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&lcbnl fnglish: Sorne longuoge but dif{ereni {pxij

Foting I, ;.-,', i
poge i 8

0rinking
Page 22 I i..;,,

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$unctinn globaily: loiirry aut Writing: A deseriplion of flod arul driak

Glsbsl vaieer: Food N&al rockes you *lrink of henne \pt/ l $*udy skiik: $voiunting your la*gucge leurning {p2e}
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poge 34

tunriion gl*bally: Agr*eing *nd di*cgreeing

{p331
Globcl Erglirh: the power ol nrrsi* I^eol {paol
ipal)
lrir,, r:t:::,.:tj ,:i::i1 I tl.r.lr:-
i{opes :'i :!:1:-:: -:i:a; t:i:t;,
page 42

O t,.:",i,:r:i.::'::,.)/.ii

$unttior globolly: fi4oking ol{ers ond decisions {p50} Wriiirg: An enroil ?o c friexd ip52)
Giobal voiees: Reasons why people leorn English {p5l } Study:kills: Uring yor:r dicfinnury: {inding the right e*try {pJ3J

Work
poge 5d

teisure a),,...: a.i )a ::,a: -!:.::. : :.. | 1.. :.

poge 58 .t i:.\i.: :a..;,:!t .a:a.l-j'
lPl 'r :::';:l:
{P) l
fun*iongloboily: Turn-tuking lp62) Wr;ling: leisure time I^ <Ol
Giohol [ngli:h: ANI work and no ploy {p63)
ACV {p6a}
Study skilk: Rerording new words und phru:er

rv -;xlend your va{sbuhry @ - Pronuncirlion

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9cienee 'nl!cl'!
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poge 66
Di:n,g+ii.:+s ;"{nowi+d0+ itilj
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Technology i'if1s3i
uerl,n iirrc clj4.i! li:€ L rijijii?:j i!731 (--'7 t i Pi;ia-i,it vei.ils ip i-':i l,4cdr:rn :+{j;ln*io!i' ia; i iJl
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poge 70
I'jailttr-ii:i. !.c3lein.a O intasa; vqriis, si:niei:Lre
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t,*t'2j

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Glohnl vsker: lhe rnasl importont lerhnologieol odvonre {p75} Sludy skills: Personolising hnguage leorning tp77\
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llme A'!a!i: ;l Tritt Ciiies i:y Tir;:a,j e/:f ressitrts if )8t) it rs tie li€si a-'f iln:en beia'":s€
page 78
ira::ei ;ri:k0nEi ii.ri.,rl l .. lP8i t

@ i:ri ard ''er',

st:r:3n3e st;+is ip3c)

1'cs*ili peijcai \tirlit }?i A !iie.r'r* i-ii iir;iirci:ri '.i \,o' i.)€scril:-jilii ijrtl u r-e: iai8li;
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poge 82 =rrr:
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rc
l;i-r3)
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tuntlion glohdly: Shopping in o mor&et {p861 W.ifing: Giving your opinion {p88i
Glohol fnglish: The Gngli:h lnnguuge olrd lhe number {olr {p87} Study skills: Monoging your sludy lime tpse)
:;59,,-: ,r,i_p ,; 1j 1 uralr Srri{er's ,iacLrl2 il}1't.\ Farnli:s rlr-;ies i,-.ilrjj . An;ira;s ip|lz) A 1;tu. o,t _ycLri iicni* it-1sa)
llome Tii .ai came irac( 1!!2i =reoai-i]i!+ir:r cl r fi lvcin€ni Aniilai_s iiri?2)
page 90 ir;$3)
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fV frairst inai hr:n:a ititAj
firsl conC;iiofral ip!5i Ti'aviii .ju:ceila'clr.s { il!14; C.il/srsaiiairs niill Adjeatrires afid Bea.ih rescris lpgi)
:iavei i;uice:r iirG,l) pr;;;lsiiiors ip!ilj
;€'.ya rooaii;cr.ia.l ip!7) 1lt.: E.:e.i1 by Aiex iiliiiand D:rsci-ibiri,J lirotos ipgeJ
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poge 94 ip0,'1
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O ::t-iencur .ii.ess i,r97)

rc Heslth
Funrlion globclly: Speoking on the telephore

Globol vokes:

j.laciili verls ci aiivii;r:

ir lCll)
Homes where you live

i',iilesi.,f ras fl: allaieiai

lxeil.;ir: i: ]tJ.ltl
{pe8)
{p991
Writing:
Srdy
;3:k ar ihe
A didogue
A deseripiion o{ o town

skills; learning word: whh prepeiiliont

.ol.rrcri i:eei:ng ili {l.r1l2l
c.ic i! i 02) iv1*r1irai jrrilir:,.ej.ti ii: l 14)
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{p100)
{pl0l
}

l'he cl'rr;:icir cclci iptflt

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Fitnes$ cicr:or',: ip1C8i
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poge 06 i*i
1
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rc tlew
lunttionglobollyr Destrihingifiness
Globcl Englhh: Spottt English

Ll?ii:rirai tsi:rti\.,* claLises

ipi lll
Era..,e l',!et',t
1.,,1=:,i/eli iiJ i i,rL;
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{pt 10}
{plli}
t:.i f,.q..i
Wriling:
Sludy

Int-ryie\'."/
skills:
o! r:!-l H?i-It'
A skk note
An online posl

Using your ditlionory: erploring tollocolions

:'!ew,roail:l iri aot: i{l;ii

{p103}
{p1
{pl I3}
l2}

ri-}Xoljs qlr.i+s !i,1 I ,;j

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poge 1 14 i! i 161 Ev V'\iora,ls inal Eeiln fe!'l
ipiIi;l
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old lv V\.I|]r{is ihal Frea;"1 Ai:i,;td gi.me (pi 21.

.aake !{::2C')
poge I IU @ iL:irs,:nent cl*se's :
(il :l*,,:-ni" si.es: =-:
iir:a,aatioii iO121 :

funttion globclly: lading o ronversolion {p122} Wriling: Deliftiliorrs g{tre {pl l5}
A report or sludics fpl2a)
Globul voites: Your fovourife wor*rin English {pl 23}
slillsr Evaluoting your pronuruiction
Study {pl25}

(ornrnunirction adivitiesl Additionul muterici: {p130} Grommorforus: (pl3?l Audiorript: (p152|

Student A: {pl?6} Sfudenl B: {pl28J
::t-"

Contents :+:=
 Fqil l

*!'
V***$x*$*ry K*##[n* qS

$ Look at the pictures and read the 3 f*r ;.t; Read ancl listen to the text on
infbrmation. X,'Iatch each object tri :r u,ord in page 7 about another everyday object: the
the box. There are three u'ords you do not iclentity card. \Vhat kjnd of informarion
neecl. about an individual can vou llnd on an
identity card?
chewing gum credit card glasses
key ring lipstick mobile phone * Read the text agqain and find exarnples
pen umbrella of ...
t a historical reason for ID cards.
* Do vou har.e any of these things with you
2 countries u'ith no ID cards.
today? \'\hich onesi Tell a partner.
3 a material used in ID cards.
+ information on an ID card.
s biometric information on an ID card.

S Does your country have identity cardsi

\Vhat information cio they contain?

Origin:
United States,
1 973

The first model weighed

0.79 kg and measured
25cm.

Origin:
Origin: Mexico, 1860
United States, 1950
It comes from the chicle
The first one was the plant. The original idea
Diner's Club card. People was to use it to make
used it to pay in New York car tyres.

Gr*gtnen*n
Are ID cards obligatory?
Do all cor.tntries haae ID
T4hat is a biometric ID card?
What did people use ID cards for?
. in questions the'i.erb goes before
the subject
. in present simple or past simple
questions, the auxiliary verb do /
did goes befbre the subject and the
infinitive goes after the subject
. question words (Wha4 Were, flho,
etc.) go at the start of a question
1 Complete the questions by puttine
,.r'orcls in the correct place.
r do you do?
r vou speak any foreign ianguages?
, u-hat your narne?
. s-hat1s phone nurnber?
: \'or.r have anlr children?
, n'here you born?
- tfiere did,vou to school?
: \\ here do live?
- ]-ou rnarried?
.. u'hat your date of birth?
2 ,\latch the questions in exercise I to the
:rics in the box.
\ame
Address
Dhone number
late of birth
:iace of birth
Choose five questions from exercise t.
:k in pairs and ask each other the
: i ri( )ns.
_t ::
:::1,:i
-
:::r::1:
Surprising
*r7ryErz* ffiffi# €**€s:
The iderrtity (lD) card
What were the first lD cards?
The first lD cards were, in fact, paper identity documents, which
appeared in the 18th century.
curds?
What did people use the first lD cards for?
People used the first lD cards to travelto different countries. The lD
card was the first passport.
Do all countries have lD cards?
No, they don't. There are more than a hundred countries in the world
with lD cards. But several English-speaking countries don't have a
national lD card system. These countries include the UK, the US,
Canada, Australia, lreland and New Zealand.
What do lD cards look like?
lD cards are usually made of plastic and can fit inside a person's
tl-re wallet.
u'hat
What information do governments put on lD cards?
do Most lD cards contain the person's name, date of bitlh,
is signature and a photograph.
)rour Some cards contain other information such as
c1o the person's address, phone number, nationality,
were profession and marital status.
o.)
D"
you What is a biometric lD card?
are More modern lD cards now contain biometric
is information, for example, fingerprints or digital
images of people's eyes.
Profession
Marital status
S*^*, **-i*$inn
! ; q;rC l\"!ii 91-tL6,' il.r* I
Children
Education & ,t.t* , .'.:'': Listen to three
Languages people spelling personal
information. \trrrite the urlrds
they spell.
* \\'ork in pairs. A: spell the
u.ords to B.
* ).our last narne
.,ta | :.)aa a -: !
* the name of the street you
iive on
e two words lrom this lesson
S Su.ap roles ar-rd repeat.
 lre #mwg#wre#
!::,rifinfi:ffi:ii:it?ir::!: g!ri.!.r.'::::.:::r1.r1 :r1 frI

Purt 2

$pmi<!n; & V*c*irri+ry

**s*ribing pe*g*9e
Speoklng and Voesbulory tisfening
I Think of someone you knowverywell I W 1"*3*3.&& Listen to four
Lis:en;rg
and describe this person to a partner. lJse conversations and choose the correct
i&e*?ity p*r*d* the phrases below to help you. photo a-j on page 9 for each one.
#r*il n:c r
. This is... 2 Listen again and answer tlre questions.
Vf?zs, & #<*w ques?ie*s ' He's / She's ... There is one question for each conversation.
. He's / She's got ... eyes and ... hair.
r Does the woman like the photo?
3pc*i<i;-,g e He's / She's ... years old. z How old is the baby?
F*9se *d*ngig!*s
2 Write the words in the box under the : What is different about Bella?
correct headings below. + What colour is the man's hair?

bald beard blond curly fair

3 Work in pairs. A: choose one of the
photos and describe it to your partner. B: try
twenties medium-height
in her
to g'uess the correct photo. Then swap roles
middle-aged overweight scar shorl and repeat.
shoulder-length slim straight young

3 Think about the person you described in

exercise 1. Can you add any more details to
We use look + adjeclive io describe a
the description? person's appearance.
He looks thin.
She looks good.
We use look + like + noun phrase to compare
someone's appearance to someone or
something else.
She /ooks like her mother.
He looks like a film star.
Choose the correct option in each pair ol
sentences.
1 He looks like his father. He looks his father
2 Are you OK? Are you OK?
You look like tired. You look tired.
3 I look horrible in I look like horriLrle
this photo. in this photo.
4 That chair That chair
doesn't look doesn't look
jike comfortable, comfortable.

- b'ndi'$dulail
O -.,n
€o*n**o**
v5 uts$ilt;Md

How old is he?

Wut kind of car does he driue?
Il/hat colout'nre his eyes?

use /:o-o' + adjectives such as old, toll, /07tgto ask

for r.nore deLril
vse uhot + kind of / sort of + noun to ask lbr
inforrnation about the noun
also use what + colou,r / tinte / size to ask fbr
specific detail

(iomplete the questions belou. u.ith the correct

tstion r,r'orrls.

low how many how much

,'rhat kinds what sort

* Put the r,r.orcls in the crxrect

orcler to nr'.rkc cluestions.
t colclur :lre l'olrr eyes rr,-l-rat?
z hair colclur u.hat r,'our is?
safe is your identity? l hrir hor,r' long vour is?
The answer is: not safe, if you look at the statistics for + month u'hat birthclav is y61111i
dentity theft. s olcl t-ou hor,r' are?
of crime is identity theft? 6 street 1ir-e r-ou do cln rvhrrti
ldentity (lD) theft occurs when someone steals your : tall vou are hor.r'?
:dentity. lt's one of the biggesi new crimes in the
',vorld today.

people are victims of identity theft every

year? F" S'
Experts think that millions of people are victims
tffi*trK$ffi#
aroLLnd the world. ln the US alone, it's around nine ! \Atite tl.ris infrrnnation on a
r'llion people every year. piece of paper ancl gir,e jt to the
teacher.
-, does identity theft cost?
D theft is big business and costs billions of dollars to d .\rotlr ftlll r-rarne
"ational economies. * )'our aclclrcss

of identity theft are there?

* \'our birthdar.
-.lere are different types: using your credit card:
-? Vrr.r are eoing tct sten/ somcone's
-ratting a phone in your name or
getting a government
rdentin'. Tirke a piece of prper: fron.r
:ccument, eg a driving licence, are some examples.
the te:rcl-rer 'rnc1 clo not shorv it tcr
anybr cll,-. This is your ne\\, identitt-.

,$ \\brk in pairs and ask e'.rcl-r other

questions trorn exercise 2. Fincl out
\ ()rrr l):lltrcr"s lirlsc idcrrtitr.
.1.:j.- aaalr::aa, i. :,i:;:::tt :t::

? :-: i:t;i t:. V :+t: ?- ::.+"+ Vcecbe,sEmry trnd Lis*c*ning 'e-i*tening mnd ffi*nding
3 \A,rork in pairs and make a list of the people 3 N€x';,r.iii Read and listen to the extract
':-,
;.; ::t
frorn the pla1. 5; Degree-t of Sepamtion on
1:. ;1 ;' I :1.':! : : ::1:.1

you kno$,'in the class. Tell each other what

t1t 4. t*+ai. +i
=.+a: yolr know about them. page 11. Do you know this theory?

.........a,-.1.-:'
k =?= :.'=:.. Listen to a woman talking about *. €l:+, i,i:ti Listen to an explanation of the
people she knows. Write the r,r'ords in the box theorv. Drau,'lines befir.een Lhe nanres below
{ ) (1,;+lra :::;t':t:!+: to shou.u.hich people
under the correct names.
t i7 !
7 : + a-t; ?: :.J,..i. ar'a
=
4..

irre con'ected. 'y

acquaintance classmate colleague John f,
friend neighbour * Liste' again.
The Ambassador
V zltz':3v 1 !;:=:-::a:= Explain the link
between ... Mary
Sofia Hans I vou andJohn. Robert The Secretary
z Jar-re and General of the
United Nations
Robert.
: ,\{r Smith and Mr Smith
the A'nbassador.

4 \Vork in pairs and discuss these questions.

Do you think this theorv is true? Are 1,611
connected to a farnous person in anv way?
Tell your partner.
My wife's sisfer has met the President.
I work with a man. Hls sonb teacher went to
school with a famous s/nger

:t I : -

lf you are in touch with someone you see,

Ken Pilar speak to or write to them.
Hs rs cller; in taur:h wilh irtpi;r'lenl p.r*pi€.
You can lose touch with a person if you don't
see, speak or write to them any more. You are
S Listen again ancl ans\l''er the questions. then ouf of touch with that person.
t \\here is Becky's neighbour? I losl loircfo witn a iai cl n:y scl;coi i**nds
z Does Becly know Hans u.ell? {fia*y ye*rs ett$. ilr
er* Ltut cl lor,'*i n*r.i
Keep in touch or stay in touch are informal
: Does she u.ork u'ith Ken? expressions you can use to tell someone you
+ Horv does she know Sofia? want to be in contact.
!'ce, ;;u stor,. . iti .J itJrl:'l it, ut '.'
4 Copv the diagrarn above and write
Cornplete the sentences rvith an expression
the names of people y'ou know. \Vrite the
rsing touch.
relationship underneath each narne. Then 1 $he's stiil ,- witil h*r rirfindricin*r.
work in pairs and tell each other about the 5he',",,rites i* her every',;;eek.
people. l j'n __ \i.tiih nry schc*l iri*nds.
: nevcr:** them.
Ihis ls Louise. Sheb my neighbour.
3 A: $ee ynu later.
Jorge is a colleague from work. *: *l'r, ,-,,..*-,.
4 i1* d*esn"l r,.reni t* rrrlir hir iarrrily.
l""i* calle ih*nr *very nonth.
 r':taia tt ':,,
{[all ...
"&d

.:";',*:rmr*:*r I read somewhere that everybody on this

planet is separated by only six other people.
Robert works for a big hotel itt the city cenfi'e.
) h' Smith knows nwrtj l)eople. Six degrees of separation between us and
IIe sornetinres has hrnch with the
tutltnssadot:
everyone else on this planet. The President
17e is ojlen in tozrch zuith itnportant people. of the United States, a gondolier in Venice,
o use the present simple to talk about
iustfill in the names. ... I am bound -you
habits and routines and for things that
ere alwavs true are bound - to everyone on this planet by a
. add.r to regular verbs when talking
trail of six people.
rrbout /re / she / it
. use frequencv adverbs to say hou'often From Sx Degrees of Separation
something happens by John Guare.
. fi'equenc,v adverbs go between the * Cornplete the sentences
-sub.ject and the verb except with the bl' putting the r'i.ord clr phrase
terb to be in the correct place.
t Beckv talks to her parents on the
-- rmplete the text about online soci:rl pl-rone. (three tirnes n teek')
- ' ,,r'ks using the correct firrm of the z Sl-re is l'erir friendll' u,ith the neighbours. (aluoli)
-.t. gilen.
: She qoes olrt r'r.ith her colleagues. (oferz)
+ She uses the internet to keep in touch u.ith people. (e-cu1 dny')
: ..,.:a .
Keeping in touch
, -: a;,' people often
,'. (keep) in
: -:- ,', ih friends and family is using the F*
'= -:: People (use) social
\\rrrrk in pairs.
:- :'{ rg sites. These are special websites. A: turn to page 126.
I =- -+-oer (have) their
B: turn to page 128.

-:- : ::{ at Jim, for example. Jim ,",,

: : L.),; s in touch with his network of friends.
(not write) emails, he
- - - -':'rat on on a social networking -=.-,,--,,
site
. .- ::,; J m often .,,. (fake) photos
- - ',- , and (puf) them on his
r: :::: -l s friends (iook) at Jim's
. : -: :^: (see) the information
: - -':: T-ey then (send) him
il*"i d

i::;:jrir: ;:i a. ..:. \4.::-1.a g e

i-i-l
F I
}psfi$fifis find Kefidrns
s !.
* Quickly read Readers' response on page 13.
E- :5 ?e?ill{lf:lfi:l aj!t?,;
What kind of texts are they?
? Read the infbrrnation belou'about CCTV
a advertisements in a newspaper
caillerJs and Jnswer dre questions irr pairs.
i t:.t i,-i T,'n.:tzj u letters to a rlewspaper
1:: ;.-.:i * :: at
r Do anv of the facts surprise you? c emails to a company
z Do yolr have CCTV in your town? d messages from tl-re government
\{,here?
I.i + ;t i :: ij ":+
::; ;: t1 :.
: Do you think that CCTV carneras are a S Read the texts again and answer the
good idea? questions.
r \\'ho \l,-orks at night in a shop?
z Who thinks the article is not fair?
I \Vho talks about dre police?
+ \Vho mentions other ways of r.l-atching
people?

4 \{brk in plirs. Find ruo argurnents in

favour of and two argurnents against CCTV
canleras in the texts. \l'hich ar€pments do
you agree with?

^ .:
i,, :: .

Wg3e;e+t.:, ,:
Place is a very common word in English
expressions.
lf something takes place, it happens.
Th* festival takes plaee in Q*taber-
lf something is out of place it does not
belong or is uncomfortable.
! felt aut o{ Blac* thsre. ! didn"t knaw
anyboriy.
Look at the lLighlighted expressions in
the texts on page 13 . Match them to their
meanings or uses 1-5 below
I to explain the first paint in an argument
2 insiead of
3 er;ery*lhere
4 a pertieular positi*n or pad cf town
5 that somethins is not appropriate for y*u

$
t
;.
a:r

I
Grgawmwx'

CCTV carneras at'e watching yott.

II-e are pwning irt two rnlre c&ntelas nlu.
I[b agree with CCTV carnerul

. use the present continuous to talk

about things drat are happening now
or around nou'
. use the present continuous to talk
about ternporary situations
. u'e do not usually use stative verbs
such as agree, belieae, know, like, need
u ith the presenl continuous

1 L-nderline the correct for:m of the l'erbs
:rc letter.
I am tooking / look oul of my window at
work right now and I can see two CCTV
caurleras. These cameras are belonging /
Hong to the company, and they watch our
flery move. I am not understanding / don't
wtderstand why,we,;are:neeyding, l' need
rlem. I am not,likintg,l;,Ao,n;;1y1i,ti
Lola Sule
? - . ink of three people you knou.. For
- - -. :t-rson! $'rite two or lnore sentences
. _:...
| .r.rr thev do.
. :.rt ther- are probabl,v doing now.
' .':.'er Graham works as a secondary
=dul lel.
-: . :':cably teaching a history class right
* \Vork ir-r pairs anrl conpare lour
sentences. Ask one question ilbout
each person on \-our partner'.s paper.
Where is your brother teaching?
$srmrnasffie **fi*m
1lem' € ':';= i=l:l Listen to fir'e sentences.
Hou. many u'ords do vou hear in eachi
(contractions = t\4'o u'ords)
* Listen again and u'rite the sentences.
Then practise saying them. Pay attention to
linking the words tosether.
& \Arork in pails and imagine a context fbr
each sentence. Think about:
e \Aho is speaking?
s \44rere are they?
e \Vhat do thev sar. next?
vrdfirET! up Lmngasmge $**ass: s*e$s& *xpr*sst*xls
M/ork in pairs and choose tw'o or three situations from the Read the phrases and cross ilut the response that is not
list beloui Roleplay a short conversation for each situation. correct.
t Hou,- are you?
Situations Fine thanks. n Very u.ell, thank you.
'1 You are meeting for the first time.
"
I'rn nice.
"
2 Youare friends. lt's late and you would like to go home. z Hi, I'm Georg'e.
3 A is working and B is the customer. B: you want some " Fine to meet vou. u Nice to meet you.
help. . Pleased to meet yoll.
4 You work together. lt's A's first day. B: introduce yourself,
l Have a good weekend.
5 You are classmates. lt's the end of the week and you are " You too. t, Thanks. . Yes, please.
+ Excuse me.
saying goodbye.
" Yes, can I help voul b You're welcome.
6 A: it's your birthday. B gives you a present. . Yes?
7 You don't know each other. A: you bump into B who s Thanks for evervthing.
drops something.
" You're welcome. s No problern.
. Yes, please.
:): :i!i;,,1i!;l; ;1
. o See you tomorro\\-.
":::,t,::: You too. t' Bye.
-.a.::ia:::i::'t:;:!;a:..
:.::', a: :

7
"
I'rn sorry.
" See you.
e How are you? s Thank you very much!
e Nice to meet you. * See you tomorrow. " That's all right. u lt's OK.
You're w-elcorne.
" Have a good weekend. s l'm sorry. "
. Excuse me.
spetrkrs'!#
Listenimg \Vork with a ne\v partner and choose one of the tasks
belou'.
: :i
Listen to four con\.ersations. Match each one
-:rrrc rrnd a siturtiorr.
& Repeat the vu'arm up activitv using the new expressions
you have learnt.

& Look at the audioscript on page 152 and choose one of

the convers:.rtions. Practise it and try to memorise it. Then
corrtin ue tlre corrverslt ion.
 .slystal

We use language to express our thoughts, form relationships with others, and build communities. The
focus is always on the individual. lf you study language you study people, and people are as different as
chalk from cheese. So their language will be different too.

Sometimes it's regional background that makes the difference. lf you Gla**ary
s hear someone say Ihaf s a bonny wee chitd, the speaker is probably from background (noun) - the type of family, social position or
culture that someone comes from
Scotland, because words like wee (little) and bonny (pretty) are hardly ever
BRB (verb) - internet abbreviation for Be right back; you use
used anywhere else. And someone who says My car's hood and windshield
this to say informally that you will return soon
were damaged probably has an American background; someone from the
LOL (verb) - internet abbrevialion tor laughing out loud; you
UK would say bonnet and windscreen. use this to say informally that you think something is funny
10 Often it's social background that makes the difference. ln the 1950s in
Britain there was a lot of publicity about how upper-class (U) people used different
words from those used by other classes (non-U). U speakers had luncheon (or lunch)
in the middle of the day and dinner in the evening. Non-U speakers had dlnner in the
middle of the day. Luncheon is rare today, but there is a still a social divide between
15 lunch and dinner.
Above all, these days, it's the technology that makes the difference. The internet allows
people to express their individuality in ways that were inconceivable a few years ago.
Emails vary from highly formal (Dear Professor Crystat) to highly informal (Yo, Dave!!).
Older people often keep the rules of punctuation and capitalisation they once learned;
younger people often try out new ways (l dont think so - LOL).
But times are changing. As more older people starl to use the internet, they are also
using the latest abbreviations more and more. BRB (Be right back).

\Vorm axp Lmmgaxmge $mexxs

i \'e these sentences true (f or false (fl for you? Find words or expressions in the text with these meanings.
. I speak more than one langrrage. t to be very different (lines 2-3)
. I speak differentlv at work to how I speak at home. 2 uncommon (line 14)
. \Il language has rnany different dialects. 3 lnost importantly (line 16)
. There is more than one language in my country. + impossible to think about or irnagine (line 17)
. Rich people speak differently to poor people.
$pe*kimg
i \\brk in pairs and compare your answers. Do you agree?
Do you think the differences in English that the author
q t. talks about are true for your ianguage? Think of some
",eodtns examples. Use the questions below to help you.
' R:acl tlre text Sarn,e language but dffirent What three . How do people start and finish emails in your language?
-: ,rs c'loes the author mention?
Is it formal or informal?
:rlterences in geography
" differences in diet . Are there different parts ofyour country that use
::*erences in social class a diflerences in technology different words to mean the same thing? Can you give
I i:rcl the text again and decide ifthese sentences are an example and explain it in English?
. D or false (fl. . Are there abbreviations on the internet in your languaqe
Ilke LOL or BRB?
:r;'rple are verv different, so langrrage is difl'erent.
'- ,1 and windshiel/ are British English words.
'-'
.peakers had lunch in the evening.
. - =:hnology always makes language very formal.

r -rng people don't use capital letters in the same way as

.. r people on the internet.
-rng people are inventing new \\rays of using capital
 Readimg
1 Read Constanza's
description of herself.
a an email to a friend!
tr an introduction for a social
networking site?
c a letter ofapplication for a job?
2 Is there anything in the description thatt true for you?
Hi! My name is Constanza Ximena Jara Castro, but people call me
Coti for short. I'm twenty years and single. I born in Valdivia, in the
south of Chile, but now I live in Santiago, the capital city. I study
journalism in the university and I like very much this course.
We are five people in my family - my parents, my two elder sisters
and me. We also have got a dog called Kalu. My father's job is a
photographer and my mother is teacher.
ln my free time I like swimming, listening music and seeing friends.
In the future I hope to go to USA for do a Master's and my ambition
is to work as a journalist for a national newspaper.
Wnir'ing slqills: Xoekimg fer enrors im youn
wer*(
? Read a corrected copy of Constanza's description and
find twelve differences.
? Which of these errors do you sometimes make?
3 Do you usually check your writing for errors befbre
giving it to a teacher?
Hi! My name is Constanza but people call me Coti for short. l'm
twenty years old and single. I was born in Valdivia, in the south
of Chile, but now I live in Santiago, the capital city. I am studying
journalism at university and I like this course very much.
There are five people in my family - my parents, my two elder
sisters and me. We also have a dog called Kalu. My father is a
photographer and my mother is a teacher.
ln my free time I like swimming, listening to music and seeing
friends. ln the future I hope to go to the USA to do a Master's and
my ambition is to work as a journalist for a national newspaper.
Longuoge focus: ioining sentences
I Join tlre sentences using and, but or so.
I have a dog called Lucky. I have a cat called Mimi.
I have a dog called Lucky and I have a cat called Mimi.
t I'm short and slim. I have long curly black hair.
z My sister trained as a teacher. She's unemployed at the
moment.
3 I'm thirty years old. I'm rnarried with two children.
+ Clodagh isn't a comrnon name. People often don't know
how to spell it.
s I have three sisters. I don't have any brothers.
o I was born in a smali village. I find living in a big city
very strange.
2 Read the joined sentences. Cross out any words that you
don't need.
I have a dog called Lucky and fhave a cat called Mimi.
Prepcring fo write
Make notes aboutyourself for a social networking site. Use
the topics in the box to help you and include your own
ideas.
Name Age Bifthplace Town Occupation
Family Free time Ambitions
* My full name is Alejandro Gustavo Donoso Jimenez.
c People call me Alex for short.
e My nickname is Chacho.
* I was named after my grandfather.
e I have a sister called Andrea and a brother called Pablo.
t I have a dog whose name is Pepe.
Writing
\4/rite your description and check it for errors. Then work
in pairs and swap your descriptions. Try to correct each
other's work.
Gnmmm'rsr ffieir:g e #e*d *mrxgax*ge Smwrsxer
i Cornplete the questions r.vith the correct r.vords. ? Read the learning questionnaire. How often are these
I _-_-_- marriecl? No, I'm single. statements true for you? Give yourself a score for each
r * _-- speak English? Yes, a littlc. question. Not usually = 0 points Sometines = 1 point
l your phone nuinber? Usually = 2 points
It's 07051-459-216.
+ you do? I'm a teacher. x I try to orae tise usinS Errqtish as clf:er
: - .- , -* * is your cari It's red. as I ean *utside the ciassro*rn.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct fonn of the * I am willi*g t* take risks ai:d arn rxot
- in brackets.
. :rb
at,air) c{ rEak;ng nl;s"iakes
: \: Excuse me, can you help rne? * i ain *rganis*e* in th* way i manag*':
I'm I rny l€arning.
B: sorry-, ----- Qri to u'ork right nou..
: I (not / knou) rnany peopie in this tou'n. * !think eh*ilt i iearn bcst.
- \Iy brotl-rer- (not/ like) his boss, so he * 'n*w
l{ | dcn'l underslarlcl scntelhir,g I li1'
-- (kok) 6ot , t'1s$' job. to guess.
,\Il' rrrother (not / speak) anv foreign
s, i nolice n;;. niistakes at'rd 'ry t(i learn
languages. f rnm i hpn:
\t E *
x r sr*i. uudNs ii:r{J nr:,I:!ir-"\: il}y iir{-}!i{{-'r:*.
voccrb#$#ry
, 9r ! ^ ,".^ -L--""r ^-^--rt*:--" : ^ -l
I Find and correct six speJling rnistakes.
fcr hsiP
::quaintance bald clasmate colleage freind x ! reguiarly revr€w v;h*i I have !ear*t.
-eigth identity keyring middle-aged neigbour * l t''y {* us* Fn*lisl"l t* **mma;n!*at*
:rcffession umbrella ffru ide;lai

I ook at the pictures. Correct three g Add up yolrr total score and read what it lReans below.
',rkes in eacl-r description.
lhis is Carlos. He'.s bald and 16-20 Congratulations! You are already an excellent
', cr-l-eight, ancl he's got a bearcl. language learner. Keep up the good work!
, ris is \-eronica. She's midclle-aged, 1 1-1 5 You already have some very good language
:r h .horr dark curly hair. learning strategies. Now think how you can
:#* te
,&:l
improve even more.
#
g 6-1 0 You are starting to use the right strategies but

5 ceoking *b need to be more consistent.

0-5 Maybe you are finding ii difficult to make
- ir.r qroups of three.A: throu'a dice to choose a person progress. Try some of the strategies above and
-: lror. B and C: ask questions about the person. Ask
you could see a big difference.
,: Itittile, age, job, farnilr. aucl r,vh'.rt their lsoft like. Then
. , ar.rd repeat.
'1es
S Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
,A good friend * Which of the strategies in the quiz do you use mosti
A neighbour * \A4'rich do 1.ou need to use more?
d family member * Give your partner suggestions about things to do.
vour first friend
€ Write two new things vou will trr, to becotne a berter
+ new colleague or classmate
language learner.
i good teacher
Pcr? i

l a.: .:a,.::a:a! at :jta:.aj,:,:141

?=*= V*e*bae *m$"3,s #ffid Sp*mkimg ${€trffi!rT#

? Write the words in the box under the 3 %'t,13 Read and listen to Tastes
,-ira! ria:
correct heading below. comfottirzg on page 19. Do you have a name
7*=z*a <*azz?+rei*g for this kind of food in your language?
bitter breakfast cook dinner
'.-, -tl',:aC1'
eat fresh lunch saltY serve * Read the text again and rnake notes
1+.;attz=bE* i' about each kind of comfort food under the
t **4 * **LE 71'z :
snack spicy sweet taste
7z a t3.* /z? headings name, clutrtl'y and ingredients.
,42;*<ti{.,i+*r a ! s+ *z e:,

E?*yj 3 Work in pairs and tell each other about

the four kinds of comfort food in the text.
5r;,:i.iri: Food verbs Kinds of
t=caa€ dtt V*'s n=t:**
meal 4 Do you have a comfort food? Tell your
2t? partner about it.

S You are going to read more information

about cornfort food in different countries.
\Arork in pairs. A: turn to page 126. B: turn
to page 128.
Describing
food

You can use the noun taste when you

R Work in pairs and choose five questions
from the list below. Then ask each other the
questions.
* What meais do you eat with your family?
* Who prepares the food in your f-amiJy?
* What do you like to eat on special
occasions, eg your birthday?
* What did you have to eat last night?
* FIow often do you buy food? \A4rere do
you do the shopping?
Do you eat out a lot? What kind of food
" compliment about food.
do you like to eat at a restaurant?
What did you have to eat this morning?
Do you have a favourite for-rd when you
are sad? What is it?
l'm going to ask you some questions about
food and eating.
B: oK.
A: What meals do you eat with your family?
B: I usually have breakfast and dinner with my
family. I have lunch at work.
describe a flavour.
lhis cfioc*i*ie &as a i'ery sw€ef i€sle.
It is also the name of one of the five senses
(sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste).
You can use the verb fo tasfe in the following
ways:
fasfe + adjective
taste+like/of+noun
ll lasfes si4'e€t / bitt*r / d*lt*i*us / avsNttl.
if lasles like ckk:ken.
Ihrs wafer tesies cf appJes.
You can say /f fasies delicious to give a
Complete the sentences with your own ideas.
* ... has a swe*t taste.
, ! lik* i*ad that te6te$ . ".
r ltlrir-ik ^-. tasles awfui.
 1f$:r.;l'$

,r"

Gg"exffi"Bmmr

h's a dish of pasta and meat. We are making

nto dishes like this.
There i-r some meat in. tbe dbb.
I like cffie. Can I haae a cffie please?
We haue some meat but we don't haae umy
vegetables.

. countable nouns can be singular or

plural
. uncountable nouns do not have a plural
form
. some w-ords can be countable or
uncountable
. \rse slrne and ntry with plural nouns or
uncountable nouns
. we usually use some in affirmative
sentences antl ntty in negative sentences
and questions

'l Look at these v'orcls from the texts. Decide if each

re is countable, uncountable or ifit can be both.

cread casserole cheese chocolate cracker

entil meat noodle pasta pizza potato
sandwich steak sweet toast vegetable

I C-hoose the correct r,vord to complete the texts.

s g.
*p*trK*a,Rff
E Think of a drsh that you like and make
-:^'m feeling sad, I always eal any / some some notes about it. Use the headings below
-
- r<en soup. Very hot chicken soup with
to help you.
: ,..a. There isn'I any / a better dish for me.
lngredients
Who usually prepares it
-::: sJmmer I studied English in Scotland and
,': . :J with a / some host family. Scottish food When you eat it

': f K. but they didn't have a / any good
==:. Two weeks later a friend from Germany
. .: and brought me some /any delicious
: - ::=tbrot bread. lt was my comfort food.
i . - : -re I go back to my village in Turkey,
. ,. -., mother to prepare baklava for me.
: : : ry special cake, with a / - honey and
Why you like it
* \Vork in pairs and tell each other about
your dishes.
l'm going to tell you about arroz con costra. lt's
a Spanish dish and it's one of my favourites.
It's a rice dish. My father usually makes it in the
summer. You cook it with some meat ...
 #**wmffi
Readimg amd Speakimg Gnommmr
t.:i::i r:i1 .! :!cer:!.; i r::
r

? Work in pairs and ask each other these

T*:z ;*ty*l: ".- €r-+"-:e 1!z= Do yoa er.t too mach food at rneahimes?
.oz:r*rE
"t,p
a:z>'; ltiCt4u:rza Put it in the ouen for a few minates.
r Canyou cook? If you wnnt a lot ofjuice from a lemon ...
z Do you like cookingl Tbo much salt in a soup?
{e*;zrzti€i*,:= ltz !+i'r:€, + : What dishes can you make?
i!t*i*, ze ?*,+" :1*? a={s,J#!.! + Who is dre best cook you know? . vse lz little artd much withuncountable
wi++yj nouns
+;zse",'c:,
2 % ?"?* Read and listen to'lln secrets ...
Which secret or
. use afew mdmaryt with plural
i:,,.1:ir*!:: :. :; (:::*,:+.::,::: fi"om. the world's top kitchens.
secrets are about ... countable nouns
1':t ?ize''e-i? ::?=+st . use 4 lot of and Qzot) enough with plural
' food preparation? nouns and uncountable nouns
t':;,:t:,ttirlirr:t u food storage? . use too mach / many to say there is more
: a.,: +- i .: c eating? than you want
a cleaning?
. the kitchen?
€-.35: 3 Read the sentences belorv about a busy
='*e:* & Did you know any of these tips? Tick (rz) head chef. Match the sentences 1-5 to dre
the ones you knew. meanings a-e.
4 Do you know any other good food tipsl t He is always a ferv minutes late for work.
What are thev? z He has a lot of friends at the restaurant.
: FIe eats too many cakes and biscuits.
+ He doesn't get enough sleep.
s He has enough work at the moment.

" He doesn't need any more.

n He should eat less.
F{e isn't early.
"
a He's often tired.
He has eight or nine.
"
2 Complete the questionswithmuch or
many.

ln a typical day .,.

o how meals do you eat?
. hou' coffee do you drink?
* how time do you spend in the
kitchen?
, how portions offruit do you eat?
u how water do you drink?
* how junk food or f-ast food do you
eat?

3 Work in pairs and choose four questions

from the list above. Then ask each other the
questions. Use the expressions in the bor to
help you.

a little a lot not many

not much too many too much
lrc*x.1
tgts*s'

VoeebuEsry ond $peafu.ing

I Describe the difl-erences betu'een these
.:ree kitchens.

. cowl * fire e frying pan

.9ass * kettle a mug
.:,./en 6 saucepan e sink
. scoon E toaster

. -^ s kitchen looks like it's in ...

r --er€ are ... in this kitchen and ... in that
- :chen.
. :^ink this picture is more interesting.
-'etet ...

? i.\-hich kitchen do you prefer? \d,'hyi

3 ronune im?6*at IbSdF&f

icsnp!i!"u"'c
tr{ rq4

' -;:, :.I i Listen to the words below. ? Look at the pictLrr e of Zlto Shen. \A/hich
.h harre the /k/ sound, v'hich have the country do you think he is fron-r? \\l-ro dcr

,,,und and which have both? \\hich you think he is?

- -:.loes not have a lkl or a /tJl sound?
* 'W i.i '1 Listen ro a short talk about Zacr
Shen and ans\\ (r the qtrestions.
.' chocolate cloth cook cup
'.'< knife picture quick watch r \\'ho is Zao Shen?
z Can )rou name one thir.rg he does?
: ltrIhere can )'ou see pictures like this?
.:e n again and repeat. What are the
:,rn spellings for /W and /t[/? S Are there ar.r,v important belief.s about
food or kitchens in t our culnrrei \\rhat are
ther'?
-: ffiemdirug
it#€

i \\'trrk ir-r pairs. FIou'rnanv correct 3 Look at the photos ancl nar.nes of
pirrases can you n-rake rvith the rvords diff-erent people on page 23. Do vou knorv
in the bor? any of the narnes? \'lthat rlrinks are they
associated u.ith?
coffee
glass cola
cup juice * I don't know this name.
mug milk e I think this is ...
bottle tea .r This is the name of a kind of coffee / waler /
carton beer beer.

can water
wine ft 1le : . i'r; Read arrd listen to the text 7/:e
th'inks.\Ahat do all the
people ltehind the
Language note: some uncountable drinks havc in comrnon? Choose the best
nouns can be countable if we believe ans\,\''eI.

Thev are all more than 100 vears oltl.

there is a container, eg two coffees "
means two cups of coffee. t They'.rre all cold clrinks.
. Thev are not Enelish dr:inks.

1l: \\'brk in pairs ancl ask each other thcse "3 Read the text asain ar-rd complete the
questions. sentences v'ith the names of the clrinks.
l .,,_-. .__*,-_ sponsors a famous bciok.
+ on a hot summer's day? 2 ,,- ancl ..-*.,. -arefrom
* in the morning, u-ith breakfirst? France.
o after dinner? 3 .--,.. .-".-- and .,.- are hot drinks.
+ .-...,....,. , .,, \\':ls given as :1 present.
" in the udnter, when it'.s cold ciutsicle? 5 ----, and u,-ere named
', when you feel sacl or rniserable, as a --...
comfort drink? after monks.
\\'hat other drinks do I'ou like? \\'heni 4. Do you knou' anv of these drinks?
\\'f iich ones?

5
ffi
€e
# -.-

.:;.,ffit'
 The
behincl
,r r"ii't 1,"9t tia'i;!r:1
ii !,!tn!.!!ir.f
tlr Louis Per;'ier was a dcetcr a:'r# p*!itieian
inr th* s*uth of Frari*e. At ihe end cf the l Sti.:
sentury h* g*t a j*b wlth a fsrnpatiy that made
IIe wanted to rnake a neu drink
ep*cial :xin*ral rnaater !n a h*ttEe. Th+ watsr was
It uas dfficah to anclerstand. eriginaily p*pular ii: th* UK anel the U$, hui i*
use the infinitive after some verbs:
ncw avaiiabl* ar**nd ihe w*r!d.
ttgree, forget, need, try, uarft
use the infinitive after adjectives

Read the extr:rct from George C)ru'ellis I

l;e ctrp of te a. C,onp lete the rulcs bv rvriting
. or nothins (-) in each gap. Do vou agree
, ith his rules?

A nice cup of tea

: sn't easy to make a good cup of tea.
: .st of all, you should use lndian or
l:5t1sP""","u.
: s important make tea in small quantities
* r a teapot.
' : r need - make the teapot hot first.
-
-:r't ......... put hot water in a cold pot.
::'ong tea is the best kind of tea. One strong
-=a rs better than twenty weak teas.
--*q!g-.
- .:r'you put the tea in the pot, stir it.
-
- shake the pot.
. use a good breakfast cup for your tea.
-=. s best in a good cup.
- - - : forget put the tea in the cup
:':'e you .,,,--,-- put the milk in.
s meant be bitter. Don't put sugar
-;ce cup of tea.

'. :'ire some rules lbr how to make a drink

.:re tbod that you knou,-.
-. rk jn pairs and tell each other your rules.
-= ,,.
'':tftantto...
-= J LU ,.,

, :s: ... to eat/drink is ... ffii****ry

_ __r9... blind (adjective\ - unable to see
-:'Eet to ...
brewery @oun\ - a place where people make beer

monk (noun) - a man who lives in a religious

community away from other people
 ^.tI
!O ut /1
?

... :

: i:i! ;ii;l}ii:; il!tt;::

v0e0nursry &re s-nrmsn
? Hou,' many parts of the body can you
narne in Engiish? \Arork in pairs and Hurnan beings need to drink water. to liae.
complete the words belou-. What does water do to belp the body?

b ck e-r . \,'e use the infinitive to say vhy we do

-rm something
:+i:rirl :::l t;i.::.*t:,ijil
elb-w f-ng-r f--t
ha r h-nd he-d ? Look at the pictures of diff-erent objects
keelgnse below. Describe what e:rch object is for
using the phrases in the box.

li;i:: i'i t-1! t:.":tt:1s:t! :r:1: I rJ * Look at the u'ords in the box. Decide breathe underwater drink with
if each part is inside (1) or outsicle (O) the
body. \Vrite I or C).
make ice cubes purify water
serve drinkingwater water plants
blood -- bone brain
heart -- -
muscle_ - You use this to water plants.

nails *- skin
-
S \4/ork in pairs. How m:rny parts from
exercise 2 can you see in the pictr.rre?

!-rsTefirng
? You are going to hear a talk about water
and the hurnan body. First check you
understand the words in the box.

breathe convert factor

m'
nutrients temperature waste

P" #IfF i.?t Listen to the talk and u.rite the

parts ofthe bodv that you hear.

S Listen again. \Vhat do the numbers mean?

afewdays 2 % 22% !
Hs! {
75% 85-95% 92% trs
& Hou. much $'-ater clo you drink? Do
you think you drink enough u'ater? Tell a
partner.

,f % ..j'*i} '

ti
ii
t
.t;
i'
il
? Conrplete More *^nter.factr with t0 + a Fr*a?eim*&sfi*ra
verb frorn the box.
] .i,l:." i.,,: Listen ancl circle hoi,u.tl.re

flush grow have produce provide underlinecl u.ord is pronouncecl in each

selrtence.
It'.s too cold. ltal ltutl
You need to clrink more \'vater. ltel ltutl
g *;+ l. r'? Listen to the storv belou. then
Around 2.5o/s of the planet's water is fresh
water. The rest is salt water.
prirctise sayillg- the sentences. Pay attention
to the pronunciation of ltal and ltu'^l .
It usually takes between 50 and '100 litres
- a shower.
-*
It takes 5 to 10 litres the toilet.
--
You need 1,900 litres of water
--- one
kilogram of rice.
t.
-.-
.-
You need l OO,OOO litres of water one
kilogram of beef.
On average, it costs €23 safe and
clean water for one person.
- not have access
About 1.1 billion people do
to clean drinking water. That's about 1 in 6
people.

$pem6**rxg
? Use the prompts to rnake questions.
* Floly nuch rvater / eyen- day?
" Do / too little water?
* Do / water before yoll go to bed?
* Do / bottled \4.ater or tap weter?
* FIou- manv bottles ,/ rveek?
3 \Arork in pairs irncl choose one of the tlsks
lrelor,r.

3 \\brk in pairs. Complete the sentences in A Ask caclr otltct'the questions From
- ]rl1lry clifferent \,vavs as Vou can. exercise 1.
:-t:* the sncp tc ...
il |i$e !^latei 10 ..
E lt:rke a similar questionnaire about a
: r3
different drink, eg tea or coffee. Use dre
"

. i :r;;:.q :.:,,-ii.:, :1;.

questions in exercise I to help you. Then
inter-vier,r another pair.

i:ji

'.tt:
a ,2 1

? 2C
z&
gc
 \* :/
,/ ,.

:r"".*
i
t,

',rtrffl"ff: l!l;I L*xg***g* F,*c*s: *:*?{ng *r*i

3 Looli at the pictr,rres of four different places to eat. 1 Put the u.ords in the correct orcler to rnake useftil phrases,
!\rork in pairs and describe the sirnilarities and clifl-erences \\'thich phrases do clrstorners say? Mark them u'ith a C.
betr,r''een thetl. t to orcler vou u.hat like?
r'r'oulcl
:.r,
:.:.:.
:arlji:.::it: r:..r
:;i:;:i-
z here think I theret a rnistake.
:
l
i:::!li:fir:rt. .., r
the I have coulcl bill?
ni.i,:::,'..:::,:,r:f,:: : .. -:

* flight attendant
.+ vollr mcal vou did enjov?
* fast food
* self-service buffet s medium small, or large?
" tray 6 fesen'atiolr lve've a got.
7 over har.e to pav you there.
s thanks lovell-, it was.
l, I think this is in ".. s for tr,l.o, table please a.
It looks like a / an ... * ',lrj,. -. 'r+ Listen and cl-reck your ans\\rers. Then listen ancl
e ln this picture they're ... and in this picture they're ...
repeat the phrases.
': This one looks the most comfortable / expensive /
interesting. lt'
a! ql;t*{ *a i * I i,i"f
i-f
'',. F{ave vou been to arly places like these? \\'hich photo do
\,Vork in groups of three. A ancl B: you are customers.
r-ou like the best?
C: you u'ork in a restaurant.
'Iirrn to page 130 and choose a restaurant menu. Then
. .l:l:
rclleplay a corrversation. Use the ner,r' expressions you
. ' . ..'-,Listen to three conversations. X{atch each have learnt.
one to a photo. There is one plhoto vou don't need.

.., Listen rrq'ain ancl Ans\\-er the cluestions.

Conr er-qrtior-r 1: \\'ho is the lesen'ation for?
\\-l-ro is readv to order: the man or the
$ ontan?
Conr crsrdor-r l: \\lat is the problern rvith the fbod?
\\1;rt sizc clrink cbcs the rnan have?
Cou-ers,rrion -l: Does the u ornan har.e ant,thing else to drink?
\\'l-rerc doe s s1-re ha\,e to pa1'?
,'n'0rm a.$p L*mgx*exgs €eea:s: !is*ing ingrediext$s
' .,mplete the sentences u-ith the u-ords in the box. Choosc the correct sentence.
. r ,lictionarv to help you. t a It consists of rice and larnb.
b It consists v'ith rice and 1:rmb.
:e:troot boil candy fry kebab z " It's macle froil eggs and potatoes.
:-b sweets t It's made for eggJs and potatoes.
: a It's of vegetables, and r-neat and pasta.
- is a kind of meat. t, It's rnade with veg;etables, and tneat :rnd pasta.
is a sort of rneat disir. + a It is got rice ancl fish in it.
is a kind of vegetable. I It has got rice ancl lish in it.
. - .. ancl .rre s\l'eet food made with sugar.
sg.
ancl .--,-,-,---, ere t\\.tl u.ays of cookine fbocl. $pe#Ki$'r$
'',,hrit
- other u'ords could you use to corrplete these $ Choose three of the topics below. \Vrite one example of
: llCCS ? each on a piece clfpaper.
* a ry-pical fbocl or drink from )/olrr country
_ srerTrffiff * a foocl or drink that vou don't like
r ,Lr irre goine to listen to six people talking abor-rt fbod * a food or c'lrink that vou liked rvhen you were a child

. :-.r,rke s them think of- home. Tiv to match dre nanres cif
* a foocl or drinlc frorn another country that i,'ou like

:o t1-re countries. * \{rork in pairs and sr.vap vour lists. Can you guess
the categories?
::'sch candy kebab pizza
:::ritzel tortilla * Tell each other rnore about the fbocl or clrinks
on vour lists.
"
-:ll
,=;:.':a:.::::::.aa,::' a,.:: : : ,1::" .

::.4:'':':' :::, :
- .:lr 1..;;'.r-:,ai
::?a1.aaa."::::t-:.:..:::::.
.a-:
la:...: ::- ::
., -rssia
- -
-,.------ s lt consists of ...
::fI11ilfl}r
* lt's made from ...
,s __* * lt's delicious! / lt tastes really good.
t:.'ritt

:. , ..i7-") ,;.'i Listen and check \rour ans\\rers.

--rster.r asain and lnatch the speakers 1-6

:- phrases a-f.
:.^e r 1: Mo, Iran --
:.rker 2: Ciianfranco, Italy
- ,-cr' .l: Elenr, Rusria -
,...ker :l: Marlies, Germanl,
-:ker -5:Matt, US,-- -.
-:ker 6: Sonia, Spain --
ud it is very tasty reallv.
- :hink it is a very simple dish.
)i course notPizza Hut but Napoli pizza.
',
her- rernind me of grou-ing up in the United States.
f,pical traditional food.
'r ,u most often have it v'ith French fries.
 Reoding [onguoge focus: describing hobits
I Read Gustavo's description I Notice how we describe habits.
of food in Brazil. Choose the We normally / generally / usaally have coffee with milk.
best title for each paragraph. People like to / tend ro eat quite late.
,:r.r

,&, q
a Drinks in Brazil It is clmmln /customary to have barbecues.
b Mealtimes
2 Complete the sentences.
c Invitation to Braztl ai.:r:i::iii:!tr{li.?
'l We to have our main meal in the evening.
d Food around Brazil
*t*ffiffi
,ffi 2 It is to use chopsticks when we eat.
J On special
- occasions, people to eat out.
2 Complete the statements. People
4 - have a sandwich for lunch.
I InBrazll, people tend to eat meals a day. 5 It is for families to eat together.
2 The main meal of the day inBrazll is 6 We use fresh ingredients to prepare meals.
3 The national dish is - -
4 The most typical drinks are -. Writing
- skills: using commqs
5 Food and drink in Brazll are
IJse commas ...
to separate prepositional phrases.
ln my country, people normally have three meals a day.
to separate items in a list.
breaffiast, lunch and dinner

t Find more examples of a and b in the text.

2 Add commas to these sentences.

I In China typical dishes are rice noodles and dumplings.
z Noodles are made with flour eggs and rvater.
3 For breakfast people tend to have coffee bread and jam.

Preporing to write
I Make notes about food and drink in your country. Use
the paragraph tides to help you.
Mealtimes TtTical dishes Drinks
2 Work in pairs and share your ideas.

a The main meal of the day is ...

a Our national dish is ...
a Aspeciality / typical dish is ...
a Our main / staple food is ...
a Our most rypical drink is ...
a On special occasions, we have ...

Writing
Write a description of food and drink in your country for
a class magazine. Use your notes and the useful phrases
above to help you.

; Unit 2 Writing
 r ""! I I
rromrffiffitr BvotrjsfEns yorJr lsvlsufrge leGtrn$ns
-:rct the llistakes in eight of these sentences tr Work in pairs. Look back at dre unit you have just
, :ick (rz) the two that are correct. studied. Tell each other which parts you found easy
- :eed get rnore sleep. or difficult.
- rslish people drink a lot tea.
'r' ,u drink too lnany coffee. 2 Think about what you har e lcarnt in this unit.
- Mark the statements a, b, c or d.
--.e a coffee machine frrr rnake my coffee.
: i,s much biscuits do you u'ant? a confidently and accurately
. - .,u1d I have a feu'sugar in my tea, please? u quite confidendy and accurately
- ls chocolate tastes bitter. . with help from my notes or my teacher
- :.rve too little eggs to rnake a cake. a with difficulry
,)'ri"r't forget buy some noodles.
i ean .."
,.'. important to eat enough fruit and vegetables.
* de*cribe rny eating anrn drinking nabits
, ccobulnny * ask about eating anel drinking hahits
-- r tl.re correct option to describe each picture. x taik apout ouanliiies
::lt / carton / can of juice * descn[:e things in a kitchen
;rq / gkts-r / nrp of coffee
* p!'onOunce the solrncis k ancl rj
ttt / Jiling pan / sa'ucepan
,n /,fitrk / kn(b
*" find informati*n in a shor"t reading text
& taNk about containers drinks
.;t / -rink / rnict'owoxe anqJ
'gr'/ann/elltow * under*tand a sirng:le Iistening pa$sage
.t/foot/back deseribe how t* rilake a dish or eirink
:l /nttncle/bone
':ttn/e
/ z:egetaltle / toast
* descrlhs pilrpo$e using fo + infinitive
li/serce/taste
S Work in pairs and compare your answers.
:.::
m 4 Look at how Stefan has evaluated his language abilinr
&ffi Underline the phrases which describe ability.

ffiry @ry I tU44k I'm. qu.r'te gnd at u/4furrtal4j/lLj ren^lug texLt t/4
thg M.. satuclua"es I fhl it fuffu'Llt to nn d"erann'd thc
Sceoking cnd Writing A41zruhj ?eqatet. I'm. nzt+vry gnd. at jrnmm.ar lx'tt wy
' -.', ,1;[ in gror-rps of three and ask each other the k qu'tte gnd.. I'nted t0 ex7a'nl ruy wxabu/ay
- -: ot-ts- upean/'ly *Pry E^!M. I need ume Ltt t?eakn'1
-.''-hrt
' did vou eat and drink yesterdav?
, -) , r'or-r have a healthy diet? 5 \A/ork in pairs and describe your abilitl, in the areas
't
:'.,=::,;
tt1.":;';-;--' : :',.':'
:::'
below. Make suggestions about bow to improve.
Grammar Reading
r I eat a lot of ... Vocabularv Listening
, i eaI / drink too much / many ... Pronunciation Speaking
. oon't eat enough ... Social situations Writing

i '.1,
, rrk in pairs. You are going to have a parti, fbr & Write a letter to your teacher. Sav v'hat lou hl. t
-
- ,)ne in the clirss. \Vrite a list of the food and dr:jnkvou found easy and difficult in the classes so far. De'cril-'.
. . . :o buy. Then cornpare vour list with anrtther pair.
your general language ability.
 V*e*h*isxrvJ*1J*nd Sm*e*k!sr*
t \{atch the words to the picnrres a-h.
cave art manuscript painting
old Words in the same family:
discover - verb
photograph sculpture self-portrait
discovery - noun
sketch statue discovered - adjective
undiscovered - adjective
t \Arork in pairs and describe the pictures. Complete the sentences u.ith the correct
Use the rvords in erercise 1 and the useful lorm of discor:er.
''i ih* arai:*ei:ic;isl* rr.::ij* an i$plriaii:
phrascs to help vou.
near t** 1*wi: casti*.
; "...i.r' _.: i _ r-.,.,::..
ii l'.ic;;s ile.sl: i)::*ser-. :lir*lrhe*c rr-r

*hulrl *as*li*ri.
t This picture shows ... j '"::... _r_:j:-
-.:.._..,,,-,.
c I think this is a picture of ... ,-ici .:* ,
"* :** "l.',,
" lt looks as if + clause ...
* This is from + time / place ...
F $:
* I (really) like / don't like this picture ... 3p##Hsffiff
\4rork in p';rirs and choose one of the tasks
H***i*g be1or,r,..

; t= i .:,.. Rcacl and listcn to Discoxct'ed! ,& Tell vorr partner about an object that
or1 page 31 ancl matcir each text to a pictr-rre. is important in vour famill'. Use these
There are lour pictures that vou do not qllestions to help you pfepare.
neecl. * \\''hat is the object?
-. i3 i .r€.jr!e

* Read the terts again and complete the * Holl. olcl is it?
sentences with onc or ffrore u.ords.
* \\here did it corne from?
r Tlre Verurs de llilo is a statue of ' \\/h-y is it important to vou?
r.::.r1-&
z 'llre Wnts de f,'li/o is nou'in s Ask each other these questions.
:.i.1,:.3&
::,1.::{!;
I Sorne '\{cxican lvorkcrs cliscovered rr * Do yon likc art?
sculpnrre rvhile ther. u.ere installing \\hat kincl of art do you like?
- ,--gd
- r'*
n: . l: !r9 Do 1'611 harre any art in volrr house?
i t*t
's
.#a
The sculpnrre is nor,r. in . .. - ,.. \\hat is it? \\ho is it br'?
The couple lrom n{ilri.aukee thouqht Ilave vou ever been to an art galiervi
their \ran GopJh paintine' u-as \\hich onei
1:'51
't: 6 Vtse itith Floiuet's sold frrr
7 The rnan found the Declaration of
3,:
Inclependencc r.hile he rvas shopping at

g l-}le nranuscript r.vas insicle 21 *.-.-

rs.

4a@'
 ln 1820 a Greek peasant named Yorgos was working in his
field on the island of Milos when he found several blocks of
stone. Under the stones were four statues: three figures of the
God Hermes and one of Aphrodite, the goddess of love. Three
weeks later a group of French archaeologists arrived by ship.
'.1i
They bought the Aphrodite and took it to France. The king, Louis
XVlll, called iL Venus de Milo and gave it to the Louvre. lt is now
one of the most famous works of art in the world.

:
Under a street

A man and his wife from Milwaukee, US, asked an ari dealer to
look at a painting they had in their home. While he was walking
through the house, the dealer saw a different painting. The couple
thought this was a reproduction of a Vincent Van Gogh, but it was
in fact the original. On March 10, 1991, the painting Vase with
Flowers soldlor $1.4 million.

At a market

:., r',:. :l

archaeologist lnoun) - a person who studies ancient so. :1 .

dealer (noun) - a person who se ls a particular prod-ici

flea market (noun) - a markei where old things are s. : :: :

peasant lnoun) - a poor person who rvorks cn a.a:-:' :r: : l
reproduction (noun) - a copy of sonnethirg
YEII I

,: |a...- !.: I i...r t+

F
qRAfrI''A* :'
tjFpgerN\r! ru S Complete the texts r,vith the past simple
-.:.: -:
or past continuous fbrn-r of the verbs in
€ \Aiork in pairs. Tell each other what you brackets
rernember about the $-orks of art from p:rge
l> fial : i,=.4; t'. :r :a, "-41
I1. Use the phrases belor'v to help vou.
A Gr*ek psasant was wcrking in his fielC
vrh*n...
a..jt aila.a I rt .; itri:l jltt::=:!
ln 1978 workers (d/b) *.1
ln 13,3 a cro,-r: of [4exicai: l,o'orkei s trt"tl
behind an old casino in Dawson City,
,l:;:,:.1 1,:;, puttins cjoivn el*ctrical cables u;hen ... (discovsyl"::".
Yukon when they "
: !1.. tllii|at'::i l1i tJ::a.;ir'a more than 500 films from 1903 to 1929. The
.jrre dav an ad dea:er weet -ro i isil : 'r:arr and -
i:.. !:.?
tris,t'ife in 1,4'l*tr-,kee \ril.ile hC lt.eS rva:krnJ
films * - - - . (be) in perfect condition
because of the cold temperatures.
:',,:t,. jl.. .:.::,):' +4"^.,-L r!^ x^,.^^
tr )r uuqr I U lg i ruu>= -.. -
'. 4.4,, a :a a
+ a+ . a:.t:,1 : i a;- t' l a: { t-} :,

A :"rran from PhiiaC*iphia was shopping ai ,r.

{i^^
iivd Mdingi
t.^-,
^:., ?1tiLtI
ln 1990 Barbara Testa, a librarian, '*,-
---t "..
(find) 665 pages of an old book while she
t. i. ::.:. a',, : j:4:? a:: ::V:::.a,:
3 Check your ans\\rers in the texts. (/ook) through a trunk in
her attic. The book
f;****^t
vl uttEltEut
(be) the original manuscript of the , 'l
great American novel Huckleberry
! \Arrite the past simple forrn of the verbs Finn by Mark Twain.
the box. Nl the verbs are in the text on
ir-r
page 3 1.
Every day employees of the God's
arrive ask buy discover find House Tower Museum in Southampton. UK
get pay see sell take (put) therr bicycles against a black
rock in the basement. ln 2O0O two Egyptologists
(vrsif) the museum. They -.
* Put the verbs into tr:r,'o groups, regular
(examinelother items when they . .. . (see)
and irregular verbs. -
the black rock. They
-.
(identify) it as a 2,700-year-
Three weeks later a group of French
old statue of the Egyptian
arriaed by ship
a'rchaeohgists
King Taharqa.
Yot"gos was working in his f.eld.
Wile he ztsas walking through the honse, the
d ea lc t' saw a d iff,' rc t tt pa i nti n g.

use the past simple to taik about + E-,j, i-'t {}z f.r { t a"l 1 t"t t -' a- a. :::. a :,'\ :}.t' : : !.
- :i,
a I :.: a,

completed actions in the past

use the past continuous to talk about an
action in progress in the past V*ecbasicry,u
the past continuous is common with
3 \4hich of these things can volr see in the
a simple past action u herr one action
picture on page 33?
interrupts the other
armchair carpet coffee table
curtains larnp mirror shelf
sola r,r all ra indor,r
3 \Ahich things do,vou have in your house?
\A/here are they?
Reoding
1 & 2.34 Read and listen to an exrracr from
' -. book The Picture of Dor.ian Gnzy. What was
',:oening?

2 l\brk in pairs. Choose two of these

. ,::rions and then discuss them.
. Have you read this book? \trrould you like to?
. Dorian makes a wish by saying:
'l r ish that I could always be voung. I wish Glcs*ary
:hat picture could grow old instead of me.' cruel (adjectivel - causing pain to people
],\buld you make the same wish as Dorian?
huge (acljective) - extremely large
"r,\hv?
soul (noun) - the spiritual pad of a person
. Do vou think people are too concerned wit (nour) - the ability to use words in a clever way
'.' ith being young in today's society? that makes people laugh
. '\bur personality is u'ritten on your face.'
I.\hat does this quote mean? Do you agree
,.i'ith it? wrrTrng
? Read the opening sentences from four
Fronune iafion short stories.
1 ft i.33 Listen to some senrences from
-: r€\t. Tick (/) the verbs that have an extra
'
,":ble in the past tense.
-rcicle- decided ! ,,',:::.+ ::;-;:;r,, l.a:;: , i.:a?..\::4 i,:.*:a,,)iti1_;ra. *t-j:-
, i', - walked
alk - ,. a,:1.*','.: jt:;
: ':iija',
itop - stopped - ta:::.,a::'a-.

- -rrok- looked -
I rpen - opened- iiq;; il.,:r"lA,ir :::-t+ ,.i:jiV :,i:;: e.;:.::'. :';-::;.:+.
, -
:emember - remembered
il')a:::
:.:, ;,, i-i'.,ai iii:1::,j:.,i1:...; :a:-.|::,1i.tj. '::,j ii: :.::+
-
2 ?ractrse saylng the verbs and the past tense i-r-t::rt-i
=:
ji'l::liri,:,i::_
:-j

2 Choose one of the sentences and

3 Hou'do you pronounce the past tense of continue the story. Write two or three *scar Wilde (1 85zl-1900)
--::C f-efbS? more sentences. Oscar Wilde was an lrish
writer of plays, poetry and
asked discovered hated finished 3 Work in pairs. Swap your stories and
add another sentence to your partner's novels. He was famous for his
stened loved needed started
story. Then retlrrn the story to volrr wit and commentary on the
,',anted worked
partnef. society of Victorian London.
 V*amhu*&mr"y
? Rearrange the letters to make the correct
li-orc1s

<(< >>
yapl wirend staf wad

I
pots
ll
saupe
^4.
I
cejet

*. t'k ,..:i. I-isten and check Volrr answers.

Thcrr rcpc:rt t he r,r or',1r.

S I'Iatch the u.ords to the pictures on page 3-i

:luLli()(:tssette -,,-
C,D
D\D plrrr cr
h ead phones
\ I P3 plrr er
$p**kdrxg record
? Look at pictures a and b. Make some recortl plrler
notes o1-l the clifferences betu'een then'r. Use video cassette ...--.-
useftil lang'uage and pl-rrases to help vou. Do vou have anv of these things at horne?
the d$ t# ,,l,i Cornplete the instructions u-ith
the r,vords in tl-re box. Then listen ancl cl-reck
\rour ans\\'ers.
s classical music * concert hall
e conductor € drummer button down off on plug up watch
* guitarist e orchestra
* play " rock group

e This looks like ...

e The picture at the iop / bottom shows ...
* l\laybe / perhaps it's in ...

* \\brk in pairs and describe the

difFererrces bcru ecrr tlrc picnrrcs.

* \\rork in pairs and ask eacl'r other tl-rese

questions.
* \\'hat kincl of nrusic do vou like?
* \,\here do vou usually listen to music? At
home, at u-ork, on the br-rs etc?
* Do vou listen to rnusic rvhile vou are
u.orking or studr,'ing? \41hat kind of
tnusic? S \4rork in pairs. X"Iake a simiiar set of
instructions for a CD or tr{Pl plaver.
- ;rening emd Wririmg Grgrmme n"

- :re qoing to hear a lecture about

' -: )r\- of sound recording. Before People used to listen to masic on uinyl discs.

-::n. list the words from vocabulary Vinyl records used to be popular.
'- ,; -l in order from oldest to newest. They didn't ase to baz;e CDs.

t! ' .:i& Listen to the lecture and check

. use rxed. to to taLkabout regular actions
- ra:\\ efS. in the past which don't happen now
. use used to to talk about siruations in
.:.n aqain and complete the notes. the past vrhich arent rue now
. the negative ol used to is didn't use to

? Look at the picture below and rewrite the

sentences wid'L used to.
In those days farnilies were bigger.
ln those days families used to be bigger.
t Most women were housewives.
z People didn't have lots of things.
: Most families didn't have a television.
+ Some families had a radio in the living
IOOm.

2 Make questions with did and use ro. Add

two more questions.
t What rnusic you listen to?
z Where you go to school?
3 you - - hair?
have long

& - each other the

Mrork in pairs and ask
-
questions. -
m ffi f**us * 1. ;i,i.ri. 4,r'F
G w Gro-r**r
Oi.t .i . . ( r u."; r.- .... p:C.. .'.J
- lnglish we can use the phrase the nineties
:- Cescribe the years from 1990 to 1999. Fncmur*eistient
.> at univeraity lri ft]€ fiineries.
- nformal writing we can write the g1s. ! % ?,3* Listen and repeat these
--e years 2000 to 2010 are sometimes called sentences. Pay attention to the stressed
'-= noughties. words.
,mplete t-he sentences r.rith tJre correct Mv brother used to olav the suirar.
.: -'ades.
I didn't use to listen to classical music.
ron t like musrc from
'r89).
.- - i]980* In connected speech, usedto is pronounced
. ^^ *^-^ i^
,.d>uurriilr /tna^ tnen\
lrvuu-i,eavt.
/jurste/.
',.as at school in (1S/0 lgBS). 2 Underline the stressed words in
grammar exercise 1.
-
S % E.€* Listen and checkyour answers.
Then repeat the sentences.
Port 4

Voee burlcry N"istening

I Match the words in bold to the words in 1 ffi ':..;itli
Listen to the composer Anclv
Lhe lr,rx u ith sirnil:rr me:rnings. Price talking about horv he uses rnusic in
.-.-_.-:.:aa :t.. ;r::!1j; + t*
I was feeling cheerfrrl todat because ... filnrs and TV programr.nes. Tick (r') the
... makes me feel very calm. f-eelings he mentions.
:,::la : ii _' _.::rji:::li:
Last u.eek I u''as miserable because ...
iti-i: : iglt;:!
I'm frightened of ... angry calm excited happy
... makes rne sleepy. sad safe scared tense
I'm alu'ays anxious when "..
angry bored excited happy 2 Listen again and choose the correct
ans\\.ers.
relaxed sad scared tense tired
Music used to be / has always been an
2 Complete the sentences in exercise 1 so important paft of film and television.
thev are true fcrr you.
lf you want an audience to feel scared / angry
e & i,JI I-isten ro four short pieces of then use violins, played very quickly and on
music. F{ow cio they make you feel? a high note.

4 Ilnasine one clf the short pieces of rnusic Gentle music on a guitar, piano or violin is
is part of a scene frorn a fihn. Listen again good for love scenes / death scenes.
and answer the cluestions. Choral music (people singing) can make an
, \A'here is the scene? audience feel fense / sad.
o \Arho is in the scene?
. Hou'do they feel? When the character of Robin Hood appears
, What is happening? in the programme you can hear trumpets I
guitars "

5 \Vork in pairs and tell each other about

dre scene you irnagined. The orchestra used to play / usually plays in
front of a large screen showing the film.

3 \Arork in pairs ancl compare your answers

 :^ use/ust in spoken English in different ways.
- - ihasis:
' ' .* nf{l
-'=z^ anly:
.- -aliss rne bared.
":=t avcnlltt'

..:i iike his father"

- into thc fbllou,ing scntences. \\/hat doesjrzst
' :r each one?
:- ^+ -.1^^^^
-- -li:1. lilledDU.
:s a mistake.
'' - ..'.-tlo'lheClf ls\rurai I lvanied.

::rking cmd Reedimg

,. in pairs. \\trite clolrr thc namcs of
, )p g'lroups you can tl]ink of in One

-, u ith anothcr pair and colnp:lrc

'-, f]rerr rlls\\cr tlrcsc tltrcsti,rrrs.
) nllsic popul:rr in 1'our countn'?
' listcns to pop lnusic?
,lr like pop music?
' Reacl ancl listen to the extract
\ick Ilornbs,'s High Fidelitl .Ilorv does
.'ic nrakc the rvriter f'eel?

Pairs ancl discuss these

,,frlt
', oLr think tl're author is bcing serious
t-t
t tn\.i
'. \\ riter thinks British people are verv
l.etl of violence in videos.
people in I'our colultrv \\orrY about
.: Dci vou thinli it is a problemi

G I nce*nr"
melancholy (noun) - a feeling of being very sad and having no hope
miserable (adjective) - extremely unhappy
 uf"d
sld
q&f s€ c' sle
dss IHF#
s 8"1 L*#gei€xfie ftreL,$; trsr€€ir'i# ffi ft#
"ryHr d6
#EStrffreeiffi#
T \4rork in pairs and look at the pictures fronr four difl-erent
Ilhrs. n{atch the pictures to the types of film in the box. 1 Read the sentences and markl for agreeing, D fbr
disagreeing or l for in betu''een.
action comedy drama horror musical T rgree.
romantic comedy science fiction thriller Absolutely. / Definiteli,r
I don'r agree (rt lll).
ft Describe the sirnilarities and differences betr'veen Well. rrrrybe brrt ...
the pictures. Yrru're absolutely right.
That's what I think too.
S \\hat kjnds of films do you like? Oh plea'ei
:4.;,!.:j::.-j::ii:..!7::"::::;::::":..:.:.:.,,
That s right.
.:tt rt+l ::. :!::i:..j

a::=.1,4i;!i;:ti':'..m: :i:,. r r:
I sort of agree / disagree but ...
,j::;.jr.l.:+:::r...:.1.t 11.....;. : : :

E xa r'tlr .
* costumes e in black and white
e madial arls R '.ryii I =i.- Listen and check your answers. Then listen and
repeat the phrases. Try to copy the intonation.
.3iliiji:illil.;* j
;i!;: -.:::,,,:,:r .,

Spec$<&*g
* I think this one is a / an ...
s l've seen / l've never seen ... Wbrk in pairs ar-rd choose one of the tasks below-.
a This could be from lndia / Germany ... & Complete these sentences with your ou-r-r icleas.
* Jir''o great fiIms are --- -- and
$ t€?#m&ridn
FFl*sksrr!!# * Tu,'o great actors are ancl - - -

T 4:F i.Gr;-.i.;1.* Ljsten to three conversations about fihns

* The best musician from rnv countn-is
--,,--
* The worst kind of rnusic today is
and match each one to a situation. There is one siruation
t-or-r don't need.
Compare your ideas ll'ith your partner. Do you agree
An inten'ieu.situation, perhaps on television or on raclio. or disagree?
"
t -\ couple deciding u.hat to rent at a D\iD shop.
. Tro frientls corning or-rt of the cinema. & Decide hou,- much you agree or dis:rgree u'ith these
a A te acl-rer giving his opinions about films to a cl:rss. statements.
* -N{usic used to be much better.
* l-isten aq'ajn and ans\.\.er the questions. u Hollvu-oocl alw'ays produces the same kinds of films.
Conr-ersrrtion I : Did thev both like the filmi * There is a lot of exciting new art around todav.
Conr crsrtion l: \\h:rt kinds of films do thel' talk about? u Art galleries and museums are important for socieq-.
Conversation -l: \\l-rat kind of film cloes the \vorrran
\\ ant to \ce: Compare vour opinions with your partner. Do you agree
or disagree?
 The'power of music
by David Crystal

'-s c has the power to engage all the emotions - from excitement to relaxation, from tears to laughter.
: -: ,'.'hy does it have such power over us? The clue lies in babies.
--: ,',,ord lullaby has been in English since the Middle Ages. lt's one of several, such as rockaby and
' -s^aby, which show how generations of mothers have helped their children fall asleep through music.
:.: es can hear in the womb about two months before they're born. Newborns prefer their mother's
#{*ssery
: :e to that of a stranger.
And they show preferences in music too. One research study played the
clue (noun) - a piece of
::-e tune to a group of mothers every day throughout pregnancy; another group of mothers didn't information that helps you tc
-=:" ihe tune. When all the babies were born, their head-rate was monitored while the tune was understand something
: .., ed to them. Only the 'musical' babies reacted to the tune. longer (adverb) - more time
--:'e s something special about the music of the voice. From the moment a baby is born, the monitor (verb) - to regularly
*::^er talks to it in an unusual way. Her voice ascends and descends from very high to very low - check something
stranger (noun) - someone
- ist like singing in speech. And infants soon copy. You can hear them trying to sing from around
-: months of age. who you do not know

': rdy, of both speech and music, is especially

;- ficant. ln another study, infants were shown two
::ires of their mother. ln one she was singing and in
-
= other she was speaking. They looked for longer at
-: singing one.
-3ing also simplifies our vocal behaviour: words are
:-::n shorter, sounds are clearer and repeat more often,
'^: they often rhyme. Nursery rhymes* work so well
:::ause they combine these effects clear rhythm,
=:eated sounds and rhyme. ln the music of speech
,s the foundation of poetry.

-inl
? IL!
t:ga
UM
i& Reacl thc text aeain. \\hat do these u'ords ref-er toi

,ti.* ,h. nurserv rhl,rne .,r,ith the rvords in the bor.

r it (linc 2) s thenr (line 12)
\no\\i this lhlrne?
z It (linc -3) 6 one (line 18)
r that (line Q z ther. Qnre 2l )
3 ows fall + it (line I l) 8 thcl- (line 22)
* \\rhich of the facts in thc tcxt cio 1.6vq1 think are the nrost
:.-a-bye baby on the tree top, interestingJ? Conrprre vclur icleas n'ith rt partner.
' : - :1e wind .-- -- .

. :'adle will rock, L*nga;mg* $*ews

':- :1e bough breaks
Look at the u.ords in the box and put them ir.rto n\() grolrps
, : 'ad le will -. - ,,
tnttsic or ltnlties.Then translate tl-rem into vour langr.tage.
- ,,,'ll come baby,
.-: and born infant melody musical nursery
-.,.
pregnancy rhyme singing tune womb
- ,. ou rernernber anY nlrrserv rh\.rnes in \.our
- -:: \\''hat are thevi F ie
*p**Kf st#
l.
-r,; M"$ \\rork in pairs zrncl ask eacl-r other these qucstions.
r l tl.re text. \\,-hich sentencc is the best sulnnun'? - i : . :1 ,.
-
-ic lrcl poetrv arc 1inhcc1.
. dicl t'our Inother or father sing to you? \\Ihrr :.n 'l
. clid you har,e a far.ourite record or groupi \\-hrt rt,:. -:
: .rle afl-ectecl bv rnusic fi'orn a verv voung aqe. .
,irs arc rnore sensitive to rnusic than aclults. did l'ou plar,' an instrunrent? \Vhich onei
. clid vor,r har.e music class rt school? Dicl lon .n', . -:
..rbies are an English inr-entiort.
. dicl ,vou use to sing? \A'hat sons-si
 iiliili:itntai::i:u1:J:r .
i .

ti:!:i:rlni:ii!ri11":: i:r.l, ::: l

Reoding 2 Find 12 more places where Stefano has joined sentences

with a comma.
I Read Stefano's review of a concert
he went to and answer the questions. 3 Join some of the sentences using and,but or so.

1 Who gave the concert?

2 What sort of singer is he? Longucge focus: cdieetives
3 Where was the concert held?
Make your writing more interesting by avoiding words
4 What happened during the concert?
llke nice, good or great LTse your dictionary to find different
5 Did Stefano enjoy the concertl
words.

Improve Stefanot writing by using these words in the text.

moving power{ul talented tender and expressive

Freparing to write
I Think of a concert you have been to or would like to go
to. Make notes about it. Use the useful phrases below to
help you.
Paragraph 1: \44ro was the concert given by? Give some
information about the performer.
Paragraph 2: Where did the concert take place? Who was
in the audience? What happened during the concert? How
did you feel?
Paragraph 3: What happened at the end? How did you
feel?

2 Work in pairs and share your ideas.

r The concert was given by ...

. lt was a live / open air / sell-out conced.
. lt took place in a stadium / a concert hall / a field.
a The hall was full /packed / half empty.
e The audience cheered / clapped / shouted.
e The music was brilliant / powerful /moving.
r I felt excited / / happy.
2 Would you enjoy the concert? Why? moved

Writireg ski!!s: sen*enees Wriring

I You cannot join sentences with a comma. You need to Write a review of a concert. Use your notes to help you.
i
start new sentence using a fulI stop and capital letter.
a i

Stefano wrote: i

Last summer I went to a conceri given by l,/asco Fossr. he ls

one of ltaly's most famous rock stars.

He should write:
Last summer I went to a conceft given by Vasco Rossr. He is
one of ltaly's most famous rock stars.

f -- rWritino
Qir.
rromm&r eomverssfiom perfnerx
' -,,r.np1ete the sentences r'r-ith tlie past sirnple or past I \Arork in pairs and discuss these questions.
:r.rLror-rs forr.n of the verbs in brackets. , How often do y'oti speak English outside class every
- l,r\\' lnucl1 b,ou / pt1,) for that paintinc^? week?
(ttot / p,r-y ) anvthing. It was :r present. " In what situations do you speak English? For example,
'.i,hen
lve (ttrri-"te) at the cinerna, our friends with friends or family, at $'ork, in social siftiations etc.
(-,r'air) for us. " \d4rat do you talk about?
- ', il q'randfather (fir| valuable ruen rLscript r How can speaking outside class help to improve your
^
rile he (zuork') in his attic. speaking abilir.v?
: {e (sell) it to the rnuseum for more than half
One way to praetise speakinq is to rneet with a
, nillion dollars.-
con\rersation partner hetween class€s" Your partner
L,rrnplete the sentences r,litl-r tl-re correct firrrn of trsed to t:an be sorneone from your English olass. You ean
rhe- rvords in brackets. use some of your tinre togeiher to practise what
\hat kind of music / listen) to when you you have iearnt in elass.
$,ou
,,cre a childi
- (lisren) to pop rnusic. I (nor / like) 3 \A,.ork in pairs. Make arrangements to meet as
-..rssical music then, but I clcl r-rou,-. -- conversation partners this week.

-
''ocobu!cry * Deeide on a time and plaee to rneet.
' lclcl the definitjons and cornpJete the u,ords. ln school, befbre or after the class?
.rrq-e 9rou1-r of musicians u.ho use In one persor-r's house at the r,r''eekencl?
rjtrlrments to plav classical rnusic o In a brlr or caf6 in tl.re evenir-rg?
. )Lr can listen to live music here c C)n the phone?
h - * Decide lrow !ong you will rneet for"
.n irnirge of a person or enimal, - For fifteen rninutes?
:rrde of stcx-re, metal or u.oocl s For half arr houri
. , )Lr usuallv put books on these s Sorne other length of tiruei
tnrrrlortable objcct to sit orr
- it
,v Eeeide which of theee topies you wouid like tc
1 --omplete the sentences rvith tl-re correct -\\rord. talk about. Add your ovrn icleas.
- rrsed to be angry / tense / igl:tened ofhorses. f Filrdine out about each otl-rer.
. \.ulna :rlu.:rvs has a happl' face - she'.s a sad / chcejiil / \bur taste in :rrt, music or books.
..rrtr/ person. Things I'ou usecl to do in a previous school.
- irirte exams - thev make rne nnrirtn / relaxed / sle ep\,. Feelingp that,vou had this u.eek.
" \s a chilcl I usecl to feel verv nisernltle / bored / excited Some thing's that vou dicl this u.eek.
,irout goinlf on holiclay - it u,as the best w-eek of the Instructions fbr using solnething.
i'.1f.

Speoking cnd Writing 4 N{ake some notes after the meeting.

" :,\irrk in p:rirs. You are ill in bed and feeling rr.riserable. \\,'hat was dre most he1pful or interesting part of
, i our partner hor,v to fincl your favourite music ancl plav the rneeting?
' :-- \ our music player. Thcn s$rap roles lrrd repeat. t \Vhat was difficult?
3 \Ahat will you do differently next tine:
? ,\ ork in srnall groups. \drrite four sentences about vour
.lhcrod using z.iel to or didn't use t0. One nrust be fa1se.
,.; it in turns to read out vour sentences and tn' to guess
' 'h one is false.
 Serf l

qf***"t, **-"
? "s.sLLd F;'nF"fiSJl 4 :'r $?*mdcr'*g
d

? Look at the phrases belorv. Put thenr E Read the text U/han I g'oi; zlp. \Irhrt are
in order frorn most importent (1) to least the children talking about?
import:rnt (4). Compare yoLrr answers u.ith a Their hopes for their or,vn lir,'es ancl their
paftrler.
"
fanrilies
being good-looking being intelligent u Their l-ropes for the r'r'orlcl
rich Both a ancl b
being having good health "
* in bold in exercise I to
X,'Iatch dre rl'ords * Read the tert again. \\Ihich qlrotes irre
tl.re u,ords in the box u'ith silrilar meanings. the most interesting frrr you? Choosc tr'vo
There are two r.vords in the brix that vou clllotes and tell x partner.
clcin't neecl.
* \\rork in pairs. Choose tu.o of these
questions ancl then discuss thern.
awful beautiful clever excellent
handsome smart terrible wealthy * Do,vor-r tirink these children :rre
optirnistic or pessimistic abor,rt the
well-off wonderful
funrre?
* Do children in 1'6111 colrntrtr- have similar
i3 Look at the n^'o extra s.ords. \A/hat rre hopesi
they synonyms of) * Did vou have sirnil'.rr hopes u'hen you
ivere a childi
4 Look at vour list frorn exercise 1. Do 1.ou
think your order u'as different in the P:rst?
Horv abor-rt in the funrre? Complcte the
sentences and then compare r'vith a partner.
Wher I virs yclricer i prcbabi"v Lh,;r:gil ... was
rrrrs inpn$iill.
... t;ll! be lr.ta:ttJ ifrD{ifi.rri-:i:rvitsrt i'n: ,;l**l-
a,.-.- -
wF{€hE E * ,", .:, .- 35 \one aas
^o \oflq
I can. tt.:':,:: t-.=...
aa: z;*it:l
..-.
,: .i,t\S-.
,e,,.1
ff\unn ! ,i,:,.-
Wu;t
#ffiffiw
,t;i;,j.i,::;:.
.

#Wi
-
"':'\nfil\

\${ar*\o\Ne::srhe\ do s.methins
bad
:., \Nne
so(il
I hope that People in m) iareasa\i

|,dtiketohavelotsotm0ne\:-.1'"?4....}''t.t?1*i,@
,--.o't :*lj21t+
/ hope
j'i'j"z " *
- :'-=":;i:{"{5*{+'3}'':'*"*n"u:;"t
:'
.-,.,,.,:.,1,2 11
rzop.c W to

- c\ann\ng t"
--^\{a{e\"no\*u,sdrtterentlanguagesry,-r,.,r;;,,*,:,totofrn0ney
My family is gning
*':j,-!
3':2, a- ,,
i*"t-',i*{
:t'::i-;1;: tuly to find u hn, fif' *:.
a &0X ...::i 1-.:,.:,
!::: r,-
-'^,"7
a:=.,:
trff€'s{l&
rnum meets s0meone
and has a baby'
\hoperhatrni
Gromrngr * Complete the text using the correct forln
of the words given.
I bope to haae a lot of monej,.
The hopes of children
I could like to be super intelligent.
ln a survey of English schoolchildren, researcher Cathie Hoiden found that.
I nt
lookingforru:ard to being older.
for their personal future, the ma.iority of boys and girls hope fo go / going to
I'm going to be a fun but good teacher.
university or college. They also all hope geffthg 1 to get a good job. More boys
o rse haPet Pla,n, want and zuould like to are planning fo pass / pass their driving te$t than girls, and more,girl$ are
looking forward to have / having children.
talk about future hopes that aren't
definite For their local ar€a, children in the repod said they hope for less violence and

. fewer poor people" They also said that they would like have I fo have more
use the infinitive after hope, plan, want
parks and places to play. The majority of boys and,girls are looking forward
and would like
ta tiving / live in a world without wars and an important number of them said
. use look forward to to talk about de6nite they would like things to get / gefting better in the developing world.
future plans
. rse be going n to talk about things you
#reE:c1|tt#r *+e*g * {:t'.}':i:t-',:.},t ,t r,ta),4
have already decided to do

a l.
1 FIou- rnany correct sentences can you )peaKrng
-:,^e ri.ith the words in the table? Use the
-: r: to help you. ? Choose three of the icleas in the box that
you u.ould like to talk about.
hope
going . A place you hope to visir one day
looking n Something you hope you don't do in tJre
get a good
forward ftrnrre
getting job.
planning " Something you're not looking ltor-ward to
want * A person you'd like to meet one day
would like * A person you're going to see today

? Work in pairs. A: tell B about your ideas.

B: ask for more information.

S Swap roles and repeat.

..:,;,llt..i|.::.;i.;::1:i:.:1:i'::1]irilwanttooe$00d-lookingw
' **fai,ce' reY
da\
rne .ne
I. t"En
tt* wAiS
fu\JAiS *eca;se n+,, h.^
;r hrcths,-*
i:-;:';"c'-
^ -,ifa,
t,,tit

dad t0
understand **, rtr,.
f d liKe my in ,^
"' the
. 1.". l:;: l ii:it i:t"i i;lilfil i*ilti?*:l ar,ht
,,,r.,
'1 .'i i''
ri:r!r-i':.:ii-1
:":,..::,
,
@i,C *E?: r*E**"iir
rrr$ e'4 Iwary
tn ,
*^* nftil'dLru;
i$b;) u*
a
,u
hAVo
Ii ;ihe
'rriv t* --
rvt'AVe - -d_ n.
'ace
/d ho(rse
-r 'nrite'
v, rr-' " "" oo ol'd like pe'ple t0 Qrn'^'
oorru'lllh u
t'ku
to

lta'ooq
lta0o0d{{tte'l'dlikepe0pletogroLu,-'u@tolh^'
"'oeher;a difference
or,
. \\\\ Y
t*,qtirnq\ow -' otb
,ilant to be WlS0. Hc:,.*: -,:.: ,
 {*oo*l,,io"u
q:Mt"#&!r(H ^*u{ itu istening
s#rsu V*ewba*Xmry ffi md Frmmumqiwtism
T Snrclr'the graph irbout fbreien aicl ? r\'Iatch the rvords in the Lrox to tl-rc
bcloui'lhen lvork in prrirs ancl cliscuss the definitions belorl''.
qLresti ons.

Does irnvthing about the qraph surprise

disease homelessness hunger
" natural disasters pollution poverty war
1'OU?
e Do vou knorl, any- aicl orglnisrticins?
\\11-rat are ther'?
r people c1o not hale enor-rqh moneJ,'
* FTave vori ever qir.en monev to :rn aicl
z people do not l-rave a place to lir.e
or:ganisation?
: people do not have enoush foocl
s Do \ou think riclr countries shoulcl e'ive + peopic are sick
lnore ntoney iu fbrciqn aici? s countries are fightinq cach other
6 Do 1,'ou kttolr. an'one u-ho u.orks for an 6 \\,eather or environmerrtal problerns
such as floclcls (too much rvater) or
aid orqanis:rtion?
earthrluakes (u,heu the earth rnoves)
S :.':,, Listcn to t\\,o aid urrrkers talking
:1.:.,;'
z the air, water or land is dirtv'
about their next job. Pr-rt the intcn'ieu'er'.s
questi(x-rs itncl cornrnents in the cclrrect orcler.
* Conrplete the pronunciation chart with
fi'om exercise 1.
tl-re r.iorcis
IIou. did vou beconre aid u'orkersi
\{"hrt is the r.r-rost ilrportant tlrirrq in O Oo oC) Ooo oOo
\ tr ttltlttral
vour jobi
So, tell us lbout vourselves.
'I'hanks for vour time.
-L
S tt'.+ : ,::. Listen ancl check vour :lns\lrers
\I'hat are I'ou eoir.rg'to do tl.rere? Tlrcn repcat tlte ir r,r'tls.
* Listen again. \\l-rat do tl-rese worcls rnean
in the listcnins?

Danish Guatemala
two years ago village

4 \\rould vou like to u-orli lirr an aid

org'anisation ? \,\'h1'?

This graph shows the percentage of

GNP (Gross National Product) that developed
countries give to foreign aid. The grey line shows the
average percentage of all OECD countries.

T
! TR
E6'
g
E N
; ! 3
z f
f
Srommsr
.ti ar"egoing to work u:ith the children there.
: ;:e ot'ganisation is star.t)ng a nezu project in
ttittemalo ne,yt )lear
. use be goingto to talk about drings you
have already decided to do
. use the present continuous to taik
about future plans, often when they are
already arranged

Read the text and decide ifthe

:crlirrcd pilrts rlre correct or inc,rrrect.
.n correct the mistakcs.

Susana:wgfk€ foie]Spanish.iNGO..:in Madi'id;,

The organjSa!'o*,tt *tnrt a,trroie'C-!. next,.,.'',.,, .- .

month ioi.EthioBia,r S'usana,

: is: going'{or Wo rk,
with a :bcQl::womenls.:qfganisati.on,jnrthe,], :i . ir r,,'
country..T6g9!hei:tl]6y!!!pj$h{ p,,,,',:,

an educalionalprojeet:fq-f,paegnant:women.r, .
Susana:,i53oin$lOj ilq,.EthiqpiaVtjth',a., . .,,:

group of doctors. 'l'm a bit nervous, but I've

been tO:Afriea,bdfciie-.anld,:!::know,,Lthiopiit;,1, .,,rr
n" :i.sre-itt,broieCiil.:'
""i!:.
.l :,x-$\'
2 Complete the questions with the present
$w
*S. t,,
ntinnous or be goittg to.
r:'-!
\: \44rat (r/o) after class?
/:!l,l
B: Meeting a friend.
- -\: you (gu) away
next sununer?
B: No, I'rn staving here.
.\: - you - (r'earl) an Reoding ond Speekimg
English book this year? \'Vork in pairs. Read Puntltnn's ltot
B: Yes, am. I have a detective novel
I I rnd then discuss the questions,
want to read.
- . \ 4ry do you think the Ancient
you (uork)
Greeks thought hope u.as
tomorrow?
dangerous?
B: Yes, I arn. I start at Saml
, {: you - (stufu')
Did people use to have more
hope twentyyears ago?
English next year?
A hundred years ago?
B: Yes, I think so.
Are you a person with a lot of
-
3 \\'ork in pairs and ask each other the - hope? \ilhy or w-hy not?
'--stions from exercise 2.

* z tar;ezt:*c&r $+r r: g -,.:r: i.L ii : i r r:'ri i-; i r i" !-i :,

 Fqrt 3

4 Read dre sumrnaries again :rnd decide if

li'.!+*.r :ri i i +:: : i!'a: i,{::: K€QdEffiS
the sentences refer to 1981, Braue !{eu Wor/d
T \Ahich novels do students in vour (Blllla or A Hand'mnitl's Thle (HT1.
country usuall),'have to read at schttol? Did
i:!i i',:!i{::!:!} * *;;t:i.'1-. t \\ron-ren u'on't be able to have children.
You read them:
i'':'ij:. i:"+ r.:?:iq: t+':

X Look at the titles belou' cif three famous z There'll be only three countries in the
.::-.: ti:::t :.:: .;
books that students in manv English- u'orld.
gi]:r:.:rr:i arij r+r!, :t::1 speaking countries often sntdy Do you : - be a nuclear disaster.
There u-ill
knor,v anv of these books? + \Ve u'on't have \\rars. --- -
s Babies u'ill be born in firctories. --
* 4-:'e. :.:.!i Read and listen to dre o The government r.vill control people's
surnmaries and tick (r'') the f-eatures thoughts. --
they have in cornrnon. z Lore r,iill he a crinre.
" The storv happens in the funrre. s People u'on't get sick -frclm disease. .---
u The governnent controls even-thing. $ Look at the sentences in exercise 4. Do
. The ston'happens in Eng1anc1.
vou think these things u''ill happen in the
a People are happy future? Teil a partner.
-

a lt's possible. e l'm sure ... won't .

* I don't think ". * l'm sure... will ...

e Maybe ... * I hope not.

frlnee
v!essqr
qnr
J

dystopia (noun) - imaginary place or situation where everything is very bad

Nineteen Eighty-Four The author: George
interlile (adjective) - not physically able to have children
The novel is set in the future, but it is the year Orwell (1903-1950),
pollution (noun) - chemicals and other substances that have a harmful effect

'"n""fr
on
1984. Winston Smith lives in London, part of the air, water or land
country Oceania. There are three countries in revolulion (noun) - a situation in which people completely change their
the world: Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia. Big government or political system
Brother is the leader of Oceania. The government .€ *..{+
controls everything, even people's thoughts.
totalitarian (adjective) - controlling a country and its people in a very strict way

Winston works for the government, but he is a -#i underground resistance (noun) - a secret organisation that fights against the
getting tired of his boring life. He meets Julia,
another worker, and they fall in love - a crime in
#kAg, qroup that controls their country

Oceania. The government discovers their secret,

and Winston and Julia must go to the Ministry of Love, a centre for A Handmaid's Tale
enemies of Big Brother. ln the future a revolution replaces the government of the United
States with the totalitarian Republic of Gilead.
Brave New World Because of pollution and nuclear accidents,
London, 600 years in the future. The Controllers many women are infertile. New laws create
are the rulers of the world. People don't know the job of handmaid, a woman who can have
war, poverty, disease or pain. They enjoy leisure babies for rich families.
time. spods and pleasure, but they are not free. This is the story of Offred, a handmaid. Offred
The Controllers create babies in factories. Adults works for Fred, a commander, and his family.
are divided into five social classes, from the She wonders if she can get away, and learns
intelligent alphas lo the worker eps/ons. about an underground resistance from another
When a man from a wild area of the world gets to handmaid. But there isn't much time. lf Offred
London, he criticises the society. ln the end, he doesn't get pregnant soon, she knows they
"as to choose between joining them or dying. will send her to the dangerous colonies.
r romm#r Voecbulcny
I Look at these phrases with ger from the
. ;:tre will be only three countries in the
summaries. \Vrite them next to the correct
'-,1,1.
meanings of ger in the table below.
i- uten wontt be able to haue children.
t \4,tinston w-orks for the gor.'ernment, but
. vse will and wlvx't to talk about future he is getting tit'ed of his boring life.
predictions z \V}ren a man frorn a wild area of dre
. use will / uon't be nble ro to talk about world ger^r to Londrm ...
ability or possibility in the future I If Offred doesn't get pregnant soon ...
+ The popuiation gets oll their infonnation
' from the television.
R.e ad the text about Fahrenheit 151.
s Soon Montag gsl.r i.nterested in the books . .
':rplete the summary below by reu'riting
. :nclerlined sentences v,ith will / uon't ot Meaning of ger
. ;:ott't be altle to.
beconie gettizxg tit'ed

recelve

atflve

2 Match the phrasal verbs u'ith gel to the

correct definitions.
1 get around a return (from a journel)
2 get away t travel
3 get back ,,"..,$:9,1!urt,'of,bed ,,.,.1,.i, ,..;:,.;
4 get together:,d,t,leavql escape ;. ;,-.':. , . ' , ,
s get up ,,e.:spe d ti.mewith,som,eo'ne
3 Workin,paigq,and alk,eaehotherthe,,,,,
questions.,. :,:.: :,.'.'.1'.],,,:

lmagine it's a perfee!;.utcpian world ...

n What time do you get up every
dayi
- Rav Bradbury's vision of the future ... \Ahat tjme do you get back honre
'
'^. government will control society through {iom workl ,';; . .,.
"= media. * Wrhere {s.you geta*a}awhen you
need a holiday?
2 Read the definition of tLtopia. \A'rrite five o How often do you get together
--,licrions lor a lirrure utopia.
with iriends and family?

utopir (noun) - an imaginary place or

' Hor.r do you get around? \Arl-rat
kind oftransport do you use?
.ituation in which everything is perfect

z j -,97s32"771llu*.'; ?+ret* -" ii:t:rli:11-;i::ii: ii .i:lf +

'' :i,}:,i,:,i: .:: :::::r*;'-'i:i:t ,i i:f,iill',. r,:ir : l,:lj
==;s
 *E 4@',*€g
re,=
+4

F e **-5 j "b -F-F a ''

;;-,.4'+ryeia
;.- *=
1+hs .,'E h ,"r
-lEl- + {. "rl-. i*"-

Port 4

'ii;i&*,-{:=!! :.:,rii }++1}:+.:::

,4r] ;i:xi!1:"+il:+:iil tf f,iia!
i li:j::::::[.t.
Fr..?+r+ 9llii+: *i'*r;;,:,:
Voeobulary
1 Look at the pictures and complete
v'orcls with dre correct vowels.
2 % i "li Listen and check vour ans\\''ers.
Therr repeat the wortls.
Listening
the I Look at the film poster on page 49. Hou
does the poster describe the film? \\hat do
you think it is about?
2 % L5? Listen to people talking about
the film and check your answer.

.::lr?l::iir::j 3 Listen again. Are dre staternents true

*!i;*+ g+ s,:.lts t"; "6+ (7) or false (fl?
* r,:* :t i i: lt **; it +-"
Speaker 1: FIe sar,r,' the film a feu. years ago.
Speaker 2: She didn't know about global
u''arminp; and climate chang'e before she sau
the llhn.
Speaker 3:He liked dre fihn.
Speaker 4: He thinks it's a typical
Holly.wood film.
Speaker 5: She doesn't believe that climate
change is happening.
Speaker 6: He thinks it's important for
young peopie to see it.
4 Have you seen this film? Would you
like toi

Terrified describes how we feel.

I was terrified by the film.
Terrifying describes things or situations that
make us feel terrified.
It was a terrifuing experience.
We can use this rule for many adjectives:
bored / boring, frightened / frightening,
interested / interesting, surprised / surprising
Choose the correct words to complete the
dialogues.
1 A: Did you see the film?

/ boring.
2 A: So, was he angry?
B: No. He was very relaxed / relaxing
about the whole thing. I was su4orlsed
surprising.
3 A: l'm a bit nervous about the heat this
summer.
B: I know what you rnean. lt's aworrying ,
worried situation.
 lf'i1.r:lir:ir, :'tji{4"!ii:
:, Lrr:+:'

Speckimg
? Read the questions below and think about
youl answers.

How to reduce your carbon footprint

1 Do you use energy-saving light bulbs? How many?,
2 Do you recycle anything? What?
3 Do you ever walk / take the bus instead of driving? How often?
4 Do you use a lot of hot water at home? What for?
5 Do you buy things with lots of packaging? What?
6 Have you ever planted a tree? When?

? \Vork in pairs and ask each other the

questions. Ifyour partner ansu.ersyes, ask
3r'omnne r the Follor'r -up qrrestion.

4,,ltet"tou see tbis flm, you will think 3 Look at the information in the tabie and
; :;rently. tell 11611 partner hov'mucl-r carbon they u-ill
It -'e reduce carbon emissiznsl'u)e will reduce save if they nake these changes.

- :tl ::'nnning.
Action Carbon saving
. rtter future time clauses such as afleti Change to energy- 68 kg per year
itfot'e, ahcn and z/we use a present tense efficient ligirt bulbs
Recvcle half of your 1,095 kg
' -rr|nplete the sentences u.ith the present household waste
--,.e or future simple of the verbs in
\trralk instead of drivin€i 0.5 kg per krn
' - \ets.
\Vash your clothes in cold 225 kg per vear
-: rr e (not do) something noq \\,'ater
.:r (haae) serious problems in
Reduce your household 54.1kg
,re future.
--- by 10%
w-aste
,: r ou (look) at the ten hottest
Plant a tree 907 kg
'. r.lrs,
you (see) they happened
:-- rhe last fourteen years.
',\}en this climate change
:"tppen) L--=- (&e) dead.
. i ,u (think) differently after
ju (see) it.
--*-
i.\brk
I in pairs and complete the
-::nces v.ith your own ideas.

.. :lass finishes .".

:::fore the end of this year.
= ..,eather is qooC tomorrow
iar,,e enough money ...
W*nm a'xp L*argw*gs $*cals: c$$ers cnd dee$si*rss
\\tork in pairs and choose three situations fronr the list ? Read the infbnlation in the table. \\,hat verb do u-e
beloui Roleplay a short conversation fbr each siruation. often use to rnake offers and clecisions?

Situations Offers i I'11 carry those books for )'ou. _

'1 A: you are talking to a friend (B). Your train to the airport
j:

I Shall I pav for this?

leaves in 5 minutes. You're late!
i Let
B: your car is parked outside.
i Decisions i I'll take the next train.
A: you arrive at your destination and get off the train. i---:----..-----*-
i I won't take the train. I'11 take a taxi.
B: you are carrying a very heavy bag.
A: you are in the train station caf6 with a friend (B). Language note: sha// is usually used only in quesiions
B: you don't have enough money to pay for the coffees. and with I or we.
A: you are at the train station but have missed your train.
You want to buy a ticket for the next train.
3 Conrplete the oflers or decisions with z-rill or .rhrtll ancl t
B: you work in the ticket office. r,'erb from the box. There is one -"'erb vou clon't need.

carry have help pay take

E l-*^*i**
q-Esc6e srE iL*

? ,.;I;+ : ::'),--,,.i: Listen

three conversations. tr,{atch each
t<l
t A: ,\re you reach'to order?
B: Yes. I salad.
one to a situation in the \\rarrn up. There is one situetion
z A: I don't ---a
understand this.
)'ou clon't need. B: Thlt s illl lieht. I r orr.

* Listen again and ans\\-er the questior-rs. r \: Thc nc\t train is irr tr,r cnw rrrinutcs.
Conversation 1:Hou.much is the billi
B: \\.e it or u'ait?
(lonversation 2:Holl, is the man going to qet to the + A: Here, let me take those bass.
airport?
B: Tl-ranks.
- - it's OK. I .. ., . , them.
but
Clonversation 3: \Ahat train is the u'oman eoing to take? * "r+ :.i: Listen and check vour ans\vers. J'hen listen ,r:-
repeirt the phrases.

F!.
bp*trK$itff
\\trk *.ith .*r...u orr,r..r ancl choose one of the tasks
below.

.& Repeat the u.anl up activiw using the neu, expressi.,r..-

vou have learnt.

* Look at the audioscript on page 15.1 ancl chclose one

ofthe conversations. Practise the conversation and tn tr,
memorise it.
 sf,
'tr'cl'ITl UF LGngLecge locus: synoaly#rs
; ....i ten reasons why people learn English. Choose the Read the sentences from the listening. Which word in the
r :nd the bottorn 3 lbr vou. box has a different meaning to the word in bold?
::ining English because ... r \4rel1 I believe English is very important nowadays.
.ike to get a job r,r,-ith a rnultinational cornpany. Nail Saudi Arabia
.. .rnt to understand songs, TV programmes or films in

:lish.
actually currently now these days
- pe to get a job with a cornpany in the USA.
, iike to be an English teacher.
z I'm learning English because it will be helpful for my
career. Abdul, Libya
ill be helpftil for my career.
,,

* planning to get a job in the tourism industrv. job profession university studies work
,,, rnt to meet other English-speaking people and r.rrake

--:rds. : We need to study Engiish. It is essential.

:. important for my studies. Dain, South Korea
.'. r u-orld language and it's important to know.
.:ke English and American culture.
important necessary obvious vital

I ', ,rk in pairs and compare vour answers. Can you think
-,' other reasons u'hy people learn English? 5p*rokimg
? Read the questions about learning English. They are
- srenrng typical questions from international Engiish speaking
' '. -',.+; Listen to six people talking about why drev
a exams. Choose three questions you can answer.
, :.rrning English. \Ahich reasons from exercise 1 do " How long have you been learning English?
.l'e? \Vrite the numbers. * Why are you learning English?
-,rtlul, Libya + Naif, Saudi Arabia * How important is English in your country?
) s Arthur, France * How will English be useful to you in the future?
Sa, Russia
',
iert, Turkey ,- o Dain, South Korea * Think about your answers and practise what
you want to say.

S Work in pairs and ask each other the questions.

H€tr#Ffl# i-ai'lguuge $*eus: re*king iffivlt*tim*s frn#
3 Read trl betr.veen friends. *16'#$3ff*ffies'?fg
",nnil,
\\'that do they arrange to do? 3 Mark these expressions frrrmal (fl or informal (1).

t I am u.riting to invite you to go to the cinema.

z How do you f2nqr going to the cirrerna u'ith rne?
l I'rn afraid I'm busy tomorrow.
+ Unfbrtunately I am busv tornorro\\..
s \{iould it be convenient to meet on Fridav er.ening?
o \A,tiat about meeting outside Pizza \Vorld?
z I'cl love to see the film.
s I would very much like to see the filn-r.
q f'hat r,vould be u.onderful.
to That sounds great.
rr I look fbr-ward to seeir-rg )'ou on Fridar,'.
rz See ]rou oll Fridal-.
X Read the ernails again and change any expressions that
are too fbrrnal.

ffn*pwn$mg f* wn6**
\Vork in pairs and teli each other about a lilm you have
seen recentiy. Use the useful phrases belou-to help vou.

e lt's a western / comedy / drama / thriller / musical.

X \{rould you like to see s lt's an action film / ahorror film / a documentary.
this fihn? \\hv? s lt's about...
6 lt's had brilliant / good / quite good / poor reviews.
Wnxe$r'xg sk$*$s; fiffi$mrffi'bmB sSXm € lt stars Marion Cotillard and it's directed by Olivier
Dahan.
? Are these statements trlre (7) or false (fl?
a The acting / photography is wonderful / poor.
In emails to friends ...
a clo rrot use contractions such asI'tn, it'//.
tAf*i*i**
b use informal sirlutations such as hi, and, endings wgl{ttatv d
such as r*eezr. Wrork u.ith a ne\\.partner. \Vrite an email to lrsur partner
c \\re call miss out salutations and endings. inr-itrng them to see a fiLn. Describe the fiLn and suggest a
d $re must u'rite in paragraphs. time and a place to meet. Then slvap your ernails and write
? Laura ancl Pamela have not usecl contractions in their replies.
cmails. Ilake 13 chang'es to the emails.

3 ,\Iark drese expressions formal (1), quite infbrmal (Q) or

rntbrnal (f.

Hello Laura Dear Laura Hi Laura

Best wishes Cheers Yours sincerely
Bye for now Regards Yours
 ,:'

Grommor Using your dictionqry: finding

,n::::iete the sentences with the correct words. rhe rigl* en?ry
do ),ou do / are you doing nextweekend? ? Work in pairs and look at the phrases below. Which
:. "l,-ttt
- lrrpe getting / to gdt togedler with some friends. word would yau lookup in the dictionary to find the
- ;'ould llke to learu / learning another language. meaning of each phrasel
- ");
- I'u1' / 'm going to buy a new car at dre weekend. r global warming
-,\}en
I buy / will bry my new car, Iwill able / will be able 2 get away
:, get around more.
r lall in love
, r-:: \ ou looking forward to go / going to university?
+ against the law
- \:r-t month I will strlt / am staning a new job.
,r -: .he world's tenperature gets / will get warmer in the 3 Look up the words to see if you were right.
-.:rr few years, glacial ice mehs / will meh.
* The most inrpeirtant wcrd in an expression is
ilocobule a"y called the keywarrl" Keywords are often noun$,
but can also be verbs, ad.iectives er adverbs.
x'rr ie ri-ords into the correct boxes. There are two words
- io not need.
* Sorne words in a dictionary fiave rnore than one
entry. ?l'ris mighi be because the sarne word can
seri,er desert flood
forest fire homeless lake beiong to two elasses:
an crange dness eat an orange
Gan poor storm war wealthy well-off
{adje*tive} {noun}

't.mral disasters People with a lot of tI Find two different word classes for each of these words.
InoneY 1 heat
2 pretty
3 fair

$ornetlmes words have the same spelling but

cl iff erent rnean i ngs or d iff erent pron unciations.
::,rple helped by aid Geographical features
:ganisations
4 Find two meanings and pronunciations for.these words.
I tear

z close

Speoking cnd WnifXmg

Some words have many nreanings.
I \\brk in groups of three. Ask each other about your These are listed at the beginning of sn entry.
: -:rs for the times below.
. grcen (adjective)
-ilter class
. 1 like grass in colour 4 not ready to be eaten
rhis evening
, 2 with lots of plants 5 not experienced
rhe weekend
. 3 caring for nature 6 of the Green Parry
ne\t summef
5 Choose t}re best meaning of g'em in the sentences belorr:
-':, to find one plan that is the same for everybody. r She is campaigning for gyeen issues such as reducing
2 \\brk in pairs. Write a list of five things people could do packaging and the use ofcars.
: reduce their carbon footprint. Then cornpare your list z We need more green areas in our town.
---h another pair.

Global review & Study skills :J.:;! 4

:,.i. -
\**/f,:f:}-i
**#arM li5{ i*
* !\'ork in pairs and discuss these
3d
questions.
$ Read the quote about u.orlc in the United
* FIave ,vou ever been to a job inter-r,'ieu.?
States.
How u'as it?
66 nt."
you lfo to r,vork, if your narne is
" ls there a rrinirrtrrn r,r agc in lrrur
a. 1:: :: i !.,::t ;:: .:,'itij:.:i-:r i
on the building, ),ou're rich. If vour narre countn'? \{hat is iti
is on vour desk, vou're rniddle class. If vour Do you knou-anyone r,vho rvorks night
l. ; :.t'::l:: ::,:i t::::': *lJi':z;
name is o11 lrgs1 shirt, you're pnnt. F F
"
shiftsi \\4rat do they do?
Rich Hall. Anrct'ican contediun and uriter \\''hat is a good st2lrting salary in vour
"
? \drork in pairs and discuss these opinioni
questions.
i"$
rrltiiji,sE:
**J ****l-;**
^*-i:**]s Lrf E{J "Jiluq;q{.t; ?il
, \\4rat does this quote sav about jobs in
America? ? Read tlre introduction to Pro/tle oJ an
* Is this true in your countrv? Intliutt cnll certl'e uorket' on page 55 and
* Look at the jobs in the box. \Vhich ones ans\t'er the questions.
u-oulcl / u.ciuldn't you like? Decide on the t Do you knorv v'hat a call centre r,r'orker
top three and the bottom three. cloes?

builder doctor disc jockey (DJ) 2 Have vou ever spoken to one?
journalist lawyer * Read dre rest of the text. \\hat cloes she
manager in a fast food restaurant sa1. about ...
musician nurse police officer t her feelings abont the job?
politician security guard shop assistant 2 the hours she u'orks?
teacher waiter : the people she talks to?

il i'! :"C rt :"'. : r l*"t,='-+

J

? Read the texts belou-ancl replace the You can use both 7bb and work to talk about
underlined u-orcls ancl phrases with li.ords in what someone does to get paid.
i)r 1'P;; ltke y*::r jt:b i vr*rk'i
the box. Use,vour clictionary to help vou. ':
, ..:r:/,'.,) '/.'''./..' 'i.]''',

bonus employ hiring an interview Work is uncountable with this meaning, so

you cannot sa,! M< or work.
salary training wages Cornplete the sentences with job,-iobs or ',t:ot'k.
Sornetinres more than one answer is possible.
! l: 1.i."','rl" jr..:-----
'- I'i " '(r -, C'
. .'r,' '.
We give work to 6,000 people and need more
l'"':1r'rrr.',,i,, . . 1,-'l.l
We offer a good starting monev plus end-of-
year extra monev 5 f),r';*r.: irav* l . ....-. -]
English and computer skills needed

,* \4rorli in pairs and choose one of the

tasks belou..
No experience necessary we will provide
,e Tick (r'')nvo preces of infbrmation in th:
teaching of the skills
text vou think are interesting or unusual.
Excellent money per hour and good working
Then corlpare with your partner.
environment
$ Hou'r'iould you clescribe Rajeshwari?
Contact Andrew Grau for a talk about the job
\.Vrite three u.ords. Then compare u.ith
vouf p:rrtlref.
 :-..itl::JL::

"i
,6' I
w
I was so happy when I got this job. lt was my
first ever interview but they hired me. That
,k:1t sentences l-8 and match thetn to the uses of night my dad bought chocolates and sweets
.-c belor'v. and we had a small parly. He was very proud.
-.rrr qot a job as a call centre operator. b-
With bonuses, my starting salary is 16'000
r,.e l.orkecl at the conrpanl. f6r 1s1 1rsx15. rupees (tl90) a month.
. h;rtla srrmllp,trn.
ing. I sell landlines to Americans. People can get angry.
,, c r oic'c t rr irr
They say 'You people are taking the iobs from our hands.' I say
,t\ e to use mv o\\'n name.
that it's not my fault if Americans are expensive to employ.
r rn't hrve:i lot of-time.
--.r\'cto spe:rk u.ith a LTS accent. My alias is Katie Jones. That's a little lie, I suppose, but a good
-rr c to dress rr ell.
lie. lf I had to use my own name, l'd lose five minutes at the
'r' urc D,/; ,': beginning of every call spelling it out, and I don't have a lot of
time.
: rlk ,rhotrr pussessing or orr Itin{
. 'r(rllirtg. When you have voice training, you have to speak in an
- .rn iruxilialv rvitl'r,qzr to talk about American accent all the time or you lose it. When I call
' ,\\e ssing or ou''ning things. home, my parents say'l don't believe it, it's not you any
more!'
- rn ar-rxiliafl,- u.ith ro to say r,i'hat is
' :ccss'.lnr or obligatorv. Night shifts destroy your life. I don't get home from work
. .rn iruxiliary in the present perf-ect. until five in the morning, and I don't sleep until six.
' trrlk alrr,ut rlction\ ()r e\pcricnces.
You have to dress well even though people can't see you. lt's a
question of self-confidence. People can pick that up from your
-anguage note: we can only use the contracted forms voice. And there are 4,000 people in the office to look at you.
:' nave when it is the auxiliary verb, not when it is a main
:'modal verb. There are a lot of lndians living in America and Britain.
Sometimes you talk to people who say 'No English. Hindi?
Hindi?' and you realise you're talking to an lndian, and often
i.eacl the sentences u,ttlt hrtte and insert contlactions you get so confused you forget how to
:re thev are possible. speak Hindi.

- h,tr e rt hrother arrd rl sistcr. I miss my parents. I can't tell them

I have never been to a iob intervieu'. when I feel upset because theY'd
\\ e have English class ot-t Thursdav rloruing. come right away to Delhi and
I have got a goocl English dictiotrarl-. take me home.
I hrrve hacl rnore than one job in ntl' lif'e.
I l-rave breakfast u.ith rnv farnily even'rtroming.

G!*ssxry
alias (noun) - a different name that somebody uses instead of their real name

landline (noun) - a telephone line that is not a mobile phone

pick up (phrasal verb) - to notice something that is not very obvious

upset (adlectlve) - sad, worried or angry about something
Yatl I

:irir'ri::l l:1. +,.,-,.'' l.-.. /' u€.Lt, Yss i{Av€ T0

Llsfenlng sred Voeebulmry \ SfAe? saMeu{rR€.
!€;t;'l k:;r:r: -*--**-4/

! Look at the cartoon about a bad boss.

l
-ri,l:!:t; r:l.i:
\trhat is the joke? Do you think it is funny?
ii'errri=i q+rl:
2 % t.*3*!.liir Listen to four bosses
i"rtrr lrt::,1i:r: talking'to their employees. Nurnber the
t*a? {t1f,,?a{4i1:: topics in the order vou hear them.
ameal the computer
dresscode the weekend -
.ii:.+ c !is r;::?*:ri s'.r::: g

3 Listen again and choose the correct

alternative to complete each sentence.
? Complete the texts with the u.ords in tl're
boxes. LTse each u.ord only once.
Conversation 1: Someone has called (in / out
/ for) sick. can don't have to must
Conversation 1: You can take next Saturday
(nway / oJJ'/ on).
Conversation 3:You are (on /.fbr / ot) Dress-down Friday
companv tirne, and vou ln many financial companies in Britain,
must respect that time. employees wear a suit or other
Conversation 4: Of course you can go (ort formal clothes. Some workplaces have a dress-
/ in / at) your lunch break down day, usually on a Friday. On this day,
no\\r people *- dress so formally. They
wear whatever they like.
4 \Vhich do \,ou think are bad bosses? \4,hy?

Grsmme r can can't mustn't

? Look at sentences 1-6 and complete the

rules a-d belou'.
r You baae to u'ork this Saturday.
z Yon cun take next Saturclay off.
+ You dom't haae to wear a jacket and tie.
Work computers
According to a 2006 survey by the American
Management lnstitute. 78o/o of American
companies have rules about email, instant
messenger and blog use. Workers

s Yon can't send personal messages with use their computers for work. but they
send personal email messages
this cornputer.
or instant messages. Also, they
o You mustlrrive on time.
download programs onto work computers.

" \4re use -lap-e kr, and - ulxttt to talk

about rules and things dlat afe -necessary.
t \trre use and to say
can don't have to have to

u'hen something is not allowed.

. \Ve Llse .-,-. --*-- to say that something Flexitime
is not necessarl'.
- - A study of the 68 biggest Australian companies
a \Ve use * to say that something found that 93% offered flexitime hours to their
is possible or allowed.
employees, Under flexitime, workers
--- work a fixed number of hours in a week. but
Language note: modal verbs are followed
they start and finish at the same
by an infinitive without fo.
time every day. lf they come to work earlier, they
leave earlier,
-**
 Cornplete the sentences about your job. Speaking
;ou do not work, use one of the jobs on
-- <_L I Read the job characteristics in the box and tick(r')
the ones which are irnportant to you.
: ey day I have to ... at work.
::n't have to ... at work.
:: tork, lcan usually...
:..i't ... at work.

@ :,::rr.:i:r,::-;:1: ;;: "'.

H:
Fronuneistisn
1 & 2.*Y Listen to dre pairs of sentences.
.::r \-ou hear the difTerences?
\bu can't wear that.
\bu can wear that.
: She can't come to class todal'.
She can come to class today. ? \Vork in pairs and share your ideas. Decide on the five
, \bu must use your books. most important characteristics of a job.
\bu mustn't use your books.
A: For me, the most imporlant things in a job are ...
Language note: in British English, can't B: OK. For me, the most imporTant things are ...
s pronounced /kcrrnt/. A: What do you think the top five are?
B: Ithink...
2& 3,"&:e Listen and circle the word you 3 Work with another pair and compare your lists.
:rr. Then practise saylng the sentences. Do vou agree? Make a new list of the llve most
. \\brkers mttstn't / must use the important characteristics.
computers on the first floor.
: \bu can't / can take your lunch break at
nlo o'clock.
, I really m.ust / mustn'f answer emails What do you think is the most important?
more quickly. I think that ... is more important than ...
What about you?
I disagree. I think ... is more important.
I agree. Let's put it on the list.
 rETI J

:t::la.i:.:t-;,!):.:

i"+i;*r+ tlr'liEili* \fecabulcry Lis?emimg

I Match the verbs in the box to the nouns. 3 ffi':"+t You are going to hear a
presentation abott The serious leistn'e
i lt * +* r i "+x :; 2+l zz.t: * chat collect cook do perspectiae. Listen and put the slides on page
go for play read watch
*!-l f1#tif iiiti]
59 in the correct order.
I,.:iii;:iiil:
books the newspaper * Listen again and answer the questions.
.t,2* n+T:z!
exercise the gardening t What are some examples of casual
a walk a drink with friends leisure?

)i!
stamps coins things
television a filrn the news
video games chess sport
with friends on the phone
a meal dinner vegetables
2 \4,rork in pairs and tell each other u-hich
of the rctir ities you do.
I watch television every night.
z \Vhy do people enjoy casual leisure?
: \A/hy does leisure have a bad reputation?
+ What are some examples of serious
leisure?
s H4'rv does the speaker think serious
leisure is important?
3 Work in pairs and ask each other these
qLlestions.

I hardly ever read the newspaper.
S Look at tire chart sirou{ng hou'
Americans spend their leisure time. Then
work in pairs and discuss the questions.
* Wtrich do you prefer, casual or serious
leisure activitiesl
* Do you know anyone v'ho has a serious
leisure pursuit? What is it?
,

* Is there anything that surprises you?

* Is it similar to hou.you spend your ---
!l

Ieisure tirr-rei
Words in the same family:
play - verb
player - noun
playful - adjective

Leisure tlnne 0m an average day Complete the sentences with the correct
forn of play.
Other leisure activities Watching TV I He is an excellent football
(29 minutes) (2.6 hours)
2 I *- cornputer ganres uniil very late
Playing games: using last night.
computer for leisure
(19 minutes)
3 $he is a very -- chilcl"

Relaxing and thinking

(19 minutes)

Sports, exercise,
recreation
(17 minutes)

Reading
(22 minutes)
Total leisure and
Socializing and communicating
sports time=
(46 minutes)
5.1 hours

NOTE: Data include all person$ age 15 and over Data incl.-!de all days af the week and
are annual averages for 2006.
Source: Bureau of Labor $tatistics
 Origins of the
perspective - 1974
,'Ftcl.b€d.$tgb-bihs,,-

*rtu;::$'"it*1 Fr*:ma$**i*$!*n
Look at sentences 1-l ancl ansu'er the : '- ,.',. Listen and repe:rt the sentences.
:stions a-c below. Pav attention to the ur.rderlined sounds.
\\ atchlzg television is casual leisure. \\1hat is the most colrlron spelling of /1/i
i{e's good at swimmir?g. r Relaxing and u.atchi11g'l\'- are m)'
People enlov cloing leisure actir.ities. fivotrrite thiugs.
\\'hat is the subject in sentence 1?
z I think Elgli*h i' r tlitfit'trlr lrngu,ree.
Replace tl-re subject with another activitt'
: \o thtrnks. I'ttt stouuittu stn,rkinu.
:rorn the listening. * \Arork in pairs. Read vour sentences
\\'hat kincl of urrrd colres befbre the -ing fr:om qrammar erercise 3 to e:rch other. Pav
:,rlm ir-r senter-rce 2i attention to the /n/ sound.
\\l-rat other verbs cirn go before the -ing
:orm in sentence 3? ilili":ii1,i"
a1i !rli!\.:
i"J

. \\ rite the -ing fbnn of tl-re verbs in the tr Choose one iif the activities in the box
bor. Tl.rerr put them into tl-rree groups ltelot'i'ancl rvrite a short paraeraph about it.
.rccording to their spelling-.
* a1 activirl'vou enjov doing
:ut cycle do make play * an activity yorl Llsed to do but stopped
'-r smoke stop swim doing
:ake watch work s asport you like watching
' something you aren't verv goocl at
doing
C.omplete these sentences with yorlr o\\'n an activity you hate doing
:.rs Llsing' the -ing fbmr. Then il'ork in
"
r'. .trtd sh:rre r otrr ide:rs.
k \\'ork in pairs. Sr'vap papers and u'rite fii'cr
- ,:ti'f*;*....:::1. questions about yor-rr partner's activiq'. Then
, - :-.: ,
return the papers.
.a*a,
' "i. :3 Reacl your partnerls questious ancl
- i i:fllrl!' ... I'li:r:e.
-.: i:*l*l* lili ... ; :;i,:t.t;_;r:. i:,:i reu'rite the paragraph. Inclucle the original
iilirir:i,*
infbrrnation and the ans\vers to vour
partnert (luestio11s.
: __.^,.-.-.r.. :a- -rir
 n--*,1

*
t** --l:* ts{a
$\€i[}L!*s

? Look at the trl.rl pictures. Do vou like

either of these things?

* Quicklv read Tht.fttcts nhout ntnusenrcnt

parks orotrnd, tlse uor/d and fincl the ansu.ers
to the questions.

t:t
AZ! 7,aalr
t \4rhere did the roller coaster come frorn?
i:: a,,:
z
1,:.. a
\trhere \\,'as one of the first amuselnent
parksi
: \\'hat do modern anlusement parks have?
+ Ilolv much moncv clo amusement parks
rnake?
s \\'that is the rnost popular alnuserllent
park outside the United States?
o \\,hat is an intogineeri
* Have you ever been to an anlrselncnt
park? Is there one ir 1'our countn-?
* Complete the clialoguesu'ith heen or gM(
#rmmmmwr t A: \\11-rere has he ,, -,,i
B: I don't knoui He u'as here iust a
They haue bwib eleaen parks arormd the lnlnute ago.
zuorLJ. A: Oh no.
I baae beem to an aTnusenteTTt pot'k.
Haae yon eaet" been t0 an antusent.ent park?
zA: \\€'ve on this ritle three times
I knou', but it's greet. Isn't it greati
B:
. use the present perfect to talk about an A: l{mmm.
unspecific tirne in the past :A: \{lheret l'[arco?
. use d1e present perfect to talk about B: He'.s --- -- on his break. He'll be
experiences back in fifteen rninutes.
. tl,se euet: in cluestions about experiences A: FIe can't do thatl
. euer lneans the same as in 1tov7" Jlfe +A: I{:lve you here before?
B: Sorry', I don't understrrnd. \\rhat?
A: Is this your first time here?
Language note: She has been to Tivoli
Gardens. This means she has come back. S \\rork in pairs. Ir.nagine vou he:rr one of
She has gone to Tivoli Gardens. This the diakrques at an ?lrnLlselnent park. \,\'/ho rs
means she is still there. speakinsi Hor.v do thev f'eel? Aclcl tw-o rnore
Dale Johansscn is a lines and then act out the clialogue.
photo grapher sf annusernen t
parks. He {visif} ? Cornplete the tu.o texts \\'ith the past
mcre tha* 5* different simple or present perf-ect fbrln of the verbs ::
parks ;n ?* c*r"**tries *n4 in brackets.
fi:{e} phatcs of
eacl-r one. He frrst
(becamej interest*d i*
amusement parks wh*n h?s
father -- - --, {teae} hinr
..ffi;: dfrk
to one r,vhen he lvas a chitd.
4i'si
i,,
..r, *U&py
 Ar:rl:s*ffier:t p*rks *:'e E*isure pl*cex f*r a*ult*, t**t"tag€rs a*d chiidre.l.

People often think amusement parks are an American invention, but they
originally come from Europe. Tivoli Gardens in Copenhagen, Denmark, is
one of the oldest European amusement parks.

The first,'oller coaster was lnvented in Russia in the x600s" Feopie went
d,:uvn s*'*wy rrills on biocks *i ice.

The world's fastest roller coaster is the Formula 1 Racecoaster al

Germany's Ntlrburgring. lt travels al 217 km per hour.

L4*d*rn ernus*rF!*nt parks *s#aNly h*vs rid*c, r*Nler *cast*rs a*d *aiing
areas, There is cften a carfinxon therne tc make visitsrs f*ei as it they are
;j r**qiil*e imfims"s in a differ*a:t w*r:eg.

Put the past participles in the box into Amusement parks are big business. ln the United States alone,
.rr qrolrps dependina on their sound. amusement parks make an annual profit of $1 1 billion. More than 30%
of Americans have been to an amusement park.
3een bought brought come
rone driven eaten forgotten Wait Disney created the first Sisney ti-rerne park. an amusement
" dden seen swum taught won i:arlr lvith several sections, in 1955 in Cailfornia, US. The Disney
C*rp*rati*r: has built eleven Disney {hsme p€rks aflol,rxd the
warid.
- ...:: Listen ancl check your ans\vers.
',,'
-
cr-i repeet the u'ords. The most popular amusement park in the world is Walt
Disney World in Florida.
.. . *i-
- -.:,.r i{ I'e."i hr
.f
'ei The m*st pcpuiar park o*.r€siefe ti:e U$ is Sisn*yiand in
' ., : ,'.. Listen to the stress ancl T*ky*. F**r *f the t*p ten arfi$sement park$ ar* is1
' 'nrtion irr this qrresrion. Asie.
' r \ ou e\ er bs!]-I r,, rr) ilrnu\enrcnt Pilrk:
The people who invent Disney amusement
- \\brk in pairs. Lciok at the leisure park rides have a special name. They are
-:>tionnaire and sav the ten questions. L'lse rmagrneers.
- L' .),0u euer + p?rst piuticiple. Pa,V attention

hc stress irlr(l intonation.

\\brk in pairs and ask each other the
:-itions. If your partner answersl,es, ask
, tbllorl,-up questions. Use tl-re ideas ir-r
. box belorv to help r.ou.
lave you ever been to an amusement park?
/es, I have.
)id you like it?
/es, I loved it.
,'/ho did you go with?
,vent with my family.

)rd you like it? What? When?

,','here? Who with? Why? Why not?
Business meeting Job interview Parent-teacher meeti n g Residents' association
meeting
s f ce
Wmrr:t **g
L# ll*E-e\jG 3 i tr{u6 ; f#d'.*-t{:*t ift g}

Look at the pictures of fbr-rr different meetinss. \\rork in
pairs ancl ask each otl'rer the questions.
* \\'ho is speaking in each photo? \\l-rat are they 12ll{un
abouti
" Have you cver beer-r in or.re of these situatior-rs? \Arheni
u Choose onc of the pictures ancl think o{fi1.o rr.rles fbr
that situation.
At a business meeting people have to arrive on time.
Somebody has to take notes.
$-F*9*m*m6
? ]. , .i l ' 'i:i Listen to thr-ee conversations and match
X Read the audioscript on pirge 1 i5. Find examples of a
speaker turn-taking. This could be ...
a asking 2 nsu. question jn the conversation.
I asking perrnission to speak.
c acldins something to the conr.'ersatiol1.
* ,\'Iake three tr-rm-takinq quesdorls or sentences using tl-re
rvords in the box. You can use each rvord rnore than once.
add ask a question can could
here I just may say something
di $5

each one to a picture.

-lhere is one picture ;3FetrKi$i#
J'ciu clon't neecl
Choose one of the tasks belou..
* Listen again and choose the correct ans\\-ers.
Conrrersation 1: The \\()lnan \\rants to knor.i' about ... ,4 \Vork in pairs and choose one of the conversations from
the listening. \,\rrite the next thrce or four lines. Then read
" the bcloks.
o the children. the com'ersation topether. LTse the neu. expressi()t1s t-ou
. his son. have learnt.
Conversation 2:The man needs to arrive at...
a seven in the er.ening. * \4rork in groups of three. A: choclse a question anLl
ans\\'er it. B: ask a qr.restion or give rnore infomrltion.
b se\ren in the morning. C: continue. Use the neu- expressious yolr have learnt.
. the European offices.
Conversatiorr 3:The rnan doesn't like ... ' \\'that is most impclrtirnt irr a job?
thc \vaqes. * \,Vhat r,i.ould be the ideal relaxilrg; r,r,eeliend?
" u Is it necessary to speak English fbr u.orki
u tl-re dress cocle.
. the \ iomen. " Is it easv fbr \routls'people to get jobs?
* Should there be rnore leisure facilitres for 1rs111g people?

s Excuse me, ,* Sorry, but .".

* Pardon me.
 All work and no play
,.,,,,,,,.',,
,.:' 'r.',. . ,' by David Crystal
; 1,r;,1:-1.,;.-1,,.,::,,.1. i'.. - :-'i
:''

There's an old saying in English: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Or Jill. Psychologists tell
us we need a balance between work and play to have a healthy lifestyle. And it is the
same for language. *lo**ary
One of the most noticeable features of work language is the technical vocabulary, or carelessly (adverb) - without thinking
jargon, that people use. Outsiders won't understand it. A doctor might look at the face of about what you are doing, so that you
cause problems or damage
someone who's had a fall and say to a colleague 'That's a nasty perorbital haematoma'.
lf you were the patient, and heard this remark, you might be worried. But basically all it
dull (adlectlve) - boring
mislead (verb) * to make someone believe
means is you've got a black eye.
something that is incorrect or not true
Every profession has its jargon - law, banking, sport, physics, language teaching ... outsider (roun) - someone who does not
Thousands of specialised terms might be used. They add precision. And they also make belong to a group or organisaiion
people feel they belong together. You know you're a member of a group when you can talk shop \verb) - 10 talk about your work,
comfortably talk shop. especially in a way that is boring for other
people
Jargon also saves time. That's why doctors say such things as BP and SOB (blood
pressure, shortness of breath). lt's quick and convenient.

But they shouldn't use such terms to the patient. Work

language and leisure language are two very different
things. That's the argument of the Plain English Campaign,
which wants specialists to speak clearly when talking to
the public.

It's easy for people to use jargon carelessly and annoy

people. lt's worse when it's used deliberately, to mislead
ihe public. That's why we get so angry when we hear
people using it to hide the truth. A politician once admitted
ihat something he had said was 'an instance of plausible
deniability'. ln other words, he'd told a lie!

1f
' i---,.=. 'r ij
' vl-ir:!i t
!:-::JEi;UdG*
#Ej
! G-.U;

, hink of fil'o or three exan-rples of jargon in vour Fiird r.orcls or exprcssions in thc text ri.ith these meauings.
-',rrrq'e and n'rite them on a piece of paper. I the correct relationship betrveen ni.o thines (line 2)
-.\ z to m:rke srxlething more cle:rr or specific (2 u<rrcls)
- ork in pairs irnd share r,'our ideas. Explain rvhat vour
(line 10)
- ,n lneans in En{rlish.
r easv (line 14)
' + people in seneral (2 u.ords) (line 19)
' :;=iIt# i:
s usecl firr slrving something; in another i,r'.ir' (3 uorcls)
:',:tc| All uork ancl no plny. \A'hat is thc rlain topic of the (line 2 5)
a..a*

-.rin English c cloctors ar-rcl languaee

.-r :*'T;
:!f
&i !b ' F I '.!

, -'hrical vocabularrr a raclio rnd television Do vou think there is too nruch jargon in l-our lansuagci
Can \-ou think of some exarnples? Do vou think catnpaiq'ns
::rr1 the text again and decicle if the steter.nents are true
: talsc (fl. like Plein English are :.r soocl icleal
.r'chologists sav that rvrirk is rnorc irnportalrt than plat-.
:',: on is languagle thr t ever\4roch' uncl erstancls.

:.qon carl be useful.

:-gon is precise lar.rguaqe and it can n.rake
:rr nrunication qui cker.

:c Piain Enqlish Carnpaign \rants pcople to rlse morc

ttO11.
. J ge t angr\,'il.hen people use jarglon to tell lies.
 Wr*fing ski*Ns: setfing ou* s €V
Correct the spelling and punctuation mistakes in this CV

CURICULUM VITAE: Nathalie Baekelandt

Email adress n.baekelandt @wanadoo.f r

Date of Birth 17/12/88

Education and Califications
University of Lille BA Hons Economics

Work Expereince
KBedEns Personal Assistant to Project Manager, EDF Energy.
Duties - booking appointments, taking minutes, record-keeping
Read the CV and put the headings in the correct places.
Skils English: fluent lnterests Aerobics, dance, swimming,
Date of birth Email address Computer literate photography, theatre
Educationandqualifications lnterests
Referrees On request
Referees Skills Work experience

CURRICULUM VITAE: Ahmed al-Qadi

tmmgu.rmge $see*s: vvn"i*is'rg dsfes
Different countries u-rite dates in different rvavs.
0) : al-qadi22@hotmail.com
In Britain, the order js dav, month, year.
(2) -- *,-- : '18-08-1987
----* 16-01-2008 or 16/01 /08
(3) _,
16 Jan 2008 or 16th January 2008
2003-2005
In the US, the order is month, da-y, 1's21.
-
Al Hussein College, Amman, Jordan
01-16-2008 or 01/16/08
General Secondary Education Certificate
Jan 16 2008 0r January 16k 2008
Average score: 88.50/o

2005-2009 Cornplete the table.

Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan
B.Sc. in Management lnformation Systems
GPA Score: 90.5% (Evaluation: Very Good) Feb I4th 2000
(4) "**--
2009-Present
Jordan Telecom: database assistant
Freporing fo write
(5) -
\Vork in pairs and make notes on u,.hat vou would write
English: intermediate
under each of the CV headings.
Jordanian driving Iicence
Modern programming and database management

(b,

Travelling, understanding other cultures, football * lT literate (Word, Excel, Powerpoint)

a French: t\uent / \ntermed\ate / e\ementary
(7) __ _._
Mr Firas Al-Jabali, Head of lnformation Services, Jordan Telecom
6 Current driving licence * Basic first aid
Dr Omar Yassin, Head of Management lnformation Systems,
Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan Wni*ixrg
\Vrite vour CV Use your notes and the useful phrases to
help you.
 :+: :ir ili
: a: a;2

Grommsr Recording nelY words ond phroses

I Complete the sentences with the correct form of the I Work in pairs and discuss these questions.
-'
e rb in brackets. .Where
. do you write doum new English words and
I $,ott /exer / be) to the US?
expressions that you learnl
: Yes, I there last year.
@o) When do you write down new words and expressions?
r I hate (write) letters, but (chat) tct "
In class?
-foiends on the phone is great fun. "
I When you are reading?
+ I - (neaer / ride)a carnel, but I (see)
When you are doing homework?
one in a zoo. - "
d At some other timel
2 Complete the job description for a shop assistant using . What information do you write down atiout the
- to, don,'t haae to or tnltstn't.
-',ut, haue - words? Show your partner.
r You be polite to customers.
. How do you use your vocabulqrlr notes when you
: You have a driving licence. have written them?
; You arrive late. 2 Look at how three Polish studentshave reeorded new
+ You earn a bonus ifyou sell a lot ofgoods. words from this unit."What are the,diffefences tretween
them?
Vocobulory
-\Iatch the words on the left to the ones on the right. upsel = przygnqbiony Lake off = wzi4t (sobie) wolne
chegg = ezachy amu1ement,park= parkrozrywki
?lry a walk
.io television
:o for a meal upsel I np'sel/ adi. oad,worried or angry about
--hat exercise something.l miss my parento.l can'ltellthem when I

--ollect on the computer feel upeet.

:ead a magazine take time off work - wzi46 (sobie) wolne z pracy
','. atch stamps You can t ake nexl 1aturday off.
:ook on the phone

a roller coaoler
Speoking play chese
a ride (verb + noun U)
I Work in small groups. Think of three leisure activities
-.
ou enjoy and mime them. The others try to grress the
:ctivities. atheme park
/
\. I think you like playing tennis.
3: Yes, that's right. / No, that's not right. 3 Wirrk in pairs and disc-uss the qqestions, '

2 Work in srnall groups. Thlk about a job you do or would ,, Which -ethoddoyoupqefu?' .,. ,,
" .

-ike to do. . llow can the different ways help? '

. Talk about the things you have to do. r lfyoar recordwords in a differcqt-waglwhy is that?
. Thlk about the good and bad parts ofthe job. 4 This week try reCording,vocabiularyz in a'different way.
Howwillvou.do it? ,

Slsbal review & $tudy skills U:':il 5

 Porl tr

Writing mmd Speakiarg * Read dre text again. Look at dre ansv'ers
and corrrplete thc qLrcstions.
I \\'ritc dorln flve tl-rings that malie \ou
r (l:Hou. happiness?
happir
A: Bv asking people hou'happv they are.
2 \lork in pairs. Compare ]'our lists and u Q: \\'irich satisfied
discuss thcsc tlttcsti,,tts. u'itl-r their lives?
j:--.,-,-...

o A: Those rvho live in v.artner p:rrts of the

\4l-rich iterns do \rou have in comtnon?
; r.a,.: 1ri.:rl1r:r?:*
e countfy.
Is there ani.thing you u.ould like to
c1r'ange in vour list?
: Q: Does moircy - --,* ?
a \dhat clo you think rnakes people happv? A: If I'ou h'.rve a horne, food and clothes
c then no, it doesn't.
On a scale of 1 to 10 hou. hirppl'are you?
+ Q:\,\hat three things
ml' _-?
Keosrng
A: -Farnilv and friends, belief in
tr Read the article The yience of'hrppiness sornething and enjovabl e objectives.
and put the headings in tl.re correct place.
S Match the ffififfi lvorcls in the text
Clirnate and happiness tri the definitions.
r\'{e asurin g happines s

i\'Ioney :rnd happiness

r of-ficiallv acceptable

l\h:rt rn:rkes people happr'?

2 something that malces you happ,v
: rneaning
4 vour general vieu, of tl.ring's
s to discover a number or result using
rnathematics

4 Do \/oll egree r.vith rvh'at the text savs

about hrppiness? Do you think rt is possible
to measure hrppiness?

We often use words that mean high up or

moving upwards when we want to describe
feeling happy or hopeful.
We often use words that mean low down or
falling when we want to describe feeling sad
Look at these expressions. Is each person
feeling happl' or sad?
i That news realiy lilted nry spirits"
2 rr,4y heart sar.:k r,"hcil I sarv hi,n.
3 I feel pretty low icday.
4 l'nr 0n top of the ,,vcrlc!.
5 i'ni walking cn arr.
t:i-.:'utcoi1t1ca1
-
Grommun Pronunciotion cnd Reoding
Lots of money doeylt make .you happier.. | & ?.#? Listen to the words and
People with close famity relationships were phrases. FIow are the underlined sounds
more satisf ed than people with no fanily. pronounced?
People soid they liued better in wat'm
;oil tttl't es.
fitter happier more productive
comfortable regularexercise
. use comparative adjectives to compare patient beiter driver
rwo people or obiects
. use adjective + e?' for short adjectives
and more + adiecrive lor longer
2 Listen again and repeat the words.
adjectives 3 The words in exercise I come from a
r use compararive adverbs to compare song by the English rock group Rndiohead.
two actions Work in pairs. A: read the first line of the
song. B: read the second line. Pay attention
I.-onrplete the texts with the comparative to the underlined schwa sounds.
: ,rm of the adjectives in brackets. 4 The songwriter said that this song is
about people in Britain in the 90s. Do you
think he liked the 90s? Would you say the
same about your country in the 90s?

'?-i.j:ii :e,:i r,:l:t i,: j i:,* i :; r; tlc+ a 1 4t

=*

$;isliss :jr;i *
 P-:r ?

tr:.ri,: i:::i . l.:a-:)41.:,a

Sp*m$cix"rg mmd Lfi sfea"ting S €Ei':.;j j--"!.i;:, Listen to t$ro people
i:*::r:i,!.:ri:: i:a.l i* Jr: ir
talkins about their jobs. \A,'hich nro jobs do
3 M,'ork in pairs. Look at picttlrcs a-c and they talk about?
'l'r,1;r';:: ' 111:
discuss r,vhat you think the jobs are.
a\!!3fifr-+4,1i.::; i :2 ::l:r
... :"
-
&, Listen aglain irnd choose the corrcct
.,,"....j-- ,...,. R Read the text belou'and match the iobs
ans\,vers.
to the pictures. Then cliscuss s.hat vou thir-rk
'..',:r,:,:r;
:':i::' r these people do in their jobs.
r Speaker 1 stai,ed in bed fbr ...
" tl-re sulnmer. t 50 davs.
. 1-i days.
z The-v paid speaker I ...
itri:+ii itil 1:ii:!ii
" $6,000. b $600. .
$60,000.
r Speaker 2 thinks her u.ork ...
. is disgrrsting. t' is irrterestirrg.
" is borinq.
+ Speaker I is tirrishing a project on ...
,€; a office rubbish. b restaurallt rubbish.
N-
&.
w c office and restaurant rubbish.
Garbologist - studies rubbish S Do vou think these jobs are bad?
.,m. \Alhich is the u.orst, in vour opinion?
Forensic entomologist - studies
insects in the bodies of dead people
&rcmsmmr
Gravity research subiect -
participates in experiments to study Off.ce rubbkh is less disgr,rsting than
the effects of zero gravity on the restaurnnt rubbish.
human body h's mot us bad as ytu think.
h's a bit more dfficuh thnt thot.
She works mucb faster tban him.
Language note= garbage is American
English and rubbish is British English.
. use /e.r.r + adjective to mean not as much
. use (zzor) a.r + adjective + as to nake
comparisons
. use rr' + adjective + as to sav that two
things are the sene
* dirty e experiments for space travel
. use a bit ormuch to modifii comparative
s flies c gloves adjectir.'es and adverbs
e rubbish s turns around and around
X Read the sentences from the listenir-rg
and choose the alternative that is closest in
meaning.
Uq * Maybe he / she ... r C)ffice plarbage is much less diszusting
* lt looks like he / she works in ... than restaur:rnt garbage.
* He / she probably ... . Restaurant garbaee is much rnore
e This looks ... disgusting than otfice garbage.

,r\\o: r, C)ffice garbagJe is much rnore

'i. '/
- disgustir-rg than rest:rurant garbage.
S z My job isn't as brd as people think.
t7 \-
.S " Mv job is u'orse than people think.
r, My is better than people thinli.
job
2 Oomplete the sentences r,r'ith your ov'n ffiemdimg wmd Spe*$*iarg
lcas. j*1.i:
$ ,..:.:,: Read arrcl listen to the
speak Lnglish a bit betier now 'ihan ...
extract from the book Frankenstein.
- -e r.eallrrr tcCal, is a bii less .. ii iin .
\,\'rhat u.as thc problen u'ith the science
:rgilsh in a bit easier than ... experirnent?
:rrink.." is mlrch in{Lre."" than =..

:on't beli*rre .". is as ".. a$ llei:pie say.

& \\'brk in pairs '.rnd discuss this
questioll.
3 \\brh in tr,r.o groups. Group A: nrrn tcr u C)ire of the themes o{ Frnnkenstein,
..rge 127. Group B: nrrn to page 129. :rncl of n-rany science fiction stories,
.:.: l -:...r::r:':: -j::".,, :.:. is dongerotrs knozL:/eclgc. Do You
tl-rink scientific knowledgJe can be
dangerous? Think of some examples.
Veemhax$wry i*;:",q tll :rjiri,, (j 792_1 951 )
was an English romantic
r'r'ord to surfix t. a
].-)T,::lr:"h "r 'rake novelist. She is best known for
the novel Frankenstein, whtch
\\brd Suffix New noun
she wrote when she was 19
-.rpp\' -ist happiness
years old. Some critics have
.:icnce -er
--l.rtion called her the first Fnglish
-erlce
science fiction author.
:rist -ness
'-:scrlrch -ship

2 ,\Iake ne\,\' nouns from the lr,ords in the

,rr. \,\'hich noun enrlinq-s are usccl fbr jobs?

economy friend paint nervous , ..}

i:,

silent teach tour weak

:

**
=a
3 Cornplete the text u.ith the correct forln @
t the u.orcls. =
,8. e
iild'*,iiid
My wife Karen is a (research).
She won a *-**- (scholar) from NASA
--**-
to research a special project. She is studying
the possible (exist) of life on other &
planets. She loves the work, except for the
(onely). She works alone in a little
'#
4,4

office. She listens in complete

(siient) for unusual radio signals from space.
==.*-F*S:
%
w,
ffi

F, ....,;,1ll.

*...1.*..ii
:i:r; :iiltl;:ii:!

.,,r,*jt::i.::ii!i,.

'.8
:&
 r01l J

"idr{.}**l*iT
**a:r**::*d i:*:a;:,:r Voeobu[cry Gronrmsn
;ie*r:lir*
I Look at the photo. How rnany of the
Online 6ucti0ns are Em,vng the bi.ggest
things can you name in English?
#,*[r*6., gari*9. ger*r* btrsinesses ott the ittlerttet.
2 A'Iatch the words in A to the words in B Of att the onlitte artctiott sites. eBay is probrbly
iJt0i:;i::fia
to make compound nouns. Which things tbe most famous.
5+*p*:fl*xiv*:s can you see in the picture? It is one of tbe most popalar websites I'se
A B henrd oJ.
i-;
:!,: n : r,* &- 5,p+r* ir i -.g
cornputer phones .
Ffe$s*B** *ddr*€€*F use superlative adjectives to compare
head top
two or more people or obiects
k"y site . use adjective + est for sirort adjectives
1rp screen
and the most + adjectle for longer
memory board
adjectives
mobile message
. we oFten use superlatives with the
Inouse stick
present perlect tense
text phone
w-eb pad
I Cornplete the sentences u'ith the correct
3 % E.*3 Listen and repeat rhe u'ords. u.ord.
Underline the stress in each compound
noun. Which one is different?
r Online auctions are popular because you
can find the struntgest / strunget' things there.
z Many things online are tbe cheapest /
Ree ding cheaper than the sarne things in a shop.
I Work in pairs and ask each other the r I prefer buying frorn shops because I
questions. think it's the safest / srtr than buf ing on
, Do you use the internet often? \\4-rat for? the internet.
Which websites do you often visit? + I think online shopping js the best / ltetter
' \\,-ay to get things.
2 You are going to read about online s The founder of eBay is one of t/:e richest /
auctions. Tick (rz) the u.ords you think vou richer rnen in Anerica.
will see.
2 Complete the sentences u.ith the
businessman buy dangerous superlative fcirm of the adjectives.
expensive global internet r What's (lctng) titne you've ever
jet kidney river sell spent on the internet?
z \44ro's (ftrnny) person you've

S % ?-** Read and listen to Going, goi'ng, ever spent tilne v.itl-r?
glne on page 71 and checkyour answers. : Wlrat'.s (colQ place you've ever
been to?
4 Read the text again and answer the
questions.
+ Whatt (x'range) thing you've
ever eaten?
r \44rat do people do in online auctions?
z How manv people use eBay?
s \A4rat's (gooQ fiInyou've ever
seen?
: Name five unusual things that peopie
have sold or tried to sell on eBay. 3 \4rork in pairs. Chocise three of the
questiorls from exercise 2 and ask each other.
5 Have you ever bought or sold anything
on the internet? \4rould you buy anvthing in Sl*tr,t*":s*r 9*gus *. r:rlicrcl::r ii ;-i'ti;
ar-r online auction? :::::t-rir*: .::i l;*sri*iru*:-r .-::i *:':: l4i

,r 1l 1f .-:l . ii-i'
 l:.
i
1.

-i
:,:'j

Listen Jlr(l lr.rite ihc ctlriii tlltl

:bsitc rrdclresscs vou ircrr. \\'hicil ttf ttrrese
:bsites do lorr knot'i

dot
slash
AI

=arn_Fnglish learn underscore EnElish

:arn-English learn dash Engiish

\\-rite llr,e * ebsitc or etlrril '.rtldrcsses tirrlL !,trt.r::r:::,dr i:

,,.r kuou' tl'rcv cltn bc rcel or ilrt'ct-ttct1. etnical (adlective) - ccirsiderecl tc be righl
fake (adlectl,/e) made to iock ike someth ng else
\\rurk in priirs trrtl rerrcl thc rtliircsses tir
ir,ern[noth lriaurt) - an anirnal s]rnllar lo all -^lephant u/ tll oirg
ch other. \1 ritc the rrrich'esses rls loit iisrelr.
hair that ived a r"rery loirg t ine ago

suhmai'ine (noun) - a sh p thai can iravel unde| the il ale'

 *.8** E -h € -
g3 d"= E:% ffi
gH %"_"ili ff d-\* B=q S e
€ a $"e, tsi"%_s ffi \
fu-s #

PErl 4

-i=+*iir ri:,1n ilitie,;

Speoking qnd Listening
I

{a:n*p';t+r p *+:i:i*r:E
I Read the quotes about computers below.
;::,:+:t:it:rl i':tfi'ir:r:r:::ari:
3l.
\4rork in pairs and tell each other if you
Here are some common ways of saying yes.
Fhrx:a*t';erhs, ****+n*e agree u'ith them and why.
ifr{}GE
Yep and yeah are informal ways of saying
yes.
Definitely is a stronger way of saying yes.
Ga*i:r::;:
That's right is used instead of yes to respond
Fi:i'e*s*i v*:rh* 9" *hi*t9s to a question or statement.
I'm afraid so is used when you think the
i.li:rti : r1 iri :i;:+c.!: rr:i
person hopes you will say no.
?*+ F.**lei;t€e 1 Look at the audioscript on page 155. Find
an example of each rvay of sa.vingles.
2 Write live questions to
'\kru
ask your partner.
want them to ans$.er1ies.
3 Work in pairs and ask each other the
questions. Answer jid.r in different lr,'ays.

Vocqbulsr)r snd Fronuncistlon

I Cornplete the sentences frorn the
2 %:"*&*9.:; Listen to five conversarions listening witl-r the worcls in the box.
:rbout con-rputer problems ancl number the
problems in the order you hear thern. There down (x2) in on out (x2) up
is one extra problem.
r Nou'log to the svstem.
computer screen email
internetconnection password
z Shut the complrter and leave it.
- gone
r The laptopis rgain.
printer and printing saving work
+ Tlpe vour username and
passw-ord. -
3 Listen :rgain and choose the correct
answers.
s \\&en I try to print a docurnent
the computer prints :r difTerent
r \44rat did the man change in
conversation 1?
document. -
a a cable u tl-re mouse o You should reallv back ail your
c the cornputer screen work.
z l{ou. does the man f-eel at the end of 2 i#F 5-l $ Listen and check vour ans\vers.
conversation 2?
-Ilv to
" happy b worried " frustrated 3 Listen and repeat the sentences.
: What's \\''rong with the rnan's email in coptr the stress.
conversation 3?
" there's a virus
u there's too much ernail
. he needs a passu.ord
+ \\ho saves their u.ork in conversation 4?
" the \\.oman u the man
c the woman and the man
s \44rat happened to the \r''oman's password
in conversation 5?
a she forgot it n she changed it
-r -r ^ r ,:.J
rr r. ie.n,,
i!jJ c she doesn't h'ave one
Gromnnsr
Turn om the co'mputer,.
\o-,:'Iog on.
Sllrrr down tbe compater.
SJ:ut the computer doutt.
Tilnt it on.

. some phrasal verbs such as tu?'n 0n cal:.

take an object
. other phrasal verbs such as log on do
not take an object
. u'hen the phrasal verb takes an object,
it can usually go before or after the
pardcle
. if the object is a pronoun, it can only Glossary
go between the verb and particle movement (noun\ - a group of people
who work together for a particular reason
textile (noun) - any type of woven cloth
'l Tick (rz) the sentences that are correct. Readimg end Specking
. Pick up the phone. 3 % l}.i€ Read and listen to the text about
t, Pick it up. the Luddites.
. Pick up it. \44rat kind of people were theyl
r a Can you print out them please?
t, Can you print tl-rem out please? 2 Read the statements and mark vour
. Can you print out the documents opinion next to each one. 1 = strongly
please? disagree, 4 = strongly agree
i a Tirrn them off.
u Turn off them. Modern technology ,..
. Turn ofT all the conlputers.
. makes us work harder, not less hard.
2 Circle the object of the pl-rrasal verb in . is giving away our privacy.
-re sentences below. Sometimes there is no
hject.
r has taken away more jobs than it has
created.
=,ease sit down and open your books. (no
. has made us safer.

) d you ptug in the computer?

- Tirrn the volume up please.
: Philip isn't here today. He called in sick.
, I ft-rrgot ro log on to the school systern.
. Look up the u''ords in the dictionary.
. \\'rrite the words down in your notebook.
\lv tlishr takes oll'at sevcn o'r'lock
tonight.
3 Look at the sentences again. Ifthere is an
riect, replace it with a pronolln.
) C you plug it in?
r is giving us too much information, so
it's difficult to know what is true.
r has to be free for everyone.
3 \\brk in prirs. Discuss l our opinions
and try to give reasons for them. Are you a
modern Luddite?
I agree that modern technology makes us
work harder. ln my job, I have to answer lots of
emails and rnessages, and I have to do it more
quickly than before.

a: -j :..r1.jL., . ' :
wfrrffi !"3p L*r:gasm6m $*sws: $ir:ding tfu*mg* *xt

? Look at the picrures of fbur situatior.rs. \Vork in pairs effiffiffi}*13

and describe the sirnilarities :rnd difTerences betr-een then'r. Look at the highlighted expressions in the audioscript orr
page 155. Then complete the rules rvith s0, t00 or neither.
\Ve use so / neither when we have something in cornrnon.
* chatting a diary LIse ---,-- ,,,- + auxilian- + l fcir af-firmative stetements.
o laptop * in an airport Use + auxiliary + lfbr negative st2ltements.
* on a train * suit
\dre :.rlso rtse me + too / neitber.
:.: .. : . ::.
-
:ra::;;)..:.:.::aa.aa.:..:.4
IJse rtrc + ,-*---. for affir'rnative staternents.
L se lrr,' + l,,r neqlrir e strternents.
e I think they are on a train.
* They look like friends / colleagues / strangers. Language note: when we don't have something in
common, we can respond with the short form.
* \41-rat clo r..ou think the people in each picnrrc are 4". I am from Scotland. B: I'm not.
talking abciut? Choose one of the pictr-rres ancl u.rite :r short A'. I live in the city centre B: ldon't.
conversation. Then presellt \1)ur coll\-ersrition to another A: I've never been to an aft gallery. B'. I have.
pair.

* 4.
rEsEemrffis )*GtrK$n#
4g

3 a$,3 i
Listen to a conversati<in betr,i'een tlvo people
,i.l ? Look at the topics in the box. \{rrite fir'e trlre sentences
in a taxi. \A,'here are the,v going? \\h:rt happens at the end? about yourself. Lrse the phrases to help vou.

* Listen ag'ain :rnd tick (r') the things ther,' hn-e in

colnnl0n.
r f'hev are both going'to the Technologl. Conference.
z They har.e both been to S:rn F-rancisco befbre. I have / haven't read / seen ... I listen
: Art & music
, -------
I

They are both fronr Germantr

il9:::l-1-olllll" ---
+ 'I'he,v both u'ent to school in Eng'lancl.
[gry:31." - *_l.ll9ll19l"--: Lr "14 ,r '
s Tl-rev both work fbr ABT Technologr,'.
JM'! Uq:119-
--rLyg! !l ,,.!1'rlf"9ti'"r
"
o Thev have both been to conferences before.
-I'1'Lev * \Arork in pairs. A: tell your partner about vourself-.
; are both sta\ing at the cor.rference hotel.
B: respond. Find three things vou have in comrron.
Use the neu'expressiolls vou have le:rrnt.

S Su.ap roles and repeat the activin'.

iVornr up Lumga*cge $ecus: cndo seu
I Put the letters in the correct order tcl rnake rvclrcls for &eess,rse
- - rnological advances.
tr Read rvhat Guy salrs about another
technological advar-rce. Oornplete the
:'eniten velsietoni limboe nohep
sentences with antl, so or ltecause. Use the
cmretuco lenap erplanations in brackets to help t'ou.

2 \\-hv are these advances irnprirtant or usefuli I think the most important technological advance - well for me
:nplete the sentence fbr each of the adr.ances abor-e. personally recently has been a hard disk recorder for recording
- ^k the .. " is impo*ant / useful because ... TV programmes fsays his oplnion]
1 it means I can record everything very easily [gives a
reason]
-rstenrng
' .,,: ., ,.+,,?-!ii Listen to seven people talking'about
2- lcan see exactly what I have recorded by looking al
everything on screen ladds another reason]
. - ::rolos'ical :rclvances. \Arhich advance from exercise 1 is
-.
. persoll talking about? 3- I don't have to find lots of video tapes and different
things like that [adds more information]
: I,rnor, F,ngland s Maxit.t.t, Russia 4 - it is much easier now to record TV programmes
rlthur, France 6 Starla, England than it was in the past [explains a consequence]
>rr'a, Italv 7 \\tlliam, Gharra - because of digital television we have lots more
programmes to choose from ladds another reason]
\ntonis, (lreece
i - there's much more variety and choice
1\ten again. \\hich
speakers
fexplains a consequence]
: r'eirsons for tl-reir choice?
that means you need to record even more
.rt reasons do they qi1's;
programmes than in the past. lexplains a consequencel

? #.na ,ii,----i.:: Listen ancl check \rour ans\\rers.

Language note: in spoken English, it is very common to

add lots of clauses together with words like and, or, so,
or because.

? !.
spesKtng
I \\'that is the nrost important or usefu1 tecl.rnolrlgical
advance? \{try do vou think so? Make a f-eu-notes.

2 \Vork in pairs and present your ideas. Tn'to spe,rk lor

least one rninute.

taaja?;..:.|... a:. : :

ta::aj:;ia':ja:::;t::. ::. :: :

6 For me personally, the most important technolog ca

advance is the ...
o I think the most useful advance is the ... becaus:
* ... and ...
s ... so that means ...
Readimg
! Read Mohammedls essay on The adoantages ancl
disa,dtontages o.f the ittternet. Does he think there are rnore
advantages or disadvantages?
2 Change the third paragraph in dre same way. Use some
of the useful phrases below to help vou. Remember to use
commas.

? Do vou agree with his ideas? Crrn you think of other I Firstly ... / First of all ... e As well as that ...
advantages or disadvantages? o Secondly... e Another advantage is that ..

r ln addition ... o Finally ... / Lastly ...

Writing skilNs: getting idess

\drork in srnall groups arrd discuss this question'
When you want to get ideas for an essay do you ...
" read a book or article on the subject?
. do a ke1'word search on the internet?
o speak to other people?
' brainstorm all you know-and think about the topic?
o u''rite freely to express your ideas?
. use mind rnaps?
" do something else?

Ni of these methods can help. Try using a different one

next time you write an essay.

Fneparing fo write
tr \A/ork in pairs and choose one of the topics belou'.

clocks mobile phones satnavs television

2 Make a list of all the advantages and disadvantages.

3 Think about what to put in the introductory paragraph.

For exarnple, how and where the invention is used, its
Lunguuge focurs: listing points history its effects on modern lif'e etc.

I Look at a correcteti versiott 4 Think about w-hat you will write in the last paragraph.
ofthe second paragraph \Ahat is your conclusion? Are there more advantages or
of Mohammed's essay. disadvantages? Why?
What is different?
Writing
\A&ite the essay. Use your notes and the useful phrases
below to help you. \Irrite four paragraphs:

"
introduction, b advantages, c disadvantages? d conclusion.

e There are several advantages / disadvantages of ...

o However, there are also some / certain disadvantages.
. One of the main advantages / disadvantages is ...
i,'''ting
Gre sa'emmr Ferssnslising icxrguoge Semnnimg
(.ircle the corrct options. Sometimes both are correct.
3 Look at how Atsuko has recordecl new u'ords and
r \\/here doI plug in tl:c cornptner'/ phry the contptfter in? gran)mar lronr the unir.
: If 't'ou don't r.r-ent to lose l.our docutnents, itls a goocl
idea to back thent tr.p / back ttp thettt. TrerLvT't4 {"4; TQarrt exched a,qzl o1'tluht// 4tai4/
\bur cornputer is much ltettar' / nnre ltetter thnl rninc' 6eL nen"ttu a./:out / f teil4Ell4t g
. lrn lrctrks horder' /less hard than his sister' +I
get nrn"ou'r art+en t hwe to s'peak i/4 clat4'
t.-ropping online is rttore conuenient / cctntenienter tl.'an
" My wftet u*ed' to be tt'et"tttu't (
/"u'ck's'
:,lin!l to the suPermarket'
Tlre Nile ts the rttost long / the longest river in the world' o,/tb{k (r. ,^!) Yau'r jrn't, al to thi'r4s' slwe tl"'e
^ttitxilz
- \onr jcrb isn't us uell-pnid n / ns uell-poiil th,rn :n:.in'e. sam.e outl.ottk on sotu*{n'rE.
-firrre
" passes.ftster / ntnre fast than vou think' * Fu4Lle a.n/. t s/ua're tfu saa,u ou'tlirk o/4f1'1*/4dth/'Y.
. Cicrtnanlt is a bit less coltler / less co/d than Non'i'ali b*k I to w"ake a cory ( nfnw-atiou
^f 6or'rb otL
/0w
ctLq.Pater.
Vocabu*wry * I u.LLrr.t retu*tu/ter to b*k *y wy onrk on a maa"oty rttck.
:.:.rcl thc definitions ancl put tl-re letters in the correct nrder
make the correct u.ords.
"My h.a,tr k utu,ch loryer thn*t Fw.rLi4't h"at't'.
\-ou use this to tvpe docur.nents o11 a computer *t y,efer s.otm'mu to wtnter beca/lt4 r /nn t4'uobatlu/4t.
r eh.rdlok
: \ olr store and c21rr\,' conrputer infbrn-r:rtion on this
rr ru,,rttc kicts lf you can reiate new language to yourself, yot"ll'
, rr sm:rll compriter that vou can carry irround experiences or yelur ideas, it sften nnakes it easier
tei renrernber.
potpal
- \-ou use these to listen trl rnusic rvithout rnaking a noise
nohapsheecl
? Think of three words or phrases you have learnt this
week. \4trite a true sentence about yourself or your life
: \-olrr computer sometimes does this if there is a problem
using each word or phrase.
thus lrrond
a r:elationship u.ith a friend 1

sprifidhen z

the state of being hrppl'

shipspanc 3 Write one true sentence about yourself or your life
e person u''ho does a sudl'to find neu. infornration using a comparative strucrure and one using a superlative
screeherra structure.

5pegKrng
I \\'ork in pairs and find three differences betrveen the 4 Work in pairs and read out your sentences. Ask
::nrs belo\\r. \A,'hich do vou prefer ancl rvl-r1'? questions to find out rnore information from your
. enrails ancl text rness'.lges pr rtn er.
. laptop cornplrters and desktctp colllplrters
Renrember to write sentences i:ersnnalising ne'',''
' rrobile phclnes and landlines
language wfien you reeord it in your orocabulary
2 \\brk in pair-s. A: 1'our partner has never seen one of the notebook or gramffiar notes.
:1ns below. Describe it and explain hou- it rvorks.'I'hen
- .,. .rp roles and repeat.

' :l Colllputer
. rr printer
Porl I

1i;i***irr'i & 5 g+*ll,

5
:..1
Cornpare your answers with a partner.
F*p*ai?i*rr+ s.$ timre Vocqbulsry snd Speoking
Askwhy
ild:, efli tcrj I \Ahat do the letters mean? Solve the time A: The best time to get married is in June.
ptzzle.
F1**riirg B: Why?
,& bri*f hirt*ry;*{ A: Because the weather is always good in
fifit$ c*r-r** .

June.

FF*ec:*:f p*1"{*e* +,si*nr

Reoding
$:ci * sirred* I Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
n How many time zones are there in your
country?
o Can you nane a country where it is the
rniddle of the night right now?
r Can you name a country that is one dar-
behind you right now?

2% ?.?4 Read and listen to A brief

on page 79.Are these
history of time zl?tes
statements true (f or false (fl?

2 Here are three othet tim,e numbers. Car' r Time zones have existed for 500 years.
you make more puzzle items with them? z Greenu,-ich Mean Time and Coordinated
Universal Tirne are the same thing.
60 12 52 : China has alu'ays had the same number
3 Complete the rules with the expressions of dme zones.
in the box. + Jet lag makes you tired.
s There is only one internel time.
dates (4th October, 12th March) specific times (6 o'clock, eight{hirty)
seasons (summer, spring) years (1999,2005) 3 Work in pairs and choose one of the
tasks below.
IJse in with months (Febntnry, Decernbe),
A Choose three pieces of inforrnation
times of the da,t, Ghe ajlernoon., the eaenitzg),
frorn the text that you think are the most
arrd -.
interesting. Compare with your partner.
IJse om u'ith days (Monda,y, Fridal,) and
B Discuss the questions.
Use at u'itl-r - and certain tirne n Flave you visited a place u,'ith a
expressions (the weekend, night). different time zone? Where? Wheni
,4Choose five questions and write . Have you ever had jet lag?
your answers on a piece of paper. Use a . Do you know any good ways to avoid
prepositiorr + a tirne expressiort. jet lag?

What's the best time to ...

. go on holiday?
" wake up on a day rvhen you aren't
working?
o do homework or study?
. visit your home town?
o u.atch television for films or series?
. get married in your country?
u do exercise?
 :.:flil
l;nte had stardard time for less thnn 200

.:ich itftenrct titne bss existed since

.../il' and sirtce trith present perfect to

,-^,rbout unllnished tirue
-. .inl u ith a period of tirne
-. ,itrtc r,r ith r point irr tittte
, rlot Llse in + a tinte expression u''ith
-J
l-lresent perfect tense

i'Jcte tlrc tert r,rith [or'.:ittrt or in.

::a of a portable object that tells the time

:::^ around five hundred years.

rhe past, people held watches in their

:.. They were later called pocket watches,
:-se you could put them in your pocket.
: ; r'istwatch has existed 1880, and
-:-cnic watches first appeared
'350s. Digital watches have
:::o 1 970.

r:res have been sold as

: ery ...,,.-,,* more than
-
-rCred and fifty years. A
:.:ir is often considered
':ditional gift idea for a

,nrplctc the sentences lvitlt the present perfcct ancl-f'rtr or .;ince.

(/bi) ir-r this town,.,... ten lrc:lts.

(.rrzzrf) English -..-,,, .- -, --. I r,r'as tr,l elr.e ,verrs old.
(l'f in class eight o'clock.
(knozt) thc tcacher . , -..,.,.,.* t\\'o ve'.lrs.
(/:ale) mv u-atch -.--.. lnv t\vcntieth birthdatr

(knou) ru' oldest fr:iencl we \\-ere at prirnan'school toqether.

nrplcte the sentences with your own icleas ancl cornpare u'ith:r partner.
 ffi ffi#Ha#&,r
Forl ?

. ,-''a :-i::t.,)),:)) !
Voecbulany Lisfereing
1.-l *:er r:r:Fr*+siq:Ft:
! Match the phrases in bold to the pictures. T # :,';$ Listen to a talk about the
i r:i:il:1,1 \Vhich ones do you think are ftinnv? concept of tirne in English. Finish the
giir €f t;fi{. sentence to summarise the n-rain point
{{rFt4ei.:x
r I think he spends too much time in
of the talk.
i:rr,
front of the television.
:r; :r,: ;li:,.i:
z It looks like Torn's worked overtime
I

Time is ...
ial.! $" #ti
again.
2% t"?* A,tatch 1-4 to a-d to make
: -':{) H. i
I
ii
: \Arell, it saves time in the morninp;sl
sentences. Then listen and check your
Ti&:c: :*vi*S ittv*l:lisll:a
+ Have you ever thought this job is a waste
ans\r'ers.
of time?
s Aclvantaee #1: lots of free time.
r The concept of time rn the English
ir+dri,r a,Jp:tLir,;r
language...
& Tsi;: *{ 9.e,'* {ilie* * Look at the r.vords and phrases in bold. z You can spend time and Inonev ...
\\4rat are thev in your language? r You can gire sonleonc vour titne. ...
+ \\-e can con\ ert titne into lllone\ ...
a arld monev into tirne.
b is connected to moneY.
. just like you can give them monev.
a or save it.
3 Are there similar expressions for time in
your language?

Fronune istion

? ffi ?.?I Listen and repeat the sounds

and words.
/at/ , ttrne /et/, save

2 4& ?.?& Listen and tick (r/) the word

that has a diff'erent sound. Ljsten again ancl
repeat the u''ords.
rfly g;nn *'hy eye
2 time smile life rnachine
: rnobile might friend height
+ SAVC waste mail rtonev
s great break meat paper

3 Look at the words in exercise 2' \\'rhat are

solne common spellings for /at/ and /et/?

4% t,F* Listen and repeat the proverbs.

Do you have any similar proverbs in your
language?
r Tirne flies when vou're having fun.
z Time u'aits for no Inan.
: So many things, so little time.
+ Life is short and tirne is su,-ift.
Speaking
tr Work in pairs and choose the five most
important inventions from the list. Then
rank them fiom 1 (rnost important) to 5
(least important).

Top Time-saving lnventions

The hairdryer The personal computer
The internet and email The photocopier
The microwaveoven The plane
The mobile phone The washing machine

r lthink...
r Why do you think so?
. Because ... used to take a very long time.
r lagree/disagree.
Glossary
foolishness (noun) - stupid behaviour
2 Cornpare your list with another pair.
wisdom (noun) - knowledge and experience
Do you agree?

3 Can you think of other things that save

rime?
Recdimg und $peokimg
\ ffi ?,F* Read and listen to the first
lines of ,4 Thle ofTwo Ciries.

2 Work in pairs. Some people say that

dre first line ofthe extract could be about
the times we live in now. Do you agree?
Are we living in the best of times and the
worst of times?

S Complete the sentences with your

own ideas.
It is the best of times because ...
it is the worst of tirnes because ...
4 Compare your ideas with another pair.
Charles Dickens
(1812-1870)
Considered one of the greatest
English novelists in history,
Dickens came from a very
poor family. His books often
talk about the situation of poor
people in Victorian England.
! gtt J

h 16

i.!,'t:+ ;. vi,*:'i.l ;:i;r'rt:;tr-i W*ccba;{mny - Ft?a K€fi#$ts

i.l-rt1;1:;1.',
.L. 1ilt:t:i :r..,., "+i:
? Match the r.vords in the 3 Look at the title of tl-re text on p:rge 83.
clo you think jt is about?
box to the pictures. \\'hat
!.1.<..,";:..t:;a,r1.

',,: t+8.+.+ 3 Read the text and check your a1ls\\rer.

& Read the text again and ans\\rer the

Jt{t 44i:a lila,+aa .:+t.,a questions.
1+r'*. +.:r++lrl t Hou. rnuch does dre child's toy cost?
.:tt:,r.:t:!-1:ai.j
z Does the universiq' graduate have a job?
1:: : .:

: \\''hen does the familv nrall palr the billsi

+ \A4rere clo the young couple work?
s \\'hat has the l-reir clone u'ith her rnone\'l
cash cheque coins o Do the retired couple have money
credit card notes purse wallet problerns?

& \\'that are colnmon nlone\, concerns for

A Cross out the option that is not possible. people your age?
I Youearn a asalary
o ,at,rraau Grmnwmmr
.
the lottery
You can spend money a on clothes I'oe ah.ead.y saaecl €3.
b on food I haaen't statted work yet.
. ir-r the bank.
You can take out a loan . from a bank
. rse alrend! to emphasise something has
u fiom your wallet happened befbre nou'
. fbr a car. . use j[et to talk about something that

You ou.e mone\/ to a f iend has not happened, but u'ill probably
" happen soon
n to the bank
. for vour r'vallet.
People pay " electricity bills t Find eramples oflel and o/r'eud1, 1n 1l1g
u r.vater bills text and complete the ru1es.
c monev bills. \\ie use yet and ah'eady u'ith tl-re teir::
& Look at the questions about mone),'. \A'e use -- irr affirrnltir e state nrenls.
\Aie use
-- in negatives and -- questions.
\Alhich questions would vou not normallv
ask someone ,vou don't know very lvell? * !\rork in pairs. Look at the to do list ancl
1 Hou, r.nuch do )'ou earn? lnake sentences -nvith-ye/ or alreac$.
z \dtrere's dre nearest cash machine?
She has already done the shopping.
r Can you lend rne some lnonev?
She hasn't paid the bills yet.
+ Hou.. rnuch did your jacket cost?
s lIor,r' rnuch do lrou spend every u,-eek on do the shopptng v'
tbodi 'pnLl tht bills
r Do you have change fbr a five (clollar/ cnll work nbout n dntl oif
euro/pound) note?
z FIou'much casir clo vou have u'ith vou
do Enqlish homuttork 'r
Eo ta the bnnk 'z'
nou'? pharrc pnrents
s Do you owe a lot of rnoner'?
4 Compare 1-our ans\\,.ers r,l'ith a partner.
3 Make vour o\''n to tloltst.\d,trite doll'n six
hings. Include ...
. three things vou haven't done yet, but
rvould like to do this v'eek.
0 three things you have alreadv done this
rveek.

4 Cor.npare vour list u'ith a partner. Ask

-'uestlons.
Have you done your homework yet?
^.
3. Yes, I have.
Have you visited your parents yet?
^.
3: No, / haven't.
t. When are you going to visit them?
.= -,:aj{.t1a'**-{ l:+{a}+ .- -tr -j.rati:_-i::.:;i: i :!t.,j::
.,,::::a;aa..:: 1;; 1',1: i,. :,if,,;::t::j.: ::.:': -:,Ca:,t:: :.
*:i

Pr*mq-Fme 6wf€sn
12 Listen and repeat the sound and
.,. orcls. "1,1:i
\ , sun, rnother
2 ,=;"=? Tick (rz) the words th:rt have
:rc /.,t / sound. Then listen and check vour
: ns\refs.

brother bus buy

cost home money some

I la:
Read and listen to the poem
--.
^

'- -'lrxlr

4 \\'brk in pairs.
i.tad the poem, More work.
,r.re line each at Less fun.
, time.
More money.
More buying.
More fun.
Less money.
More work.
Less fun.
More money.
More buying.
More fun.
Less money.
More work.
 :i.-+3.
:4 Tr ".Ee,:!.+.,-.
4i '& fi.--.. -.t-=: l: ?
;,E|'4+
:+ F{: -: 7 it :;. r"

2".",..t' .F,;,,- E

Fnrt 4

io
\mlsrrE*inrr
srv*.r!!!g
i:':ii,Irl-i:r';: f,i.':i:,..: t.

Look at the pictures of people meeting

at a bank. \trrork in pairs and describe the
;1 l:ifi:r;tti 2r; *.j .;'. i::+ :ti. similarities and differences between them.

"1{!+:.,::i.:lti;;;.:::lt.
::ii:i:::t;j1.:jrrt: :r:j: _. :
t:;a:.,'::a,i.'i: :|ti: : : a l,. a

6 formal clothes 6 group of women

e married couple $ modern office
e outside I traditional clothes

o ln this picture ... but in this picture ...

* ln this picture they are wearing ... but in this
one they are wearing ...
a This picture was probably taken in ... while
this one was taken ...

$Fnmrdine
!\vvvtt ts

kind of hank. Find two differences between a

Grameen Bank and :1 normal bank.

Giossary
branch (noun) - an office representing a large company
charity (noun) - an organisation ihat gives money and help to people who need
founder (noun) - someone who stafis an organisation
poverty (noun) - a situation where people do not have enough money to pay for
basic needs
 g!
2 Read the text again and choose the ,rq
epe*K683S
Jorrect answer.
x Read the situation below.
r The Grarneen Bank thinks that ... should
get loans first. Situation
" rich people r, people u.ith nothing
The bank has lent your learning institution €1 2,000 to modernise the facilities.
c WO111911
The director has asked you for suggestions on how to spend the money. What
: lt lends ... to pcople.
a small amounts of money does your institution need?
u large amounts of noney
c 11O 1]lOfle}r * \Vork in small groups and discuss u.hat
r Most of the people who borrow frorn the you are going to bu1'. Remember that your
bank are ... budget is €12,000. \A,rrite dou-n your final
a wOlnen. b pOOr. Iist of items.
. both \4'orren :rnd poor.
+ Grameen Bank workers neet the S Present vour pl'.rn to another group.
borrowers ... Clive reasons frrr your decisions.
in their offices. u in tl-re capital city.
" a:?.i::,i a:::,:..4:a.t: 4.
.ija"j:t, :-1 tt :,- : .
:1.

-
:
:
:

in their viliages.
" -,€.ij:l!i4'.1.:i:.:i'ii .:i..

i The bank gets back ... of the money it

lends. * We need ...

" abit I alinost all . all e We don't need ...

e ... is more important than ... because ...
3 \\hat do you think of the Grameen bank?
* I don't think ... is as important as ...
is it a good idea?
because...
e I don't think ... is very important because
e We have decided to spend ... on
because...

lf we borrow something from someone, they

give it to us and we agree to give it back.
I n*ed tc b*rro'tttt sc*"]e ftianey frr,:m th* ba*k.
lf we lend something to someone, we give it
to them and they agree to give it back to us.
Tlt* {;ank ls g*lng tc l*nci me ssffe rneney-
Complete the sentences u.ith the correct
fc>rnt ol botrow or lend.
1 lr'{y pen isr't l,v*rklng. Can I

yuu' !i ,
She him lv't* ihausand +ur*s fot
.nC aal. iir hlSn 1 ;Jj C ,i i'pCV ".,. t.
--_
I lirn't hav* en*r:gh m*n*y fcr tl* bus.
Cculd 5r6Ll rr* s*nre? =
;.,
v//ie J Cil t iiuvr' CrlOJ,ji Cl'Airi :" tn' o
s;*n:e froi'n the neighboi.;r.

av=@
 tS.
:i?
a t ti:.i: a:::t!j
!i :i'iil rr:ij I !;l

,:.,:r.]::.:.X

.'..:,.:.:liill:::.r.,3
' j::r.: i:lrpiiaii;:,:::a:::a::i:

Wmn"rm axp $**ngx*mg* $*eess: sfu*ppirng

I Look at the pictures of fbur difl-erent markets. \\iork in ? Correct the mistakes in tl-rese sentences.
pairs ancl clescribe the sirnilarities and difl-erences betu'een r How rnuch it is?
them. z I can help vou?
-:'
.i ."i:) : ' -
: I just looking thanks.
,;-:::t.
.: + Have you a red shirt?
s You can to have it for a hundred and m,'enry-five.
a This stall sells ... a I take it.
" I think this market is in ... z No, thanks. I leave it.
" The stallholder is ... s That verv expensive.
* \\,hjch market couid vou see in your country? k +{,s l.i4 Listen and check vour ans\\rers. Then listen and
repeat the phrases.

Lisfenimg
Spem*<ir:g
I 4i+ ::.1i5'*?"3.T Listen to three conversations. N{atch each
one to a photo. \A,rork in pairs and choose one of the tasks below.

2 Listen again ancl ans\,'er the questions. A Choose one of the markets and roleplay a conversation.
(}rnr-ers:rtion 1: \\4rat does the man \vant? Use the new expressions yolr have learnt.
FIou. rnuch is the final pricei s Cl-roose three thinEJs (eg your book, your pencil, your
C.onversation 2: \\4rat cloes the u'oman bul? phone). You are going' to try and.rel/ them to vour partner.
C-onr ersrrtior-r J: \4lhat does the woman want? Decide a price for each thing.
\41hr,' rs she sad at the end?
Try and sell your things to vorrr partner. Use the ner.r-
expressions you have learnt.
 .language and the
),S:F..T.oU F,,,b,y David, erystal

lf there's a number you should remember when thinking about Timeline of the English Language
the way the English language has changed over time, it is the
449 AD
number four.
\l .: ; r'. t.iri
rr !,: r'i
The first boats carrying Angles, Saxons and Jutes from the I *;-rr*'.
'_i-___ -*.--,_,,.-'*i"r*i,t'a i ]-
north of Europe arrived in several parts of the British lsles in
449 AD. The different dialects they spoke gave us the earliest
form of English - Old English, or Anglo-Saxon. Exactly 400
i
years later, King Alfred 'the Great' was born. He is especially -i\-
l;1.:.:,,i-
famous in the history of English, because it was thanks to his 1r4J=.
planning that Old English literature survived.
787 AD Viking raids began in England -
ln 1400, Chaucer died, leaving us the literary highlight of Scandinavian influence on English names for
Middle English, The Canterbury Tales. Soon after, a major people and places
sound change began which affecied many English vowel
sounds. This 'Great Vowel Shift' is the main reason that 849 AD
15 Chaucer's language sounds so different from the English we
use today. 1066 Norman invasion of England. The
French language influences English in many ways.
ln 1600, when Shakespeare was writing. roughly 4 million
people spoke English in Britain. Today, around 400 years 1 400
later, 400 million people
zo speak Engllsh as a fiiossary 1 40Os-1 500s
mother tongue, and four Angle, Saxon, Jute (noun) - the names
times as many speak it of Germanic peoples who lived in 1476 first printing press
England
as a second or foreign set up in England. Standard
language. dialect (noun) - a way of speaking a writing system starts to
language that is used only in a padicular develop.
area or by a particular group
shift (noun) - a change in something 1 600

1 600S English comes into contact with other

W*rrm axgr languages through colonisation.

Look at the tirneline for the English language. Tick (rz) the
l BOOS Time of the lndustrial Revolution and
bold phrases that you have heard ofbefore. British Empire. Huge changes in English.
t.
KegGtsls 1BB4 tttew English Dictionary project begins -
will become the Oxford English Dictionary.
I Read the text The English longuage and the number four.
Find three reasons rv'hy the number fbur is important. -1
late 900s Rise of the internet and
globalisation. English becomes world language.
2 Read the text again and complete the timeline r'r.ith
ir.rfrrrmation frorn the text. 2000
F l.
Ler:gwmge $mca*s bpesKlns
Choose the option ll'ith the same rneaning as the \Arork in pairs and discuss the questions.
unclerlined phrases. * Can you think of anv examples of how your lauguase
1 exactly 400 vears later has changecl? For example, a word or phrase that tlo.s:l'.
" 400 b 390-'+10 exist anvmore.
r ra!€ilJlrlljoLr people n \\4rat other languages have an influence on \-our
n 4 rnillion b 3.8-.+.2 rnillion language? Can you give exarnples?
l around 400 years later * Does your language have an influence on iln\- I )::;
" 400 r, 395-405 languages? \\hicl-r ones?
+ .t00 million speak English as a n.rother-tonglre, and four
times as man), speak it as a second or foreign language

" 100 million b 1,600 tnillion

:

F
F
Writing skills: *r##ffiis;r'!S your idess
Look at Thvse's essav plan belov'. Put the points jn each
paragraph in the correct order.

/ LLfe todi/ too

fa,tt
a" too 144i'1y til)n1s to dD - alanLt rut/l//4t
b Ut /'tt cititt too fatt
^
c tranrTnrd r.nternzt,
rtod.
z Dont ha.u,e e-ftiut/4 t 442
fu, %flnt /, k47ortaltt
a w U.ule ftrfri.end,s ati fil44//
b enrn bay th@t
c l1mny alrour r/rhtatia4t - be6u4p s'tresred
d. satte tiu'@ but
fU it wufu rlh.er tlu.rys
3 conrlwion - ath*to do
XlAtrp.{rmR a" ryenl tu.ore ti,r,uz wul,tfrteftl.t & fil4tu 1/
{\{;{,!sJ € i {!..1
b cant let hfe pa.rt ux by
? Reacl ti,..n essay on LiJe toilal, is too Jast rnttl people clon't c rey'ax., h/ln
fln * mtu)c, real,mg, /421/bizt
hnae erutt.rgh tirne Jbr zuhat is irnportant. Does she agree with d. 1u/. to rea..bre rlh,er til.rn1s a.re u'r7or.ta/4,t

the staterlent? Ef
$"firnsufise focus: s,vxm# y*e*r *p8mxeffi
Complete these sentences frorn the text.
1
-,*'- -,-. realise that there are other things in life
u.ell as rvork and money.
as

2 -- .-.-.---.spend rnore time seeing our friends and

familr,'.
3 - llnd dme to listen to music.
4 ----,-- let lif-e pass us by.
-.
Fr*pmr&mg ** wrife
1 \4rork in pairs and choose one of the statements below- tcr
write about. Do you agree with the statement?
* Schools ancl universities do not teach studer-rts enough
about hos. to manage their time.
* The love of money is the root of all evil.
* \trrrite three paragraph headings and then u-rire notes
under each heading.
* Read the essav again and put the sentences in the correct
:.+;4!;a ?:)..at aa i.,t!:.
a '
pl:rces. How clo the sentences help us to understand each :r::l:!:;itrj.t:.
i:lji:irl:i<- r. -r .: '-. .j: : :

paragraph?
* lt is (certainly) true that ...
" I believe it is in-rportant to realise that there are other * I (personally) believe that ...
things in lif'e as rveil as r.vork and money.
b .\s a result of this, \\re save time but end up fillingitu.ith * lt is my opinion / view that ...
otl-rer things.
. Tt is certainly true that for many people, especiallv in big Wn$*img
citics, life todaf is too fast.
\Vrite your essay. Use your notes and the useful phrases to
..: D,, r,,u :rq^rce u ith Tltr se\ opinions? help vou.
Grmmra"nsr fvtc*cging ytlur study time
I Cornplete the sentences rv'ith the correct u.orcI. ? Ansra,,er the questions about srudy dme. lhen cliscuss
1 My birthday is -- November 12th. your answers with a partner.
2 \\1lat are you doing the r.i'eekend? t l[{ren do you study best?
3 The best time to get married is the spring.
" In the morning.
+ l'r e lir ed in rrri house six r ears. u In the afternoon or evening.
5 I've studied French --
last,vear. . Late at night.
6 I'r'e had this purse I r'vas ten years old. z \\trat do you do with homework?
Put the r'vords in the correct order.
o Do it straight away.
u Do it when you are ready.
yet / bill / paid / electricity / vott / the / have?
" Do it at the last mirrute.
1

2 gave / lne / a / bank/ Ioan / the. : How do you study outside class?
J saved / three / have / I / alreadl' / euros. a Just do your homework.
+ ftin / flies / you're / ttrne / having,/v'hen. I Re-read the work done in class.
lt . Do other work as well.
vsc#brr;Ge'y + When do you re-read your notes?
'! Match the r,vords on the left to the ones on the right. , Belore meals.
iet lroney
u tavelling to school or work.
student iam " Before going to sleep.
pocket u'atch
over 1.g Top tig:s f*r study ti;'tt*
tr-affic loan * Find the tirne w}:en you work best, and study
cash tirne then.
u rist rnachine
* ffi*-r*ae{ the work y*u hav* studi*el in e !as*.
2 Put owe , borrou or lend in each g;ap. Litti* and c{ten is best, *.9. t*n mlnultes a elay.
r Could you *'''',-.- 1ne ten dollars, pleasei * spare mornents t* r*-rsad ynur eiass ro,Jork,
[",lss
: I need to - -- - . sorne rnoney from the bank. eg b*fore meals, bstwe*n class*s, *ir the bus or
: Hou- much c1o L . vou for the tickets? waiting {cr an appoinirncni.
a l. * Decide what is nlost iinportant.
5pefiKrffis * Mak* * lv*rk piar: and foilnw it.
I \4iork in groups of three. Thlk about vourseh'es using/or' * ilcn't l,,uasts tiime thinkinq ahaut worlq * dp !t
s.nd since and try to find three thing's that are the san-re for straight away!
lll of rrou.
I've known Maria for three years. € Make a study plan for next \\-eek. LTse your anstvers to
I've had my watch since January. exercise 1 and the Top tips to help vou.
We've all studied English for two years. Wrhat will yorr do?
'
2 \\rork in groups of three and discuss vour English n \{4'ren will you do it?
classes. Find three things you've alreaclv stuclied, and three
tl-rings you haven't studied yet.

We've already studied the present perfect.

We haven't practised writing letters yet.

3 \Vork in pairs and ask each other these questions.

. \dtrat do you usuallv spend your tnonev oni
. Do you save money? How? \Vhat fbr?
. Hor,r'do you like to spend your free timei
F-e r 'l

e4
q m';:ld3 *"
!f I *'slU
fq E i-s^*l**
. ;..-....!.-.-_.-. #PqrgtqUq
€w
e.{}49$r€{rs
Drau'' an outline of the roor-ns in vour house T Look at the pictures of tl.rree famous
or flat. Then u,-ork in pairs and t:rke your homes. \A,'l'rere are the)'l \\,'ho do you think
. ',i.
partner on a tour clf your home. lived there? Use the u.ords in the box to
help you zuess.
!.ai::l::,::.:' .:. a. '
::+,\..': :..-... :. . - .
i:i::j j: rr :::.,:!: ::. I - : castle Dracula film set ghost
€ balcony s bathroom haunted prince prisoner tower
* bedroom * dining room
* front door * hall
a living room
? ':{1,.: :.:i":-::..:;t':} Listen to people talking
c, kitchen
l.':.::a i : . : ::t:.:)4.
about these hcimes and check yolrr answers.
q study * toilet
:.:i'::: !t:!J & Listen ag;ain. Are the staterrents true (f
ijtj:l::].-::i:. 1 :_ . : or f'alse (fli
t-a+: :'a.r.. ::. :.- .:, :., : Conversation l:
s This is the ... e Over here there's a ... n The to$rer $ras built more than 900 vears
ago.
u The )roung princes \\-ere put in the tou-er
#***u n*ei*i.i^*
g t {J!}t**!L}q*Is\3b* b1' 11-t.1r uncle Richard IIL
x .€3:'i..i'-i Listen and repeat the sound and Conversation 2:
the lr.ord. The house r'vas used in a film.
"
/h/, horne u The house is never open.
Conversation 3:
* Fj.}j
'iii Listen to the sentences.
l..;
castle is still occupiecl by the
Underline the u.ords r.vith the /h/ sound. " Tl're
goverllment.
Flome is u-here ... the heart is. t, Dracula never saw the castle.
hlppr rttcln, trics lre.
vou vour h'.rt.
hangJ
4, Are there anv famous hornes in your
the hard drive is. town? \\here are they? \,\4-ro lived there?
your hopes are.
S Listen again and repeat the sentences.
!\'hich one do vou like tl-re best?
A house is a building that people live in.
$he jrires ln iha't hig h,ause"
Someone's home is the place where they live.
t't. -! 4^' - _L- t -..- 1l A lijtIe !e:,lii\"
Complete the sentences with house or horn.e.
: I :, Eolng __ airer uiaSg.
2 Fiease dc exer*ise 3 for wcrk.
-? S** lnai big reC over ih*re?
My fath*r lives tnere^
4 -
l'!l dc the shcpping end cl*aning, but you
'J -' thi Crl rer
- 14, (-,1':1.
5 l-"ii, l'rx nct at ,._- at tlre rn*ment"
*:.:".,
=. -.""::::: ...:::
Gnsmmsr
People say the tower is bsunted.
Thc mstle was retut'ned to its owners.

. we use the passive voice when we want

ro Focus on the action, not the person
who does the action
. we also use the passive voice when we
do not know who does the action or it
rs not lmportant

I Read the sentences from the listening and

decide if they are active (l) or passive (P).
r The Tower of London was built in 1078.
z Their uncle put them in the tower.

+ People believe that Mad Tepes - the

original Dracula - lived here.
s It is visited every year by thousands of
people.

2 Complete the texts with the correct form

of to be.

Official residences
around the world Kemdixrg wand Wdrit6x'xg
The Palacio de la Monclo? is the official
residence of the Spanish prime minister in Madrid.
? Read rhe scene frorn the filll; Brum
Stol<er'.r Drarula.
It was / is destroyed during the Spanish Civil War,
but it was / ls rebuilt afterwards.
* Work in pairs and write the next three
Abdeen Palace, in central Cairo, is / was built lines of the dialogue. Then present your
in 1874 for the Egyptian royal family" Today it ls /
scene to another pair.
was used as an official residence for the president
and a museum.
Language note: / bid you welcome is a
The Lodge, located in Canberra, Australia, formal, literary way of saying welcome.
is / was built in 1926. lt was / ls meant to be a
temporary home for the Australian prime minister.
Now it is the official one.

The official residence of the president of Ukraine

is Mariyinsky Palace in Kiev. lt is /was
constructed in the 18th century and ls / was used
as military headquarters between 1917 and 1920.

rfre Zhongnanhai is a group of buildings

in Beijing, China. lt is / was used as an official
residence of the head of state in the past. Today,
when foreign politicians come to visit, they were /
are welcomed there.

#tu
ffi L"n*nrr"-i '0e r"
: I
. , .. i
 b4

'",,,-'.i.r,:,,r ..

V*embtx€*rlr tr*'!d Spe*kimg & Quickly read the rest cif the text and
choose the best subtitle.
X Look at the pictures of different anirnals.
\Arould you keep any of- these animals in " Tiue stories of cats ufio lil'ed in
difl-erent countries.
your hornel \Vhich onesi
u Tiue stories of cats u'ho travelled a long
budgie cat dog goldfish hamster distance to come horrre.
horse mouse rabbit snake spider . Tiue stories of c:rts who loved their
o\4rners.
a Tiue stories of cats u'ho travelled a lone
* \\4rich of these anin-rals have ...
distance to leave horne.
a tail? eight legs? ftir?
bie ears? fins? u'ingsl 4' l:.,;:.i Read and listen ro rhe rext and
,r,:.;=F

complete the sentences u..ith the names of

* \4rork in pairs and ask each other these the cats.
ib": questions. r ''-- lived in the USA.
" Did vou har.e a pet as a child? \dhat u-as it? 2 -..- carne home after about tr,vo
* ,{r:e you afraicl of any of tl-rese anirnals? -.-..,.
months.
i -' and --- came b'.rck horne after
UAed.*a
!\F{"31Jc3 €bd a
--u'eek.
T Do you prefer cats or dogs? \\'hv? Tell a
4 --,, went to his ou-ners' second home.
partner.
s u-as happv but Verv dirry
---
I prefer ... because they are friendlier / more 5 Find u.ords in the text u''ith these
meanings.
intelligent / more interesting.
I don't like cats or dogs. t so important that you should not criticise
it (introduction)
* Read the introduction to The cat cntne z the official line that separates two
* bttck on page 93 and discuss the questions in countries (paragraph 1)
s
pairs. I very dirty (paragraph 2)
€ Do cats have any special meaning in your 4 the sound a cat m:lkes u.hen it's happv
country? (raragraph 2)
Do many people keep them as pets?
\A4rat is the most common pet?
& \\,hich story do you tl-rink is the most
surprising? Do you knou, any unusual pet
In English, people sometimes say that
stories?
cats have nine lives. Does this expression
exist in your language?
-frffew
mmR ffiffiffiRffi ,fummfu

&r'.q'fu:*r:i::glist* **Birrr;:'!* tf:;*? *#lll*r::: a** +-*€s fu*v*,tiv*rl 1*g*tlt*r- f*:r

::1#r* trh;r* *,**13:1**r*. it"; 4n*i**t i;*l,F{: *iris ::'i-:i: .;r:i;Lr;Li,i;,t ::s*i'*d
nrirnnts arrri ;.::'*t*.",r i;: ., ;'; ;1,,':r,. i,:*;*1. ?i't*g* &f* *fi,**titr:*{"*::i
$i3* *riiir-ri: tl*g'vlr::*ti* **t* l* !:ir*'r*,,*r'l{*" *:*ki*g **t* *:r:* :*f l** ;e*:gt
!':*l{'tf?!{:!i: *nlft*is l*'lf:* h*fl:*. }.{'s. *s,1*}$:r.}ii n:* **y ii:*t *;*tg i:*.g*
*in*: iivre.** h*:**l;";$* *f l**ri ;}iiilil*
..1, . ..,,rr!, o_1,::it ii l.;t,.u .ir *- ::r.:.:ll i..i:il i, i li,l* icii il i:.ir ii: r i:: -* ii,:ivt,iir,.# ,1,..t =
i,; ii'ir; Fi*r"i;i: 1' l
.,; ;l i;.
l;L;i;i. ln 1978 this three-year-old ,:-iii"'..,".;ii
l*:* f*ii*'u.;;rt# t{{-r* sl*ri*s ***r;;" 'L'l:,:11.
cat walked home from the Gold Coast in The Servos family lost their pet cat
Queensland, Australia, to Adelaide. The Gringo from their home in northern
l.J I :'l'=,.:r :i : * i t";'lli*i :*,."j .,1 .
:; (-lii
trip took ayear. Kirsten Hicks, the cat's France in December 1982. The
Li ii ; I i' : r'i,:''; il i j,i,'] i': : i"ll ;,1 ll,,'. I n owne1 said that although he was filthy following July they learnt that the cat
1981 Mehmet Tune, a Turkish and bleeding, Howie was actually purring. was in the south of France. Gringo
man living in Germany, went had travelled through France and
. r : .. i,,. " T :.
to Turkey with his cat and family arrived at the Selos's summer
for a holiday. At the Turkish border ln September 1 994; ChrisahdrJennifer
home a week lat€r,The
Minosch disappeared. Sixty-one days Trevino's cat Ernie jumped out of a
neighbours took care of
later, back in northern Germany, the
pick-up truck while it was,traveiiing
him until the Servos
family heard a noise at the door. lt down the motorway. The cat was 965 ir r:'
family arrived.
was Minosch. km away from home. A week later, Ernie
walked back into the Trevino family home
in Victoria, Texas.

l, I g

YOCfipUgfl!'y
I Look at the
picnrres and complete
the sentences v-ith the
correct prepositions
frorn the box.

across across
t Ernie jurnped the truck and walked z He v'ent a bridge, and ,,-- sotne
along down in
the highv'ay. fields.
into out of past
-
through up

2# '?"45 Listen and

check your ans\r'ers.
Then cover the
ientences and try
retell the story.
tcr
f.tt!- e :.;..**r-'"ffi
: He u'alked -- the river, but f-ell + FIe ran some sleeping dogs
accident.

s He climbed -,-. a tree to sleep and climbed e He walked the farnilv home one week
rgrin the nexr morrring. later. -- :.:arr.ri{r ,ii::i ia
rf,ft ,1

6d 6F* r{ r! sa fE $-xs?*r"aimg
'..,. .".. .. --.--.;",".-,. t\EHS I $\d

Read,,1 quick guide to the world's Tnost fomo'us & '€e'z.,:i*-E=+A Listen to three
l-,;a:; a\:
guidebooks and complete the sentences with
a;.
conversations between tourists and travel
t + i"t t :c= ;=';i++z'+,ji; guides / agents. Choose the correct situation
the names of the guidebooks.
I:*e:',L i=t:\:j+:.=,
1 became fan-rous for its fbr each one. There is one place vou don't
need.
--,-,,' reviev-s.
restaurant
{ir :zt t * t:*!il';:,e'z z ---_. ---- was \\,'ritten by a soldier.
beach city centre market travel office
3 -- uras the first modern
j:.;lli::i;1 r-! ::;a--.:aia::a\ ) -_--
guidebook.
4 .. and were u ritten * Listen again and choose the cclrrect
for people w-ithout a lot of money. ans\\,'ers.

Conversation 1: TI-re man wants to travel ...

\\4rich ofthese guidebooks did vou know
about already? " to the USA. t this month.
c 11€Xt month.
Conversation 2: The tower is ...
newest building in the city.
tl-re
"
u
the tallest building in the city.
.
the oldest building in the city.
Conversation 3: The guide persuades the
man to ...
" buy a carpet. u have lunch.
}:*-E;-fr . visit the city.
f,fii-;ffj,jL::,1;::;i .,
+*t.;.-':-: \...)..i:::,:'::.'
?E;G.-::.a..:i..: :a:,. . :.::: . .

a+?+t4t+r::1..1 :-. . :,
W?:Et*..):...+.?:.:,,:.....
:: : ::-
a4+31-:.';4.:i1'.a.:::1.::
:

A tnp is when we go somewhere and come

back again.
Adrive is atrip in a car. Aflightis atrip in a
plane.
A journey is a long trip from one place to
another.
A four is a trip to a place where there are
interesting things to see.
A ride is a short trip in a car or bus or on a
bicycle or motorcycle.
Replace the underiined words with other
words that mean u'ip.
1 I w*nt for a trip in my Lrrother'$ new car.
2 They were very tired and had j*t lag after
*h: tfrird *r'in
^lan^ re tr'lr.
urur
3 i-le took me fcr a trip in his new
Volkswagen.
4 $hs's saving money for her next ttitr)
across Eurcpe.
.'f{"1$?g'!'f i::i''

If 1,otL go ltp tlJe t0a-el; lcttr. z.uotz't re gret it.

If you buy one rf'these crr])et-t rtou, I can get
tt gtod price Jbr you.
I'Il ask if ytr,like.
. use the fir'st conditior:ral to talk about a

possiblc funrrc sitult ion

. use the present simple in tl-re zf clause
. trse will, cnn or nt.ight plus verb in the
rnain clause
. the z/clause can be the first or second
clause in tlre sentence
i Check vou unrlerstand thc y>hr',tse lttach
resu't. Arc thcre any bcach resorts it-t your
countn'? Do vou like tl-rem?
, Con.rplete dre sentences from thc
Listening ri.ith the correct phrase. .3 ,-.,,,., ,,i Read ancl listcn to the text.
r
'I'hen l r rk in pairs rnd cliscuss drc ffi
If you trnt'el / i;i// trnt'el thts :nlonth,,1t611'//
qu estioll s.
#
/ )'otr get all extril 20% cliscount.
: If vou z:;i/l go / go up the to\\,cr, volt ilrll'r " \Ahat c1o Srl and tl.re others \\'rr11t to
/ t/on't regret jt. avoid? \\'hr'?
: Lli'll / l.'l? qo there later if I'ou *-i// unttt / ., Do r-ou often visit placcs that ..rre

it/1/1t. popul:rr ri'ith touristsl

+ If you btrl' / i;",i\/ &zry tuo, she r:ill gii:e / .Ve tlterc:ttl\ l)l;t(c( itt rottr cr)tttllr\
{ilcs you a big discount. tl.rrrt ha','e tori much touristn? \\here?

.' \\rl-rat is the clifl-erence betu ecn these

Alex Garland (',l970-) is an
:Cl1 tenCeS?
English writer of novels and f -:
. If I go to Lonclon, I'll bur,' ar-r Enelish He wrote his first novel Ihe 86..
q'uidebook.
in 1996 when he was 26 !€a':
r, lf I eo to Lonclon, I niieht lnv au -

Ens'lish guiclebooh. and it became a classic. lt \'.'as

. If ] go to Ltxrclon, I car.r br-rv au Enelish made into a film in 2000.
euidebook.
, \\rrrrk in pairs. Read the situittions ancl
eorlplete thc sentences riith r-or-rr orin itlcas.
r \bu $ rnt to go sotneu'here this n eekeucl.
(sunnv or raining?)
lf it's sunny, we'll ...
: \?ru have u on a biq prize (a trip firr tu.tt
or monet-?) :$
il
If we win the trip for two, we ...
: \bur fricncl is g'oing tcl have a babl'and
]iou \\'ant tri ltuy a present. (bol or g'irl?)
lf it's a boy ...
 &
E- w@ '"tu -*
""%%EiauHT
"
%,"8: "_4
*i='%,.
5- ?h rE %,'

#F

Fsrf 4

*r:+e;iLing 4:il*1+;
Specleimg Recdimg
\A,'ork in pairs. Look at the pictures belou' T Read the text l{ew kinds of totu'ism on
.:t.,::;;--::i::t: 'J
and describe thern. FIow do you think they page 97 . Which kind of tourism does each
*:;i!+r:t iv*: * ;:rerp*+siii+*i are connected? picture show?
.- 2 Read the text again and put the sentences
i.i*'.g ir!*+i:" *f t+,*r!ss: ..:
" "" in the correct places in the text.
"

* ancient This kind of tourism involves going to

6 castle
"
o disaster area s kitchen a different country for health care and
itr:e+* iq:+#:tiq+*+:.r i
at dre same time enjoying more q,pical
s operating theatre e storm
tourist attractions.
:l ;.,,.,':ll::ii:tr il. !li:l:l::l;l
g*ftt€!:d* 1€v*;* W:FFi?1tt'
"-='
:;;,':', :'' ;' u New Zealand has benefited from this
kind of tourism since the film The Lu,d ol-
* lt looks a bit like ... the Ringr u,-as made there.
The increase in the number of tourists
* This picture shows ... while this one shows ... "
* This picture looks nicer / more interesting / also means an increase in the kinds of
more boring than ... tourisn nou' available.
a Cooking holidays are growing in
It populariry especially in countries like
vocubulory Italy and France.
1 Cornplete ,h. ,.nr.n..s with the correct This kind of tourism is not very popular
"
prepositions. with local residents for obvious reasons.
3 \Vhat is your opinion of these different
about at in of of with kinds of tourism? \drrite a number for each
one. 1 =veryacceptable, 5 = cornpletely
t I'm interested historical and
unacceptable
cultural places.
I'm bored beach holidays; we go Then compare your ideas with a partner.
to the beach e\ eD year.
I think ... is very acceptable.
I'm worried the situation and I
I have some problems with ...
want to help.
I think ... is unacceptable.
:1Tl + I'm fond sand, sea and sun.
s I'm not good cooking, but I want
to learn. -
e I'm a bit afraid old castles and
places like that.

? Match the sentences in exercise 1 to the

pictures frorn the speaking activity. More
than one ans\\-er mav be possible.

S Complete the sentences in exercise 1

with your own ideas.

 1,600
New kinds of 1,400

1,200

I r,ooo
=E aoo

600

400
People are travelling more than ever before. The World 2oo
Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) predicts that by 2020 the 0
number of international travellers will be more than 1.6 1 950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

billion people per year (see char.t). Here are four

different kinds of tourism that have appeared recently.
Disaster tourisrn involves visiting the site of a disaster. Examples
include tours to New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, to parts of
Medical tourism can be for a variety of things, from Thailand after the tsunami or tourist visits to ground zero in New York.
operations to visits to the dentist or even cosmetic surgery.
, a A few of the popular countries offering medical
tourism are lndia, Cuba, Thailand, Argentina and Jordan. ln
Kenya they even offer medical safaris. Another growing area of tourism is literary tourism. This is a kind
of cultural tourism and there are severaltypes. lt can be
connected to the life of an author, for example visiting
Nearly all tourists eat in restaurants, and dining is one of
the author's home or favourite
the top three tourist activities. But if you were in a country
famous for its food, would you learn how to cook it?
places, or connected to the lives l*i;*ss&i::i
of characters in a story. It can also cosmetic surgery
(noun) - medica
Welcome to the more extreme form of culinary tourism, improve someone's
where people go to another country to learn how to prepare be a visit to a ptace wrrere a rirm :ff:XH::j'"
its food. was made, ground zero (nounJ - aplace where a io
of people have been killed
health care (noun) - ffe services that
look after people's health
safari (noun) - a journey, especially in

:-::i l.l1!trJlilF '..-. '" . .- ^.'

tsr !l S' ir
:
Africa, to see wild animals in their naiura
environment

: Look at senteuces 1--l and ans\\.er f '::;t;;, ;; ',:;, Look at this question. Oriv the tsunami (noun) - a very large wave tnai :
caused by an eadhquake under the sea
iLrestions a-c belol'. stressecl words are u.ritten. Listen ancl l.ritc
r /f r orr wet'e in J countrf lhrrrous tcrr irs tl-re rnissing lr'orcls.
food, would s'or learn hol. to crioh it? . .volr,,,- go au,r.here
: lf I wettt to .\lor,,!!!r. I would ursil t hc rvorlcl, rvhere ,., ..., - . go;
nrarket in tr{eclina.
,-i Listen zrgain irnd repe'rt the question. Language notet would yau
r \\re wouldn't aisit the disaster area l/ri-e
Then rvork in pairs ancl ask each other.
zrrerz ir'r Ne\. Orleans. is often pronounced /u,odiu;

13 \Atrrli in pairs ancl ask eech other the or /wudje/ in fast connected
, \\hat tense are the verbs in the
speech.
ur-rderlinecl parts of the sentenccs?
qucstions in the box. Pav attention to the
. \\''lrat form of the verb follows tuould in stressecl r,,'ords.

the other part of the sentencesi

- \re these rcal or unreal sinrations?
* If ]rou could rvork or stud1,- in another country u.ould y'ou clo iti
,: \\thich sentence in each pair is ibout an \'14rat country u'ould vou prefer?
.nreal situation? u If some foreign friends risited you for one day and r,r.".rntecl to scc s,.,

. a \{re'11 go if li.e har.e thc rloner.-. sights, rvhere would you take them?
t, \,\te'd go if u'e hacl the nlolrel-. u \,\tl-rat would ,vou do if your son or daugl-rter told vou thel u rrrtrti .

r a \\rould vou r.isit there if vou couid? travel on their own?

r, \\111 l-ou visit there if-r,'ou can? * If you $rent to England, rvould vou buy souvenirs? \{'hat lr r-r'.t,,.1 .

, I'd rrercrri:ita tlisasrerz,rrre. Who for?

' I'll rrcr cl r isit r tli:r:rcr z( )ne .
 ,i:

ii i$
;,.:*l:: .i,..:x

-G
)

@
?
ffi
Iffi
li:f

f&:

w
&;
ffi
'€
i€

t€
[]1ffiPrv! Br&
YY@' tsb ilv!* $ Look at sentences 1-8 in exercise I and n-ratch them to
the ftinctions a-h belou,.
\Vork in pairs. Rnl.play a short phone con\iersation for
\\hich phrase do 1'6u u5s ...
each situation.
a u.hen you ans\\rer the phonel
Situations b to say u'l-ro yori are?
1 A: phone B. You can't go to work today. Say why. c to say the purpose ofvour calli
a to politelv ask the other person to u'aiti
2 B: phone A. You have a problem in your kitchen. e to connect one caller tO another?
You want A to come and fix it. r to ask to speak to someone?
3 A: phone B. You would like to reserve a room in B's hotel g to ask if the other person wants to lear.e a mcssaqe?
for two nights. h to say you u'ill call asain later?
4 B: phone A. Tell A about a fantastic holiday you have just
* ?'
returned from. FP#*k*rlq#
\Vork in pairs anci choose one of the tasks belorv.

fufrxtmrxfirxg & Repeat the warm up activitlr usir-rg the neu, expressions
you have learnt.
'#:.:":*t,:4 Listen ro four short phone conversarions.
\\''l'rat is the man trying; to doi \{1hat happens at the end? * Prepare a phone conversatioil. Use the diagram belorv tcr
help i ou. Tlrerr prlctjse ) orrr con\ clsation.
f-mragr;mge $seus: teffephawe f; ngiis,9-.

$ Put the u-ords in the correct order to make useful

phrases.
\ rrlwri*lls*t&!,!t lww&\4w*t; t$ ttt:
,/
t about calling the English learning holidav I'm. v
z Mrs Knight can speak to I? \,a q s -,1n ,. f 47) Alt " -w^b;.::x^ ,wrwxt

: please a moment, just.

, .. r.; ^ ** ,."';..; i"^)"u,,'

+ call back I'11.

/ ^.....,
-i a message I can takei \
o Greenway hello, Holidays.
; Pablo Nonso is hello, this. *
8 \-ou put I'11 through. \.r{,' .r .f|ij
/ 4r.r:&'trrel&X'l*irl
2 ',"-,' ' '- '. I-isten and check volrr ans\\rers. Then listen and /
rcpL'i]t the phrases. \,
{ - r'I .,...-._
IL--1'lSa.-qYl
, .-.

i4;;&;i4"l,ii,i;,liitiij;tti,l;&
 Longuoge focus: odverbs of degree
I Put the adverbs of degree into three groups.
+ ++ +++

a bit extremely fairly slightly

2 Match the speakers 1-5 to the sumrnaries a-e. Then

listen again and check your answers.
Wurrn urp I Dar,'id, Georgia
:!1t
'tl1' 2 Elena, Russia -
I Look at the picnrres of rii
3 Valeria, Bolivia-
rl!i
clillerent horncs. \{brk in pair' fi: 4 Itatie, Northern- Ireland
I{
and describe the sirnilarities and 5 Bea, England -
nI
clifferences between drem.
a The homes in-rny country are quite varied. They have
2 Are any of the pictures similar different pretty colours.
to homes in vour country? Hornes in my country are very big; in the cities there are
blocks of flats, and in the country there are more houses.
In my country many voung people share a big house
Listenimg "
together; hornes are quite large.
:,5**'?4* Listen and cross out the topic the speaker a Flats in my country are extremely expensive, much more
=#.+
doesntt rnention. expensive than flats irr Great Britain.
I David, Georgfa " Terraced houses in rny city are fairly qpical. Thev ha"'e

"
blocks of flats b houses in the villages c house prices two roolns upstairs and two roonls dor;l'nstairs'
z Elena, Russia 3 \trhich sentences in exercise 2 are truc For vour countr\:
, big houses t house prices c rooms in a house
' l.i[:t tl']il oxford Speoking
u coroured houses " hornes in
+ Katie, Northern Ireland I Choose one of the topics belolr.. Make some notes usinq
a terraced houses t blocks of flats c varjed homes the questions to help you.
s Bea, England " Homes in your country and homes in Great Britain /
, house prices t living roorns c house mates USA. Different? Hov'?
. An extremely big house you have visited. \4',1rose?
\\4rere? \\hat's it like?
. A part of your city where the buildings are quite uqlr-.
Where? What do they look like?
n A part of your country u''here homes are fairh' cheap.
\A4rere? Hou. rnuch? \'\4ry?

2 \Arcirk in pairs and tell each other about vour topic.

I'm going to tell you about an extremely big house i ve '.'i-. :::
It's a friend's house, and it is outside the town. lt has -a' ,

bedrooms, and a very large living room ...

G lo ba I vo ices .-.'- ::
Recding
Read Aneta'.s description of her town and ansu'er
the questions.
r \44-rat are the town's main attractions?
z \\4rat does Aneta like and dislike about the town?
: \drould you like to visit the town? \\4-ly?

Writing skll[s: giving more inforrmmfion

Make your,,l'riting more interesting bv giving rnore
infbrmation about places.

Pnt the clauses withwhere in the best place in the email.

t ..., where people go skiing in the u,-inter
z . . ., where you can go for a day trip
3 . . ., where you can go fishing
+ ..., r'vhere vou can enjoy the natr-rral hot water all year
round

Fneporimg fo wrife
\drork in pairs and ask each other the questions. LIse the
useful phrases below to help vou.
r What's your to$m called?
z \44rat sort of town is it?
: \\4rere is it exactlv?
+ \4,hat is it like?
s \\4rat are the main attractions?
o \4hat can you do there?
z \tr4rat is the u,-orst thing about the town?
a \A,hat do you like best about the tow-ni
ffi:;:j$e+' ::.,1*. ;;,.,''
:. - :
:::: -:
?ii.*!"i4*:::,?<+.',i=:-..:ri:
:

l"onguoge $oears: fr and f&ere e lt's a small / medium-sized / large town / city / village.
! Arreta has forgotten to use i/ seven times and there c lt's historical / modern / touristy / a bit quiet / quite lively
seven times. Write the words in the correct places in her * lt's in the north / in the south-east/ in the centre of ...
description. s lt's on the coast / near the capital city.
* There are lots of shops / no historical buildings.
It will be great to see you again.
* There's a medieval castle / no shopping centre.
2 Complete the rules using ir or there. * There's a lot / not much / nothing to do (at night).
Use to talk about something for the first time.
---is an old Tou'n Hall. aren't many bars.
Wni*img
Use to talk about something vou have alreacl,v
mentionecl. \Vrite an email like Aneta's to describe your to\lrn to a

friend. Use,vour answers from above to help vou.

- is r-ery old. is near the mountains.

,'"" 1: r :: -
Gncrmmsn Lecnmimg wCIrd$ with prepe$;fions
Complete the sentences with tl-re correct words. ! Work in pairs. Can you remember which prepositions
r The Tou'er of Lonclon uo-r htLih / wa.r build / ltuih in 1078 were used in these sentences?
z Every vear, Dracula's Castle eisited / aisit / is Lisitedbv r Hi.I'm not home the moment.
thousands oftourists. z The castle is known -- Dracula's Castle.
r If you were in a country famous its food,
to take photographs too close to 10 Dor,vning Street. llould you learn how to cook it]
+ I'rn bored at / with / on my job so I'm going to leave. + You are going a three-day rrip.
.; If you don't / uon't / uonltLn't hurrv, yclu'll miss the bus.
o I lvould visit Brazil ilI haae / had / would haxe enotgh
When you Nearn new- words, it is a good idea to
learn thern with the prepnsition they are used with.
f-ito11e\r.
; You'll never pass the exam if yol clon't / uon't / didn| interested in at hame ga an a trip
stud\,'.
s You will / can, / coulcl see lions if vou went on safari. 2 Look up these adjectrves in your dictionary. Write the
preposition they are used with and an example sentence
!a
vocsbul$ry lrom the dictionary.
I Reacl the definitions and complete the li'orcls.
Similar to
Their situation is very similar to ours.
t an animal r'vith a verv long neck (t
tr-
z the biggest anirnal in the u,orld \'-_ t different
: an insect that makes hrinel. b__
+ a book that tells you about places to visit o z married
s something vou pack before ]/ou tra\rel s_
: related
2

Go
(l)
Cornplete the directions
Lrsing the correcl PreP0sirions.
(1) the road,
the bridge :rnd
wffi
+ keen

I & Use a dictionary to find out whether these words are

(i) the church. :t'. used with to, for or on.
- r go holiday
-
Spec&<!mg
I 2 go a. drive
I \drork in pairs and ask each 3 go - the cinema
other the questions. 4 go--
t.l
adnnk
. If you coulcl live anl.r,vhere in the world, u.here woulcl s go - salari
you live, and why? \Ahat u'ould vour house be like? 6 go ----- a prcnrc
. \A'here v'cluld yoli go if you could travei anwrhere in the 7 go-- acrulse
worldi \\hat rvould t ou do there? \\4rat could you see? 8 go-aconceft
2 \4rork in pairs. You are goingl on holida1, toeether.
o go lunch
t0 go tour
Discrrss rnd decide wherc r ou lre grirrg.
-
.\: you \\,-ant to go to a tropical be:rch. Ti-rink of some -a
reasons u-hy
B: you \\-ant to go to a city. Think of some reasons w-h1..
:.:::::::-.:'i:"';l:ri::,:i',4::r:::,::lri::! ::j:..:, .,' .
:::=:.*ti::-:i+.: :.i;,:U :j.li...: ..,aat a:: :.. :'..:. a::
.:.:-44ta:..t:..:l;:;::::i'1 ;,., :

e A: lf we go to Hawaii. we can ...

c B: Yes, but ... is boring. lf we go to ..., we can ...

*f *i:=i r'+vie;"; ;i 3:i-:i:y' ;t ;l:l

Psrt I

Spmlieg & Li;t+*ir:g

?*** e**tec?*Fl e+€st Speoking snd Listening 2 Replace the underlinecl words in exercise
1 rvith the words in the box. There may be
I \A,brk in pairs and ask each other the nore dran one possible ans\,'er.
V*e*!:uii r,v
qlrestions.
F***i*g Eli
r Hov-oflen do you get a cold? cough coughing fever
ir:'+.q {i3{: *?:+rl
r Harre you had a cold yet this year? head leg sick
**e . Do you e\rer take tirne off work or school stomach ache toothache wrong
sft
with a cold?
i-i:i*::in*
2 -lry to complete the information about 3 \Vork in pairs. A: turn to page 127.
{,arr*.s 6*v trgi* the cornmon cold with the numbers in the B: tlrrn to page 129.
ee*gltler*g* s*ld
box. There are t\\,-o numbers vou don't need.
tJtr-}Ff:{Jt Fronurnciafioar
24-48hours months 2-5
2 50
#asEe*l lr*rE+s e€
200+ 2-3 years $g.S Oittion 6-10 I % T.*t Listen to rhe groups of u-ords.
exdsiae
\\,hich word has a different ch or gh sound?

ln r*r*qberg ","
t cheap cl-ricken choose machine
& siqk rtegg*
z character catch technique headachc
,lti€ *r.t$.ifu$*f virusss the! *e*$* tfr*
3 tough enough ought cough
common c{]ld 2 \Vrite the u'ords from exercise 1 in the
th* *v*r*ge nunr**r *f *old* ** ***i9 g*t* corfect c.rlutnns.
: svergy*&r
r?h* avera6* **rnber #{ *eldg a *hilC u*r tft tkt hlt fl silent
b*bf Ss{s eveqr ysar
th* *verag* tlr*e y*u h*ve a *eiqi befar*
ya* f*ei the $yrn$t*r*s
th* aver6*e tirn* ir y**r life y** will *:av*
*.e*Fd
the eqrct .trf th* e*n'!r**n *cicf ifi *he ll$ ev*1y
year $r*r:l l*st tirne *t w*ik al"}d $*h*#li

3 % ?"*? Listen and check your ans\4rers.

3% t.*3 Listen ancl repeat the sentences.
Vocobulory Par,, s11.l',iun to the c/r and g/: sounds.

I Complete the sentences u'ith the correct
word.
t Wat's / Hou's the matter?
z Ifeel / haae tired.
r I've got /Jeel a headache.
+ I've {rot a btrtt / vttv throat.
s My back hutts / is htnts.
o I have a hlocked / blockittg nose.
t l'rn,/ /i'r' :rlwar s sneezing.
Language note: when you talk about
feeling ill you can use I have or l've got.
t I've had enough ofthis cough.
z I think I caught it from Charles.
: He'.s had a headache lbr ages.
4 % ?"t':.t Read and listen to the poem
belou. Horl rrrany dillerent pronunciltion'
of ough are there?
I take it you already know
:
:,O.fJo,ugh:and .bqugh':aid:coughrqr-rd. dough,,
: Otier$,may gtrumblF but.nef y6U;:::. : :,, ..... :',: :,
.:On:hiccoughthorough,:s.lolrgh :and,throughi :,
.,:AdrcadfrtljangFage?.jMan.alive,,,-,. :, .:,
t.,'
I'd mastered it when I was five.

5 Tlt, to read the poern aloud.

ie3lih
l:**^*;** * XIake ne\\,'sentences u'ith the u'ords in
brackets.
I Read the quote about the comtnon cold.
\\h.rr adr icc r,r uultl i ou gir e t{ ) \( )nleonc Can't sleep at night? Advice for
u-ith a colcl? insomniacs ..,
Drinking' coffee before bed is a very bad
il ":: !i';:': l : ::.-:i: idea. (mustn't)
.= !;:':+
1:r;!:::1;a:. t:., '.'.'t::: ; You mustn't drink coffee before bed.
:ia::.::.:1t ::::: i: t\- a:j,:a:: r Trl' taking a warm bath belbre bed.
l'\: :?, . ..::.a\: t!.ia:. ,a ai': ata (shoukl)

ii::.'a.:.. ::,::'; i,:.i- .':...:.lr

z Sleep on a good bed. (thorilA
r It'.s a good idea to see a doctor if the
1: :f problern continues. (ought to)
+ Sn'roking before you go to bed isn't a
good idea. (shouldn'r)
2 ''* ,r-.:l I-isten to the different people s 'Iiy to qet some exercise cluring the dav.
'rns\\rering the sarne questiolt. List the (should)
picnrres abtive in the order that,vou hear *--"
thern: eg b, ...

3 Choose one ofthe verbs in dre box.

e.ecA/q{sF}g!
again ancl rnakc notes on the aclvice
T.ister.r s
i-ou hear u.ith that verb. 3 Read the three situations and choose one.

breathe drink eat Situations

go stay take wash 1 You have been invited to a party tonight, but you don't feel well. Write a
note to your friend. Explain the situation and apologise.
4 Cornpare your notes u'ith a partr-rer. Then 2 You have a special exam tonight but you don't feel well. Write a note
check the auclioscript or-r page 157. to your professor. Explain the situation and ask if you can do the exam
another time.
Gr*mm*exs" 3 You don't feel well today and you can't go to work. Write a note to your
co-worker. Explain the situation and ask them to change shifts with you.
You should eat garlic.
Yotr sbotrldn't lo ntt1, g.v(1'.it..
\'ou, really ought to wash you' hantls
* \Vork in pairs and srvap ,vour sick notes.
\trtite a short reply and give the person
regrLlarlr.
some advice.
)/on must stay in bed.

. use should to give advice and make

suggestions
o \\.e can also use ottght to,but shctuld is * l'm sorry but I can't ...
more common * l'm sorry but I won't be able to . ".
. Tnust is similar to should but is stronger e l'm not feeling very well.
e l've got ...

T Use the pictures and your oll'n icleas to * lthink l've got ...
give advice to sorneone rvith a coid. e Sorry to hear that you're not feeling well.
* Don't worry, we / you can ...
I think you should ...
I don't think you should ... " Get better soon.
 '##
==
-:..'-,-----E-
aa: -- a '& na F
+.i*,:4 '8"*
1l ?; t;;3':..,
: ;it
H
$-.*+tF. fi t
:E
#AEi' #. :i
,..,
: -.. '+ --- =A i+
.rp,r-:{ \;;ui.fi ':p'15 zH= z

Fcr:r? ?

tr;.tt:.;lr: i tl
1!:;:rii.: +:i :l t::i:?t-i1t i::l
w{}c#brj[trry
E Cornplete the questions u,-ith the correct
fbrm of the verbs.
':itiar:.1 srr:s::

Have you ever...

iLl.aa.a,:i
an operation?
lj lit;1r-:ir:: r d-:l :t+.r r*:.!rt:
744.j!4);'.
in a hospital overnight?
a bone?
break have stay
{q;.:it'! .t ;a,,:);!:':'?. :t:,*-3 ?+
:ji;:i:t'i tt+.".r*:e
Do you ...
a check-up with your docior?
the dentist? How often?
any pills?
go for take visit & \rVork in pairs and practise reading the
text. Each person reads one line each. Pay
attention to tlle $-orcl stress.
Are you afraid of ...
injections? KesSrFrs
to hospital?
? The u-ords in the box are fiom a text
-___. iil?
caIIed Mile-rtones of modern medicine. Check
become go have
you understancl rvhat they mean.

? Choose one question frorn each box. anaesthesia antibiotics

Work in pairs and ask each other the disease DNA vaccines
questions.
* \Arl'rat clo you think the text is about?
Choose one ans\ver.
Fnmaxtsme iw?i*ra
X Put these u'orcls into
eroups with the " important discoveries in n'redicine
u the most serious diseases in medicine
same number of s14lab1es. Then rnark the
c a competition betu''een doctors
stressed s.vllable.
alcohol Arabic hospital * '% ?.-*3 Read and listen to the text on
page 105 and check your prediction.
medical operation originally
phannacy presen'ation translation €. Read the text again and complete the
m # ?.:.:l Listen and follor,vlrab ittfluettces sentences with the names of the milestones.
on merlicine to check vour answers. \4hat 1 helped identifi' many 61i5s25s5.
do you notice about the last s-v-llable of the z --,*,,..--, reduced deaths from dirty water.
u-ords? 3 -,,.*,-, *- reduced deaths by infection.
4 .--,-,-.-... helped doctors u'ith operations.
S + l";ii Listen and repeat the words
5 was invented to treat rabies.
from exercise 1. --
6 rvere discovered by acciclent.

$ The British Medicnl Jozrrnal asked doctors

- for the most jmportant milestone.
to vote
\Ahich do vou think won?
Gnsffixmsn

Docto't's cauld. treat infections properly.

Do(tlts didn't haue to wnsh their hands.
Pntients had to be awake duting operations.

. ase could and coulcln't to talk about

things that were or were not possible in
the past
use had to and di.dn't baae to to talk
about obligation or no obligation in
the past
the past Form ol must is bad to

I Cornplete the texts with

had to, didn't haae to or could.

The X-ray
Before 1900 if doctors wanted to
know what was inside a person's
body they open it. ln
1895 a German professor called
Wilhelm Rontgen was experimenting
with vacuum tubes. He discovered
that he see the bones
inside his hand. He won the Nobel
Prize for Physics in 1901 .

ffiisks of *r:ruck*mg
ln the past tobacco companies put
a warning on cigarettes. Doctors did not know that
smoking -- People began to
cause cancer.
realise that smoking kills after two impodant medical
studies in the 1950s.

Glsssary
2 Work in pairs. Look at the words in the bacteria (nounl - very small living things. Some types of bacteria
box and say what people could, couldn't or had cause diseases
lo do beFore these inventions. identify (verb) - to recognise something and to understand what it is
infection (noun) - a disease that is caused by bacteria or by a virus
ambulance anaesthesia labour (noun) - the process by which a baby is pushed from its
eye glasses microscope mother's body when it is being born
thermometer wheelchair rabies (noun) - a serious disease passed from animals to humans

- conditions and processes relating to ihe water

sanitation (roun)
supply and human waste
Fsrt 3

V*embes€*ny F{ecdrng
? Look at pictures a-i. \\trat sports clo thev ? I)o vou u.atch the C)lunpic Games?
go u'ith? Do von knou. n'hen the next Olvrnpic
Clames are? Do vou knou, rvhere they are?
* Lriok at the exxlnples and cornplete the Tbll a partner.
table r,r.ith the trames of sports fi'orn exercise
: . i'i- . :-.r I
1. * Quickh'read the texts about the
Oll'mpics on pirge 107. \'\'hat is the best u'ar-
to complete the titlel
aerobics
{i*!:t5?:a1i i : :it:: rl::
i
a \Vll1l1efS . losers
*..*.,*i
i
I
b dreams .l recrlrr'ls

S Read the texts again. \41-rat do you

.tg11 thir-rk happened next? \\rrjte a sentence in
W
v each gap. Tl.ren comp'.rre vour icleas u'ith a
...i;
* Read the clues. \d/hat sport is it? paftnef.

This is a team sport. You play this sport 4 Tirrn to page 130 to check\rollr ans\\rers
outside. There are eleven players in the
5 Do r ou hr,ru anv irrtercstirre sport
team. You have to pass the ball to other
stories?
players with your foot. You have to kick
the ball into the goal to get a point. You
mustn't touch the ball with your hands.

We win a game, competition, election

4 \trrork in pairs. Choose a sport from this or prize.
page and n'rite sorne clues for it. Use the She rvcn ihe gclC medal.
u.ords in the box to help you. We beat someone in a game, competition
or election.
dive goal hit hole individual i4e b*at the alher rur:rterc iti the evefit.
kick ride run throw wear Complete the sentences rvith the correct
',1'ord.
1 $ns ii'-x3y; ,-,*ris / !l rri ni4 et 1lin,s.
2 He beal I wcr his irrsl race rvhen h*'xas
tr'veive years *ld.
li kus:.r beat , \N?ti ;lre ISA io' ri'r: ';r'ir.j
nreda.l.
,1 i r_i: i , :h:rlr i t:-l;' )elt /'"vt:, i.ir: Hc.s i:c
gc*ri.
5 ,Yr r e,i, i;ctic.- i ,-;.r. r't; cthe te.rli
r.las irstter
risrmmffi:*s'

Rarnznn continued bnt the other swim'mers

had stopped.
He didn't wirz the ruce becattse the fficials
had belped hhn.

. use the past perfect to talk about an

event in the past that happened before
another event or before a specific tirne
in the past

i Complete the texts u.ith the correct

tt ords.

couldn't go had lost told

1992 Olynpics, Barcelona, Spain

.\f-er,r' r'ninutes befirre his hght, Iranian
boxer Ali Kazerni suddenlv tl-re
juclges that he ---,-*,
in the ring. He
.- his g'lovesl

had fallen had thrown lost

1 956 Olyrnpics, Melbourne, Australia

Soviet ror'i'er \iachcslav Ivanov onlv had
his gold nredal fbr a fclr'nrinutes before
hc ----- - ,,,- it. FIe r.r-as so happv he
-- --.- the rncclai into the air and it
into the la1ce.

\\rrite re:lsons lihy the.e thines rnight

'r
rn-c happenecl.'I'hen share vour icleas u'ith
, partner.
lhe athlete stopped rr-rnr-ring ancl startecl
ancl ask the fbllou.-up questiorl position in an organisation
-:r ing^.
','aybe she had lost the race. Maybe she had A: Do you play a sport?
B'. Yes, I do.
-
-,11 her leg. Maybe she had won.
A: Which sport? plays a spor1. Which sporl?
The football rnatch ll as cancellecl at the
B: Volleyball. watches a sport on television. Which sporl?
last minute.
is a fan of a team. What team?
- lhe nunrber one tcnnis pJat'er lost the
1]rst rn:rtch of the tournament.
has been to a football match. When?
, \n irnport:rnt basketbrll plaver could not hates sports. whv?
plav in a qalne. used to play a team spott. When? \4,/i.,: s::_:
doesn't do any spot1. Why nci?
 *.€'*"'€ *
,,- : 4'. '. - ,
''. -.- -
--
.: -:"..
:.
".a- * '*,i&:
jit t,=E! +:" a.: t" 3
""r#i,,-. -='4,, ,-:+. =+:iiP 1k4:

-.=-t'4'F.t:4i+ir:::::P,.F-nii;ii1r1:-::'-:):'.r:.1:1\a'ar;'ara'a-:t)at:.1:.;:ia:\:.',:r':2r-+:. c.' . i

Fclrt 4

!i: :,'iti: iar :arl l!it,?:f*i'

Spe*kimg
3 Look at the picnrres. \Ahat do vor-r think
is happeningi
.r i: i,.:1 -i -i i : i :.,
-

* \\rork in pairs. Choose one of the

picnrres ancl prepare a short dialogue to go
u'ith it.

* Present,vour dialogue to another pair.

Reeding cnd {-isienlng

it ii tt: : i :',: ":'. : t + ::: :'::..::r';
3 {F,*'j.+t'' Read and ljsten to the dialogte
betu''een a doctor ancl his patient. \,\hat is
the good neu''s and the bad neu's?

* Cover the dialogue and tr-y to remember.

\Vhat did the doctor say ...
r about recl meat? + abclut exercise?
z about salt? s about u.ork?
: about coffee?

S +'li,,ril Listen to Mr Cartwright talking

to his rvif-e about his doctorls appointment.
\{Ihat infbrmation is the same and u.hat is
different?

D-Doctor P=Patient D: l'm afraid so, Mr Cartwright. l'm

D: Ah yes. Mr Cartwright. Please sit afraid so.
down. How are you feeling? P: I see.

P: l'm fine, thanks. D: You can't eat any more red meat.
D: I have the results of your tests. It's really not good for your heart. P: ls that all?
P: Oh good! P: oh. D: No. You also need to do exercise. I

D: Hm. D: You also have to stop putting salt have a daily exercise plan for you
P: What's the matter? on your food. here.
D: Well, there's good news and bad P: Er. No meat, no salt. P: Every day?
news. Good news and bad news. D: That s right. The other thing is D: That's right, Mr. Cartwright. Daily
P: Give me the bad news flrst. coffee. Do you drink coffee? means every day.
D: The bad news is, well, you aren't P: Um, yes. Four or five cups a day P: What's the good news, doctor?
very fit. And you need to change actually. D: The good news is that you are
your eating habits. D: Yes, well, only one cup of coffee healthy enough to go back
P: Do you mean a diet? a day from now on. One cup of to work. You can start again
coffee. And no sugar in the coffee, tomorrow!
either. P: Oh.
Grmmxa'sxmr Voewhulcry
t Complete the story rvith.r'a1, tell or nsk.
'You are heahhy.' She saidl was heahhy.
'You can ellt sltne red meat.' She said I coald
cnt .tome red m.eat.

o use reported speech to say what

another person said
. in reported speech, the verb often goes
one tense back
present simple + past simple
present contrnuous > past conttnuous
present perfect + perfect past
past sirnple + perfect past
other words such as pronouns can also
change in reported speech

I Change the sentences to direct

speech. Then check vour ansu.ers in the
conversation on page 108. z, #p, i,? E Listen and check your arrs\\'ers.
The doctor told rne she had d1e test results.
'T /:na-'e "s
Cornplete the rules with sa1,, tell or ask.
the test resuh.t.'
r I snicl I u.as 1ine. a ah'i'avs takes an object such as
: She said that I wasn't 1's;y- fit. nrc, ltim, bet', the people.
; She tolcl me that I couldn't eat any rnore b never t:rkes an object.
red rneat. c ., ,.,, can take an object, but doesn't
+ She tolcl me that I also needed to clcr have to.
some exercise.
Spemleimg
2 Change these sentences to reported
speech. Then decide u-l'ro said each one: the i Choose four of these questions. Then
cloctor or the petient. u-ork in pairs and discuss the questions.
'I'r.e felt ven' ill for thc last five d'.r1'5.' u Do rrou do anv exercise?
The patient said he'd felt very ill for the last five " Do you pref-er to exercise alone or u'ith
lriends?
days.
* Did you do a sport rvhen you u'ere
r 'Y<ru clon't have a fever.' younger? \Ahich one?
2 'Itve orclered some more tests.) * W}rat are the best u.avs to keep fit?
i 'I'm not f-eeling very well at the moment.' * Do,vou have a family doctor? \\'hat's
+ '(ioing to u-ork isn't'.r goocl idea.' their namei Florv long have vou been a
.; 'I can give ,vou a sick note.' patient?
r 'T have a bad l-readache.' * \\''l'rat food do you think is the
j:"n:*
". -'
.'e=E: i:lf;i:"11',n!*1 ,li:{=5 healthiest?
. Do children in your country get
enough exercisel

2 \'Vork with a nev'partner. Report two

drings vou learnt from vour first partner.
IJse snid cx told plus reported speech.
Wwrm r*p
Read the label. Find u'ords or phrases rv'ith these meanings.
1 takes away pain for a short period of time (4 words)
2 a wolnan who is going to have a baby (1 word) ffi
3 ask (1 word)
+ don't let chilclren touch this (6 words)
5 might make you feel tired or sleepv (3 words)

How to read a
drug label r I, ,t*triT
1t
Active ingredient \t- dl lrlr,f$ti€:l J
Acetaminophen 5009

Uses
Temporarily relieves minor pains due to
. headache . backache
o the common cold . toothache
Warnings
Do not use with alcohol. lf you are
pregnant, consult a doctor before use
Lcnga*mg* $meaxs: fc{&<irag mbsut if$mess
Keep out of reach of children. May
cause drowsiness. Listen to the conversation again and cornplete the phrases
with one or more words.
Directions
Adults and children 12 years and older.
t I fbr a sore throat.
Take two tablets every four to six hours
z We this svrup or these tablets.
as needed. Do not take more than
3 -- better?
B
+ --**-
How rnanv
tablets in 24 hours.
s Hou- often
6 before mealtimes.
--?
7 -_'..-.,.'-**- allergic
---l to any
8 I'm afraid a prescription for that.
s You ---- a doctor if
-
F l. -?
Lis$ening $pe0Krns
--.
\drork in pairs and choose one of the tasks belou,.
ffi t.:g Listen to a conversation in a pharmacy. What is
the rnanls problem? \\4rat does he buy? .dL Look at the audioscript on page 157 and practise the
conversation. Then create a sirnilar conversation u,'ith
. -:,n5* di fl'erent information.
t"'r;.i:!€{
F: ,,1'::.;{
,. ' .;:ll::!l:.;:

!
6:r,..:i;$l.Fiir' :
t:a-:a:-'. iai.:1:i;
-.. ..s-r:iii
s Roleplayvisit to the pharmacy. Use the neu'
a

t
l: i .",:::.1;li.-l
:.tr':ti:::i:i.i: expressions you have learnt.
t ." :'. 'ritt

A; you are visiting another country. You don't feel well.

.,.., .: :i i:iiilg Think of your symptoms.
i::- ;i :.i:;l+
B: you work in a pharmacy. Listen to A and suggest
something for the problem.
cough syrup tablets antibiotics
 Sports English
by David Crystal

Sports commentary is very familiar these days but it only arrived with the start of radio and television
broadcasting. The term sports announcer was first used in 1923, soon followed by sporting
cammentatar in the UK and sporfscasfer in the US. The modern
British term, spot'ts commentator, dates from the 1930s.
above-average (adjective) - good, better than normal
Sports commentating sounds easy, but it's difficult to do well, discipline (noun\ - a subjecl or sport
especially on radio, where a long silence can mean disaster. Detailed
formulaic expression lpoun) - an expression that has been used
knowledge of the sport, keen observational skills, the ability to think lots of times before
on your feet, and above-average linguistic skills are essential. To keen (adjective) * very strong
make the job easier, commentators can use 'tricks of the trade' such
linguistic blend (noun) - a mixture of two or more words
10 as formulaic expressions. ln horse racing there are cerlain things
neologism (noun) - a new word or expression, or an existing woro
commentators always say at particular moments such as They're off!, with a new meaning
in the lead, and into the straight they come. This means there is less sports commentator (noun) - a person whose job is to g ve a
for them to remember and it helps with fluency. description of a sporting event on television or radio as it happens

Each sport has its own style, reflecting the atmosphere and
15 momentum, from the wild excitement of football (lt's a GO-O-O-AL) to the
quiet tones of snooker. There's distinctive grammar and vocabulary too.
Commentaries are the perfect place to find the English present tense, both
simple and continuous (he's looking for a chance... he scores ...), and
incomplete sentences (Beckham to Kaka ... back to Beckham ...).
But if you're looking for new vocabulary, you'll find more in the keep-fit
disciplines, such as yoga (with its hundreds of words taken from Sanskrit),
Pilates (with its unusual pronunciation taken from the name of its founder,
Joseph Pilates, 'puh-lah-teez'), and the combination of yoga and Pilates
yogalates. And that's just the tip of the iceberg of new linguistic blends. lf
you're into exertainment (exercise + entertainment) you'll know about the
many kinds ol exergaming (exercise + gaming). The neologisms keep your
tongue linguistically fit too.

'iff*c"rar *p E"*mga*mg* $*cxxs

Read tlre definition of -rports c0t11ntenrlil)t'. Are there anv 3 Look at the erpressions ir-r bold in the text. Arsu'er tl're
rvell-lc-roll'n sports commelltlt()1's in t-our countn'? l\h:rt questirins be1ou,,
are thel'f'.rmous for? r If you tlsink ottyr.ttu'Jcet,vctrt...
a rfe 0 r-ery quick runner.
id J1tr9 f*€ I q* F:
*f
t have good idcas ancl make decisions quickll'.

E text Spot'r.r Eng/is,&. Tick (rz) the topics that

Reacl the are
c get llervous in a dilficult situation.

nrentioned. There are t\\ro topics t'ou do not neccl.

z If u.e sev solnethirtg ts the tip oJ'the icelterg, it rneans ...

different words lbr sport

" there is a lot more of it that vou can't see.
" b there is onlv a little bit of it.
b sports co111111ent:1r1' . it is a verl- clangcrous thing.
c sffle of spcakinu
.l winners ancl losers * Put each of the cxpressions into an exarnple of r oltt'
English s-rAlnnr'.lr Tell e p:rrtner.
"
f new vocabularv

3 Sp*mkir"tg
Read the text aglain ancl fincl exalnples of ...
a something r,'ou neecl to be a good sports colnlnelttator. \{'ork in prirs and ask each other the questions.
t, a 'ftrmrulaic expression' that hclps colnlrelttators sound . Do you cnjol'listening to colnlnentators:
rnore fluent. . \\''l-iat sports clo vou like to r,vatch?
c an exanrple of an iucciurplete sentellce usecl itr sports. . Do vou do anv eterulnin.g?
a a'keep-fit'sport.
c a neologisnl.
[f {rfr f,{ ri ,.t
rakuu ! rvr.r Wri*ing slcills: givimg exsrmples
? Read the question from an online forum. Then read
Darinat response and tick (r') the suggestions she makes. We use/r exatnple,for instaTtce or like to give examples.

! Find three places in Darina's ans\\rer u'here she could us.

take exercise at home go for a walk
go on a diet have an exercise plan
join a gym spend a long time exercising
take up a new hobby/sport walk or cycle to work
oo@
one of these phrases. Where would you put a cornma?
2 Complete the sentences with the correct phrase.
r Tr,v not to use your car so much. You could walk or cr-cl.
to the supermarket,
z Why not take up a sport tennis or swimminet
: Consider getting up an hour early to take exercise.
vou could-.go jogging, or go for a swim.

-{#w ffi-tum.d*w
d#% Lcnguege $oeus: giving cdviee
1 -,
Look at Darina's response again and underline the
Health & Fitness Expert phrases she uses to give advice.

* Correct the sentences belov...

r \A4rir you don't see a doctor?
z Consider to go fbr a long walk.
I You could starting a sport.
+ Just try be positive.
s You should to watch less T\1

Frepcring fo write
? Work in pairs and choose one of the problerns belou.
Think of some solutions.

2 \trrork u'ith another pair u'ho chose the same problem.

Did thev think of the same solutions as you?
" I feel tired ali the tine.
* I'm having problems getting to sleep at night.
* l,{y seven-year-old son loves fast food and unhealthy
snacks. F{ow can I get him to have a more healthy dieti

e lnstead of ..., you could ...

e Don't ...; ... instead!
o Alternatively, you could .".
e Most importantly, you should ...
2 Do yor-r do any of the things that Darina suggestsl
\\hich do 1,6rr think is the best suggestionl
 :

Grmrwmma. Using your dictioncry: explpr;ng

? Put had to, didn't hnae to, cou,ld or couldtt'r ir-r the gaps. esl$sss8i*r"ss
t I broke my leg so I stav in hospital fbr six
u'eeks, and I u.alk lbr two months. Coli*cati*ns ai'e wcrcis which are often us*ri
z I '---^'- ---',.-*.,,.
have an X-rav because I hadn't broken anr.
*nnall-rar

^^ r^L ! d
u6tu! -, Lvru
^51i * sore thrnat
bcines. -
{n*t Mrc a eoidi inot a M thr*at)
2 Cornplete the sentences with the past simple or past
perfect forrn ofthe verbs in brackets.
X Look at these entries in the Macm,illan Essential
r Befbre the u'orld (develop) modern rnedicine, Dictionary.Notice how the dictionary gives information
the Arabs --,, ,- (fbund) many hospitals. about collocations.
z I (f-cet) sick because I (eat) too
much chocolate. health (noun)
3 Cornplete the sentences to report the conr-ersation. 1 the condition ofyour bodv, especiall1, whether or not

t A:- You're u.orking too hard and vou

- don't take enough )/ou are lll Hi.r health improaed once he stolfe d uar&ing. Shes
had serious health problems. Lola i.r 85 and still in ury good
exercise.
health. My father has been in poor health for some time.
The doctor told rne I
B: I'l1gil'e up my job and take up jog'ging.
I saicl I Adverbs often used -uith i//
critically, dangerously, desperately, gravely, seriously,
V*e mbw**ny severely + i11: used for saying that someone is very i1l

Cornplete the sentences with the correct v,-orcl.

2 Work in pairs. Try to guess which verb is not used
beat feel have have hurts with each noun below. Then check in a dictionary.
matter see sore take won 1 a get u do c mtke a take ... exercise
t You look ill - whatt tl-re ,,,,--? z a keep I build c get a be ... fit
: I --------- sick. i a call b see c order a send for ... a doctor
: I've got a throat.
4 a cause u feel c make a relieve ... pain
+ You should a doctor. S Complete the sentences with the correct option.
i I hrvc to -- an opcration. Then check vour answers in a dictionarv.
o I-af'ever. r I have a strotzg,/ heaay cold today.
r My back -'---'. z He was strongly / uiolcntly sick last night.
g Yotr shoLrld - rrl o aspirin. r I had a heaay / splitting headache yesterday.
q He me at table tennis. + She is a heary / strong smoker.
ro N,Trnchester United . ., the football rnatch.
4 Use your dictionary to answer the questions.
-
Spem$e[ng w*'ad Wx'lfirng r You can catch a cold.Whatelse can you catch?
I \\rrrrk in pairs. Tell each other about a race, match or You can have a heabfu tliet.What other adjectives go
sporting event you have seen. Then u'ork in a nerv pair and with diet?
report u'-hat vour partner told you. You can have a sare thrnat. What else can be.iorei

? \A,rork in groups of fbur. \Lrrite dourr a real or invented jlom an illness.What else can you
You can recorLer
problem. Then swap your papers and u'rite advice using
recooer frorn?
shottld, shouldtt't, tnust or tutstn't. \ilho gJave you the best
rdvice? Renrember t* recar*l *ollocati*ns, nci jiist rrucrcjs,
!n y*ur vccabulary note{:oE:k.
 Dnr+ 1

fi+rrrJli:ir 1 i-i::+-:: -ir:r

R l. I . . .
E,rr::r.'+ S+:'.g'#+:r* g Kefrdlng onc Ltsrenlng Voecbt.lSmry
? Look at the book cover and read the 3 Work in pairs. I-ooli at tl-re pictures belori
, :;::i:'t:' :.:
introduction to Braae lr{ew Words on page and read tl-re captions. ft' 16 guess the
l.i*=; =*:r*ri* i* meanings of the words in bold.
1 I 5. \A4rat do you think the book is about?
{ttti'i!&':+i
t;Fi!:irj.=..r,)::
P" & ?.i;.: Listen to an interview \ ,'ith the ; l.ti:;,:. : :a :.,....:' .

author of the book. Nurnber the topics in y,;;? ::t ::r.:: a: :..'.:4,.

'* ti i'.al.+ * -r
t1t 4a t r * the order you hear them.
q"1t:stls": s s Maybe it means ... * lt could be a kind of ...
rbbrevia tions
borror,r irrg ra ords * Match the words in exercise 1 to the
freiTtaitir:*p .*+r+*
combining parts of words definitions below. There are t\,vo c1efir-ritions
comhining words - vou clon't need.
giving ne\\r lneanings to \l,'ords a kind of car tl-rat procluces carbon -.,-,
S Listen again and match the example the amount ofgreenhouse gases that an
words to the categories in exercise 2. activity produces
a
--
Japanese love story u'hich is u-ritten fbr
brunch DVD mouse women _
text messages tsunami to search for something on the internet using
virus windows the search engine Google '--
a number game fromJapan u'hich is now
popular in English newspapers ,-*.
4 Can you think of any new words in your
language? What are they? \A4rat do thel' 3 \4/ork in pairs ancl ask eacl-r other the
mean? questions.
* Do you ever google infbrmation on the ri'ebl
* Have vou ever googled vour o\\-n natnei
* Have you e\rer done a sucloku pvzzle?
* \44rat are sorne u'ays ofreducing vour
carbon footpr:int?

_,.*:_:ir:.H:
3::trtrJral:

John tried to google information His carbon footprint is bigger than yours.
about Kenya for his next holiday. was trying to finish her sudoku.
Grornmor
Kercy Maxzuell is soweone rlbo has wl'itten
books about new words in Englisb.
Tlunami is a Japanese worul which has becorne
used aeryfrequentlj, in Englkh.
Brancb is a meal tbat people can have at 11
o'clock in the w,otning.

. use relative clauses to give information

about sometling or sometrody
. if we are talking atrout a person, w.e use
zt:ho or that
. if we are talking about an object, we
use uhirh or that

I Complete the definitions with who or

uhich.
r An emoticon is ...
a a sylbol is used in email
messages to show emotion.
b emotion
a strong people have
about computers.
c a person doesn't show their
:
emotions. i:j:!:::,lii::!:tti
5.:,;iF.11::.J:,!li

z An internaut is ...
a 2 p€rson works for a short time g. :ii:ti#
,'.',
E :,.,
in an office. Fri:,i.',in;l'i
i*j,:,_.:r,e
b a game people play on the
internet.
c ? p€rson spends a lot of time
on the internet.
t Hinglish is ...
a a persoD comes from the
Writing
country Hingland. Work in pairs and choose one of the boxes.
t' a language is a mixture of You are going to write definitions for some
English and Hindi. new words.
. - India
clothing from you wear
on your head.

2 Work in pairs. What is the correct

definition of each word?
,&
fffi {o<us - €).i, .t:1' r::; " F *. e
w Grammrr
,Ce ct dei'',ne ,.i.,.re. ,\n puSe 51
l,.ri
r
M#
ffiruffiw
Purt 2

:::r.:il,: ii: r:r

Vocobulory 3 Read the text again :rnd cornplete the
9!*rer sentences r'vith the sar.ne place nanres.
I Put the words in order from srnall to 1 is r.rot part of the US.
i:...1tjjr.+
large. Use your dictionary to help you.
#*q; piqe*:* ir: * **v,"
z is very big and dry
:,+'*eld capital city continent country 3 u'as nearly destroyed.
.+ has rnany people u'ho travel
ptanet state / province town village -
il:r*r'rr someu'here
- else for r.vork or school.
*ef !r:lgs.: ;*rti*H+ i fi:*i planet 5- was a Dutch colonlr
6- u'as r,isitecl byViking's.
i;::tr:: i r:..
r

4 Finrl u.ords in the text w-ith these

4:si*:**1 q**!tB$ -
meanings.
r -ir place where something is born
2 to strrt l ciq or orgrnisation
2 Circle the ll'ord that does not belong in 3 verv special or unusual
each group ofwords. + to travel regularly to ar.rd from rvork
t Africa Asia Armenia 5 Do you knou.ar-ry other place nalnes that
z Dallas Italy Frankfurt begin with the u.ord,\'ctr? \A/hat are thel.?
: Mars Jupiter Singapore
+ California Canada \Vashington
:'.': * -
s Tokyo Liverpool Paris ;-. ,
."
3 Choose a word frotn exercise 1 ancl write A,lew is a very general
word. We sometimes
dou'n some examples. Then include a word use words with more specific meanings that
that does not belong. \Arork in pairs and tell sound more natural in a particular context.
each other your \\'ords. Say the odd one out. equipment, advanced, cutting-
compuiers edge, ffildern

Reoding ideas innovative, fresh

films, books latest, recent
I Work in pairs. Hou' many places in
something just brand new
North Anrerica can you write dor\''n in one bought and never
minute? Cornpare your list with another usecj
p:rir. Replace the r.r'ord neu in tlte dialogues u'ith a
more suitable word or phrase.
2 Read lr{ew places in a neu uorltl on page 1 A: ls that your car?
117 and write the names in the correct B: Yes, it's new. I bought it yesterday.
places. 2 A: Did you speak to Jeffrey about the
project?
New Jersey New Mexico New Orleans B: Yes, I did. lt was very helpful. He has a
lot of new ideas.
Newfoundland New World New York
3 A: What did you see?
B: The new Tarantino film. lt was OK.

l* *l*
 ffimwr p$mmsm nm.ru ,:i rn$uBf suorld
.15th
ln the century Pietro Martyr d'Anghiera, an ltalian historian, was the first person to give the
continent of America the name De Orbo Novo, which means the . The prefix New
for cities and regions of Norlh America has since become very popular. Here we collect a few new
places to live.

Grommor
I Look at the highlighted
r'\rilnplcs ,tf thc irt rltc tert
iurd nrrlclr thcrn to tlrc
rules a-d beloui
\\re use t/:e when ...
. there is clnlv one of this
person or: thing.
u this persorl or thing has been
ref'errecl to befcrre, in tl-re text.
. it is plrt of a name.
a it is in a superlative phrese.
Nicknamed the Big Apple, is located in the American state of the same name. lt s
probably the most famous city in North America. Founded on Manhattan lsland in the 17th century by
the Dutch, it was originally --
called New Amsterdam.
is a province in Canada. The province is in the east of the country, and the newest one
to join Canada- it ioined in 1949. Because of its position it was one of the first parls of North America
that European voyagers discovered. The Vikings arrived here in AD '1 000.
One of the largesi states in the United States of America, is in the south-west of
the country. li is a very dry state. and is covered in mountains and desert. The state was one of
the original Wild West states, and the population is unique for its Spanish, American and Native
American mix.
Capital of the state of Louisiana in the south, is famous for its multicultural
history and nightlife. lt is the birthplace of iazz. The city went through a dark period in its
history in 2005 when it was almost destroyed by Hurricane Katrina.
Locatedinthenor1h-eaSt,-isoneoftheoriginal13statesoftheUSA'
Because it's so close to New York, people sometimes call it the bedroom staie as
hundreds of thousands of its people commute to and from the city for work or
school every day.

1r "it ,, 'lj _.
\: -,:-/ \'
!/.') a-!
t:i,-': i ,.1 !,.
l.)-'!:
'-.1 " |a Newfoundland
ttt't^
',j
; -rl
'rt
,1

. '-/7"'-.,-
\rts ,"

ieNew York
IJSA .--.
&,)
*ir NL*
$ Jersey
I
jt
1... I
1

: -./ ,i1
,'--'l.rffioi#".'
Speoking .=. MEXICO 'r-J /'
-.-.: -----.
I \Vork in pairs. Read tl-re incomplete
rlLrotes about A.rncrica '.rnd try to fir-rish i ti:ink There
them r'i.ith vour owlr ideas. Then u,ork u-ith Am*i'icn is nct a black
the nroet ur:-
inother pair ancl share 1'our ideas. Am*ri*an thing
is a... America anci a \', i r:
ys* can say America anc ia: ^:
2 \\Ihich are the best quotes? Are thev America anc -s :.-
positive, negative or neutral about A.merica? All great
America -:-a-a s
ehange in frngland
3 Re:rd the original qLrotes and llncl out America begins and Am*rica
u-ho saicl them on page 130. at th* ... are tw* *cuntries
$eparated by
4...
t--+i€** f: itii t: t * aa !: {..

Vmembar€sry smd Specking Pnonuncisfion

E ;: :.?t i +r ;,:, r +-r ut't+
? \dhat different fonns cif transport can I # i1,f4 Listen and repeat the consonant
i.,....1.:,.-,-
vou see in the pictures? clusters and u-ords.
/pl/, plane
i1r i:i;l';{+ tit i 1}:,tE }ttrittia'a.. ? \\/hich of these fbnns of transport ...
/trl, tracks
r have wheels? /st,/, stop
2 go on tracks? /str/, street
: have wings?
+ have an engine? 2 % ?.i5 Listen and repeat the sentences.
{$ Tick (r') the correct collocations to
r The driver tried to drive the train off the
trr r:ks.
complete the chart.
z There are still school students at the br-rs
stop.
: The station is straig'ht dou'n this street.
+ Piease don't play with the plastic planes.

Reoding
I You are going to read an article about an
old car called the Ttabant. !\'rhich of these
words do yoll expect to see?

cheap communist fans fly

& \Arork in pairs and ask each other the Germany jokes nostalgic
questions.
pollution smoke speed
o Which of the fbmrs of transport harre
you used?
* \\hich do you prefer? 2% ?"i* Read ancl listen to Otd but loaed.
* the T)'abant on pa€ie 119 and check your
Are there any forms clf transport that you
answers.
never trse?
Read the text again arrcl find ...
1 three reasons why the tabant isn't a ven
good car.
three reasons that shou'the'lrabant is
still popular.
4 \\rork in pairs and discuss the questions.
6 Have you ever seen a Tiabant?
, Are there any objects that make yc'ru
nostalgic fbr the past? \4hich ones?
 ?

3#a
-=.;*lE:=-
I ,:i

q#r#ffis?3ffir
3 l,ook through dle tcxt ar.rd trv to firtd
exarnples of the verb forms below.
* regular and irreqular past tense verlls
u :r continuous tense * the present perf-ect
* going /o future u a llrst c<,inclitional
+ past simple passive
3 Cornpletc the tert belou. rvith tl-re
eun'e('t lot'nt oi tltc' r crhs.

The Model T
The American Ford automobile company Gios*ary
(exlst) since 1903, and is one of the exhaust (noun) - gases or steam that
biggest car manufacturers in the world. are produced by an engine as it works
One of its first cars -- (be) the Model model (noun) - a type of vehicle that a
T. lt *--* *" (build) by the Ford Motor company makes
Company from 1908 1o 1927. The president of nostalgic \adjective) - renemberi rq
the company, Henry Ford, (want) a happy times in the past
car that was practical and not expensive for the
American worker. The Model T . (cost)
around $300 and igo) up io 70km an S Complete the questions u'ith the correct forrl of dre verbs.
hour. lt was one of the first cars to be produced
on an assembly line. By 1930 Ford -,-.*,*------ r \\'hen - (/o) vou get vour dril-ing licence?
(produce) more than 10 million Model T cars, z ....-.-,,.-- (/o) ,vou have a car? \Vhat kind?
making it the most popular car in the world. r \\l-rat (De) your first car?

As newer cars came out in the 20s and 30s.
people,.-- - -".-". (sfarf) making jokes about the
Model T. But today there . -. (be) still fan
clubs of the Model T, and people still --.*-*.---..----
ldrive) them at old car shows.
+ \\4rat is the fastest "voll .,----.... ,...,..,,- (exer tmael) ln a car?
s \A/hat is tlre fr-rrthest you ,.-'_ , ,-- (eaer tra;"eD in a car?
6 .--..-,__-. (harc) yort e\rer ,-------.. ,, (.haae) an accident?
(con hae ei) an]'kind of c:rr, what ^^-- ,*-
z If vou ()'att
choose)?
8 ,,.,,.-----. (be) the traffic bad wl-rere you iive?
e ,,,.---- (be) lt difficult to {ind parking where vou lir-ei
ro \tr'ho --- (&e) the best clriver in your farnilyi

tit',ttt,-,t,,,t'ii '!=;:lia'. " .' .,:;:-::.:::" l!'' ::' -:l r:- :a-, :" :.'.'
l.g-_-j,.,.$ '
e **
&p##K8ffiffi
Choose six of the questions front exercise 3 abor-e. \\brk in pairs
arrd lsl cach otlrcr the qtrestions.
 {:C€{€
D-.+
'l

: i3 a:: {l{,x::i11{ r3r}l+ l* 5:*ir.+: L!Srenrftg

? Look at the pictures of tu,o classic board
games. Do you know- these garnes? Have
*er'i:.. r*iii1i:r vou ever playecl them? Tell a partner.

?:: :: i::.r i:: r .: 2 # t.li Listen to a talk about the

#us-q*g invention of these games. Hov' many things
do they have in commonl
::r r,.r,.r:i:-'ii:',r;

**r*!+::q+ +it'+3+ + 3 Listen again. \Vhat do these words and

it-.? +:zcitri:;:; numbers mean?

.--:li.:; i.r , :: iri GreatDepression architect

& Ezr:*,.:* ***r- by hand two or more 750 million +
200 million 80+ 25+

+effi1i=-i' .il',+.'
ia;+.j: + ::
. :.': a

Flf.,ii€.,i+:;;j,l;..,.,, &rmm'em'asr
*l*}li:r,i:'. :':' -: : . .
ff-il:ii.itii,:ii.:i ::i,': .i
:ria:i:!j:*:i:r.ii !:i::-:1:1 :: : :

Make is a very general word. We sometimes Both garnes are succes{ul today.
use words with more specific meanings that It{either game was succes{ul at first.
sound more natural in a particular context.
Both of tbem at e succes{ul wot'lfuride.
ih;ngs macie in out;C. mantfaciltre.
factnrreg Drodur:e . use both to talk about two things. Both
bulldings build is used with a plural noun and a plural
problerns, changes, cause" prcduce,
verb
effects
new thinus
-gerisraf€
d*sEn, develop,
. use neitber to say something negatil'e
invent, create about two things. Neither is used with a

Replace the rvord rnake in the sentences with singrrlar noun and verb
a ffrore suitable u-ord. More than one ansrvver . use both of / neither of trith a piural
rnay be possible. noun or pfonoun
1 The irafflc in the afternaon makes lots cf
proi:lems"
! They ale rnaking a nerr bank in ihe centre
! Wrork in pairs. X{:rke sentences about
of town" Scrabble and l'Ionopolv usinli these prompts
3 These cllrs are maCe in a Kcrean fact*ry. plus both or neither'.
zl Aifreci Butts rnade the game cf Scrabbie. I galnes are American
5 We ve n:ade t ne\rv aotcpuler croEritm
z inventors didn't have a job
I games are plaved on a board
;1 q'ames \\,.ere not acceptecl by toy
companies at lirst
s games are published in over 2 5 languag'es

* \Vork in pairs. FIow manv sentences can

vou nake u'ith these ideas in three minutesi
Eoth of us ...
irieither 0f us . ".

* r s=r::trgz+s t ! t+t: z: ** i:.. a-i i t ; i t t-.: i ;,: :.. .:,.,- ::: a a:

i;:..:::-':)a t. i.tr l_ji.ria: ,:r ati::11'::::: r.t\. i--li::rjrt : ..r..,1

Vocubule ry Fromume iotiom
I Complete dre texts rvith the words jn the ! Put the u.ords in the correct order to
box. rnake useful game phrases.
r the ro11 dice
board dice miss a turn 2 turn it'.s your
money points square turn : a card pick
'+ turn rniss a
Scrabble s again go
o highest goes rolls first u.hoever
Scrabble is played with letters. Different letters 7 your is which piece
are worth different
s cheating ncl
Each player has seven letters per
You put the letters on the and
* # l"l"i* Listen and check your ans\\.ers.
make words. Then listen and repeat the phrases. Try to
copy the intorration.
The object is to get as many points as
possible. lf you can't make a word with your
- F l.
letters, you )peoKrng
\drork in groups cif three or four. You are
Monopoly going to play a board game. Turn to page
131 ancl read the rules. Then play the game
ln Monopoly, players roll a and
move their counter around the board.
Each on the board represents
a property. lf you land on someone else's
-
property, you have to pay them. The object is
to collect propedy and make
-
2 Look at the picnrres of other ciassic
board games. Match each sentence to one of
the games.
r the end of the
Ti-re object is to reach
board {irst.
z You move around the board and answer
questions.
l There are sixty-four black ancl white
squares on the board.
+ The objective is to win different coloured
pieces when you answer correctly.
s There are snakes and ladders on the
board. You go down snakes and up
ladders.
The object is to capture your opponent's
kirg.
3 Work in pairs and discuss these questions.
a Have you ever played any of these
games? Do you like theml
\Vhat other board games do you know?
Wmrrm a.lp L*ergax*ge $*e*xs: *fr#;{?# # s*rFv*r*mt's**
\\rork in peirs ancl choose tu'o of tl.re situations Lrelor,r'. ? Pnt thc r.r.orcls in thc coi-lcct orclcr to rrrrtke usclul
Ilave a one-rninute coilrersation fbr each sitruttion. phrases.
t e'oinq'be I'd better : of{to rush sorrr'
Situations 2 r1o\ri reallr'J qo to h'lve + I be q'oir-rs- shrulcl
1 You are strangers. lt's very hot outside. A: start talking -ll'rcn
to B about ihe weather.
* ,"...r:: ':' l, : Listen lnci checL \rlur iuls\vcrs. listcn ru'rrl
repeat the phr:ases.
2 You are friends. A; you are learning to drive.
Tell B about it. * '1-,.., .r ,' . Listen tri the encl of-fir'c conversrti()]rs. \\thich
3 You work together. A: you are going somewhere special v.orcls clo t-ou l'rerrr? C)onrplete thc u'oru1s r'r-itl'r thc corrcct
on holiday. Tell B about it. lctter:s.

4 A: you are the boss. The company is closing. Tell B the I 11__-__)- :+ \\' I

bad news.
)1-1 5ert
:o
**
LEsferx&erg tup##K$81#
3 j+ :1"iit*:i"],ii Listen to t\\'o con\ersrtic)ns. .\Tatch elch \\'irrk in pairs rrrrcl choose one of the t:rsks bciou.
olre to a situation abor-e.
A Repe at the rirrrnr up activitr using the r1eu, e rpLess;,,u'
? Listen rgain and ans\\rer the qucstions. r,orr h:n'c lcltrut.

Conversrtion 1: Hoil- does cach nran f'ecl? & Clreare r con.,'ersrrtiou nsinq' only the *'ords rnd phrrrse t
\\'hv do ,vou think thei. feel tliis u.avl in the br.,x" \-ou can usc cach phr:ase lnore thiln oncc.'I'ircn
C.onlcrsatit.rn 2: Does the n,ornan l-rave qoocl nrernclries o1:
pra ctisc thc conr-crsati<in.
the past? \\''hr'?
Anyway. Bye. Goodbye. OK. OK, then. Right
See you. \Alell. Well, l'd better ... Yes, of course.
 tft
Warrm up L0nguqge focus: you Knaw
tr \Arrrte clor'vn three words you have learnt recentll'. X Bea talks about the expression),0u knlit. Rea<l about hou
lve use this expression in the box. \\Ihich uses did Bea talk
2 \\rork in pairs '.rnd qive definitions fcrr t-our u.orcls.
r.rbout?
Tiy to g;uess u.hat yolrr partner's u'ords are.
Language note: We can use you know ...
Listemimg a for emphasis.
It's a difficult test, you know.
I '#s:1.',1i':i,iil'l Listen to seven people talkine about their
favourite u,ords and expressions in English. Nurnber them u while we think about what to say next.
in the orcler 1'ou he:rr them. This is a brand new phone. lt's a, you know, phone with

a\\-eso1le anci legenclary Oh my godl video and music and everything.

gorgeous _ - perhaps
-- - c when we are giving extra information about something.
harmon\' you lcrriu. Have you seen my English book? You know, the black
love - - one.
- again ancl choose the correct ens\\-ers.
2 Listen d before we start to talk about a person or thing.

I Artl-rur, ficlrn France, likes the expression because he You know the Japanese restaurant near the school,
lrcars it irt strllgi / ttto:'it.t. well, it's closing.
z Dieg'cr, from ltalt', thinks there nre / nren'f a lot of ven'
interesting u'orcls in English. 2 Aclcl-yozr kttoi.;: to the sentences be1ou,.
: Kristina, from Russia, l-rearul people use her frrvourite
r This is an old card g;anre. (add ernphasis)
u.ord u'hen ther,' talked abolt clothes / the uettther.
z I dcin't feei r.r'e11. (acld n hendache, sore throfi)
+ Elodie. lrorn Su'itzerl:rnc'1, likes her favourite rvord
: lle uon:rn Olyirpic rneclal. (add emphasis)
because o{ the spelling / prontmciatiort.
+ I had never heard that befbre. (begin with Ytn knozt)
s Senrih, lrom Tirrker,-, says his favourite u'orcls make hirn
s It r,r.as a big^ chanse in her life. (add.r*e tis netet'the srnte
feel hnppt, /.fitnn1,.
agaitl
o Bea, frorn England, thinks hcr favourite u.ords are usefu1
becatrse thel, gii;e her time to tltink / thel rnaan ktts tf'
Spemkimg
diJferenr things.
; Gut-, frorn Engiand, likes his u.ord because of the sound, tr \A.rrite doum tu.o or three of 1'our favourite u'ords or
the structllre ancl because it doevt't erisf in ntry lthel' expressior.rs in English.
lnngturge / it exists in lots c,J'other languages.
? \Vork in sm'.rll groups. Te1l each other about vour
favourite English u.ords or expressions and u'lry vou
like thern.

" My favourite expression is ...

a I like it because ...
s I don't know why.
6 I agree. lt's a good word.
o I don't know. I don't like it very much.
Recdlmg Writing skills: giving reasons
! Nlagd:rlena's nerv Enc'lish teacher hrrs asked her to r'r'rite r\'{ake .r'our vn'r:itir.rg rnore interesting b1- g'ir-ing reasotts usins'
a report on her pr-evious lang;uaee course. Read her report. beuttLse ctr ts.
Did she enjov the cciurse? Whv? I enrolled on a language course as / because I wanted to
improve my English.

I Put these reasons ir.r the correct places in r\{aedalenat

repoft.
r ... because I u-anterl to practise speaking outsicle the
cl ass.
2 ... ils this u.as a glood wav to practise on m\/ o\rn.
: ... because the classes rvere alrvavs r.ariecl ancl never
boring.
.+ ... as I rm quite shl-.
s ... as I still malie :r iot of rnistalies.
2 Complete the scntences u.ith a reasorl.
t I u.ant to improve rnv English as
z Sometirnes studyir.rg Englisl-r is difficult
--. because

Prepaning to write
\\brk in pairs and rnake notes about vour present Enghsh
colrrse. Use the useftil phr:rses belor,r' to help vou. Follou,
this firrrnat:
Paragraph 1: information about the course (level, length,
2 F-ill rn X'Iagdalena's end-of-course report.
number of students)
Magdalena has completed a - month course at
Paragraph 2: what you did during the course
level. She has worked hard, both in class and after
Paragraph 3: feelings about the course, progress and
class in the - good progress, especially
She has made
areas to improve
in her However, she could still improve this, and also
needs --. -. on her
to work and
:

E"aarguage $oaus:
- s / an-. $or new o We did a lot of / some listening / speaking activities.
r We did a lot
in$ormsfissr of / some grammar exercises / games /
communicative activities.
\\re use t or nn u'hen rve write about a singular nor-rn lbr the r I really enjoyed speaking but I wasn't so keen on
lirst time. Ilagdalena wrote: grammar.
e I need to improve my reading / writing / study skills.
Last summer I studied English for one month in language
e I need to extend my vocabulary / work on my
school in Oxford. pron unciation.
o I made progress in my listening / writing / grammar.
She sl.rould rvrite:
r I should try to speak more / be more accurate.
Last summer I studied English for one month in a language
school in Oxford.
Wrlting
Fincl thr:ee rnore places li'here trIagdalena forgot to use /r or
\Vrite a report like '\{agdalen'.r's fbr your next English
dr. rurd correct them.
teacl-rer. Use vour notes to help vou. Check,vour report for
a / nn 'ancl correct past tense forms.
: ,
=:.::t,":ir:
Gronnmqn Evelusfinrg your pronun€is*ion
'I'lre u.riter of this text has f<irgotten to use the eler.en times. I \,Vork in pairs and cliscuss the questions.
Put it in the correct places. I Hov'u'ould you describe your pronunciation
China is largest country in East Asia. Population of China is over 1.3
of English?
billion, and capital city is Beijing. One of most famous buildings in , I speak like a native speaker.
Beijing is Forbidden Clfy. This is where last Emperor of China lived, u My pronunciation is generally clear ancl
and today it is visited by millions of tourists every year. comprehensible
I have a noticeable accent but my pronunciation is
Sport is very popular in China, and 2008 Olympic Games were held "
mostly cornprehensible.
in Beijing. Every morning many people practise qigong andtai chi
chuan in city's parks. Go is another famous game that was invented in
a I have a strong accent and am sometimes hard to
understand.
China. lt is played with counters on a board, and objective is to control
largest part of board.
Hou'would you like vour pronlrnciation to be?
\dhich of tl.rese areas of pronunciation have 11611
studred in this class?
Vocobulory
a vov/€l sounds f sentence stress
Complete the puzzle by rerding the clues. b consonant sounds g rhythm
'1
c consonant clLlsters h
intonation
,l word stress
2
. the relationship betu'een sounds and spellings
3
+ \d&ich area is the strongest for you?
4 s \4hich area do you need to u'ork on most?
5
2 \Vor:k in pairs. Ansu''er the questions.
6
r \\&ich is your favourite English sound?
7
z \4hich is vour least favourite?
8
: l\ftich sound do vou find most ditficult to
I I've just boug'ht a ner'i'u'ashir-rg rnachine. pronounce?
2 \ lart lt,r'rrt oiprrlrlic trinsport in r cin. 3 \lhich of these strategies for improving
Too rnuch tr:rffic c:ru
- pollution. pronunciation have you tried?
+ \\re should try to recluce our carbon
You put ]rour counters on this to plav Scrabble.
6 Yrru have to on :r lrus befbre you travel.
* Practise readinE a shod text alouel. Reecrd
it and listen to it, or ask a friend to listen and
7 \\'then everyone elsc has played, it is your c0mrnent.
8 Hou. clo vou-get to rvork? I a rnotorbikc.
*' Repeat the lines frorn a DVD cr a song.

Speoking ond Wrifing- * Use a pronuneiation boak and CD.

I \,\trk in srnall g-roups. Describe '.r long journev 1'ou * Practise repeatinE the pronunciation of new
words with an electnonic dictionary such as the
l.rave rnade and list u'h'.,rt \,'clu h:rcl to do. \A1l'ro usecl the r.nost
lVlacmillan Hnglish Dictionary.
tbrnrs of tr'rnsport?
* Chcose an area of pronunciation or a sound you
2 \\rork irr pairs and find thrce nerv rvorcls you have learnt want to improve. Focus on it for a few minutes
in this book. Tl.ren complete the clefinitions. every day when you are speaking.
1 This is a person rvho * Other ideas.
2 is a place u.here
l f'his is a tl.rins r,r.hich 4 Cornpare )rour ideas with a partner ancl decide ho.,
3 -\\rork u.ith another pair and read-.vour definitions. fll'tn you can irnprove your pronunciation. \lhat u ill lou tn l
-1'his
quess the rvorcls.
- -.
*i,:*:i i*vr:',
 * a* ** *6*
Ep-lJtu+Eqr." "5d. -%d1r-e="-::*" lfEfr-1tr
:.*"q,Jb:3; jt'.jt dFs
ATLLF:3L =i: 4*Ef-E:-X",
Ldl-3;"# iFi;:*"

Unit ?, Speoking {pcge 1X} Unit 2, Reading {pcge } 8}

tr Complete the questions r'vith the correct u''ord I Read the text about vegemite. Are there anv interesting
do or nre. or surprising f-acts in tl-re text? \Vrite drem clown.

2 Ask your partner the questions. 2 Read the text again. \\rrite dou'rr a few key words to help
vou tell your partner about the text.
3 Arsu'er your partner's questions.
3 Tell ) orrr pdrtner ahoul r egcmite.
Family questions
* you have a big family?
, Hou'many brothers and sisters you have?
c- you have family in other countries?
6 you in touch widr them?
r FIow
- often you in touch with your
-
grandparents or grandchildren?
& you -have family reunions? How often?

Vegemite
Vegemite is a dark brown food paste from Australia. You can put it on
sandwiches, toast or crackers. lt tastes salty and bitter and is not very popular
in the world except in Australia and New Zealand. Vegemite has strong cultural
associations in those countries, and many say it is a comfort food. Vegemite
has very high levels of vitamin B, and during the 1940s the Australian army
bought large amounts of it for the soldiers. According to the Prime Minister of
Australia's website, Vegemite is 'the taste of Australia' and some Australians
even take a jar with them when they travel to other countries.

iar of vegemite

Glossany
bitier (adjective\ - has a strong sharp taste that is not sweet
jar (noun) - a glass container for food, with a lid and a wide
opening
paste (noun) - a food that is made by crushrng meat, fish or
vegetables

:-r : : :ir'l:,ji.:ia!t *i*ij*n'l :1

Umif &, Grsrnmsr {page 69}
I Write the questions lbr numbers 1-5 of the quiz.
Use the comparative form of the adjective.
Which is faster, the speed of light or the speed of sound?

2 Work witl-r a student from group B. Ask your questions.

3 Listen to questions 6 10 and try to ansu'er them.

Write the correct answers in the table.

t"lnit 9. Vceqbulsry {pcge X 0?} Unit n 0, Wriring {page I 15}

I Watch your partner and guess what's wrong. I Read the definitions of the new words. Copy them doln
and then write two incorrect definitions for each word.
2 Mirne the symptoms below. Your partner must guess
what's wrong. 2 Work witha pair who chose different words. Read out

t You have a headache. your words and definidons.

z Your wrist hurts. ,/ You have a sore wrist.
3 Listen to the other pair's words and definitions and tn-
3 You're sneezing.
to grress which is correct.
+ Your back hurts. /You've got a sore back.
A blogis a dj4ry,or-,jou4ql whlch is on the internec
Sp angli; b' ig'.a1anguager,w.hicfi .,is.,a: mirture of Spanish and
English.

#*rn**nication activities: Student A

 .., a ...L+
Z ! :t
ii::+
i lfe!:ltZ *'+ r:'"8 f*e-i.-! 7'e. .. .- ':!' ;.
+ +*'q!..jr'= V f, a4='1i.'i;
Z. t4t,!. i]. ;i ;i il ..' ...
'

L3rai* ?, Sp*a$e&mg {pege T3} Us'lit 2, fteoding {page l8l

3 Complete the questiclns r.vith the correct r,vord - 1 Read the text about popular comfort food for men and
do <tt: lrt. \vornen. Are there anv interesting or surprising facts in the
* Arsr.i'er your partner's iprestions. text? \Vrite them clou.n.

$ \sk r oul pilrtncr tlre qrrestiorrs. * Reacl the text again. \,\rrite dorvn a feu. kev u'ords to he lp
vou tell your partner about the text.
Friends questions 3 Tell your partner about cotnfort food in North America.
* F1or.l. often you talk to vour neighboursi
* you in touch u'ith anybody you \r''ent to
primary school - u,ith?
* -- yolr €io out u'ith your coileagues from work or
school?
6- you keep in touch u'ith friends bv email, phone,
or face to face? Hou- ofteni
* - vou have any online friends or acquaintances?
-_-

Comfort food for

men and women
An article published in the American journal, Physiology and Behavior, shows differences between men and
women and their choice of comfort food.

A survey of over 1,000 North Americans found that women often prefer snack-related comfort food while
men prefer more meal-related comfort food. ln padicular, more women said they liked food like sweets and
chocolate while men liked things such as pizza, pasta, steak or casseroles. Women often felt guilty and less
healthy than men about their comfort food choices.

The researchers think that the differences between men and women may be because men like hot, prepared
meals (that someone else made)while
women look for easy comfort food that
needs less preparation.

Glossary
casserole (noun) - a deep dish with a lid, used for cooking in
the oven, or the mixture of food ihat is cooked
guilly (adjective) - ashamed and sorry because you have done
something wrong
preter (verb) - to like or want something more than something
else

::;:1t: !:i;.li':: ti
Ura$r &, #r*aarc?emn {pcg* &S}
E \\'rite the questions for numbers 6-10 of the quiz. Use the
comparative fonn of the adjective.
Which is further from the sun, Jupiter or Saturn?

? Work with a student frorn group A. Listen to questions 1--5

and try to answer them. \4rritet1-re correct ans\r-ers in the table.

G Ask your questions.

Column B

speed of light

theor'y that the Earth is round theory of gravity

coal
nitrogen
Saturn

J00.oc ; 100'F is only 37'C

one.yard
one gigabyte
-40"c

Unif S, Vmcshuficry {pe*ge 1S?} [JnFf T*, Wni*irEg ipes* ] 35]

! Mime the slrmptoms below. Your partner mlrst guess ? Read the definidons of the new words. Copv therr.r dori''r
u,hat's u'rong. and then write fi,vo incorrect definitions for each u'ord.
r You have a toothache.
ft Wbrk with a pair who chose different words. Listen tir
z You have a sore leg. / Your leg hurts.
their words and definitions and try to guess u'hich is corrc.:
: You're coughing.
-1 You've got a fever. # Read out your v'ords and definitions.

? \Vatch your partner and guess what's v'rong.

A metrosexaal is a young man who enjoys good clothe s.

an attractive home and a good personal appearance.

Spam are emails that are sent to many people and are n,::
wanted.
 E.

"a*ff
# ''J*
a g.*.
=+#? +

Umit ?, Fs*ma$imrn gfiobm|$y {pwge ?&} BARNABY,S

CAFE

,,,.;?o;f.;;J,,.#i:,,
or
Green salad

?IZZAPATACE Vegetarian
lasagne
or
Pkza (choose Your tradiilonal
steak and
Mushroorns potato pie
Salami
Harn Dessert
Cheese Ice crearn
Tornato Fresh fruit
Onion
Greenor Red
PepPer "" '

Ddnks
Cola
Water
FruitJuice Umi* 3 S, Spea$<ing {pmge } 3 7}
I Read the fuIl quotes below. Do you think they are
positive, negative or neutral about America?

? Do you know- any famous quotes about Vour country?

Tell your partner.

[.lnit 9, Recding {pcge I06i 66 nlt great change in America begins at the dinner
table.pp
Ronold Rengan, Jbnner' IJS Presidertt
Shorf cuf
He had travelled by car for 11 miles of the marathon! 66 t ttrint< the most un-American thing you can say is
'You can't say that'. $p
A helping hond G,r t't'isort Kt iI lor A nt e ri;n tt ;t' t'itt ;'

Olympic officials had helped him cross the line. 66 EnglanO and America are two countries separated
by a common language. $$
The extro disfonce George Bentat d Shaw, Irish zuritti'

Ramzan thought that he hadn't finished the race. 66 America is a mistake, a giant mistake. $$
S i gtnun d Freud, Autti a n p s1 c h ct kt gi,x
A new Olympic record
66 fnere is not a black America and a white America
He had never swum in a pool of that size before. and Latino America and Asian America - there's the
United States of America. $$
B stt c k O lt rnn a, (J S Pt'e s itle n :
 The first player tosses a coin. If the coin lands heads
ffirxis T&, Spewkir:g {pmge XXX}
up, lnove your counter for-ward two squares. If the coin
Rules lands tails up, move your counter forward one sqlrare.
r Play this game in groups of three or four. You need one If 1'ou land on a grey sqlrare, follou'the instructions.
coin and one board to play. Ifyou land on a red square, speak in English for one
z Each person needs a counter. Put the counters on the minute about the topic on the square.
squcre rrrarked Start. The winner is the person who gets to the end of the
: Decide who is going first. board first.

,.rrir ii:*:: * 1 ar"l:t iur-i ai I

 :i.iIi 41'
':i:it.: '::.a:.

j
aL::g,t::+,:1r::r::rl:i:i':::::.

{"in$f I

Wond srder in question $onms

Yes ,/ Ns questions lffft- questions
In ys / tto questions the verb goes before the subject: Question wortls (.1,1/hnt? Where? Wta? Wen? Why? Hou?) go at
They at e .fi ont Spnin. Are the1, f'otn Spaitt? the start of a question.
lf/here t:kt yott lire? l[/hen, u^ere -you bont?
In present sirnple or past simple questions, the auxiliary r'erh do / V[/hat is yoru'fa "''ottrite sport?
did goes before the subject.
She speaks English. ** Does she spenk English?
She leantt French. Did she leat'n French?
--

tff&sf snd Fdsw que$ti0ng

Use hou and uhlt with nouns :rnd adjectives or aclverbs to start Use like in questions to ask about appearance or personaliB,'and
questions. characteristics.
V[/hat pets do ltott hate? V[/bat knd of dog is ir? Whnt tloes she look like? - She's ta// and ue ttrs glrtsses.
How expensixe was it? How o.ften do you, Jbed it? Wat's thlt neu restaut ant like? - Noiry btt the food is good.

Fneseml sirnp*e, $nequeney

Affirmative Negative Question Short answers Ites Short answers No

[/You/\VelThe1' work. I/You,/\VelThey don't Do I/you/u.e,/they Yes, I /1'e11 /la.e / ther. do. No, I/r,'eul\a'elthey
work. work? don't.
He/She/It works. HelShe/It doesn't Does helshe/it worki Yes, he/she/it does. No, helshe,/it doesn't
work.

Use the present sin.rple to talk about: Expressions of frequenc,v (eaer1 day, twice a week, on l,Ionday, etc.)
c habits and routines. * things that are always ffue. usually go at Lhe end of the sentence. Thev go at the beginning of
He gets ap at seaen o'clock. The sun rises in the east. the sentence u'hen u.e want to ernphasise r'r'hen or hou- often.
They d,on't go to bed late. Water boils at 100"C. We go shoppittg on Sana,days.
On Sntrtrdays. a'e go sltoppittg.
We use frequency adverbs and expressions of frequencl' r.vith the
present sirnple. Frequency adverbs (ah:dys, nvm@, often, sometinrcs,
hardly eae4 nete) go between the sub.ject and the verb, except
rvith the verb to lte.
We alzt:ays ho"-e lunch at I pm.
He is alzuays late for class.

Fnesenf eCInt; *? {"rs[J g

LTse the present continuous to talk about:

. things happening no\r'- or about nou'.
I am ('m) working. I am ('m) not working. Am I working? We are uatchingTV I'm learning English.
. tenporarysituatior-rs.
You/\\'relThev are You/\ArelThe\r are not Are you/u.e/ He is liuirtg in London at the ml'm.ettt.
('re) working. (aren't) working. they workingl The present continuous is often used lr.ith time expressions such
He/She/It is ('s) HelShe/It is not Is he,/she/it as nou, ther-e tlr4,5, nt the m.oment tnd this ueek / rnonth / lertr'.

u'orking. (isn't) working. working? Sorne verbs (stative verbs) aren't used in the present continuous:
ogree, appear belieu,.foreet, hate, hea.r; knau, like, /oite, meatt., need,
oun, prefe4 realise, r'enrcm.her; see, seent, ir/utt
1 t fi '{-=-
i iu"-"& i E--;
tu*fn!nE $ i;;b#.F#Eg*H
",

Wond orden in question forrns

I Decicle if these questions are in the correct (y') or incorrect 1 Use the words to u.rite the questions.
(X) order. Then correct the mistakes. uhere bont? Where uere you born?
t They are fromJapan? I fanily from?
z \4there do your ptrrents livei 2 spea k an1' langn"t"t;
: Did learn you a language at school? job?
+ \\,'ho is your favourite actor? 4 live?
s Do like you chocolate? 5 married?
6 Hou. nrany students there are in the class? 6 children?
7 play any sports?
8 lavourite v-riters?
9 like nrusic)

What qnci How questions

\Arrite the questions.
Hou ta// is he? He'.s nearly two rnetres tall. 4 Horv ,-- ? The school is ten kilometres frorn her.
I \\4rat -Nllv car'sred. 5 \Vhat I have a \,'isa and an American Erprrcs..
2 How-? I'm thirty'. 6 How--'-?
-,. It doesn't rain here very often.
3 \Vhat Mr- teacher's tall u.ith short, dark hair. 7 \Vhat She's nice, really friendlv.

Present-?simple, $requency -?
-? in the correct order to make sentences.
Put the words
his parents / on Surrdays / my boyfriend / visits + meet / irt weekends / sometimes ,/ I / colleagues from ri.ork
IIy boyJi'ind "-isirs his porents on Sunthys. 5 a1l evening / spends / he / on the internet / often
r check / ever v* cla1' / their email / they 6 usually / m1' r'vife / before me / gets up
z TY / in the daytime / r'atch / hardl,v ever / rr'e 7 fbl a meal / go out / we / every Sanrrday night
3 Eioes / once a week / she / to the cinema

Fresent aomf;nu0us
Complete the dialogue u.ith the correct form of the present sirnple
or present continuous,
A' \dhere (1) * -,- (you / t:ork) at the n'rornent?
B, In a hotel in Italrr My boyfriend (2) (ltue) rnltaly
-
at the moment too. ---
(l) --- Qou / like) it there? -
R: Itb great. I (1) @refef) the lifestvle in Italy. In
Lorrdotrer'er1'body(5)-(uork)1onghours.Peop1e
(6) (not enjoy) life as much.
(7) $tou / spcak) Italian?
R Not very lveli, br.rt I (8) (talee) classes non- and
I (9) - (/etnt) the language quite quickl,v. \Ve
(10) (not plan) to go back to England for a u'hile.
--
- - * -' a.'
.:".. :
-
-
 €**AP ff
a.P- ai Fat-: t,a' nt 4)a aa,! :+ :

eaq.pn?mh8e f a-en*mwrermh*m rs*{.}!trs, s#r}?sr ss?y

Cor:n?shfle smd ume*arm?*ble noums These are solne common uncountable no:ufls'. arclmmodation.
adaice, bread, fut'nitul e, i.njbrmltion,'news, trffic, weather
Countable nouns can be singrrlar or p1ura1. Most p1ura1 forms end
in s. sm*me cnd *r:y
Put it ott yur plate. Where are the plates?
Use some :rnd any u'ith plural nouns or n-ith uncountable nouns.
Sorne plural countable nouns are irregrrlar: Wte usuallv :use slme in affirrnative sentences tnd an1, in negative

'#l;,'!"{;:;,, sentences and questions.

Do yu hare any plntes?
mnn - men We need to btry some milk.
Llncountable nouns don't have a plural form.
Do you take milk and sugar in tea? IJse a / an with singular nouns.
I don't haae a plote.Yrnt need an eggfor thdt recipe.
Language note: Some words can be countable or uncountable.
I like coffee. (= the drink)
Can I have a coffee? (= a cup of coffee)

s fmf sf, m $;fff€, m fewu fm*fJ enoug$:, rme.ue&, ffi?#rTy

LIse quantifiers before a noun to show the quantity or amount of

Language nole: much / many are usually used in negative
something.
. sentences and questions or with foo.
a litt/e and much are used with uncountable nouns:
a little coffee, too macb sugar A lot of / lots of is usually used instead of much / many in
. 6 feu and m,any are used with plural countable nouns: affirmative sentences. There's a lot of salt in this dish.
a few apples, too mony bananas We use a /of to answer the question How much / many ...?
. alot oJ'and (not) en,ough are used with uncountable nouns
and plural nouns: lz lot of pasta, not emough .segetables

. d. .l
lhe rntrnrtrve wlfh fs
-t

Use the infinitive with ro after some verbs: agree, at't'ange, decide, Language noter we don't use 1o after modal verbs such as can
forget, hope, lenrn, m,anage, ntean, need, offea prefea prom,ise, refuse, / can't and musf. (See Grammar focus 5 page 140 for more on
remem.be4 trl, uant, wotild like
modals.)
Yozt need to eat slouly. Remember to udd sugur,.
I can drink one g/ass of wine, but no more.

Use the infinitive with to after adjectives.

It's healthy to eat salad. lt's good to try different foods.

$mfimitive m$ paxnp*sc
We use the infinitive with ro when we talk about the purpose of Language noie: We can use in order to instead of to in these
something or why we do something.
sentences. For isn't used in these sentences.
I eat lots of aegetabhs t0 get i?71p07'tant aitsmins. (= because I want
to get)
I eat |ots of vegetables in order to get impoftant vitamins.
You use a corkscreu to open wine. (= so that you can open) Not: ins;
F , !! r r Ef
Louffirtrble ,1 uglesLirlfssle nsunSr 50€?;ef trf?y
Corrrplete the sentelces \\'ith a / (t/t, slu/.( ot LIuJt.

1 I'rn goine shopping. Do ure neecl -- ,--,,***-- eggs?

z Cln I have ---'- large cola lncl tuo cofTees please?
I I'd like information :lbout restaur'.tnts in the
tfea.
+ There's - brerd lcft, but there isn't
butter.
5 I'n'r rnaking ----'_ big cake fbr nrv sonls birthcla.y.
o I neerl . rdvice about vegetarian firod.
z Let'.s buv ne\'ri ftrrniture fol the dinins roorn
s I ncecl onion for this clisl-r.

-_-* -

s $m* *$, m fdr*fe, er $ew, fm*fJ em*s*gf*, raras*$a, sm#$'ry{

T LTnclerline the correct quintilier in each sentence. * Choose one of the dirlogucs in Exercise 1. Think about u'hat is
happening and v'ho is speaking. \\rrite the next t$'o lines.
I ,q., I'nr afl'aid therels too tnutls / tmny milk in tl-ris.
B, Sorq-, I fbrgot vou onh,' iike a.t'ett / little in coflee .

.{, Hon much / ntrn1, biscuits rvould r,-ou likc?

I
s, ,1 lor / lot o.f!
A' \4rc have lots o.f' / rn.t r ch space. \\ hr. clon't vou come encl visit?
e, Thrnks lntI
tlon't htrt:e enoug/.t / hrti,e too httle tlx's off.
A, '\"Ir, n allet rvrs here r little / a.fett tnintrtes agol
B' I'nr afiaid there arc lots aJ-/ nuu4, pickpockets her., tir.

Tfue isn$tm&triwe wi*$"a tre

Reecl thc text about eJrprnese drink. Corrplete the text rvith ro or
nothins^ (-).
Sakc is rice rvine. Thc Chinese lirst learnt lQ rlake sake, but
nou' it is the trxditional drink ofJrpan. To n.rakc- sake you neecl (1)
cook rice irl $':iter. It is irnportant (2) use tr specill
kind ofrice. \bu can (3) -- sen-e sake warrl
-*- or cold. InJapan
people pret-er (1) drink u'arrn sake in lr.inter rnd cold sake
in surnrner. You are mertlt (-i) -,--= clrink slke rvith frientls.
'lrlclitjon savs vor-l- lnustn't (6) pottr sake tbr t'ourself. So if
vou clrink sake in -f aprn, retnember (7) - ,, pour it on11' fe.
other people. -

r f,e ?
"-r
$ilt!nEt'Fve st p{JrFsse
.\'Iakc six sentences.
1 I went to the blker'.s a nreet our lricnds.
z Hc looked round the crf6 b celebrate her birthdal-.
: She stniled at nre to
c shorv she r.vasn't angrlr
.+ Hc u.ent into tl-re q'arclen d buy some bread.
s \\ie cvclecl into toln e lind a good table.
o Tl-rer,'organised a pern' f pick somc tolratoes.
Usr;tr #

Fost sirnple end psst eontinuous

Fcst sinrple Post eonlinu*us

Affirrnative Negative Question Question

I/You/HelShe I/You/He/She Did I/you/he I was working. I was not (wasn't) Was I working?
/k/We/They /It/We/They /she/it/we/they working.
worked. did not (didn't) work? You/We/They You/We/They Were you/we
work. were working. were not (werent) /they working?
working.
-ed spelling
He/She/It was He,/ She / It was not Was helshe/it
. lor most verbs add ed: look - looked. working. (wasn't) working. working?
' for verbs ending in e, add d: smile - smiled
" for verbs ending iny, change the1, to ied: study - studied. Use the past continuous to describe an activity or situation in
(But verbs ending in vowel + y are regllar: play - playd). progress in the past.
o for verbs ending in consonant-vowel-consonant, double the He was watching a Jilm. on TV
consonant and add ed, eg stop - stlpped. We often use the past continuous for activities that are interrupted
by a completed action. It is used in contrast with the past simple.
Use the same form for all persons (1, y,u, he, she, it, we, thelt) except He was watching a flm. on TV when the phone rang.
for theverb to be.
Some verbs have an irregular affirmative form: t-+.,1,r....-+X..,.'
haae * had,go - u)ent, see - sau),think - thought. watching phone rang
a f.lm
Use the past simple to talk about completed actions in the past.
I watcbed a goodf.hn, at the weekend. Wile ts often used with the past continuors. When is often used
I boagbt a book about historl oJ'ntt last week. with the past continuous and the past simple.
I fell asleep wbile I was reading a book.
I u'as reading abookwhen I fell asieep.

[,fsed ro
We also rse used t0 to talk about situations in the past which aren't
Affirmative Negative Question true now.
I/You/HelShe I/You/Hel She Did I/you/he There used to be an an gallery in our toun. (= but there isn't one
/k/We/They /k/We/They /she/it/we/they there now)
used to work. didn't use to use to wofk?
work. Language note: There is no present form of used to. We only use
used to to talk about regular actions in the past.
We use used to to talk about regular actions in the past which don't Not: l_{'se#own#musie.
happen now.
I used to play the guitar. (= but I don't play it now)

3r;l::::;r t**u*
g 6
tr u* fft
g$*q6ff
-g*."q
4 H 8."f}€€j6x{-r":aL"
LJ' B e $ q-F 4 ."q4-* C. L 4"3L 3
g

Post simBNe ond post continuous

I Use the prompts below to write what was happening yesterday
lunchtime in the park.
t What,/ people ,/ do / in the park / at midday yesterday?
2 two workers / dig / a hole
3 aman / read/ anev/spaper/onabench
4 awofiian / eat/ asandwich-butshe / notenjoy / tt
s children / play / hide and seek
t\.vo
o an old woman / walk / her dog
7 two tourists / take / photos
2 Underline the correct lorm ofthe verb in each sentence.
I We were cleaning / cleattel the rvindows when it was starting /
stufted to rain.
z While she zras looking / looked in the mirror, she aas noticing /
norikd her first grey hairs.
Itwas getting / g0l dark when I was witching on / suitched on the
lights.
They were dropping / droppel the sculpture i.vhile they were
carrying / can ied it inside.
While she was closing / closel the curtains, she uas seeing / sa*^
somebody outside.
I'-^as pninting / pdinted the beclroom u'a1l when I was Jalling off /
fell oJf the Iadder.

Used ro

Complete the sentences with used to or didn't use to and an

appropriate verb.
rHe-toCaSSetteS,hedidn,tusetolistentoCDs.
z He ---, the violin, but now he plavs the guitar.
I He an MP3 player but he has one nor.r'.
+He-toclassica1concertS'heusedtogotomusic
festivals.
s He miserable, now he feels relaxed and happv.
o He opera but he likes it norv.
-

-
 ::=i
'.
'. :-, t :' ,i:
=-'t tl: h,l

Fufure hopes cmd plems

Lise verbs such as hope, plm, urnt, uoukl /lfte (+ infinitive u'ith ro) to Use look,fbt-,t:rnrl t0 (+ r-erb s'ith -ing) to talk about definite future
talk about future hopes that aren't defiuite. plans.
I wattt to :'ork irr n d(r,llPiug iltttl/'.\'. I'nt lookingfot'uat d to uorkittg in AJi'ica nert \teol'.
I'd, like to be an aid zrorker.

Fulture plems end ;nfentions {gefng fo, pneser:t eomtinuours}

Goimg fo Language note: going fo go is often replaced by going.
t'm going to go to France next year = l'm going to France next
I Aflirmative Negative year.
l_-=___
1

] I am ('m) going I am not ('m) not Am I going to

I to work. going to work. work?
I
i
Fresemt eentinu0us
I You/\\relThev You/\drelThey are Are you/we/thev
See Gramn'rar focus 1 on page 132 for an explanation on horv tcr
i are ('re) going to not (aren't) going going to work?
fornr the present continuous.
I work. to work.
LIse the present continr"rous to talk about future plar-rs, ir-r
He / She / It is ('s) He/She,/Tt is not Is he/she/it going
particular for arrlngements with a date ancl titne, eg plans u.ith
going to u'ork. (isn't) going to to work?
tiiends or tral'el arrallgements.
work.
[\n meetin,gf ient]s this e,-enirtg. (= I'r.e made an arrangement
We nse gting to to talk about u.l-ret u.e have elreedy decided or u.ith thern)
intcld ro do in rlrc hlrure. We're goitrg to Egpt on holirlq, thi.r Year. (= \\re've alreaclY
He's going to ttuin to be t doctor. (= It is already decided) arranged the holidal')
Thgy'r'e going t, y'y,!
f:,-q:_!59.:.
Fnedietiosr mmd mhllity lwill, be obfe fo!
w;ff Se s&fe fo
Use uill be uble to to talk about ability or possibility in the ftrnrre.
Afirmative Question \lre don't rse it:ill mn.
I/Yor-r/He / She T/Vru/He/She Will I/you/he We won't be able to stop palhrtion.
/k/\\te/Thes, /It/We/Thev / she / tt/ tve / they
Language note: compare will and going to.
will ('ll) work. will not (won't) work?
work. We're going to reduce carbon emissions.
(= definite plan / intention)
Itlsezt:ill to talk about predictions or beliefs about the future. It is
I think we'lt reduce carbon emlssions.
often usecl with the verbs think, hope antl to be strre.
(= prediction, may or may not happen)
I think there'll be u ntrcletr accident.
I'tn yLre there will be rnore homeless people in tbe Jir.ture.

Fu*?ux'e firme e*ma,ases

Use furure dme clauses -,1-ith a present tense to talh about ftlnrre
I F.,to." time clause Main clause
predictions.
Itr If ue reduce carbon ent.issions, ue'll retluce globa/ uarnting.
I rl't.'.rt It is possible to change the order ofthe future tirne clause ancl
ii Befor.
,"
+ present tense future form rnain clause.
I ltter (r-rsr-ral11. present (usuall,v zll/) l[/hen.yott see tl:e f.ltn, you'll be renlly Ji'ightened.
, As s,,on as sirnple) Will t,e hnae dinner b{ot'e ite go to the dnerno?
Language note: we use lffor things that might happen but aren t
certain. We use when for things that are cerlain.
Um*F 4 il-qu:t-rJE*E
€ i 6- n ffi

Future hopes ond plans

Match the sentences.
t She's a doctor. She wants a to working on a ne\4r project in Latin A.n'rerica.
z He's five years old. He hopes b to work for an environmental organisation.
3 I'rn a teacher. I'm looking forward c to fight disease in developing countries.
4 l'rn a srudent.I'rn planning d to starting the new school year.
s They worry about pollution. They'd like e to get a good job when I leave college.
6 \Are're aid workers. We're looking lorward f to get a bike for his birdrdal'.

Fa.rf*we plens cmd intemtiocas {gccr:g fon presemf eemtlnuous}

I Conrplete dre sentences. Use the correct form of goittg to. 2 Con-rplete the dialogues with the correct form of the present
our children a ftiturel contir-ruous.
1 We
2 This government (not hel.p) our countryl t A: The1.'re holding a big climate change conference at the end
) M,'lren $rou / stop) this wari of the year.
I How---@iz,e) (we /
feecl) our children? Where
5 \l'e (not giae up)l \\rhen are you n'reeting Lisa again?
6 \4'ho (/:e/p) the poor! after u'ork tornorro\4, actually.
7 I - for what I believel
(fight) ['m goingJ on hoiiday in June.
8 Cars-----
- (desn oy) our environmetrt. Where
- What tine is David coming round?
today, I'n-r afraid.
- Are you u'orking on Saturdayi
- No, at all this weekend.

Fnedie*isn end mbltlfy iw,df, &e s&de ss) --**-

I Complete the text with will or zuon't. 2 Underline the correct verb.
What do we know about global r.r'arming? Well, global I We at'e haaing / uill hnae funch. with friends tolnorrow.
temperatures (1) increase. Sea levels (2) rise and z I hope yo:u nrz goittg to enjoy / will enloy your visit.
in some areas there (3) be floods. But in other areas there I \44-rat are you going to do / uill yu /o this evening?
(4)
--
be enough rain. That means farmers in some areas + I'm sure \ re uill Jind / are Jinding a solution.
(5)
- -
be able to grow food an1, rnore. A.nd some animals and s She gozrzg to be / will be an engineer when she leaves school.
t
--
plants (6) be able to e)rist in changing environrnents, so o \4rhat tine will you m.eet / are yott meeting them?
there (7) be few-er tlpes of anirnals. z \{4rat clo vou think zi hdppening / uill happen tonTotrow?
- 8 I'm gtin,q to check / 'm checkin.g rnv email in a minute.

Fufure firne e*cuses

Complete the sentences with the correct forn of dte verb in
brackets.
r I think the baby (start) to cry as soon as we After he (finish) work, he fu'o) to
@er) on the bus.
the airport.
z If you (/o) the shopping, I .-". (cook) She (&e) upset if he (brget) her
dinner. birthday.
3 You * (&e) shockecl when you
----
I (senQ lrort a text v'hen we
(read) thatbook. --
(arrite). -
- -
-

*r*;:::r:*r fa*** Li::ii ,.-1.

L**;e S

Hsve
Instead of hm:e we can also use hare got for possession.
Affirrnative Question Hne got is often used in spoken and inforrnal English.
I/You/We/They I /You /\4re /They Do I/you/u.e I'ae got nL,o brothers.
have a car. don't have a car. /they have a cari She hasn't got dtu'k hait'.
Haae yott got /l.rry mottey?
He/She/It has HelShe/It doesn't Does he/she/it
a caf. have :r car. have a car? Use hare as a main r.'erb u'ith certain nouns to talk about actions
or experiences. For example:
lJse haae as a main verb to talk about possessions, relationships or . have breakfast/ lunch / dinner/ a drink/ a coffee
characteristics. . have ap^rq/ aholidav/a srvim/anaccident/a goodtime
I haae nto brothet's. . have a chat/ a conversation /a rneeting
She bas dark hair. o have an illness / a headache / a problern
Language note: We can't use short forms when we use have as a
main verb. Not: lvaaeaf.

fVtodol verbs
Use m.ust and hne r.o to talk about things that are necessary
We often rse nilrst and hale ro for rules. Hatte to is often used
for something u'hich is necessary because of a larv or because
sorneone else says it.
Irnast fitish this report.
He bas to gire a presertatiott tc)mlr-rlu. (= His boss said so)
Use m.ttst nlt (mustn't) to express prohibition.
Yr.tu, mustn't wear jerms snd truinerc in the oflice.
Use don't htt"' e to to say that solnething isn't necessar\', but it is
possible or allou.ed.
Xl[en dom't haue to uear o tie nt wr,n'k. (= but they can if tl-rey r'r'ant to)
Use cln to say that something is possible or allowed.
You can huy food in the staJJ'cnnteen. Or yon can eat ylu.r ozun snttdwiche:
there.
Use can't to say thet something is not possible or allor'ved.
Yott cs.n't ea.t lunch a.t your desk.

-rng rorms
The -ing form of the verb can be: . nsed after prepositi ons: gtod / bnd ot, interested in, tired oJ,
. the subject ofa sentence excited abotfi, ltorcd uith, instertd oJ, in spite o.f
Working long hotLrs A- ae ry sn'es{ul. He's "-ery good at skiing.
Playing chess is "-ery relnxittg. I\nr excited dltottt going on holidrq,.
. the object of some verbs, for example: lore, like, dislike, enjo1,,
tn.ind, can't stand
I like playing baskethall.
I catt't stand jogging.

Present perfect
LIse the present perlect to talk about an unspecific tirle in the past.
Affirmative Negative Question Compare the present perfect and tl-re past sirnple.
I/You/We/They I/You/\Ve/They have Have I/You/!Ve I haoe been to Dittt.q,ktntl. (= no sPecific time, present perfect)
have ('ve) worked. not (haven't) worked. /They worked? I went to DineyLmd lnst s'unime]'. (= specilic time, past simple)

He,/She,/It has He,/She/It has not Has he/she/it \4/e often use the present perfect with eur and neuer to talk about
('s) worked. (hasn't) worked. worked? experiences up to the present.
Haae yo'r,t eaer been ta An lun'u,sement park? (= at an)' time in your 1ife,
Tlre present perfect is forrned with the verb haue + past participle. I'ae neaer been on d rol/er coaster. (= up to no$)
The past participle of regular verbs is the same as the past simple.
(see Grammar focus 3 page 136). Irregular verbs often have Language note: haye been to = have visited a place.
clifferent forms, eg go went - gone.
Compare: She's been to Germanl. (= ancl nou. she has corne back
home).
She's gone to Gennnnl. (= and she's still there).

iivamnr, :.r.^.r.r
Ffsve
Cornplete the sentences with the correct form of haae.
t She - a baby yesterday - a little girl. I breakfast most days because I'rn never hungn
z Thev got a car, they cycle everywhere. in the morning.
3 \4,'e a party on Sunday evening. \Arould you like 6 I'm afraid he got time right now.
to come? 7 \{re a printer at home so I bought one
,+ Do you knou- him? He glasses and he vesterday.
nru.'h hair'. - a rninute, please Madan?
---
-
Modol verbs -
-
Read the rules and choose the correct meaning.
I Employees mustn't make private phone calls. Ernployees can take breaks uhen they need thern.
a Private phone calls aren't allowecl. a You take a break when you want to.
b lbu can make private phone calls if you want b You need to tell the manager wher-r you take a break.
z Employees don't have to work fixed hours. Employees must clock in and out when they start and finish.
r You need to rvork at the same time every da1.. a Itls necessary to clock in and out.
b You choose u.hen you u.ork. b It isn't necessary to clock in and out.
I En-rployees have to follou'the dress code. Emplovees can't call in sick witiout a doctor's note.
a You can \['ear what you u'ant. a lt's possible to call in sick without a doctor's note.
b There are some clothes that vou can't wear. b You need a cloctort note to call in sick.

-rng torms

Put the r'vords in the correct order to make sentences.

1 (?e / he / without / looking / can 4 part/looking / is/ tn/ good/ joblthe / inporrant/ of
z trainingJ / n'r'o / had / weeks / u,e / of s tea/ work/ hate/coI1-ee /rnaking /I/ and
3 new / starting / she's / job / about / her / excited 6 ^r/
magazines / she's / working / instead of / alu.ays / reading

Fresent per$ect
I \4'rite the dialogr-res with the correct fonn of the present s Choose the correct ending.
perfect. 1 They've built two amusernent parks outside the ciw ...
1 A: you / ever / tnr / skiing? a and they are g;oing to build another.
B: Yes / v-e / go / skiing / in France / twice / so far. b t\4.o years ago.
z A: u,-hat / you / done / with the remote control? Thev r-ent on a roller coaster last summer and ...
B: I / r.rot see / it / but/your mum / just / wtch / t a they love it.
Progfalnlne. b thev loved it.
I A: my son / stop / collecting / stamps. She's been to the water park ...
B: he / ever / think / about collecting / coins? a yesterdav.
4 A: you / be / on holiday / tl.ris year? b lots of times.
B: I / have / a busyyear at work/ so / I / not have / any time I've never been in a haunted house because ...
to relax. " I'm
h
scared ofthe dark.
s A: She still / not finish / talking / on the phone. T was scared ofthe dark.

B: I hope / she / not call / that friend in Brazil. He bought a burger in the food area but ...
. it didn't taste very good.
2 Choose one of the dialogues. Think about rvhat is happening
b it hasrr't tasted very good.
and who is speaking'. \Vrite the next t$.o lines.
We've visitecl e great theme park in South Korea ...
a when \ve were on holiday.
t and one in HongJ Kong too.

&r*r**r**r $**u* iiirii !

: i:-": j: \^;
--i't
",ot i I F t

e]ii:"i.4:r!:9i:::i+iriffi ;:iiai:r::ai::l:l:: r'ira :;:r:::

ecrmpmrmf*ve sr"sd su*penlwfive mdieefiv*s find sdvenbs

Adjective Comparative Superlative Language note: For one-syllable adjectives ending with one
consonant, double the final consonant and add -er / -est'
One syllable fast fister the fastest
Some two syllable adjectives, especially adjectives ending in y can
edjectives and slou slou-er the slou.est
be used in either lorm (more + adjective or with -er / -esf)
aclverbs: add -er / -est hig bigger the biggest
angry - angrier / more angry
Adjectives ending in nlcef the nicest
e: tdd -r/ -st
to compare nvo things or people.
LIse comparative adjectives
Acljectives endinE; in i d.i"t the driest Conparative adverbs compare t\{'o actions. Than ts used after
y: change thel to le conpafatives.
and add r/ -.rt in uann. couttries dre haltpier thnn paople in cold ntntt'ies.
People
I cnn run faster thon !o'LI.
Tu'o or more svllable irnportant
adiectives and
adverbs that end quickly
in -ly: rnore / nt.ost +
acljective or adverb

Irregular adjectives good better

and adverbs well
bad worse
badly

Cornporative cdieefives Emd sdverbs {s &cfl, m?&{€$?, ss "." ss}

\\,re can rnodifi'comparative acljectives and adverbs with a ltit or Ljse /e:'.r r.vith longer adjectives to meirT not a:^ lztLrch.
m.uth. S/re lr /ess intelligent thtn her sister. (= her sister is more intelligent)
Thttt DL'D plnl,er is a bit chenper. This one is rnucb che alter'.

U\e Ut0t) t/! ... trs to tnake (otnplrisott:.

IIy job n as exciting as 1,otur. (= l64t or.rr jobs are equallv exciting)
XIy job isn't as excitin,q as yotu's. (= vo.tt job is rnore excitinq than mine)

Superlcfives
LTse superlatives to colnpare solrleone or something in r group LIse superlatives with the present perfect.
u.ith all the other drings in that group. NIy git'lfiiend is the most interesting persott I'ue eaer met
This compttter is tbe cheapest in the shop.
LIse snperlatives u'ith in the ...
Shopping online is the rnost conaenient method.
The in.ternet is the best inttention, in the woild.
I'tn the tallest persan in tbe chns.

F&rnsss! \rerbs mnd ohieets

A phrasal verb is a tu.o-u,'ord 'r'erb consisting of a verb + a particle. \'\'rhen phrasal verbs take an object, the object can usually go in
Sorne phrasal verbs trke an object and some phrasal verbs don't. rwo places:
. r'erb + particle . after dre verb and particle
Crm you log on? Tur.n on the computer.
. verb + particle + object . betu'een the verb and particle
Tw"n on the cornputer. Turn the cow.prfter on.
Ifthe object is a pronoun, it can only go betu.een the verb and
particle:
Tw,n it on.
Not:Tuntnit,

::: i:; *: !'it r r J'{!{ r.{ii

eompcnotiv'e nnd $uperlstrive ndiectlves
\Arrite tl-re cornparative and sr-rperlative fbrrns of dre adjectives in
the teble.

Adjective Comparative Superlative

tall
hot
content
safe
good
erpensive
enjovable
cheap
bearLtiful
hear,y

Cormpcrofive ediee*ives {o bit, nzwek, ss .," os}

\A/rite comparisons usins the prompts belori'.
r he / be / patient / i.vith the children / her
z she / be / happv / now / last year
3 lnostpeople/get/rbit/fatlwhen / they / get/old
+ I / sleep / good / in rnv own bed / in a hotel
5 money / r-rot be / as / irnportant / health
o this chair / be / much / cornfortable / that one
7 some neu. robots / be / as / intelligent / humans
8 my horne computer / starts / slowlv / mv r'vork colnputer

SuperNofives

Complete the sentences u.idr the superlntive form of the u.orcls in

the box.

expensive fast good high popular strange + Social networkjnq is tl-re

growing sector of tl-re internet.
The blog of a Chinese film actress has the 'Ilorv to kiss' and'\d4ro is Clod'rvere
t he .- rerrch tlue:t ion: in
nurnbcr olt rertlcrs un thc intcrnet.
The ,-,*-*- name for @ is elelthant's tnmk in Danish. 2007.
T1.re -,. domain nalne cost $7.5 miliion. Books- are the things that sell the
on the internet.

Fhnsss! verbs cnd obieets

-
Conplete the sentences u'ith the correct phrasal verb.
r Thc tnusir'is too l,rtrd. The phone'.s ringing.
\Arell, turrr \Vell pick
z The TV isn't u,rrldng. T}re cornputer is lrozen.
Yru need to plug You have to shut
I These u'eb pages are really interesting. \\'e rrced to find out trrirr tirnes.
C':in vou print Can 1'61 look
-*--l
+ -l tl-re u''ord into the search engine?
Hor'v do I put -***--.
I've found his ernail adclress.

Just t-vpe T'll write

--?
-?
 Ur:;t
ffiu_-ew'wE5.*
f 4@i@r{

Present perfecf with for ond sfnce

foo . srnce .

years 1999
ages the 1960s
six months this morning
a long time 2p-
he was a child

Use the time expressions for and since with the Present perfect to
r fen /ears**_
talk about unfinished time. For" states the length of time and since is
used with the beginning of the time.
How long haae yu wot'ked het'e?
-->
since 2000

I'oe worked here for ten years.

I'ae worked bere fot' ages.
I'ae wot'ked here since 2000. t% t% t% t% t"", tuor t% t% t%
I'ue worked bere since I was 25. %%
Present perfect with yef and olready
Use already with the present perfect to emphasise that something
Affirmative Negative Question has happened before now.
I/You/We/They I/You/We/They HaveI/you/we The structure is au-xiliary + already + past participle. It is usually
have already eaten. haven't eaten yet. /they eaten yet? used in affirmative sentences.
He/She/It has He,/She/It hasn't Has helshe/it I'ue alread.y been to the bank.
already eaten. eaten yet. eaten yet? I'ae alread.y checked oar account.

Useyer with the present perfect to talk about something that has
not happened, but will probably happen soon.
rJse yet in negatives and questions . Yet goes at the end of the
sentence.
The money hasn't gone into my acclant yet.
Haae you paid the bills yet?

unit 7 Grammarfocus
@
Presenl perfect with for ond since
I Cornplete the sentences with.for or since.

t I've had this job 5 I've been u,orkinc- here a long timc.
z She's lnown him 20 years. o They haven't had anything to eat 6am.
3 \trre've r'vanted chilclren ages. 7 \Ve've the same
l.racl TV the 1990s.
+ I've liked travelling I n-ent on my first school 8 I haven't seen her clays.
trip.
-2002.
--- -
2 Complete the text r.ith dre present perfect or the past simple
-
form ofthe r-erb in brackets.
- -
Microu'aves (1) (1le) a popular time saver fbr -
I'ears. A.n American companv (2) (prcdtrce) the
first microwave in 1917 - it u-as almost 1.8 rnetres talll Fatnilies
(l) Qzsc) srnaller modern microwaves since the
1970s. But many people don't think it is safe. So, is micros,.aved
--
loodsafe?Tlreansu-eristye5,16'o,,(1)-(cook)the
food fbr dre right lengdr of time. -Nficrov'aves (5)
(}e)particrrlar:1vpopularsinceconrpanies(6)-(.rrazz,)
-
proclucing {reezer to rlicror.yave 'ready-rneals' in tl-re late 1980s.
TheUIt(7)-(}e)the1:rrgestErrrcipeanconSunef
of microu''ave ready rneals for years. But a report in 2008 (8)
- to etr lnore
(say) British people are no\4, starting
healthilr'.

Present perfect with yef ond already

\tririte the dialog'ues. Use nlrendl, and,ye t. 2 Correct the nristakes in these sentences.
A: you / pay /
the electricity bill? r Tom has lived iu Gertnany for he was a child.
B: no but I / / the u.ater bil1.
pav z Has Emrna got already rnarried?
A: r've / not hear / about that loan. 3 He hasn't done l-ris homeu-ork alreadl'.
B: I / call / the bank / ru.ice about it. + They have finished the book yesteldarr
A: rve / spend / all our nroney for this mondr. s She's worked here since three months.
B: oh dear, / vou / check / tl.re lottery ticket? o \Ve haven't done this alreadv.
A: our / railw'ay sh:rres / rnake / a profit.
B: good / but the rvater shares / r'rot irnprove.
A: you / have / the letter about your inheritance?
B: no, the solicitor / not send / anything.

G ra nr n-a llcl*a
E E # eq
€ Emc*
gEg Va
LJg L3
t4+::r:r'li!?r4:ijffiiii'J:a':i:r:"iil::1:: l

The pcssive Ys;ce

If we want to say who did the action we can use &y + agent.
Past passive The building was ilesigned in 200i fu a Jamous at'chitect.

Iam I was We use the passive u'hen we clo not know who did the action (the
You/We/They agent), or it is not important.
You/We/They
wefe M1t bag was stolen. (=I don't know w-ho stole it)
afe
A botnb was leji in the statiott. (= we don't know u'ho left the bomb)
He/She/It is He/ She/It was
Language note: the passive is more frequent in formal speech and
Form the passive with the verb t0 be + past participle.
writing.
Use the active voice to focus on the agent. (the person or thing
who does the action)
7gcnl artiuc ucrb objcrt
Zatti Haaia clesignerl the building.

LIse the passive voice to focus on the action'

The buildingwas designed in 2005.

Finst ecndirisncN
lJse uill, might or can tn the rlain clause:
. uill: the speaker thinks it's likely that the sinradon will happen
+ present sirnple I/you, etc.
. m.ight: the speaker is not sure that the situation will happen
will/can/might o can: the speaker is not sure if it u'i1l happen or not
(not) + verb
The zf clause can be the first or second clause in the sentence'
If we take the train, we'll en1o1, the.jottnzey more.
Use the first conditional to talk about a possible future situation.
We'll enio1, the joutney tnore if ue take the truitt.
lf ir is bad weathe4 I'll watch TV But if it's sunny, I'll go to the be ach

Seesnd eonditionsl
If I didn't ha"te t0 wlrk, I'd go ro the bench today.
zlf clause Main clause (But I have to work so I won't go to dre beach)
If + past simple I / you, etc. If I had lots of m.on.ey, I could fi'aael round the worltl.
wo'uld / could (not) (I don't have lots of money and it's unlikely that I rvill have lots of
+ verb money in dre future)

Use the second conditional to talk about an unreal {irture Language note: we someiimes say If I were instead of /f /
sinration. It is unlikely or almost impossible that the situaticin will was- Both verbs are correct. Were is especially common in the
happen. expression lf I were you . " . when giving somebody advice.

-:3Sralr:::iarf+ci:s
,rt
il;:qt # 3 "u_ ji e?,1:

+l
I ne pgsst\re votce
I \Vrite about eight nodern buildings. L.lse dre present or past
passive. Sometimes you need y'y.

t The Enrpire State Building in Neu. York / use / in the King Kong
film.
z The fil'o Emirates Tou,.ers in Dubai / connect to / a huge
siropping centre.
: 30 St Mary Are in London / call / 'the Gherkin' / Londoners.
+ Sydney Opera House / b:utld / to look like a ship.
s The Guggenheim N{useum in Bilbao / often / compare / to a
fish or water.
o The Petronas Towers in I(uala Lumpur / occupv / international
companies.
z The r-rewJeu'ish Museum in Berlin,/ design / the architect
Daniel Libeskind.
s The Pompidou Centre in Paris / name / after a French
president.

? Rewrite these sentences with the passive so tl-rey mean the same.
\4 e sol.l our flrt last week.
Ow'.flnt uas sold last ueek.
t Somebody built the flats in the 1980s.
2 The1. call tlre br"rilding Hrmtingdon House .
3 Restaurants and caf6s surrouncl the building.
+ They painted the walls in our flat u.hite.
5 We put in a neu'' kitchen last year.

First condiriCIncl
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the first
conditior-ral.
t If I (g'inc) ,vou rnrr email address, If the weather (&e) nice, u'e (irz
(),ou / senA ne the details? / go) to the top of the tower.
2 I
-- (tall) the police if I him If fbr a meal, we ,--
(see) w-e Qo out) Qtc,t
again. httk to) g,, Food shopping.
She (nor listen) to him if l.re (not rell)
(not / tnn / get) on the bus. her the truth. - -
+ He (m,ight / take) you to the airport if he Ifthe internet (not work) again, I
-. (/:;r,) time. -
(contplain) to the companl,'.

-
Second condifional
-
I Cornplete the conr-ersation with the correct form of the n'Iatch the conditional sentences.
second conditional. 1 If J went to Arnerica, a we u.on't har-e to look for
A: What would you do (1) @' / you / be') ne? accomnrodation.
B: \4rel1, if I were in your shoes, (2) (I / go) on a 2 If we v'ent on the bus, b I'cl go to San Francisco.
long trip. Ifu'e take the credit card, c v'e s.on't have to take lots
C: I'd take a month's holidav tomorro$'
Yes, (3) -*, *-- (# of cash.
/ my boss / gi-oe / me) time off . 4 If I drxr't u-ear sandals, d my feet u.ill be too hot.
- (.1)
B: If I hacl the choice, I think (I / go / walking) 5 If we go camping', e u'c'd sar.e lots of monev.
in Neu. Zealantl, or Peru. 6 If I had a problern, f g'ould I'ou he$ me?
C: Yes, I'm sure I'd fbrget all my problerns (5) ---*--** (.tf /
I / do) something like that.
B:Perhapsy<lrrrbossu-tiu1dhelp(6)-(iJ./7ott/
exploin) everything to her.
 Ug-e* P
. -- -- @F1.=jr!n44!;SJ4t;+4i1E+ilr:ir;i::$1:j!.:l::r:1i!.r-:irr-:!ir:

--

Modol verbs of odvice

IJse should / shouldn't (+ infinitive without ro) to give advice and Ought to can be used instead of should but it is more formal. Should
make suggestions. is more common.
You sbould go to bed if yu don't feel well. You ought lo take att aspirin.

Yoa shouldnT read in poor light - it's bad for l,our e1es. Yon ougbt not to uttch TV without lour glasses.

We often use the structure I (don't) think with shoald. Must is similar to should but it is stronger and more definite (see
I d.on't tbink you shoald drink nny more. Grammar focus 5 page 140 for nrore onm.ust).
Not:@ You must take an aspirin.

Could f couldn't, had to / didn't hove to

(For modals of obligation and possibility in the present, see Use coultl / couldn,'t to talk about things that were possible or not
Grammar focus 5 page 140) possible in the past.
Wen I uas in hospital, I couldn't get out of bed.
IJse had to / didn't baae to to talk about past obligation.
We coald hne uisito't s in the aftentoon.
I had to take tablets for a long time.
I rlidn't baae to stay in hospital long.

Post perfect
With beJbre aLnd aJter, we can use the past simple instead of the
Affrrmative Negative Question past perfect as the order of events is clear.
I/You/HelShe I/You/He/She/It Had I/you/he Before I staned doing regilar spolt, I uns oztenteight.
/k/We/They /We/They had not / she/ tt/we/ they Before I stat'ted doing regulat' sport, I had been orLenL,eight.
had ('d) worked. (hadn't) worked. worked? The players celebmted ajler the match f.nA^hed.
The playert celebruted after the m.atch had Jinished.
Use the past perfect to talk about an event in the past that
Use the past participles been and gone in the same way as in the
happened before another event or a specific time in the past.
present perfect (see Grammar focus 5 page 140).
He ct ied because they had lost tbe m.ntch.
I hadn't been to a football match befot'e last Saturdal,. they had lost the match he cried
n^^+
.,,:,
; V
rdJt F*- E Present

Reported stqlements
Use reported statements to say what another person srid- ln reported statements other words can also change:
I'm. notfee ling well. He said thnt he wasn't feeling uell. . pronouns: 'We're m.eeting rfi my f.at.' *- He said that they
I'm goittgto the doctot"'s. **" He told me that he was going to go to uere meeting at his Jlat.
the doctot's. . places: 'I got het'e 4 tmin.' He said he had got ther.e by
-
In reported statements) the verb goes one tense back. o this / that: 'I'ae just bought this book.' *** He said he hnd just
bonghr tbat book.
. times: 'I m,et her last week.'* *-
He said he had met her tbe
present simple past simple weeh before.
'I like your new She said (that) she liked my new
hairstyle.' hairsryle. Be careful with say and tell:
present continuous past continuous
. we say something (to somebody)
'I' m gettittg married.' He said (that) he was gerting married.
. we tell somebody (about something)
present perfect past perfect The doctor told m,e I was stt'essed. I said. I kneu that.
'We'ae bought the She said (thrt) they had boztght the
tickets.' tickets.
past simple past perfect
'Imissed, the bus.' He sajd (that) he hnd m,issed the bus.
uill would
'I'l/ you later.'
see She said (that) she ur.tuLl see me 1ater.
am / is / are going to was/wer"e goingto
'I'm o:oing ro join a gvm. She said she uas goirtg ro ioin a gym.

Grammar focus
E E +F ,fb
Y L-q*rris*s
9

U*f;?

Modol verbs of sdvice

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to
the lirst. Use should or shouldn't.
I think you need to stop smoking. You don't drink enough water.
I tbink you should stop srnoking. I think you
t Don't worry about it You drink too much coffee.
You I don't think
z Co and see your duttr-,rr 5 Don't go to bed so 1ate.
You You

Could f couldn't, had to I didn't hsve to

Complete the text witb. could, couldn't, had to or didn't haue to.
Yesterday, I broke my ankle while I was running. I
(1) walk so I (2) phone my
girlfriend and she (3) take me to the hospital.
Luckily I (4) wait long for an X-ray. The doctor
put a bandage on my foot and said I (5) go
home. Unfortunately I (6) rnove for days and my
-
girlfriend (7) do -everything for me. The only good
thing was that I (8) - go to work.
-
-
Post perfect -
-
Join dre sentences. Use the past perfect.
t She ran 20 km. She was tired.
She was tired because
z I finished playrng tennis. I took a shower.
When
: The swimmer failed a drugs test. He lost his medal.
The swimmer lost his medal because
+ She was optimistic. She won the race.
Before she won the race,
s -. sent a player off. The team played with ten men.
The referee

ffi{" F
After
o She hurt another player. She paid a fine.
because
-.
-. stotements
Reported
Read the dialogue and report back the conversation between a

doctor and a patient.

D: Good morning. You're obviously having trouble with your She said thatI was obaiously bauing trouble uith nt1, ltltsle .

back. I told her that (1) and

P: Yes, I woke up this morning and I had problems getting out of
bed. She asked me if (2)
D: Have you had this problem before? I said drat (3)
P: No, I've never experienced that before. She said that (4)
D: OK, I'm just going to take a look. You'll feel a pain ... Then she told me that I (5)
P: Ou-l That hurtl ... But my back feels much better. I said that it (6) but that mv
back

Sramrnar f*eu$ :'iiiit

=
 '1 E aq 2
#*i?
+:*1.

1#

R a. . I "'
LFefi nrng refgflve -l-.--^-
crouses
Defir'ring relative clauses give rnore infbrmation about a person or He's the dotor who / that sared my ltfe.
a thing. Relatir.e ciauses are formed with that / u,hich to describe lt's sotnething which / that I don.'t like talking about.
tlrirrgs, z,/:o u.ith people and uhere u.ith places. I knou n good ltalinn restnu'ant ubet'e zue oJten go Jbr hr,nch.

Languagenote:wecanUsethafinSteadofwhoandwhichbutnoINot:
instead of where.

Se$ierire srfiel* {f&c}

Use the when a person or thing has beer-r referred to before. 'fhe ctnalso be used:
We'ae -found a neu^ fllt so we uere pnintirtg the Jlttt dl night.
last o u,hen it,s part of a superlative phrase
tJse the u,l.ren there is only one of this person or thing. or jt is clear Yn're the best thing that htrs haltpened to m.e.
which .ne it is. r when it is part of a name (such as a river)
My pat utts mtt the Queett ottte . tbe Mekong, the Black Sen, tbe Titaniq tbe Golden Gate Bridge
o for nationalities and groups in sociew
Language note: we use a / an (for singular nouns) or zero article the Britislt, tbe tmemplrryed
(for plural nouns) when we talk about things in general.
New Zealand is a country with many mountains, rivers and lakes-

Verb $qwm,g review

Present sirnple I work. See Gramrnar acttve The companv makes See Gratnrnar
focus 1 pas^e 132 CATS. focus 8 page 146

Present I'm working. See Grammar passlve J'he cars are made in See Granrmar
continuous focus 1 prge 132 Germany. focus 8 page 146

Past simple I u.orked. See Grammar first conditional If the bank gives me See Granmar
focus 3 page 136 a loan, I'll buy a small locus 8 page 146
second-hand car.
Past continuous I was rvorking. See Granmar
fbcus 3 page 136 second conditional If I had dre money, I'd See Clramm:rr
buy a fast sports car. focus 8 page 1:16
Present perfect I have worked. See Clrammar
fcrcus 5 page 140 modals: obligation can / can't See Grammar
& possibility must locus 5 page 1.10
Past perfect T had worked. See Grarnrnar (present) have to / didn't have to
focus 9 page 1rl8
rnodais: aclvice should / shouldn't, See Grammar
uill I will work. See Grarnrlar ought to / ought not to focus 9 page i.18
focus 4 page 138
modals: obligation ."rld See Grammar
90il1.9 t0 I am going to work. See Granmar & possibiliw had to^"nd*
/ didn't have to focr-rs 9 page 148
focus'l page 138 (past)

a ,l o-{
l4A*ra sfkttttkt
VVtaal
na!fira/

Use both to telk about nvo things. Borlr is used witl-r a plural nor.rn Use neither to say something negative about each of tw-o things
and a plnral verb. Neither ts used r'vith a singular noun and r.erb.
Both rnrs nre qttite old. Neither car is "-ery reliable.
Use both oJ'and neither o/u.ith a plural noun or pronoun.
Neitber of the cats is ecanomicd. Let's sell both of thern.

i.: i i',, a,, :,Jttai nftaf ;ili.i_;:li

0e$lming re$stive eisuses
Cornplete the dialogues wtth uho, u^hich, thdt or uhere .

r A: \{rl.ro'.s that? 4A: Where'.s the dictionary?

B: He'.s a chef has written lots of best-selling B:(lver there. It'.s the big blue book is on d.rat
cookerv books. shelf.
z A: Clan )'olr recommencl a hotel in Neu'Yt-rr-k? 5A: \d4ro were dre first Europeans there?
B: Yes, there's a good hotel \l-e stayed last vear. B: I think it was the \tkings sailed there first.
3 A: Hi, what'.s neu'? 6A: \Vhat's that big br.rilding there?
B:Well,Igotthe;ob-Itoldyoutrbout1asttirne.
- B: Oh, that's the new supermarket vou can
shop 24 hours.
-
h f. .. .. I t.t r
uefinrEe o!'frcre trneJ
Complete the sentences with n / an, the or nothing O.
Nen' South \4ra1es is (1) state in (2) south-east
ofAustralia. It is (3) oidest and n'rost populated state in
Australia and its capital Svdney is home to famoris
-, sights such as
(1)
-
Sydnev C)pera House. It has (5) ven'diverse
clinate w.ith hot sulnmers and cold u.inters. (6) state has
great iocations for visitors: (7) beautiftil beaches, national
-
parks and sno$T mountains.
-
-
Venb $srml review

Underline the correct verb.

t The lirst plane that had tr.t / u.uld be controlled in the eir r',zs
inxented / itn-tented in 1903.
z The plane Jlew / hns floun for 12 seconds.
: The \drright brothers uere mnkittg / had m,atle bicl'cles v.hen
the:y became / uere becoming interested in planes.
+ They huih / were buiklin.g the plane after they ha,-e r:atched / htd
wutched how birds fl1'.
s The biegest passenger plane, the Airbus Al80 made / is tntking
its first flight in 2005.
o Since then, several airlines haae ordered / had ordered A380s.
7 Airbus is planning / is going ta plan to produce an even bigger
plane in the near future.
s If er.erl.thing went / goes according to plan, the ner'v plane uill
be / is being nearly 80 rnetres long.

Soffi, rleif&er
Rewrite the sentences about two friends rsingboth / neither or both
oJ-/ neither of. Son-retimes more than one ans\\.er is possible.
t The tr'r,.o friends live in a big city.
z They aren't married.
: The friencls don't have a car.
+ Eacl.r friend ou,ns properry.
s The tu.o friends enjoy playing chess.
o Ther.'ve u.ritten books but their books haven't been published.
Unit I John is narriecl to .N{an', but you don't knov- her Unit 2
pcrsonalll-. So you ar.rd Mary have one degree
&t.sz of separation. Mary has a siste r, Jane. Jane and & t.tr
I Sorri', yes. I'Iv last name is Torrance. That's you havc tlr.o degrees of separation.Jane's Zao Shen is the gocl of thc kitchcn. He is a
T_O_R_R_A_N_C E. neighbour, let'.s call l-rim Robert, rvorks for a big figure in Chinese mvdrology. He *'atches
2 I live on Janssen Street. I'11 speil that for hotel ir-r the city centre. You antl liobert,Jane's farnilies ancl tells the othcr gods if a fan'fly is
you:J-A-NdoubleS E N ncig;hbour, have three degrees ofseparation. goocl or bed. He hls dre pou'er to make families
Iiobert doesn't or.n the l-rotel. He works for l'[r. rich or poor. Zao Shen also protects the home
3 \Vlite this dou-n. The nane of the state is
Srrith, the president. You and Mr Smidr ... fbur
K-E N 'l' U-C-K-Y. That's Kentuckrr from evil spirits. Many hornes in China, Tairvan
degrees of separatior"r. Nl[r Srnith, because hct and Southeast Asia have a picture ofZao Shen in
& t.os an owner of a big expensive l-rotel, he'.s often in
touch with irnportant pcoplc. He's iriends t'ith
tl-re kitchen.
1 A: Oh, when was this photo teken?
B: That one? Five vears ago, I think.
dre Anb:rssador for cxample. So you :rncl the & r.zo
Ambassaclor h:rr.e five deg;rees of separation. Human beings need water to live. A hurnan
A: Mrnmm. It! quite a good photo of you. Ard wel1, the Ambassador goes to New Yolk being can live lbr weeks wjthout fbod, but onlr'
B: I don't know. I don't think I lookcd good three times a year, and he knows the Secretary a fc*- days r.vithout rvatel. \Ye o{ten hcar that orir
with that beard. Gcncral of the United Natiorrs. So, if you make bodv is twr-r thirds u'atcr, but rvhat cxactly does
A: I think vou look nicc anc1, nrnm, all the right connections it means that t-ou and v'ater do to help the hurnan body?
intelligent. the Secrctary General of the United Nations \,\'rater helps to protect impoltant p:rrts of the
have six degrees of separation. bod_v, such :rs the cyes. The brain is 75% lvater'.
@wt \\,'e also need s'ater to breathe, and to kecp
2 A: Hov-'s thc baby? &r.ta our bodv temperature normal. \drater carries
B: C)l-r,z-czrr. Great. A: \trrhatareyoudoing? nutrients lnd orl.gen to all parts ofthe body.
A: It's a'shc', righti B: So, rvhat do you do? Blood is, in fact,92ok water. In addition, r.vater
B: \-es, yes. I'11 sl-rolv t'ou a photo. She looks C: Excuse me, u.e're trying to u'ork. helps to conver:t lbod into energl'and removes
like her father. D: You're not listeningl waste from the bod1.. It is also ver--l- good for a
person'.s sLin. Even the trones in our body arc
A: Oh, yeal.r, bald just like her dadl tlow old E: How's it going?
made up of 22% v,ater.
is she?
B: Six months nclr'l'. &t.tt The hurnan bodv gets \4.ater not only fi'on
v.ater itsclfbut also from other drinks and food.
A: She looks rerlly l-rappr,'. Shet got a great 1 A: Hello.
B: Hello. \Vater is a rnajor part of rnany foods, p',rrticularll
srmle.
A: First time hcre? fruit and r-egetables, vhich may contain from
& t.as B: Sorrvi
85 to 9,5% n'ater. Becalrse the :rmount of $-ater
u'e need mlv change u'ith clirnete, level of
3 A: Who'.s this a photo ofl A: I said, is this vour first tirnc hele? At the acti\.ity, diet and othcr fictors, therc is no onc
B: I)on't you knov'? It'.s Bellal conference. recornmendation for hov, rnuch dailv u'ater you
A: Bella? Oh yesl She looks so different B: Yes.Yes. need to drink. Hov'ever, adults tyrically need at
her:e. Hou' long ago was this? A: \Vell, hcllo. -N{v narne's Georgc. lcast two litres (eight cups) ofu.ater: a da1-,lrom
B: At the errd of urrirtr>iq. B: Hi Georg;e. Nice to meet you. all sources.
A: \\bv.. Her hair wrs much longer then,
and so cu'rly. &t.tz @t.zs
2 A: C)l-r, look at the tirne. It'.s gctting- late. I A: Good evening.
W tat B: \d,hrt time is it? B: Hello. It's a table for two, please. We've
4 A: \\'rhet does tl-re suspect look like? A: Elevcn o'clock. And I have a class got a resen'ation.
A: I can't hcar you. \Aftat does the suspect tonlorros'. A: Namci
look like?
B: Oh. \Ve11, C)K tl.rer.r. B: -Vloore, thatt M - double ()-I{-E.
B: Tl-re suspect is a v'l.rite, older man.
A: Thanks for everything.
Yes. A: Ah, yes. Just this u'ay-.
A: Anlthing else? B: No problern. A: Nov., u.hat would you like to order?
B: Just a seconcl ... yes. He's got g;rey hair A: Goodnigl-rt. C: I'11 have dre fish.
and a moustache. B:
B: Bye. Just a ninute. I haven't seen everydring
A: \Vhat kind ofcar does he drive? on the menu yet.
B: An old u.hite \iolvo. @ t.tr C: Sorry., theu can u'e h:rve another minute
A: Tl-ranks. 3 A: And this is frorn ne. to decide?

&w
I Pilar is my Spanish neighbour. Shek on
B: Awll'.
B: Oh rny...
A:
@t"za
C)f course.

v:rcation in -Nlexico, and I've got her cat and A: It'.s a dogl Isi-r't that great?
2 A: Here you go. Anyd-ring to drink?
her plants. B: Er, 1'g5. A dog. Thankyou verymuch.
B: Sor4', I think there's a mrstake here. I
2 OK, I{ans. Ilans ancl I aren't really friends. A: You're welcorne. Happv birthday.
rvanted a hamburger, not a hot dog.
He's more of an acquaintance. IIe's director
of the German department. &r,rq A: OK, sorry. Just a mir.rutc. One
hamburger', please.
3 l(en is a colleagle of mine at tl-re universiqr 4 A: IIelio? Oh hi, listcn I'ni on the train. It's
not a good tirne rigl-rt nor'. .. B: Thanks.
He teaches French, and I teach (]erman.
B: Hey! A: Arything to ddnk?
4 I take a computer class in the cven:ing. Solia
B: Uh... A diet Coke, please.
is my classmate. A: \lrait a minute . .. Oh, I'm sorry I didn't

seeyou and ... A: Small, mediurn or large?

@ws
-I-he
B: That's all right. B: Small, please.
theory of Six Degrees of Separation u.orks A: Here, let me help you v'ith your bag.
like this. Imag;ir-re you and John are collcagucs. B: No. itl fine.

Ptia,atc-'ti
& t.z.s
In the nileteen-t$,enties souncl recording rnet
film. The first filns rvith sourcl u.cre callccl
A: Ancl thrt thcrc should be rror:e spi.lcc
firr filns fi'orn arountl the rircrlcl.,\{ore
3 A: -\{ore coffeel 't:rlLing pictures'. 'lor:ld cincma'.
B: N-.o thanks, I'm Fne. Tn 1 962 the company Philips introduced thc B: F,xactlr'. There are lots ol grc:rt fiJns
A: Did rou enjoy 1'our lrreakfast? :mclio c'essette tape plaver. C)ne \-car l:rtcr the from othel cornrtrics, but u e onlv see
B: lt u,.as Iovelr,, tlranks. first discothequc in A.rnerjce oper-red rn Los ouf o\\n Americrn films hele. Ald T
A: Goocl. Angeles. clon't tl-rink tl-rat's right.
B: Cotrld T have the biil? The seventies lncl eigl-rties snr. thc inooductiort A: I lgree r.ith,vou tl.rere,.John. So r'r.hat
A: lbu har,c to pav over there for the buftet of \TIS viclco, cassette l\r:rlknan ar-rd CD. Thc ftlrns tlr lrru think r'r'e shoultl see?
sen icc. Cl) rorrlutioniscd tl'Le music industry B: \Vell ...
lt was in the earlr. nineties that t{igital nusic rnrl
B:
A:
Sorrv, where?
Over therc, nert to the plants and the r'ideo appeared. In I996 the first disital music & t.cd
cxit sign.
player was sold in-[apan. One vcar later the 3 A: \\ ltrtL.tlrortt tlti',,rt.i
B: ( )h. I cee it. Thinl,. agrrin.
first.\'IPl plaler carne out. llut it uasn't trntil B: \\tat, a nrusic:rl?
thc bcginning of dre 2 1" centula' that digital A: I Lnol,vou thirrk tl-ret rnusicirls erc
A: Yru're v'elcorle. niusic and I{P-l pla,vers realJr- beqln to beconre tcrribl c.
popular. L'r 2001 Apple rcleased thc llrst iPod, a Ii:
Wt.zt portable i\lP3 pJaver. '\bsolutelv, 1'ou'rc
are au.illl
rbsoluteh- right. The,r'
I Nlo. Iran 'l'l-re history ofsound recording has rlrvavs bccn
'-[\pical traditionrl Persian tbod. It consists A: \\rcll, mavbe but ... I read tl-is one rvas
to nrakc dcviccs that :rrc smeller, but contiin different. \.\t ahvtvs see the same lilnrs
of ricc and rninccd Iirnb, Lebebs and mole souncl.'l'he first record plar.'ed for onlt'six a r 11-\1.i1\-.
chickens rnd dried fruit. rninutes ancl needed a lalge machine to plru'it
on. TI.re current ge ncrlltion of music plavers go
B: Oh plcase. V\'re see lots of clifTerent fiLrs.
Wt.zs in 1-our pocket and can hold more drar-r 15,000
Last rveek v-c sru. e Frencl'r film.
2 ()ianfranco, ltelv
songs, r'ideo ancl photogrrrphs. A: Fine, voLr choose tl-re D\J) thcn.
Pizza. (J{ course notPizza Hut but Napoli
pizza. les, pizza, lasaene ancl past:r. & t.cz Unit 4

& t.zs
\Irrri, lt,r.,rl\\J\\ Ir((lr .r \cr\ irlrl.)',rtrilt
of lilrn and teler.ision. A fihn can be conpletelr,'
l)iil-l & t.at
3 L,lenr, Ilr.rssie trirnsfirrmcil dcpending on the kjncl of rnusic A: ...?
Borsch - it's r-cry rntcrcsting it! like a l',OLr LlSe.
B: OIi, u'e11. trIv n,ure'.s Josh Cross ar-rd this is
salacl. But it'.s boi]ed in s'rtcr, I clon't lcrou; For cx:rmplc, if you want the audience to ficl Helle Hanscn.
u.ith beetroot, ri,itl-r onion, potato, rvith sc:rrecl ltou w2urt to Lrse some kind of tension C: Hi.
rreat, or rra,vbe l'idr chickcn, or rral'be witl-r rnusic. FTere is an exarnple of rlusic that makcs B: And ... t'cll. u'e're 'lid rvorkcrs rvith the
rurke1'. \i:al-r rnd itls velv tast1, realh.. people feel tense or scered. It uscs violins plaved l)anish olqanisation trIiler-re Nielscn
on a ven- high note and rerr- tpricirlv. Foundation. Helle, do 1-or1 s,xnt to. . . s:i\-
@ t.eo
Clcntlc music is gootl fbr maLing:rn audience sorlrething about it?
4 N'larlies, Genn:rnv
feel calm and safe. I r.rse auitlr, violin or evcn C: It! startinq t neu projcct in Cludtenlttla rtcxt
A schnitzel tlish. It'.s kind of a ncat, it's fiied piano. This kincl of music is goocl u'ith love nonth. \\re're going to be in e small villege
and you most often have it r.vitl-r French frics scen es.
and salad or potato salad l.hich is r:rther B: Ir ,h" r.r,r.,n,"ina.
I sorretimes use choral rnusic fbr ccrtain specill
lrl'icrl,,f f ,crntntt f,,,,J rtqrtin. scenes, or to rnake people f'ccl sad. I use tl-ris firr C: In the mountains. lt'.s :r very poor place.
& r.rr wl-ren a character dies in a filn.
Finally, sonretimes inclividurl charlcters or
A: ...?
5 ,\'Iatt, LTS C: l\is'pe goine to wrrk rvith thc chilclren therc
icleas in fihn have theil orvn kind o{rrusic.
:r
B: l3:rsicallr', u,e're eoing to be responsible
Candy rnakes ne think of homc.'lhere are
I did thc music fcrr thc l}'itish television
lbr thc children during the day. Plaving,
ccrtain cancll. brencls that wl-rer-rer.er I scc
progr:alnlne Robin Hool, antl er.ery tirle thc
therri thel' rcrlind me of rny childhood and coohing.. .
character ofRobin appears you hear this kind of
thev remincl nre of grou.ing up in the United
rnusic. It uses tmmpets, rvl-rich are elrvals g'ood
C: Clcaning ...
Strtes-
instrurnents fbr heroes. A: ...?
&r.v In thc past, to record the music fcrr a film, the
olchestra usetl to play in front of l large screen
B: I'm :r tcacher olisinalll-, ar-rd
background in child psvcholog'l: \\rc botl-r
Hellc has'.r
6 Sonia, Spain u.antcil to l-relp people.
showir-rg the rnor.ie, so the conposer cor-rld gct
Spanisl-rtortilla rnakcs me think of homc antl C: I ltll in lovc rvith Clu:ltentele $.hcr I \\'as
dre tirningJ just right. Nou'u'ith cornputers, it
that's vcry tvpical lnsu.er but I thinl< it is
a
thcrc on a l-rolidav nvo vears ago.'l'he people
isn't so EverJthing is much easier, rud
r-recessarr,'.
a verv simple dish v.hich is macle h'orr eglgs
u,e do a lot o{the rvork in tl-re stuclio. are friencllv:rncl the countrv is beautiful. I
and potatocs ancl itl rnade like anr- otlrer rerrernbcr thinking: 'I'm corning back hele
tortilla. &bt.ca onc clal'.'
Unit 3
I A: So, ll.hat did vou tl-rink? B: lt's g'oir-rg to be rr.r1'lirst tin-re in Gualcn-rela.
B: I don't knovi l{orror 1ilns, v'cll, they I'rr looking forri,lrcl to going on this tr4)
& t.ra should be thrilline, you linow, be a bit
scar\,, C:
verv tnucl-r.
Yeah. nrc too.
In 1877. Thomas Eclison made or-re of thc first
evcr sounc[ recordings. Edrson prcdicted tl-rat A: I think so too. A: ...?
sound recordii-rgs u.ould be used fbr oflice B: A.r-rd tl-rat film u.asn't. B: Goocl questioll. I guess I lr.ould sal'that
dictati on, speaking books, eclucation, talLing A: Oh come on, it u'as. hope is tl-re most important thrng.If lou
clocl<s and music. B: No, I don't agree. It \\'as not scan: dor't h:rve hope, \-ou clon't har.c ant,thing.
In 1901, the first recorcls rvere releasecl u'ith C: \i:s, tl-ris rs espccialll' true v-hen vou're
rccorclings or.r botl-r sides. People used to listen & t.as r.rorkir"rg u.ith people r.r.ho l.rar.e, reall.l', /os/
to these on recorcl players called gramophoncs. 2 A: Nov, vou believc that there are too hope. If you l-rave hope, * ell that helps 1ou
manv big buclget action lihns in the keep going.
cinema.
B: Thatt rieht. 1.; ;:ili::r::::-:il
A: ...? Unit 5
B: 'l'l-r:u-rlis. \\te'11 let \.or kror'- hot it goes
%l.ss
3 A: Clen I l-re$ r'ou? 4& l.os
C: Thank r'ou. B: \es, tl-ranks. L,rn, I ... I'r.c missccl rn\- I Oh. hello, good to scc you. Listen,
train. Clelr I usc this ticket for the nert
%t.sz tr,,lin
scimcbodl- h:rs to uork this Sanrrdat-
A: ,1tt Lron.-enient Tizth? Tsn't that a
?
rnorning. Susan has called in sick. Nou, I
clocurncntln'frlm a feu years rgo'.rbout A: \'cs, 1ou cln. Thc next tl':rin is tl-re six knou. that vou'r-c grrrkcrl cvcry Sanrrday this
qlobal u.lrmir.rgi No, I heven't seeir it, no. o'clock fast train. \'rru'll ;rcccl to p:ry ur rnonth, l)ut there isn't anyone else.'fhat all
I lr.rr,l ir u rrr irrtclerrirrg. ertrr tcn euros firt that. Or yoll c:ln tilie rightj Vru crn tlkc next Sarlrr(l:ry off.
tlrc 'ir ritir rr:rin,rnrl \rlu ilun r lril\c r')
B: \\rell. of coursc I kneu lbout qlrbll r'':rnninq
r bit betirre I snl the {ilnr . . , but, rr,cll . . ..
pa1- rnvti'Ling ertra. % t.o*
u ou. I nrean, it rcirllv mlkcs me thinL
B: OIi, I'll take thc six lif'tr' trair-r tl-ren. 2 Excuse nrei Yes, come here, please. Now, I
Thank r-ou. clon't krorv if anvbocly told vrm, but u'c hln-e
rbout u'h;rt I'rn eoing'to do. If u.c clon't dcr
A: \bn're u elcotne. a tlress cocle here. L,mplovees ]]rustn't u'ear
sonrething nou', l.e'll h:rr-c scrious problens
jeans to rvorli. Itls not allou'ed. \bu clon't
in the frrtrrre.
C: AII I $,rnt to srr\- is tlut I sal.this film. It %t.so havc to u.car:r jackct:rnd tie, but try to be :r
\\':rs.J c^l'eitt clocurnentata,, aucl it'.s r.cry vcn-
I A: r\re vou read\- to ortler? little bit morc iblnral.
irr portirnt. B: \ts. I'll hrve r salacl.
2 \: I .lou't LrnJulrt,rn.l rlil'. %t.os
D: C)l-r, i'es I rerrerrber this liln. I sru.it
after: 3 No, no, \O. Hol. nrrrnv tirnes clo I hl e to
AI Clorr $'on the Nobel Perce Prize. I B: That! rrll rieht. I'll l-re$ rou. sav this? \?ru rzni usc the ccintputer to seud
lernit a lot. Tt u.as tlif-fcrent frorr a usual 3 A: iltc rtert tr',rin is in nretttr rnirrrrt... pri! rte emails lnd rrtu ar 't scnd pcrsonal
llollvu'ood fiLn. B: Shrll $.c trlke it or u,ait? mcssaqcs to each other on the cornputer. \iru
E: I didn't likc it.'l'hcsc kinds of docunrcntan' ,[ A: Here, let rrc tirlie thosc brgs. ,l:e on conll)any tirne, :rncl you rilust respe i
dlrrr. rr. rrlu:rr 'l ightcninq. \rrd
:rrrr rr,rr.
B: 'l'h:rnks. but it'.s OK. I'11 carn. thcn. that tirnc. That rneans -uor*zr!, el erl'b0cl1;
u'lren this climate changc happens, T'11 tre and rutt ttlking.
deacl. So I clon't llrrnt to $on'\'rrbout it nor,r,. %t.sr %t"tt
F: I halen't but nn'son sirrv this fi1rr at scJ'rool, I Abclul, Libya
in his ecogrrrph'r,clrrss. He u,as telkinq ;l It'.s OK, 1'ou knou'. Of course vou can go on
Actrrallr- I'nr lcarnins L,nglish bccause it u'ill
about it all eyenina. IJe sard: "You'll thinl be helpful for rnr career. vour lunch break nou,. You clrn't have to
dilTcrentlv eftcr \-or.r scc it." I think it'.s qoocl corr.re in to nrt. ofhce ancl ask rne every tinre.
th'lt he lerrns about tiris lJncl of thinq at ffi l"se I like to keep thines ir.rfirrmal arountl here,
:rncl rs lonq ils cr-e1f.-orle cloes tl.reir u'ork tiren
sch ool. 2 01g;a, Russia
I don't see r problcm..\11 r:ight? By the u'at,
['nr Iearning English bec:rusc first of lll
&t.ss I wrrnt to be ir tcacher of F.nqlisl-r in mv
I rccornmcnd the Itllian restrurant oll thc
1 A: Ol-r. Look at tl-re tirne. I{r' tr:rrr.r1s lelvinpl
c0Lln tn..
corner if you clon't knol uhere to go.fer.J,
SOON. good pasta.
B: I %t.sq
A:
Shall pav for thcse?
'l'h.rt u,oulcl be grear. 3 llert, Tirrhey & t"es
Goocl afiernoon. r\'Iv narne is Robcrt \lacartlrur.
B: OK. \.\rrit. I clon't have enorrq'h fbr botl.r I u,,rrl,l likc tu rr.r'L tirr ',nl( contl)tnie\ lnil I'rn I.rere to talk to vou about the serious
rif thcnr. u,ho work in Clalreda and USA ancl thel' IeisLrre pelspective,
A: I{old on. Ifo* rnuch is iti ttcq,l t'<allr r,,,,,1 I rrpljrh rkill.,rlrJ I lr,rr. 'I'he serious leisule perspectivc cornes fiorn
B: 51.75. tli spelk Enqlisl-r velr- u ell end to x.ork lbr
thc cxpcrt o:r leisure, Robert Stebbins, at thc
A: I'11 pll fbr it. I leleis fir'e. I re'allt' havc tcr thern.
Universiq' of Calqarv ir.r Clanaclrr. Hc has been

B:
go non,though.
Thanks rgril. Havc :t g;oocl trip, and sce
&
.1
t.os r.r'orking; on this theon' since 197.1. r\ccorcling tcr
Stebbir-rs. there'.rre t$o rnain tbrnrs of lcisurc:
Nlilt Srrutli ,A.rrrbi,r
vou next -\{onda\'l cirsual leisurc :rnd serious leisure.
\\rell I believe thrt linglisl-r is verr- inportrnt
A: Bvel See vou trIonclari
nol.lda\-s rls \()u cannot contiluc stucl1-ing
Cl:rsull leisure is just tl-ret, casual. Sitting about irt
honrc is cirsuirl lcisule. Doing nothine is casual
l.ithout using Englisir trec:rrrse it'.s thc
%l.s* internation:rl 1'rng;uage nciu.rda \rs.
Ieisure. \\irtcl-ring tclo'ision, r:eadirrp; a book.
2 A: Hcr.-l \\t:rt tirnc do 1ou nccd to qct tc) llalbe just going fbr a u,alL or chatting rvith

B:
tI-re airporti
I'rn pllnr.rir.rg to be there tu'o hours
&l"ot friencls or.er clinner. People enjov doing- thcsc
rrctivities bec:lusc thcl'ficl goocl, because thev're
5 ,A.rthur, Iirrrnce
belbre tl're flight. \\'l'rr-i rcl:rrittg. lrc( rll\( I hr\'rr flilr.
I anr le'arr.ring English becluse I love it.
A: \\'ell, lcxrk at the tirne. l-he lirport truin I lor-c thel}rqlish culturc, the .\nericen Fot nenr- cif us hcre in Anericr, leisure has :r

lr'lt r': in lir t nrittttt.>. tultrrrq. it. rttoric, it: iltu.ic. bed reput,rtion bccausc it's not u'orli. \\re live in
B: C)h no. a sociefi, that says uork is nore import;rnt thrn
& -.-
A: I'rrr sorrr,, \\'e \\'ere tillrjng rnd I dicln't w t.6z Ici.ttrc l'.clrtse leisulc i' lrrzr.
see the tinre... 6 Dain. South Korel But therc is rnother lirrrn of leisurc. callecl
\el i'rlt\ lci\llre. SrIiutrs lcisrr|.c rr'riririr': rrrr'
B: No, clon't u.ornr I . . . J v.on't tlke the English is a urcrld lrngrage so ne ncccl tci
train. I'll tllie a tlri. studr- Enelish. Itls essentiel. And personalh' acti\.ities r'r'hich leed to personll der.eloprnent.
A: I $.:urt to be a politicirn or I uent to bc a Doing :r spor t reqrrJarlr-, like o'clinq, running,
-{ taril'lhc1-'re cprite e.rpensive. Let me
cirivc vou to thc ajrport. diplonlt, tfiich nl'llthcr u'ants. So I think sLiing, or snirnming lrc cxanrples ofserious
llnjtlisl-I is the nlost importrnt thine firr a leisur e.
B: Reallyi That rvould be grert.'-['hanks.
politician or a diplornat so th.rtls u'h1 l anr Serious leisr:re;rctivitics cirn also inclucle mai<ins
.\: \,' pri'l'l,rrt. \\'r' r':ttt (urrlirruc ost' rur,l\ inq l- rrelirh irr Britrirt rrurr. thing'. sp rr,llcrrirrg t]rinsr. H, r'.. lirr trar rplc.
con|ersition in the crrr. is an irnaqe of a l,ebsite firr collectors ofrubber
ducks. Thjs is funnt', \'es, but an eramplc of
serious leisure too.
Fina]11-, serious leisure c:rn mcan r.olunteer l ork.
81- voluntcer x.ork, T tnean unpaid rrrrk hclpinl
pcoplc othcr than \trur firril1,. For eurnple, - enouqh to get lne to Los '$g;eles ancl tcr A: 'l'hc l:rptopls uone clol n agrinl
v.rllrnteering in a local l-rospital. (Jr ir-r a school. l,rok tb| u !,rl l: rln rtct{ )r. B: Did vou save rlur u orki
C)r in a home fbr old peoplc. A: No.
I believe serious leisure is inportent becausc jt'.s % r.os
B: \bu sl-rould reallr- b.rck up ,rll i our ri'ork.
fun, ves, but it also satislles r ncetl in us, it crn 2 l{en.v people thinl rnl'rvork is just
I ahr.al,-s do.
change our lir,es. diszusting, but I think it'.s rnteresting. I
spencl ell drv u,orkinq- in pcoplet rubbish.
A: Grert ...Thanks firr the lch ice.
And nou., movinq on to m1- os.n rcse:rrch ...

