Philippine National Police

History

Originating from a merging of the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police,
the Philippine National Police (PNP) is the civilian national police force of the Philippines. The
following brief history of the PNP and the organizational structure that it holds today.

Historical highlights

The Philippine National Police (PNP) originated from the Philippine Constabulary or the PC, which
was inaugurated on August 8, 1901, establishing it as an insular police force under the American
regime. On August 8, 1975, Presidential Decree no. 765 was issued, establishing the Philippine
Constabulary Integrated National Police or the PC/INP as the country’s national police force.
These fragmented and diverse local police units were integrated into a national police force with
the Philippine Constabulary as its nucleus.

After the People’s Revolution in 1986, a new Constitution was promulgated providing for a police
force, which is “national in scope and civilian in character.” Consequently, Republic Act No. 6975
entitled, “An Act Establishing the Philippine National Police under a Reorganized Department of
the Interior and Local government (DILG),” was signed into law on December 13, 1990, which
took effect on January 1, 1991. Subsequently, the PNP was operational on January 29, 1991,
whose members were formerly the PC and the INP and the absorption of the selected members
from the major service units of the Armed Forces of the Philippines such as the Philippine Air
Force Security Command, the Philippine Coast Guard, Philippine Navy, and the Philippine Army.
Thus, to further strengthen the PNP into a highly efficient and competent police force, Republic
Act No. 8551 entitled “PNP Reform and the Reorganization Act of 1998” was enacted on February
17, 1998, amending certain provisions of Republic Act No. 6975.

Relationship to the DILG

Pursuant to Republic Act No. 6975 as amended by Republic Act No. 8551, The PNP in
under the administrative control and operational supervision of the National Police
Commission. Meanwhile, the NAPOLCOM is an attached agency of the Department of
the Interior and Local Government for policy and program coordination. The Secretary of
the Interior and Local government is mandated to be the Ex- Officio Chairman of
NAPOLCOM.

Organizational structure
1. The PNP Command Group is headed by the Chief PNP who is vested with the power to
command and direct the PNP. He is also assisted by two Deputies assigned to
the administration of the PNP and one for operations side.
2. The Chief of the Directorial Staff serves as the Chief Operations Officer of the PNP. He
coordinates, supervises, and directs the Directorial Staff and the PNP units in the
performance of their respective functions.

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3. The Internal Affairs Service (IAS) is headed by a Inspector General who assists the Chief
PNP in ensuring operational readiness and investigates infractions of the regulations
committed by the members of the PNP.
4. The Human Rights Affairs Office (HRAO)is headed by a senior police commissioned
officer who serves as a manager of the facility that will supervise the implementation of
the guidelines and policies on human rights laws.
5. The Center for Police Strategy Management (CPSM) serves as the Central facility of the
PNP in coordinating and integrating all strategy management processes, sustaining its
strategy execution and management, and instilling in the organization a culture of
strategy focus.
6. The Directorial Staff is composed of 16 directorates. Every Director in each unit has also
his defined function in line with his specialization as follows:
o The Directorate for Personnel and Records Management (DPRM). The director
optimizes the utilization of personnel resources both from the PNP- uniformed
and non- uniformed personnel.
o The Directorate for Intelligence (DI). The director manages the
gathering/collating of intelligence objectives through effective management of all
intelligence and counter-intelligence activities of the PNP. He also serves as the
linkage of all foreigners with official transactions with the chief PNP.
o The Directorate for Operations (DO). The director exercises the command, the
control, the direction, the coordination and the supervision of all activities on PNP
operations such as deployment and employment of personnel.
o The Directorate for Logistics (DL). The director administers and manages material
resources needed for the PNP operations.
o The Directorate for Plans (DPL). The director plans and programs strategic PNP
operations. He also represents the PNP in the inter-agency and international
affairs on peace and order.
o The Directorate for Comptrollership (DC). The director administers and manages
the fiscal financial resources.
o The Directorate for Police-Community Relations (DPCR). The director formulates
and implements community –related activities, programs and projects. He also
supervises the PNP Salaam Police Center to undertake close monitoring,
networking and liaisoning activities with the Muslim communities in addressing
terrorism and lawless violence in their respective areas to guarantee that the
Muslims are not discriminated, oppressed or singled-out.
o The Directorate for Investigation and Detective Management (DIDM). The
director coordinates. Controls and supervises all investigation activities.
o The Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development (DHRDD). The
director formulates policies on matters pertaining to human resources and
doctrine development.
 The Directorate for Research and Development (DRD). The director engages in research
and development and does testing and evaluation of self-reliant projects.

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  The Directorate for Information and Communications Technology Management
(DICTM). The director integrates and standardizes all the PNP information systems and
resources to further improve the frontline services.
 Five (5) Directorates for Integrated Police Operations (DIPOs). The Directors of the
clustered areas for Integrated Police Operations, namely: Eastern Mindanao, Western
Mindanao, Visayas, Southern and Northern Luzon are given the responsibility to direct
and to supervise the conduct of integrated anti-criminality, internal security, counter-
terrorism operations, to promote inter-operability with the Armed Forces of the
Philippines, and to provide a system to promote regional socio-economic development.
7. There are 23 National Support Units of the PNP. Eleven (11) of which are administrative
while twelve (12) are operational in nature. The eleven Administrative Units are as
follows:
 Logistics Support Service (LSS).
 Information Technology Management Service (ITMS).
 Finance Service (FS).
 Health Service (HS)..
 Communications and Electronics Service (CES).
 Chaplain Service (CHS).
 Legal Service (LS).
 Headquarters Support Service (HSS).
 Engineering Service( ES).
 Training Service (TS). and
 PNP Retirement and Benefits Administration Service (PRBS).

The twelve (12) operational support units and their respective functions are as follows:

 Maritime Group (MG). This group is responsible to perform all police functions over
Philippine Territorial waters, lakes, and rivers along coastal areas to include ports and
harbors and small islands for the security and the sustainability development of the
maritime environment.
 Intelligence Group (IG). This group serves as the intelligence and counter-intelligence
operating unit of the PNP.
 Police Security and Protection Group (PSPG). This group provides security to government
vital installations, government officials, visiting dignitaries and private individuals
authorized to be given protection.
 Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG). This group monitors, investigates,
prosecutes all crimes involving economic sabotage, and other crimes of such magnitude
and extent as to indicate their commission by highly placed or professional criminal
syndicates and organizations. It also conducts organized- crime –control, all major cases
involving violations of the revised penal Code, violators of SPECIAL LAWS assigned to them
such as Anti-hijacking, Anti-Carnapping and Cyber crimes among others and atrocities
committed by Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)/New People’s Army
(NPA)/National Democratic Front (NDF).

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  Special Action Force (SAF). This group is a mobile strike force or a reaction unit to
augment regional , provincial, municipal and city police force for civil disturbance control,
internal security operations, hostage-taking rescue operations, search and rescue in times
of natural calamities, disasters and national emergencies and other special police
operations such as ant-hijacking, anti-terrorism, explosives and ordnance disposal. On a
special note, the PNP Air Unit is placed under the supervision of SAF.
 Aviation Security Group (AVEGROUP). This group provides security to all airports
throughout the country.
 Highway Patrol Group (HPG). This group enforces the traffic laws and regulations,
promote safety along the highways, enhances traffic safety consciousness through inter-
agency cooperation concerning Police Traffic Safety Engineering, Traffic Safety Education
and Traffic Law enforcement functions and develops reforms in the crime prevention
aspect against all forms of lawlessness committed along National Highway involving the
use of motor vehicles.
 Police-Community Relations Group (PCRG). This group undertakes and orchestrates
Police Community Relations program and activities in partnership with concerned
government agencies, the community, and volunteer organizations in order to prevent
crime and attain a safe and peaceful environment.
 Civil Security Group (CSG). This group regulates business operations and activities of all
organized private detectives, watchmen, security guards/agencies and company guard
forces. It also supervises the licensing and registration of firearms and explosives.
 Crime Laboratory (CL). This group provides scientific and technical, investigative aide and
support to the PNP and other investigative agencies. It also provides crime laboratory
examination, evaluation and identification of physical evidence gathered at the crime
scene with primary emphasis on medical, biological and physical nature.
 PNP Anti-Kidnapping Group (PNP-AKG). This Group serves as the primary unit of the PNP
in addressing kidnapping menace in the country and in handling hostage situations. And
 PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group (PNP- ACG). This Group is responsible for the
implementation of pertinent laws on cybercrimes and anti-cybercrime campaigns of the
PNP.
8. For the main PNP operating units, there are seventeen (17) Police Regional Offices
nationwide which correspond to the Regional subdivisions of the country. Directly under
the Police Regional Offices are seventeen (17) Regional Public Safety Battalions (RPSB),
eighty (80) Police Provincial Offices which correspond to the number of Provinces in the
country and twenty (20) City Police Offices (CPOs) in highly urbanized and independent
cities , which are equivalent to a Provincial Police Office.
The Police Provincial Offices have their respective Provincial Public Safety Companies (PPSC)
which is utilized primarily for internal security operations (ISO). The number of platoons in a
Provincial Public Safety Company is dependent on the existing peace and order situation in the
province concerned.
Finally, a total of 1,766 Police Stations are established nationwide and they are categorized as
follows: 90 Component City Police Stations and 1,507 Municipal Police Stations under the Police
Provincial Offices, 131 Police Stations under the City Police Offices, and 38 Police Stations/City

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Police Stations in the National Capital Regional Police Office which serve as the main operating
arms of the PNP for the anti-criminality campaign.

PNP rank Classification (Old to New Rank) AFP rank

Commissioned Officers
Commissioned Officers
 Director General-Police General  General
 Deputy Director General-Police Lieutenant General  Lieutenant General
 Director to Police Major General  Major General
 Chief Superintendent-Police Brigadier General  Brigadier General
 Senior Superintendent-Police Colonel
 Colonel
 Superintendent-Police Lieutenant Colonel
 Lieutenant Colonel
 Chief Inspector-Police Major
 Major
 Senior Inspector-Police Captain
 Captain
 Inspector-Police Lieutenant
 1st and 2nd Lieutenant
Non- Commissioned Officers Non- Commissioned Officers

 Senior Police Officer IV-Police Executive Master Sergeant  Master Sergeant

 Senior Police Officer III-Police Chief Master Sergeant  Technical Sergeant
 Senior Police Officer II-Police Senior Master Sergeant  Staff Sergeant
 Senior Police Officer I-Police Master Sergeant  Sergeant
 Police Officer III-Police Staff Sergeant  Corporal
 Police Officer II-Police Corporal  Private 1st class
 Police Officer I-Patrolman/Patrolwoman  Private

PNP Recruitment process

SEQUENTIAL PROCESS

Step 1: Pre-assessment

1. Apply Online following this link www.recruitment.pnp-dprm.com, fill-up all fields and
attach necessary documents for Pre-assessment and Evaluation.
2. Wait for advise.

Step 2: Initial Screening

1. The applicant will be notified that he/she passed the Pre-assessment and will be
required to submit the necessary documents: ⌐ NSO issued Birth Certificate ⌐
Certificate of Eligibility ⌐ Transcript of Records/Diploma ⌐ 2 Valid Identification
Cards with Picture
2. The Recruitment Officer shall conduct a face to face interview to observe demeanor,
physical appearance and to initially evaluate the accuracy of the information indicated
in his/her Online Police Application based on the available supporting documents.

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3. The Recruitment Officer shall conduct the initial measurement of height and weight in
the presence of HS and NAPOLCOM representative. Those who failed to meet the height,
weight and age requirement shall not be allowed to proceed but instead will be included
in the waiting list , to be referred to NAPOLCOM for the grant of waiver incase the
number of applicants falls short of the approved quota.
4. The Recruitment Officer shall initially conduct visual physical inspection for presence
of large tattoos and noticeable physical deformities.
5. Physical Agility Test (PAT) – This test is given to determine whether an applicant
possess the required coordination, strength and speed of movement necessary in the
police service. Passing the PAT only indicates the minimum physical ability required to

undertake the police training. The applicant shall pass all PAT events as follows:
The PAT shall be done sequentially from 1 to 3 and not in any order. For female bench
push-up, the height of the bench shall be 2 feet measured vertically from the ground
level and applicants shall be rated “Passed or Failed” only. Absolutely, there shall be no
retake of the PAT or any of the events within the same recruitment cycle.
6. Submission of Documentary Requirements – kindly -[click here]-for the list.

Step 3: Screening Proper

1. Psychiatric and Psychological Examination (PPE) – Psychological Evaluation consists
of an individual oral interview and evaluation of behavior especially even under stress
which are commonly related to the job of a police officer. The evaluated information
includes the written psychological tests as well as the background findings. Aft er this
step, passer may undergo drug test.
2. Physical, Medical and Dental Examination (PMDE) – The medical evaluation is
comprehensive thus, it is essential that an applicant is in good shape. After this step,
passer may undergo drug test.
3. Drug Test (DT) – All applicants shall be subjected to random drug test anytime after
passing the PPE. Applicants for Drug Test shall also be identified by designated code
numbers.
4. Complete Background Investigation (CBI) – This investigation includes employment,
police, financial, education, and military background as well as interview with family
members, neighbors, supervisors, co-workers, friends and connections with dubious
people.
“The CBI shall be conducted to all PPE passers. The validation of the CBI results shall
continue during the 1 year probationary period.”
5. Final Committee Deliberation (FCD) – The Screening Committee will consolidate,
evaluate and review the results of the selection process. Any applicant can be
summoned for appearance by the Screening Committee for clarification and
confirmation, if necessary. If an applicant passed all stages of the selection process, they
will now be called “Candidates” for appointment.

Step 4: Oath-Taking and Processing of Appointments

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 1. The Attestation Section of the Recruitment Office shall prepare the Attestation Folder
of the Candidates for Appointment and shall also prepare the KSS Porma Blg. 33 to be
submitted to CSC.
2. The Appointing Authority shall issue the appropriate Appointment Orders. The Ord ers
shall identify the candidates in alphabetical order indicating their address together with
the Badge Numbers and PNP Personnel Identificatioon Numbers (PPINs).
3. The Oath-taking shall be scheduled immediately but not earlier than the issuance and
effectivity of the appointments.

PNP Age Of retirement

 56 or 20 years of service in PNP-Optional age of retirement
 60-Compulsary age of retirement
Age of criminal liability
 Here in Philippines is 15 years old.(R.A. no. 9344 sec.6)
RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED
THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES – ARTICLE III
Before Criminal Prosecution: (before arraignment)
o Right to due process (Sec. 14(1))
o Custodial rights (Sec. 12)
o Right to be informed of his rights
o Right to remain silent
o Right to counsel
o Right to bail (Sec. 13)
o Right to speedy disposition of his case (Sec. 16)
o Right of free access to the courts

During Criminal Prosecution: (after arraignment up to promulgation of judgment)

o Right to presumption of innocence (Sec. 14(2))
o Right to be heard by himself and counsel (Sec. 14(2))
o Right to be informed of the nature and cause of accusation against him (Sec. 14(2))
o Right to have speedy, impartial and public trial (Sec. 14(2))
o Right to confrontation (Sec. 14(2))
o Right to have compulsory process to secure attendance of witnesses and production of
evidence on his behalf (Sec. 14(2))
o Right against self-incrimination (Sec. 17)
o Right against double jeopardy (Sec. 21)
o 9.Right against ex-post facto law and bill of attainder (Sec. 22)

After Conviction:
o Right against excessive fines and cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment (Sec. 19)

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 References;
1. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph ›
2. https://www.pna.gov.ph › articles PNP implements law modifying rank classification
| Philippine News Agency
3. https://dprm.pnp.gov.phPDFrecruitment process – PNP
4. https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/12/09/age of retirement

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 Philippine
Policing System

Submitted to: Ma'am Zera F. Mating Rcrim

Submitted by: Lachaona, Kervie Jay C.

Year And Section: BSCRIM 1-G