Results

BALANCE
Table 1. Density measurements using the balance
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
A - Initial vol. of water (mL) 10 10 10
B - Mass of solid added (g) 10.012 10.0335 10.0179
C - Added vol. of water (mL) 25 25 25
D - Final vol. reading (mL) 39.5 40.5 40.5
Density of the solid (g/mL) (B/(D-A-C)) 2.224889 1.824273 1.82143636
average density 1.956866
PYCNOMETER
Table 2. Pycnometer calibration data
Temp. of distilled water (°C) 31 31 31
Average temp. (°C) 31
E - Density of water (g/mL)* 0.99534
*Refer to the appendix for the density of water
at various temperatures.

Dry mass of pycnometer 27.6723

27.6721
27.6723
Dry mass of pycnometer (Aaverage) 27.67223
Table 3.
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
F - Dry mass of pycnometer 27.6722
G - Mass of filled pycnometer 52.6748 52.6553 52.6691
Water in pycnometer (g)(G – F) 25.0026 24.9831 24.9969
Vol. of pycnometer (G – F)/E 25.11966 25.10007 25.1139309
H - Calibrated volume of the pycnometer (mL) 25.11122

Table 4. Determination of density of 10% v/v acetic acid

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
F - Dry mass of pycnometer 27.6722
I - Mass of filled pycnometer 52.9795 52.9585 52.9889
Soln. in pycnometer (g) (I – F) 25.3073 25.2863 25.3167
H - Calibrated volume (mL) 25.11122
Density of solution (I – F)/H 1.007809 1.006972 1.00818287
Average density (g/mL) 1.007655

Table 5. Determination of density of 1 M NaCl

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
F - Dry mass of pycnometer 27.6722
J - Mass of filled pycnometer 53.6582 53.6502 53.658
Soln. in pycnometer (g) (J – F) 25.986 25.978 25.9858
H - Calibrated volume (mL) 25.11122
Density of solution (J – F)/H 1.034836 1.034518 1.03482833
Average density (g/mL) 1.034727

Table 6. Density measurement of a particulate solid using a pycnometer

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
F - Dry mass of pycnometer 27.6722
H - Calibrated volume (mL) 25.11122
K - Mass of solid + water + pycnometer 58.8344 58.8731 58.8258
L - Mass of pan
M - Mass of pan and dry solids
Mass of solids (M–L) 9.9709 10.0642 10.009

water density at 32 0.995029

K - Mass of solid + water +
pycnometer 58.8344 58.8731 58.8258
Mass of solids (M–L) 9.9709 10.0642 10.009
mass solid+ water 31.1622 31.2009 31.1536
mass water 21.1913 21.1367 21.1446
dilution ratio 2.125315 2.100187 2.112559
pulp density 1.240967 1.242508 1.240625
SG pulp 1.247167 1.248716 1.246822
SG solid 2.627312 2.614285 2.605292
Density solid 2.614252 2.60129 2.592342
% solid by mass 31.44661 31.70635 31.57591
average density of solid 2.602628

Order of solutions:

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝐷=
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑠
𝜌𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑝
𝑆𝐺𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑝 =
𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑡

1
𝑆𝐺𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑠 =
𝐷+1
𝑆𝐺𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑝 − 𝐷

𝐷+1
Derived from 𝑆𝐺𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑝 = 1
𝐷+
𝑆𝐺𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑠

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑠 + 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝜌𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑝 =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑠 + 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝜌𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑠 = (𝑆𝐺𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑠 )(𝜌𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝.𝑡 )

𝜌𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑠 (𝜌𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑝 − 1)
% 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 𝑥 100%
𝜌𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑝 (𝜌𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑠 − 1)