as CAPSID. A virus found outside the cell is
called as VIRION, which can inert particles that cannot grow and undergo
biosynthetic or biochemical activity. Viruses are submicroscopic particles with
sizes ranging from 20-300 nanometers, appearing as either helical or
icosahedral in shape.
 The Virus Structure

Comparison Chart

Bacteria Virus

Ribosomes Present Absent

Cell wall Peptidoglycan/lipopolysaccharid No cell wall. Protein coat

e present instead.

Opinions differ on whether

Living attributes Living organism viruses are a form of life or
organic structures that
interact with living
organisms.

Number of cells Unicellular; one cell No cells; not living

Nucleus No No

DNA or RNA floating freely in DNA or RNA enclosed

Structures cytoplasm. Has cell wall and cell inside a coat of protein.
membrane.
Treatment Antibiotics Vaccines prevent the spread
and antiviral medications
help to slow reproduction but
cannot stop it completely.

Enzymes Yes Yes, in some.

Virulence Yes Yes

Infection Localized Systematic

Viruses are not beneficial;

Benefits Some bacteria are beneficial (e.g. However, a particular virus
certain bacteria are required in may be able to destroy brain
the gut) tumors. Viruses can be useful
in genetic engineering.

Invades a host cell and takes

Reproduction Fission- a form of asexual over the cell causing it to
reproduction. make copies of the viral
DNA/RNA. Destroy the host
cell releasing new viruses.

Size Larger (1000 nm) Smaller (20-400 nm)

E. 21st Century Skills:

 Creativity
 Cooperativeness

F. Subject Integration:

 MAPEH
 Values Education

G. Values Integration:
  Taking care of their selves
 Valuing their health

III. Procedure

A. Preliminaries

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

a. Greetings:

“Good morning class!” “Good Morning ma’am!”

b. Opening Prayer:

“Josephine, please lead the prayer.” Josephine: “Let us put ourselves in the
presence of the Lord. In the name of the Father
and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Praise be
the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.”

Others: “Now and Forever, Amen.”

All: “In the name of the Father and of the Son

and of the Holy Spirit Amen.”

“Please all be seated”

c. Checking of attendance:

“May I check the, please say present if you are “Present”

here.”

d. Checking of preparation:

“Does every group bring on the things I’d told “Yes ma’am”
you yesterday”

“Okay that’s good”

B. Motivation
 Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

“Our topic for today is all about this”

(Teacher will present the model of the virus to

the class)”

“So who can tell me what is this. And why do Aldrin: “Mini robot ma’am because it looks
you think so? Yes Aldrin?’ like one.’

“Okay thank you Aldrin. How about you Richard: “Virus ma’am because of its
Richard?” structure.”

“Thank you Richard. So Richard is right, this

really a virus.”

C. Lesson Proper

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

“So what are we going to do the whole period?

First is we should learn to define a virus, its
characteristics and parts. Secondly, we should
distinguish a virus from a living cell. And “Yes ma’am”
lastly you should draw a virus. So in the last
where you are going to use your assignment
okay? Is everything clear?”

(The teacher will flash pictures)

“Class, what do you think is the agent that Eunice: “Virus ma’am”
causes the conditions in the pictures? Yes
Eunice?”

“Is it correct class?” “Yes ma’am”

“Okay that’s correct. It is true that disease like
polio, hepatitis and dengue are viruses. That’s
why those are called as viral diseases.”

“So what is a virus? Yes jenny kindly read.” Jenny: “A virus is an infectious agent which is
made up of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) that
enclosed in a protein called as CAPSID.”

“Very well said. Jenny is correct class that a

virus has a protein coat which is called a capsid
where the nucleic acid is enclosed.”

‘Do virus consider as living things? Why? Yes
Christopher?”
Christopher: “It depend ma’am because when a
virus is found outside the cell it is just an inert
particle and has no capacity to biosynthesis.
But when it is already inject its genetic
material in a living cell it is already considered
as living.”

“Yes very well said. Christopher is correct. A

virus is considers non-living when it is found
outside the cell because it is just an inert
particle which cannot biosynthesis meaning
cannot perform the basic chemical process that
a living cell can, while it successfully inject it’s
genetic material to a living cell it is already
living because it can already use all the
organelles of a cell and produce a new
viruses.”

“Any question for that?” “None ma’am”

“Let’s come now to the comparison of a virus

and bacteria.”
(The teacher will pose a chart in the board)

“What do you understand in the chart? Yes Michelle: “The virus and bacteria are both not
Michelle?” having nucleus.’

“Very good observation, who else? Yes Vith?” Vith: “bacteria reproduced by fission while the
virus is through invading a living cell.’

“That’s correct, last one. Yes Jessa?” Jessa: “Some of the bacteria are beneficial
while viruses are not.”

“Also true. Thank you everyone. Let us come

now to the activity.”

Activity:

“Let’s have our activity. Class, get your art

materials and proceed to your respective
groups.”

Instruction:

“Does everyone in their groups already settle?

Draw anything that can represent a virus for “Yes ma’am.”
you and choose a volunteer that will present
your work to the class. Everything’s clear?”

“So you can start now”

After the Activity:

“Okay class I will give five minutes for each

group for their presentation.”
 (A representative will present their outputs per
group)

‘So who can give a generalization for what we Marie: “A virus can be considered as a bounder
had discussed today. Any volunteer? Yes between living and non-living because of its
Marie?” special capabilities.”

“So that is true, it can be considered as a

boundary between living and non-living
because it can be classified either of the two.”

“Are there any questions before I end my “None ma’am”

lecture?’

IV Evaluation

Identification:

1. These are infectious agents made up of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)

2. It is the protein coat where the DNA or RNA of a virus being enclosed.

3. It is an inert particle that cannot grow and undergo biosynthetic or biochemical activity.

4-5. Give two diseases that are cause by a viruses.

6-7. Give two characteristics of a virus.

8-10. Discuss the difference of the virus and a living cell

11-15 label the parts of the virus.