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UNIFORM FLOW
Involves selection of channel alignment, shape, size,
and bed slope and whether the channel should be
lined to reduce seepage and/ or to prevent the erosion of
channel sides and bottom.
General requirements for channel design
Capable of transporting water (based on design
discharge between two points safely
Cost Effective
Design for
Lined Channel (non erodible)
Unlined Channel (erodible) 1
.
.
.
.
Channel .
Design
. .
.
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Channel capacity
Irrigation
transportation
Channel Alignment
Available
dimensions Channel
land Topography
width Design
Slope
Cost
Lined or Types of
effective
unlined ? soil Costt
Types of
lining Environmental
shape
friendly
velocity Roughness coefficient
HAVE YOU EVER
SEEN A ‘RIVER’
OVER A RIVER?
This is engineering !!
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This is a Magdeburg canal-bridge over the River Elbe and joins
the former East and West Germany .
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Magdeburg Canal Bridge
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LINED (NON ERODIBLE)
CHANNEL
Factors to be considered
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LINING MATERIAL
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BED AND SIDES SLOPES
The channel bed slope generally determined by
Topography
Head required to carry the design flow
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CHANNEL ALIGNMENT
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FREEBOARD
It is a vertical distance between the water surface to the
top of the channel.
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FREEBOARD
Suggested Freeboard (After Ranga Raju [1983])
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MINIMUM PERMISSIBLE
VELOCITY
As a general guide
Average velocity from 0.61 to 0.91 m/s will
prevent sedimentation when the % of silt present
is small
Velocity of 0.76 m/s to prevent vegetation growth
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BEST EFFECTIVE SECTION
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BEST EFFECTIVE SECTION
A B zy y y 1
P B
2y z
Sin
B
P
A
y
zy 2 y z 2 1 1 / 2
dP A
z 2( z 2 1)1 / 2 0
dy y2
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BEST EFFECTIVE SECTION
A 2 1/ 2
+ z = 2 ( z + 1)
y2
( B + zy ) y + zy 2 2 1/ 2
= 2 ( z + 1)
y2
By + 2zy 2
= y( z 2 + 1)1 / 2
2y
B + 2zy
= y( z 2 + 1)1 / 2
2
½ T = Length of one side slope
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MASMA (2000) GUIDELINES - BRIEF
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4 4
*Minor drainage system designed to convey minor flood flows from roads, properties and open space and convey them to major drainage system
# Major drainage system designed to collect flow from minor drainage system and to convey safely larger flow up to major design storm
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