% t.rs
It's not as bad as you think. Not alrvays,
2p11r,11'. I often l.ork at a ci$'landfill, vou
&r.lr
kr.rorv, the phce u.here thel' put all the
5 A: OK. t'e:t,h to rlu tlti'j
1 A: l{ight. Hello agrin for corring.
ancl th':rnks
B: Yep. Delinitelr':
Tl-re purpose of todav'.s mccting is to give lubbish. Sornetimes I snrdv specific l:incls
vou all the infcrrmttion about ... of rubbish. I'nr finishing a projcct rt the A: I,'irst, click on this button he re.
B: Flxcuse n.re. Clor-rld I just ask a qucstion?
nloment on ofEce rubbish: paper, plestic. B: OK... done.
that kjnd of tl-ring. C)ffice rubbish is tnuch A: Nov. krg or.t to tl'rc system.
A: \-es, I{rs Drvies. lcss clisgusting than restaurant rubbish. That
B: \Il'son clocsn't have lll tl-re books vet. Is
B: \\hat?
lves last veark project.
this :r problem? A: Log or-r. 1i'pe in vour usernatnc ancl

A: Not at e11. \\re can t:rlk about the books &:.or R:

passrvorcl.
Oh-
ir iust a mome nt. 1 r.r.rn'.ebar-.it, thatt I-T for Italri
C: Clan I add that rrrr daughtel doesn't h:rr-c 2 132.l@hotmail.corr A: \\l.rat)
the books eithcr?'fhey haven't arrir.ccl. 3 u,lry'.laceLrook.corr B: T can't renrember rnt'passrvordl
A: Thankl'ou, \Ir Brol'n. Pletse clon't 4 rvrvr..itt.com/enq-lish
u,,ila ilr()ril it n,,*... 5 Jrsor-17@gmail.corn
%z.ts
A: Hi, crcusc me. I noticed vour beg. r\re vou
%l.re 6 l u,w.mYsplce.com goir-rg to tl-re Technologv conf'erencc?
2 A: And T think r.ou u,ill find that the 7 umTiamazon.cle, not corn, D-F.... B: That! rieht.
strrting' s:rhr| is z,er1, good. 8 sean@vahoo.co.uk, that! S-E-A-N :rtY-A- A: Me rdol C,,rrld uc rh,-rrc r trrii
B: lts. Thank r-ou. NIer, I esk rbout H-O-O dot C-O dot U I{ B: Sure.
u,orlcing hours againi I'nr not stLre thirt A: The conf-erence centrc, plc:rse.
I understoocl. \\hrt tirrc tlo rrru expect %t.CIs
I A: C)K. Tr- nor.v. C: OK.
nc to rl'rive in the rr-rorning)
B: \o. Ir\ 'till not uurkirrg. A: Heve vou been to Srn Francisco betbrcl
A: Seven o'cloch.
B: Er,.rro. No T haven't.
B: Finc. Scyen o'clocli.'I'h'at'.s eallt: A: Nothing? Clan vor see anything on the
screen? A, SAW6j$.ii!|!i Nicc r'.eatl.rer'.
A: \\re need pec4lle earlv in tl'rc rnorning to
B: Ntrn.
talk to our Europcar.r ofEces.
B: \'es. But rvhcn I click on thc interilet

B: Of course.
button nothinq- htppens. A: r\{t' narnct Frank, bv thc u.tr'.
A: Is tl-rere a pr:oblem?
A: i\ntl nou.? B: \ice lo r)c(r \uu. Clarr,lia.
B: Yesl It\ worHng ntxr.. Oh thnnli 1,ou thnil A: Hi Cllautlir. V\l-rere arc trru frorr. C]ruJ:,r.
B: No, not at all. Not at all. \ hat did vou doi
-),01r. B: l-rmkflrt.
ffi t"rs A: Tl-re c:rble was old. I tooh a nen'cable
tncl connectecl jt up to thc intcrnet
A: \\rorv. Frankfurt. \iru clon't har-e rr C;cr::::::
3 A: OK, so the next itcrn on thc apJenda is ... g:l1n.
lccent at all.
a
B: Clirn I sar- somcthing herei B: T u.cnt to scl-rool in Englrrnd.
A: Is it about l-ages? F# Z,Uy A: &i$i&ii; lt'"lt, I'm Fhglish s' ... I ::-..
B: No, it isn't. thatls norm:ri.
2 A: So, tell n're the problern ag:rin?
A: i\11 rieht then. Becausc rvc arcn't telkins B: Yes, I guess.
B: OK, rvhen I tr1'to print out a docllnrent
irlrollt uJL(. irr tlrir ttteetirtg. the colrputer pr:ints out a dif/brcnt A: So ... do you l.ork lcl ABT TLchl, .-
B: (lan I just sav drat tl-re clress codc v-e clocurlert. B: \cs. I u ur:k irr rh. Franklirrr ',1i.. .

have nou. is tcrrible. Terrible. A: You meen, not the one vou rvant to mv first conl'erencc.
A: 'l'hank vou, Drvid. print? A: ()h, l'ru buclt t',1()t.ul r,,t l.tt-. '
B: I hntc thcse ties. B: 'I'h'at'.s rigl-rt. vcn' boring lrou kne11'.
A: I ln'rorv ... rvhich is rvhv *-c'rc tellcng' A: I Iave votr tlied ...
B: Realh';'
ebout a chanq^e in the clress code. B: I'r.c trietl everythinlil A: OI-r 1'es.Thc s'orst part is lirrcn:::. :

B: Can I :rlso mention that thc trolrsers :ll:e l)r'eriJenl. Lrncc Tilulrl: ..
sct t r:tcom.jbrtt b I e. %tlo B: Reall1'?
J A: \,,, rro, ir! OK, thr r'ottlpttr, t'Pcrtott i: A: Gosh ycs. His talks are so b, ,::: -. . ':
Unit & here nol'. \bu're here . o'ening par6- is quite gooJ. I) .

B: Yes? !\hat's tl-re problern? parties:

% a*: A: \\''ell, I trl to open lny cmail ... and ... I B: No, not rellh'.
I I .liJ ilrit llst rrrrrrrrr,r-. Tr ir,ts rrn illlqplstitttl get this. {: .Ur. Me neiLher. \, 'i 'c., ..
part-time .job nruch moLc interesting than
the other jobs I've hacl. There u'ere 1-5 r.rf
B: LTrg ... r-r,rk. B: TlLanlcs, Frank.
us in total. The stuLlv was ir Tex:rs lnd the A: Ye':rh. Disgusting;, huh? A: \orr're rrelt,,tttc. V. ), . -
scientists were lookiirg:tt the efl'ects o{no B: \-eah. OI(. Shut dou.n the computer and conference l-iotell
grar-ifi- on the hrunln bodr,-. For the stuclr' leave rt. B: No, I'rr not.
rvc hrd to stay in bed iirr 15 clays. Er.en- dav A: Is it l virus or son)ething? A: Hr. Neither am I. lr - - '

the scientists put us in r special rnachine that B: I'rn afi'aid so. hotcli
turncd us around ancl around upside dourr B: I er... I clon't lnor,. ( ):
fbr ar.r hour reallv quickll'. I felt like rnv %E.ll h usbrn r1.
brlin u,as in mv stomlch lfter the first dar'. 4 A: Oh r-ro. Nol
But . . . at the end of thc project I got $(r,000 B: \A'hat'.s rvrolrg?
A: Oh.Oh. A: A hundred and fifty,i Thatls erpensive. B: Rightl It was used in the film P9'r*0.
B: Lance, this is Fmnk. Frank, this is my B: Ycru can have it for a l.runtlred and A: Hokl on, thc guide says ... tl-ris is
husband Lancc. tu entv-Iivc. probably one of the rnost well-known
A: Oh...l}:... A: A hundred rnd ten? lilrn set houses in Holl1-woocl history.
B: Sorn', no. A hurclred and rq,enty-five. The old house and motel next to it u'erc
D: Nice to meet vou, Flank. Ghd vou could be
built originally for the Hitchcock film
here. A: No thanks. I'11 leave it. Py'cho tn the 1960s.
A: I{i. B: OKI C)KI A hundred and ten. B: Mrnm.
&z.to &z.st A: Sometines, at Hallorveen, the house and
I Honor, Englancl 2 A: Hcllo. C:rn I help r uui motel are opened for thc public to corle
I think tlat the most useful technical and stay.
B: Clan I have sone of these, please?
adr.ancc for ne has been the internet, 1.es, A: \4rhich ones, love? B: Brrr. Staying at this place on llalloween?
because I can do things like booking tickets No thank you.
B: The red and v'hite ones. They'll look
and so fortl-r.
nice in the living; roon'r. & z.qt
&z.v A: Right. llere vou are. Three pounds.
B: T1-rarrk.vou.
3 \Vell, v.elcome to Bran Castle, one of the
rnost fimous castles in Romania. The
2 i\rthur, Francc
'lbler,'ision is vcry important fbr tl're A: \\rould you like one of tl-rese smirll c.r\l le s as occupred lrr the gor clnmcnt in
inforrrmti,,n rrtJ lor entertlirttnt nt. plants? Thev're lovely at tl-ris time of cornrnunist times, but rvas renrmed to its
\-cal:. ourrers in 2006.
&z"tt B: Oh. A11 rigll-rt. Hou-rnuch is it? Of course, as many of ,vou know, the castle
3 Sara, Italr. A: C)nJv 75p. is lanown as Dracula's castle. People believe
The most irnpoltant useful tcchnological that \'1ad Tepes - thc original Dracula -
B: I'll take it. Here voLr ar:e.
rdrarrce i5. \\c (urrld sar rtorr is rr conrl)uter. lived here. This isn't exactl), true, hower.er,
A: Here's your change .
but he z'a.r kept as a prisoner here for some
It!very inlportant. I thir-rk that nobodv
B: Goodbye noui
could really live or u'ork rvithor.rt a computer. time. The castle is now a famous tourist
A: Bve. attraction, and it is visited every vear by
@z.ts thousar.rds of people.
4 &z.st
.A,ntonis, Greece
I tl-rinL the plane. The aeroplancs,,vcal.r.
3 A: iPueclo avudartc? & z.qt
B: Sorry-, I don't speak Spanish. I A: \,\'rell, now is reallv the time to r,'isit the
& z.zo A: Can I help vou?
B:
LTnited States.
5 N"laxim, Russia B: No, I'rn just looking, d-ranks. Rcally?
I think that most important technologicel A: OK. A: Oh ye.r. The dollal is not very strolrg, sc)
:rclvancefor rne it is SMS seruices, of course so B: Sorry yes. Horv rnuch is tl-ris book? thing;s are really cheap.
rnobrle phone, but cspecially SnIS sen'ices. A: -Iivo euros. B: (Jl-r. I wanted to g;o to France. But, cheap
is goocl.
&z.zt B: Only tu.o euros. That's cheap.
A: Yes. I put the price at ten cur:os. Nobody A: Listen, if you travel this rnondr you'll get
6 Starla, Englend an extra tw-entv per cent discour-rt.
For rne the most technological atlvancc I'd
\r.ants tobuf it. At live euros. Nobody
srants to buv it. So I n:rde it cl-reap. Tivo B: This month isn't possible.
say is the intemet bec';tr.rse it's convenient A: Next month?
euros. Do you want to buv it?
ancl quicl and saves vou a lot of tirne.
B: Oh. B: \-es. I have a u.eek's holiday next rnonth.
@z.tt A: \\trat's u.rong? Are there any specials then?
7 \['illiam. Gl-rrrna B: T'm the author. A: I'll ask if you like.
\\re11, I think the intcrnet
is the most A: The author? B: Yes, please.
important, especially u.hen r.ou are lookinpi B:
for information.
Ycs. I rvrote it. T'11 take it. For tv'o euros. &2.+t
Unit 8
2 A: And here is the rnain squarc and the
UnitT tower. The tower is nore than five
hundred yeers old, and is the tallest
&z.qt
&z.zs 1 The Torver of London was originallr' built
building in the ciry The r-rew from the
'I'he concept of time in the English language, top of the to$'er is tr-uJv amazirrg. Todr1.,
in 1078. It u'as used as a horne for the
ancl in v'estcrn culture in general, is very much u'ith this beautiful sr.rnshine, if you go up
king;s and queens of England for alrnost six
linked to monel'. Tirnc c:.rn be seen as a fbrm of rhe tower. rou won't regret it.
hundred years, but also serued as a prison.
currencv-. You can spend tirne and rllone),-, of save fil-o of thc most famous prisoners in the B: Excuse me, does it cost anwhing to go
it. l irrrc ciin br' \\rst(J. \ou , att gir.
sorneunc Tolver u,ere the -'rcung princes Edv.ard ai-rd up the tower?
vour time, just like you can give then uronel'. Richard. In 1481, Richarcl thc Third, their A: I'm afraid so. It costs eight euros.
\\ie l-rave free timc, cxtrx time, sp:rre time :rncl uncle ancl king of England, pllt thcm in thc
or.ertimc. \.Vc can convert time into money, and torver.'1-he1. lvere ne\.cl' seen again. The &z.qe
monev into tirne. Time, rnoney and lvork are princes u.ere ten arrtl t].rirteen vears old. 3 A: Tl-rese are the caq)ets. I thoughtyou
intimatel,v conncctcd. Tirda1., people say the torver is haunted by r.l-ere goinE; to shorv rne the fbod plrt.

II A: z.ss
theil q-hosts.
B:
.\nd have some lunch.
Yes, 1.s5.Jhe fbod is on the other end
Do I'ou speak Englisl-r? @2.+z of the market. Do not lvorry, rny fliend.
B: A little. 2 A: Look, lookl \l'e'11 go there later if1.oa q.x11.,1:;
A: Horv muclr is the shirt? B: (ll-r, I recoqnise this place. It's from a your guide, though, T have to shorv _vou
B: 'l-his onei filrn. everything'. Look, isn't this amazing?
-{: \o. The checkcd onc. A: Ycs, it's the house frorn sorne scary A: ATmm.
B: Flur-rclred end lifqr nrovie.

- l; i:l':;:
 B: Somc of these cerpets take more than have a cottalie itls not a cottape, it's nraybe 8 You should eat g'rrlic. It rxrrks. I prr:rnriscl
two months to makc. Thcy are all rnade a little house in the countn'sicle v'here l,e 9 Just teke trro tspirin :rncl stlr ir-r bed.
by hand. cdn gr()u fnrit rrrJ t.getaL,i.r l,ul $e d,'lt t l0 Cold nedicir.re. Thke cold meilicine .

A: I'n just hungry, tl-rat's all. live in tl-rese cotteges, but u'l-rat I can s:r,v 1I \bu shouldn't tlo anv exercise.\bu shouLl
B: Arc -vou sure! If vou buy one of these nore. N{avbe prices - if1ou buf ifvou sell .1ar in bcrl. Durt'l go,,ttr.
cxrpets no\r', I can g;ct a good price fbr: vour flat in r\'loscorv - httJe flat - you can
bu1'tl-rree houses in Great Britain.
12 I don't think you should stal in bed. Be
yotl. active. Go out.
A: Oh. \Arell ...
&n.sa 13 \\6at r'-ou sl-rould do, u.hat l'ou reaJlr- arr.gl'r
B: She sa-vs if you bu1'nvo she r'vill give vou 3 \hleria, Bolir.ia to clo, is to rvash vrur hantls rcgrrllrir.
a &zg discount.
I would say homes in Bolivia are nruch 14 \bu should st:t-1' cln'. I)on't v,ash rour hlir or
A: OK, tlteu. Horr nruch ...? more coloured. Here, abor.e all in Orford, go out in thc rain.
all t1-re l-romes looks r.crt'sirnilar I rvoulcl sav
%t.st but in Bolivia you crll 6ncl r recl house .iust Wz.to
1 A: Hello, ()reenrva,v Holidays. bcsides a l'ellorv housc lnd it is tt prettv nicc A: Harn', is that t.ou)
B: I Ii, mv namet Pablo Alonso. I'm calling corrhination of colours. B: Yes, t'es... T'm home.
:ibout thc English learnirrg holiday-. A: \ltll, u'hat djd thc doctor say?
A: You need to speak to Mrs I{r-right. I'll put W z.ss B: Er. Nothing much. Shc saicl I r.r.as hcalthr-.
You through. 4 Katie, Northern Ireland No scrious problerns.
B: Tl-rankyou. W'here I lir-e in Belf'ast horncs are .. . tley're A: Oh, th':rtt v'ondcrful. Did she s':r)'an\-thins
A: Just a mornent, please.
quitc varied. ln inner citv Bel{ast you hat'e about a cliet?
ver 1.' srnall recl brick terraced hor.rses. Tvo up
B: A v'hat?
Wz.st ts.o down houses and thcy're I think tl-rev
A: A cliet.
2 B: IIello? date frorn tl-re 1il00s - thev sort of typifl
B: C)h, oh yes. She saicl, sl.re said... T cor.rld eat
A: I'm sorry but thc line'.s busy. Do u,henevcr you think of the citv you tlrink of
1.611
red brick telraced houses. satne recJ meat. Just once a u'cek.
wrnt to hold?
A: Tbat'.s gooc1. You do eat a lot of rreat. \\rl-rat
B: OK, I'll hold.
& z.to :rbout salt and sugar? Sl-rouldn't 1-ou cut
%t.st 5 Bea, England dorvn on those?

3 A: Hello? Homcs where I livc are cprite larg;e. In my B: LIm. No, no she didn't say ant'thing about
street in particdar the houses have four salt or suglar'.
B: Hellr, is drat Mrs lGright? -lhe.v
A: No, I'm afraid she isn't here.
or five bedroorns. are usuallt'sharecl A: Oh.'I'hat'.s strange. \\''hat about coflee?
beru'een lots ofdifferent house nates. I B: Eq coffee, yes, colTec.
B: Can't I'ou give tne infcrrm:ltion about dre personall,v lir-e u.ith tu,o people I dicln't
English learning holidal'? A: \'cru clrink fivc cups of coffic a da1'. Isn't that
knou. befcrre and nou. one of then is a len' too much?
A: I'm sorry; I can't. Can I take a messagc? good friend. Tbc houses have kitchens and
separate lir.ing rooms and dining rooms and
B: Oh vcs. She tolcl nc drat I coulcl onlr.' drink
B: No, that's a11 right. I'll call back. ... twrr cups a dalr
the best thrng about mv house is that it has a
W t.st large galden. A: OK. And can vou go back to u,ork?
4 A: Hello, Greenv-a.v Holidays. B: Ycs. I stal't tonorrosi.
B: Hello, this is Pablo Alonso agair"r. C:rn I Unit 9
to Knight?
&z.tz
speak
A: I'll
N,{rs
put,vou through.
&z.tt A: Hcllo, cen I helpi
The common cold can bc causecl by more than B: Yes, I erm, need somethingi lbr a s.rre thr:oat.
C: Sar-rdla I{night speaking. Sorry to keep 200 different vimses. It reallr' hurts.
vou u.aiting.
An adult gets betueen nr'-o and livc colds a A: \Vell, u'e have this s1'rup or these tablcts.
B: Oh, hello. Iilv namel Pablo Alonso. vcar, rvhile fol cl-rildlcn or babics the nurnber is R: \\lric:h is better?
I'm calling about the English learning higl-rer; betu'ecn 6 and 10 colds a year.
l-roliday A: Tlrcr'r'c I'orh F,,,,,l.Thc srrttP i: ttt,'r.
From the molnent lrou g;et a coJd to the lnoment e.\pensl\ic.
C: \lrhat v'ould vou like to know? you feel the svmptoms is betu'cen 2tl and'18
B: \Vcll,I've looked on vour r'vebsite erd I
B: Oh, well ... I'11 take tl-re t:rblets thcu. Ho*'
hours. mant'clo I t:rhe?
have a f'ev.questions about the cost. Tl-re total tine in your life that vou rvill hrve 'a

C: Right, of course, Mr Alonso. C)ut prices,

A: Just or-re ...
cold is two to three yerrs.
I thirrk rou'll finJ. rre \erv (umpelili\( B: Sornr T'm sorry And horv olten shoulcl I
'I'he common cold is not a deailll'diseasc, but it
takc it?
is crpensirc. Irr thc L \ ilult(. exp(rl\ e\lillliltc
that rt costs the econornv 3.5 billion dollars in
A: Just one every lbur to six hours. Take it
W z.so
lort rinte rt rrork and .cltoul.
before mealtinrcs. Are t'ou al1erg;ic to lrtl
1 David, Cieorgia neclicinc?
So homes ir-r Gcorgia are ver v- big - somc
big ones ancl so u.e ha\.e ts'o kind of homes.
& z"ts B:
A:
No.
1 You sl-rould eat hot chickcn sollP as soon as Then vou'll bc fine r'vith tl-ris.
There are block of fiats - therc are rnanv -vou feel ill. B: Carr I ect \orlre 3;111[i61i1.1eo?
ofthem and u'e also have houses. Ilouscs 2 A: T'm afraid you need a prescriptiolt fbr thrrt
J utr drirrk u rrer. Lut. ui u aler.
usuzrlly are ir-r thc outsicle of thc country - in
the vi1lages.
3 Drink orange juice and lots of vitanrin C. B: Oh.
4 I think you shoulcl eat foods rvith vitamin A, A: You Lnou',,vou should relllv sec a doctor ii
&z.st like carrots. that cougl-r continues.
2 Eler-ra, Russia 5 Drir-rk hot n-ater uith lcmon atrcl honev in it. R: Il<nowlknou'.
In ny country s'c have diffirent hornes like 6 I thinl l-ou should drink u.ater lr'iti a A: Arythins elsei
in lingland, because in Englar-rd rnany peoplc spoonftrl of salt. B: No tl'ranks.
li\c in (rlttitges. rc:. t,ut in tnv c()tttllr\ u( 7 Breathing hot steam u.orks. (lo fbr a sarrna. A: That'Ll be S'1.50 then, pierse.
h:rve verv big; houses. I{an1' fiats, but not so
big, but good, and mosth' Russian families
Unit I0 Both qanrcs rrc plat'ed on a board, and c,rn be 5 A: l\ras there anvtl-ring elsel
pleled bv nr.o or ilorc people. B: No ... I dor.r't thinl so.
% Lrs Both pJarles h:rr,e been extrcrnelv popular: A: A1l right. \bu crn pat. over tl'rere.
A: So, vonr brvtk Bnnt r\i'zl l7'orzl.r is :r11 :rbout lccording to its rnakers, rnore thrn 750 rnillion B: 'll-ranlis. Bt'e.
neu'u'ords ir-r l}-rglish. lTor'v do nerv rvorcls pcoplc hrvc plar-e d r\lonopoll', and tu'o hundrecl
lppear'? rnillion copres of Scrabblc lrc sold e\-en- verr.
A: Bye.
B: C)ne of the nrost collllnon u.:rvs of making Both of thcm alc successftll r'r.orlds,icle. 'l'l-rer. ere % r.as
nel words rs sirlply to combine lurr vrircls published in over 25 l:rnsu:rgcs todal-, and are 1 r\rthur, l'rance
u,hrch ahcrdt. erist. So fbr er:rrnple in the rr ailairl. in tttoLq tltttt R{l c,,ttttt t'ic:. IIr- fivoulite erpression in l-.ng-lish is'Oh
past l-c had texts, xnd u'e hacl rncssaees, norv
nrv qotl'l 'l'hetis itl Bec:ruse we l.reercl this
u'itl-r rnobile phoncs u,e hlve ... % Lrc
erpression ver\/ ofien in movie, ir-r television
A: TLrt messases. 1 A: Oh, hcllo, tl-rere vou are. antl I think itls a clich6 of the [,r-rglish people
ts: Yes. Tl-ratt right. A:rotl-rer comrnon u'av of B: IIello. or A.merican people. Ol-r mv goc1.
nral<ing 'a neu' l'ord is to combinc p:uts of A: Listen. I'n-r'.rfraicl thcre's some bad ne*'s.
uortls. Considcr brunch. Brunch is a meal B: Ohl % Ls+
thet pec4rle can have rt 1 1 o'clock in thc A: \'cs.'I'hc thing is, the cornp:rnv is closing. 2 l)ieeo, Itah'
rnorning, a conrbi:ration of brealifrast lnd Thcrc arc a lot of vcn- intct:cstirlg words in
lr rn ch.
B: Reallv? \\tcni
A: Tbmorrol'.'l'he lrhole tl-ring. It's been Finglish. Mv far.ouritc u.ord is fbr eranple
A: So cornbinations ire hou,nel uorrls lre
so1cl.
love.
rnrde.
B: There are otl-rer u,avs too..\bblevi:rtions, fbr
B: Soldi %z"ss
examplc, arc i1 cofnrnon uav of mlkinpi ncu' A: \'ep. 3 Kristin:r. Russi:r
u'olcls. Do vou know r'r.hat a digital versatile B: So... so, rvh.rtls eoir-rg to l-rrppcr to NI1'tarcurite r.r.circls in Englisl-r. I tl-rir.rk rvhen
clisc is? C\:Cnrolle- I clrne to England last verr g.cn4roclt' said,
A: 'l'here'll be an official ennouncenrcnt.
A: irr ... oh he looks gorgeous rncl itls goreeous, the
B: A D\T) ...? Oh, liere'.s rrlr lloor. $erther is gorgcous ancl so it bccarre rn1.

A: Of course. R: F)'..- T'nr sdll ... favourite rvorcl.

B: A: An1'u,ar. Sorn'to rush off.'Iilk later,
\-cs, thc abbr:o.i:rtion becomes the ncu.
u'ord.,\nother u'al is to give a r,ord a neu, oK? %t"a*
B: OK. Bve. 4 Flkrclic, Sl.rtzerland
mcirning. \\rc har.c ncu, rncaninqs for all
r\I1' f2"n.,.tr" uorcls in F)rgJish :rrc - I
[:inds of r ords connected to cor]rputers firr A: Cooclbve.
rcallv like the r,ord perl-r'.rps. I clon't knov.
e\ilrlll)lc rllOr.r\e lrl'l \ il lr<.
%t.ao rvhv because of tl'Lc souncl, because of the
A: C)r r.irrdol's. pronunciation, I clon't hrol.. Pcrhirps. \lhat
B: \-es. Finlllv, u,e cur Llorror, tords from 2 A: Phcv.. Isn't it hot?
B: Hmrl. Sorn-? else? \4'ell I don't lcroui
otlrer lanquaqcs. An e xampJe of this ri.ouid
be a tsunarni - a Japlnese u,ord u,l-ricl-r A: T said. :isn't it hoti % t"sr
became r.cn' frcqucnt rn E,nglish rlter the B: \-es. \'es. \'en' l-rot. 5 Semih, Tirrkq.
nlturll rlisastel in \sia in 200-1. A: I can't lernerrbcl e srurlner like this For tnc, mlr f;vourite 1'ords in English are
A: \A il I ,rl1 tlrcsc lcrr r'r or.ls ruutirnrc to cristi .irttc ... :irrr't tlte nirtctcr'rr :(\(ntie\. a\r'esome :rntl legerrclan'. I don't knrxv u.hl-
B: Nl:rybe not. Some u'ill colrtinue, othe rs B: Yes. lt is r.'err- hot. bccause u.hen I s'.n'ases.lre or lcgenclan'it
uor-r't. But the u,ev ue create these neu' A: Ninrtcrn.r\erl\-\i\ il \\ir.. rnlkes nre feel happr-.
u util. ... cutttl,ittaliutt. rrl,l,rcr irrtiutt. gir ittL
B: I don't re'.rllv renrcnrber, T nas quitc ... #*nao
*.ia&r
l.OO
olcl worils ncu'mc:rnings or borrou'ing
vornli thcn.
words ... neil tl-rese ale 9'oing to be u'ith us
A: I quess \1lu \r'ere. \4'clJ, it uas so hot
6 Rca, Ergland
for a long tirre.
that. ..
OK nt favourite uorrls in Flnqlish are'1ou
knol.' bccause theljre verl useful ruorcls.
% srr B: Reallv.
\\hen t'ou are nr)t sure s'hrt to silv you can
ln 1929 m:rn1' people in thc Llnitctl Statcs A: \'cs. I l.rrs in lole then ... use thcm to fill in a scntcnce and ther,'re
suddenlv lost the ir jobs.'l'his \\'as the bcqinrlinq B: Oh look. Herels nrr floor. 1,n g,,,,,1rr,rrrl. 1ugirt rurr tirn.r.ijrlt
of u'hat Alrericans call thc Circ:rt Dcprcssion, A: Ob. vou can tl-rink ahout, volr cen concentrate on
lnd it lasted firr about four t,elrs. f-)ulir.rg the B: \\'ell, I heve to q'o. i\-ice to trlk to vou. wl-rat you are thinking and mirvbc th jnk of
Circat Deprcssion, turc of the most fimous difTerent itle:rs, vou Inorri
board sarnes in tl.re world u,ele inlentecl:
A: \'cs, yes.
\Ionopoly and Scrabblc. \\hilc thc gillles are B: Groodbr,'e. #aooo
*:# ,.o7
r en different, the storr, behind elcl-r onc is
%:.sr 7 Cur., Ensland
sinrilrr ... One of m'" favoultc lnrds in English
\lfred Butts, the jnventol of Scr":rbble, end
I T knol., T l<lol'. Tt lirnnl'..\rl'u.ar- ... talk
-a'rzs is

to t.ou torrorror.Oi(i \tp. lrarnron,''. I think it'.s e nicc rvord, it's gor e
Chrrrles l)urrol., thc invcntor of r\Iciropolr', nicc souncl to it. I Iihe the stmcnrrc of the
rere hoth r\merican. Neither invcntor had a job. 2 ...and so that's wl-rat we'll do. Right. thatls it.
u,,r,l. I rlrirrL the iderr rltirt it lelrn5r'nr\ ilrc
Buts hecl lost his job rs :rl :rrchitect in 1929, encl \\re'll continue after the breali, OI(i
r.ery positive, llhcthcr I'ou rre telLing about
DuLLou u:rs nn unen-rplovetl silcs rcpresertrtile 3 A: \\'l-r'.rt time cloes the lllm stalt? rlusic:ll hirrnron\', or rr:tistic harnonv, or
in 19.1.1. B: Ninc o'clock. l-rarnron."' u,Jren people r.orli toq-ethcr u.ell
\r the bcginninE;, tJre inventors rrade evert' A: Nine o'clock. OI{, see vou then. or unclcrstand each other u.ell. r\nd I think
eclition oltl'reir garne bv hand. Neither gamc B: OI(, bve. probabll'therc! a sirnilar r,ord in rnanl'
\\ irs icccllted bt to1' corrpirnies at first. 4 \\'ell, I think th',rt's it. I'es, I'll scnd other languages, so itls a uorcl tlrat a lot of
tl-re enr:ril.
'l her s,rid tl-rrrt Ilor.ropolv u,as too complicatc(l1 people understancl quitc casilr'.
Br-c.
rntl th'rt noboclr noLrld bc intcrcsted in
Scrabblc.
\ilacn-riIlan Iiducatiolr
Bcnveen Tou'ns Road, Orfrrrd OX'+ IPP
A dir.ision of n4acrnillan Publishcrs Limited
Companies and rcprescntatives throughout the worlcl
ISBN 978-0-210,03309-2
'-[bxt O Lir-rdsay Clandl]eld & Am:rnde
Jeffries 2010
Design:rnd illustration O i\facrnillan Publishers Limited 2010
First published 2010
AII rigl-rts rescr-ved; no part of tl-ris publication uray bc reprocluced, stolccl
in a retrieval systcm, tl"ansmitted:in anv fbrm, or bY any means, electrcrric,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or othem'ise, u'ithout thc prior
written pernrission of the publishers.
Original dcsign br- Barbara N'lercer ar"rd I{atie Stephens
Page layout bv e,VIC Design Limited
Illustrated b1'Jonathan Burton, Peter Harper, Clelia Hert, Robin Lau'ric
and eMC Desiqn
Picnrre research bl' Salllt Cole, Persevcrance \4rorks Limited
Cover desig;n by 13arbar:r X{elcer
C)or-er photograph used b-v permission of the A"Iuseun of the History'of
Scicnce, gnll'g15itv of C)rford/Keiko Ikcuchi
Auth or'.s acknorvlcdlicmcn ts
First and fbremost, I rvould like to thank Rafael Alarcon-Claeta for his
support and nurturing oftl'ris projcct from the vcrv bcginning.
The tearn vorking on Global har-e all done an incrcdible job.
|,ft. gratitude to NTick Sbeard, Stephanie Parker, StisVatland and
Barbara Ilercel for constantlv risir-rg to the challer-rges this booL presented
and coming ort on top cverv 5i1glg tirne. N{:rnv thanks rlso to Selina
Hansen for hcr comnents ancl hclp on the rnanuscript.
A lot of the inspiration lbr tl-ris book camc frorn the hundrecls of terchers
I'vc had the chancc to rneet arour-rd the vorld. Tl-ris rvould not have
been possible without the help of the tireless people at Xlacrnillan uficr
organised rnv trips and gave me insipllrt into thc countries I u'as visiting.
This book is dedicatecl to mv cl-rildlen Lucas ancl N'Iarcos, whose curiosifi
about lif-e and er-cq-thing has been very motivating to nle :ls an tutbor.
'l'he euthor and publisl-rers v.ould like to thank ell the teachers :rnd
consultants rvho have pilotecl ar-rd rcviervecl the matcrial. Particular
thanks go to the fbllou.irtei people: Antlrea C6rdova, Susanl Flores
(Alg1o Multimeclia School of Englisli, Haedo, Bucnos Aires, Argentina);
,\4a. Cristina Ntaggi, trIa. Cristina Bucro cle Chintor (Friends' School
of English, Aclrogu6, Buenos Ailes, Argcntina); r\'Iitta Zarnpini, Aldana
l\ncholena, Elizabeth Rainierr, X'Ia. Soledad D. X'lar-rgiarotti, Parnela
Sabrine Pecorelli (IECI, I Iacdo, Buenos Aires, Algentirra); Alejandlo Jorge
Listrari (Cultural Inglcsa de Palcrrltt, Ciudad Aut6noma de Buenos Aires,
Argentina); Lilian Itz.icovitch Lcventhal (Poter-rtial/ Colegio I.L.Peretz,
Sio Paulo, Brazil); Ana,\'Iaria r\Iiranda ((iultula Inglesa Ribeirio Preto,
Ribeirio Prcto, Brrzil); X{aga1i de N'lorres Menti (F'\CC{I' Escola
Ntunicipal Lauro Roclrigues, Pol:to Alegrc, Br:rzil); Simone Samrcnto
(PLTCRS, Porto Alegre, Blazil); Laula Lcc Lel-rto (Culrura Inglcsa,
Fortaleza, Braz.il); \iviane Clristine Silva Grossklauss, A,nelice Sanclovetti
(Culrura Inglesa Jundiai, Jundiai, Brazil); Cclia Aguiar clc Alnreida
Costa (Cultura hrglesa tleJuiz de Fora, Brazil); Corina Celia Machatlo
Cotrea (Associag:io Alunrni - SIo Paulo, l3rezrl);.Janc Clodu'in (-t'he
Four, Sio Carlos, Brazil); Clarolinc Tbubia (The Holr, Fanill' School,
Jesuite , Egpt); Aranv Shawkev, Heidi C)rnare (Macrlillan Publishers
Ltd, Egl'pt) Caroline Fr'.rnz , l)ana Jelinkov:r (-Nf\iF{S Muer-rchncr
\rolkshochschule, i\ilu-rich, Celrnanl); Irene Roclrig"rez, Havdee Clutierrez
Palafox, Irntonio r\{orales de l'.r Barrera,.[avier Ramos de Hovos (Tl-re
Anglo trlcxictn Founclation, Ilexico Ciq', Mcrico); \1ivilnlr (laruso
de Curtius (freelalce :luthor and consultalt, i\'Iexico Ciw, Ilexico);
E,rnma Dorninguez (Acadelric Snrdies Managlcr:, The Anglo N'Iericer
Iiouncla tion, Ilexico Cifi,', N,{ cri co) ; Kat'a rzyna Ro gtliiska-Ge j eu'ska
(Archibald, \Ararsar', Poland); ,\'Ialgorzata WoZniah, Dorota Pachv'iccr'vicz-,
Aenieszka Kilancx'sl<a (Centrutn J?zr'-kov'e 'Euroclub', Cdairsk, Poland);
Fabiol'.r Georeiana Hosu (Littlc Lonclon School and Nursery- School,
Dinritrie Cantemir Unir.crsifi', Bucharest, Ronania); Lvdia B. Korz.heva
(Diplomatic Academl', X"Iosccxl Russia); Ludmila A. Pokrovskar.-a (Russiarr
Acadcrn,v of Foreign 'l rade, nfoscol., Russil); Olga S. Petrischev:r
(I,Ioscou. Sta te Universitt' of Intcrnati onal Relations, N'loscott,
Russia); Albina \hlieva (The Tntcrnation:rl Languai;e School'Dcnis
School', -l{oscor', Russi':r); Kalen l)ver, Cathy Harris, Frank HodgLins
(lnternational l{ousc, Madrid, Spain); Carlos'liueba (E.C).1 \lllave rde,
,\'Iadrid, Spain); Patricia Plaza Arrcgui (E.O.I. -\[alagr, Spain); i\"Iaria
-.
Esthcr Alvarez Rico (E.O.I. Sagunto, \ialencia, Spain); Burcr.r'lbzcan Unal
(Bilgi Unir-crsin', Istanbul, Tirrkev); Dr. E Ilke Buvukduman (Ozvcgin
University, Istrnbul, Turkel); Saralr Sharv (The British Council, Chiang
Mri, Thailand); Aomboon Burutphahdee (Pa1'ap gtti"..titr", Chiang Ilei,
'lhailand); thanks to: Nattinee K}tucansri, (Payap Lfniversitv-, Chiang- -N{ai,
Thailend); Clauclir Edu'arcls (Lor-rdon Scl-rool of English, Lonclon, UK);
SallvJor"res (Regent Oxford, Oxford, UK); Katherine Griggs (Communitv
Enelish School C)xfirrclsl-rrre Ailult Learning, Oxfbrd, UI{).
A speciel thank you toJtckie lrlalsall, Sarah P:rtersott lnd all the staffand
stuilents at Eckerslci.', C)xfcrrd and Rcgcnt, Oxford fcrr all tl-reir hclp u'itl-r
Global voices.
The authors and publishers vould [ke to th:ink the fbllov'ins for
pcrnission to reproduce thcir photograpJrs:
Cor.cr Credit: By permission of the Muserun of thc Historr of Science,
University of Oxfbrd/T(ciko Ikeuchi.
rUarnr'/.Jol-rn,\rnold Images pp l 4(r),'18(tmr), Alamr',N.Boltl p99(tr),
Alamr'/PDazclcv p85(b), Alemy/Mery Evans p8 1(t), Alemy/PGibbs
p l2 1(t), ,\hnr1/S&R Greenhrll p I 24, Nanv/PHorree p3 0(bl), iUanrv/
Inr ascbroker pp2 a(d), -5 0(l), Alamv/Lnafiestlte pp82, I 2 2 (bl), Nanrr'/
isifi Lrraee Scn'ice s.r.o p100, t\lamry'Lortlprice Collectior-r p21(br),
Alamv/hin NIas p11, Alamy/.J.tr"Iarshall/'Iiibaleve Images p9'l(b), Narnr-/
N:rgelstocli p96(bm), Alamv,North \\rind Picturc Archive p'I5,,\Iatnr'/C
Pearsrll p98Qrr), AlanVC.Pefl ey p2 1 (tr), Alanrv/C.Richaldson p2'1(e),
Aiamy/\-ario Inages GrnbH & Co K.G pp26(m1), 37(l), Nrrnl'/N.\'erekcr
p50(n'rl), Alemr'/CckN{ \d'erner p79(rnr), r\larrv{.\A/est p62(r), A1emry'H.
\\restheim Photographv p106(t); Banrnastock pp1 7(b), 59(tl), ,59(trn),
59(bm), 137; Brand X pp1 03(7), 1 10(1t), I I3, 1'13; Constock p I 1O(bm);
Corbis/K.Cl.Amrstrons p+6(br'), Corbis/Atlantidc Pl-rototravel p96(nl),
Corbis/C.Barrie/Reuters p'18(t), Corbis/BBC p56, Corbis{.Becden
p95(rr), Corbis/ llettmenn Archir.e pp6(br'),23(bl)' l8(rn1),'+60n), 1't5'
Colbis/'lBognar p1'+7(b1), ClorbisA\iBossen/Stock tl-ris \Vav p73, Corbis/
Bursein (lollection p30(br), Corbis/FlCevallos p91(b), Corbis{'Coohe
p72, Corbis/R.Eshcl p106(brnr), Corbis/Envision p126(b), Corbis/R.Iraris
p7a(ml), Colbis/R.Clalbraith p84(b), Corbis/G'HalI p71(b), Corbis/P.
llardy p131, Colbis/D.Houser p86(br), Corbis/Hulto:r Deutsch ppi 1(b),
8 1 (bt, 9 1 (t), Corbis{ agrileesh/Reuters p5 5 (1), Cor:bis/L.Lef-kori'itz
p96(br), Clorbis/T.Levir.re/Zcfrr pt33(t), Corbrs/P.l,issec/Godong- p8'+(t),
Clorbis/l'.McGuire p67(t), Corbis/n,I.Nicl.rolson p23(br), Clolbis/S.Oskar/
Zefar p86(tl), Clorbis/A.Pcisi/Ze[a pt'{(ni1, Corbis/C)'[]rien Procluctions
pi,+(rnl), Corbis/L.Psihovos p6B(m), Corbis/A.Reclprth p122(tr),
Corbis/\T.Saror.rJ' p33(b), Corbis/D.Scott p2'l(1), Corbis{.Sohrn,\risions
of Amcrica p3 1(t), Corbis/P.Souclers pp30(tl), '18(b), Corbis/Stock l)hotos
p20; Corbis RF pp16,2'1(c), 10.1(9), 106(tm), 106(bD, 106(hrnl), 106(lm),
1'19, 151(t); Digital Stock p92(t1); Digital \rision p1I2; Fotolibrrr/D.
Breed p3 (h), Fotolibr:r/G.Hcadley p9'l(m), Fotoli bra/EKal p 1 3 5 (rn),
-5
Fotolibre{.Rich p120(t); Clualdian Neu's & Medie Ltd 2006/CJt.rhnston
p55(r); Cietn- L-nages/AFP p96(t), Ciettv/Aurtrra p10(l), Gettr'y'C:rr Culnrre
p1 19(t), Gctty-/DK Imrges p28, Cettv lnases Entertainrnent p'17(1),
Gctn /Ga o Ina ges pp42 (tl), 99(tm), Gctw/T.(lipstein p7 B(t), (ictn'/
I I
Flola Trnages p6(tr), Getq./Hulton Archive pp18,9-l(l), 10UG), l l8kl),
Gettl,,N.Enrncrson pB6(bJ), Getoy'Iconica pp6(m), 2 6(r), 1 08(b), 1 2 2 G1),
(ietty/r\4.Lrnnen p128(t), Gettr,'/S.XlcAllister p5[3, Getty Images Neu,s
p 1 3, Getq-/Photo gra ph ers Choice pp 5 0(nrr), 60(1), 7 8 (b), G cty/Photonica
pp7, 12,3aO, .{8(tnl), Getty/Report':rge p50(r'), Getty/Retrofile/FPG
p35(b), Gctty/\A,lSmitl.r p21(tl), Gcttry'Stone pp6(tl), 34(l), 6il(b), 71(t),
81(bl), 88, 102, Gettl'/Taxi pp6(bl), s9(ml), 7a(1), 71(r),79(\),86(tr), 121(b),
Cletn'/The hnage Ba:rk ppZ2(b), l6G), 70, 98(rnl), 109, 122(br), Cicts'/
l'irne & Lili Pictures p106(trnl); Lnagc Sourcc pp17(t),25, 52,64, 83(rnr),
85G), 98(r), 1 03 (3), 1 03(8), 1 3 5(b), 1 5 1 (b); Joshua'Ilee Photoglaphy pp
9, I 0G), 19(rortraits), 42(b,r), 43, 4'+, 60(b), i33(t1); Kobal Collection/
Ar glo Enterprise/\'inc1'arcl p'I7(r); Lonelv Planet hnages/R.IiAnsor.r
p90(t), Lonelv Plan etlC.Policl-r p'I8(bmr); X{acmill an Publishers LtdlP
Briclnell p103(6); NIar1' Evans pp23Qrl), I18(b), 118(lt, I,fervEvans/
Lnagno p2 3 (tr); A,Iasterfile,N.Hcndricksen p62(l), Masterfile{erz1'tvorks
p62(mr), ,\'Iasterfile/X{.Roman p62(rnl), I1[oodboard p106(br); I{otorine
Picture Librarypp 118(a), 11U(g), 118(1), 119(b); Nanrrepl/A.Sands
p92(m1), Nanrrepl{.Freur.rd p95(b); Panos Pjctures/G.Akash p59(r),
Panos Picrures,/T.Der-l'en p 1 20(l), Panos/Ci .Pirozzi p22 (l); Reproduced
11' permission of Penguin Books Ltd cover of The Beech by Alex Garland
(First published bv \tLing 1996, Penguin Books 1997) copvright O Alex
Garland, l()()6,p95; cover of Hilih F'ideliw by Nick Hornbv (Pengtin
Bools Ltd, 2000) copyright O NicL Hornby, 2000, p37; Photoalto pp
59(n), I 03(4), 103(5); Pl.rotodisc pp83(rn), 92(trn), 92(trnl), 92(br), 92(tr),
92(tmr), 92(bm), 92(bl); Photolibrary Ciroup/age fbtostock pp48-49(b),
8a(rn), 92 (bl), I 05 (l), 47(r), Photolibrary/Arcangel hneges pp3 5(0,
1 John Guare 1990, replinted bv pennission oflnternational Creative
1.17(tl), Photolibran'/Xl.Bail p3 3 (t), Photolibrary'IFA-Bilderteam
p2 5, Pl-rotolibrarv/Producticrrs Burke/Ti-iolo p24(b), Photolibrary/
I)igitel Vision p9B(1), Photolibrary/F-1 Online p1 07(l), Photolibrarl'/
Flirt Collcction p60(t), Photolibrary/B.Foubert p2 1 (m), Photolibrarrr/
Fresh Food Lnages pp 1 03 (2), 1 2 8(b), Pl.rotolibrarry'D.I Iurst p3 5 (b),
Photolibrary/In'ragestate p-57, Photolibraa.{TB photo pp19(m),
3 5(e), Photolibrary'/G.I(i rk p I 9(t), Photolibrary/R.Llervelll.n p34(tm),
Photolibrarr'/f'.de Ling/Time Out p26(mr), Photolibrary,Nonstock
.]upiter Imag^es p83 (b), PhotolibrarVC)xford Scientifi c pp99(tl), 105(m),
Photolibraryy'Photocuisine p 103 (1), Photoliblary/Phototake Science
pp127,72(), Photolibrarv/A & G Reporter pa8ftml), Photolibraryy'H.
Rice p24(a), Photolibrary/B.Rober:t p32(m), Photolibraryy'SG-\'I p3 5(c);
Photoshot p26(l), Photoshot/bilderlrunge p135G), Photosho{.Blackler
p6 1, Photosl-rot/P. Seheult p3 (d), Photoshot/Tetra Images p3 2 (t),
-5
Pl.rotshot/\drpN p14(mr), Photoshot/\Vorld Pictures p96(bl); Plainpicture/
Briljans p59(br), Plainpicorc{ohncr p93(tr'), Plair.rpicture/G.Ler.rz p5.1,
Plainpicture/C).Boe p 1.1(l); Press Association/AP Photo/K.Kasa'hara
p106(mbJ); Prestw'ick House Litemrv Touchstone Cllssics: The Picture of
Dorian Gray by Oscer \\tlde, Cover Desigln by Larry Knox, copyrieht O
2005 b_v Prcstu.ick House, Inc. rer.ised 2007. Reprinted by perrnission. A1l
rights resen'ed.p33(tr); Rex Features pp120(rn), 126(t), Rex/X{.L.Altonelli
p,10, ReVM.Bjorlcnan p3 5(g), Rcx/C.S.U Archivc/Flvcrctt ppa6(t), 69(t),
Rex./Everett Collection pp3 6(bl), I 80), 90(bl), Rex/S.N'l eddle p3 5(a),
Rex/X'Iirarnax/Everett p3 B(mr), Rex/Par:rmount/Everett p49(t), Rex,4.
Pepler p 1 2 I (rn), Rcx/Sonv Pictures/Everett p3 8(r); Robert I larding/
f)ccidor p90(br); Rubberball p83(lb); SallvMais Photographv p-36(br);
Science Photo Libr:aw p116, Science Photo Librarv4.Daugherty p105(t),
Science Photo Library/Gusto Images p110(t), Science Photo Librarlr/G.
Kidd p110(br), Science Photo Library'/tr{.Kul1'k p2.l(1), Science Photo
Librarr,-/P.Psaila p68(t); The
'\rt Archivc/A.'lus6c du Lour.re Paris/Gianni
Dagli Orti p93(tl), Arti\rchive/Mus6e cl'Orsay Paris/Alfreclo Daeli Orti
p3 1(trn), The Art Archir-c/Egyptian Museum Cairo/Gianni Dagli Orti
pl2(b), Thc,{tt Archir.c/X4usco dcJ 1tmplo Mavor Mexico/Gianni Dagli
Orti p3 0(bm), T'hc Art Archive/National Gal l en' Lor-rdon/Eileen Tweedy
p3 1(brn); Dr L.,J. Reed, The Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute
of Psvchiatry London p67(b); Topfoto/The Granger Collection pp 1 1 8(e),
1 1 8 (c), Topfoto/R.\'oillet p I 07(r); \4,-ellcome Libre4' London p 1 0,1;
rult'.csglins.corn, madc inJapan b.v Scishin Togei Inc,distributed by
Noted p 1 1 4(t), tr{acmillan Reacler, Iirankenstein Corbis/llettmann p69(b).
Cornrnissioned photographv bvJoshua Tiee Photography pp 27, 5 1, 7.5,
99 (portraits),123; Rogcr Scruton p1 15 (portrait)
'I'he author and publishers are grateful for pennission to reprint the
follorvir-rg copvligl-rt rnaterial: Extract from 'Six Degrees of Seperation'
b1'John Guare, copyright @John Guarc 1999, reprinted by permission
of trIethuen Drama, an imprint of A&C Black Publishers Ltd. Extract
fron 'The Beacl-r' bv Alex Garland, copright O Alcx Garland 1997,
leprir"rted b1. pennission of Riverhead l3ooks, an imprint of Peneuin
Group (USA) Inc. for website and printed \Vorld rights, excludir"rg EEC
& UI{ territories. Audio and printed rights for territories EEC & UK
acquired from Andrelv Nurrberg Agcnq.. Adaptccl rnatcrial frorn ''l'he
Book Of Lists' by A.ny \drallace and David Wallecl-rinsk1,, copvright O
Amv \lrallace and David \4'allechinslq', first published in Great Britain br
Canongatc Books Ltd., 1.1 IIigh Street, Edinburgh, EHI 1TE, reprintcd
by permission of the publisl-rer. Poem - 'Routine' by Stuart Doggctt,
reprinted bv pennission ofdre author. F,xtracted rnaterial from'Iixplorine
Confort Food Preferences Across Age and Gender' copr..right O Elsevicr
Sciencc 2003, reprinted by pernission of the publisl-rer. Extract from
"I'his nuch I knorv: Rajeshu'ari Singh: Call-centre operator, 20, Dclhi' bl
A.rnelia Gentlernan, copyright @ Arnelia Gentleman 2006, first published
inTl-re Guardian 26.11.06, reprinted bvpermission of the publisher.
Extract frorn 'Six Degrees of Separation' byJohn Guare, copyright O
-i\{anaeerncnt, lic. USA. Extract fron retolcl r.ersion of 'Frankenstein'bl
Nlargaret Tirrner for Macmillan Readers, copr.'right O r\,largaret Tirner
2005, reprinted by pernission of the publisher. Extract frorn retold
version of 'The Picturc of Dorian Gra/ by F,H.Comish for A,Iacrnillan
Re:rders, copyright O F-.H.Cornish 2005, reprinted bv pernission of the
publisl-rer. Material lrom'Brave New \\/ords' by Kerry N1axrvell, copl,.right
@ Kerrv Maxu'ell 2007, reprinted by perrnission of the audror. Adaptecl
material frorn'Tiade Secrets: Food & Drink' byAlex:rndra Fraser,
copvright @ Alexandra Fraser 1999, reprintcd by pemission of (lrion
Non-fiction, an imprint of C)rion Publishing Gloup, Londor"r. Extract
from'Hig-h Fidelity' by NicL Hornby,', copyright @ Nrck Hornby 199,t,
reprintccl bv pennission of Penglin Group UK. Material from article
'The \tr/crrstJobs in Science 2007' byJason Daley. Screenplay Exccrpt
from'Bram Stoker's l)racula'copl,right @ 1992 Colurnbia Picturcs
Inclustries, Inc. All Rights Reserved, courtesy of Columbia Pictures.
Material from article' Concerned Citizens' published in Education
Citizcnship and SocialJustice byAssociate Professor Cathie Holden at
Llniversity ofExeter, copt'right O Cathie Holden 2006, reprinted by
permission of the author. Fitter Heppier \Vcrrcls and n4usic by Thornas
Edward Yorke, Jonathan Richard, Gu1. Gr""nwood and Dan Rickrvood.
l\'/arner/Ch:rppell Music Lirnited (PRS). All Rights Rcserwed.
\A,te are very grateftil to Andy Price for generously allou.ing us to interoierl'
lrirn rrrJ include extractr ofhis nruric.
Thesc nratcrials may contain links for third party wcbsitcs. \Vc har.e no
control over, and are not respor.rsible for, the conter.rts ofsuch third partv
websites. Please use care when accessing thcm.
Although u.e have triecl to trace and contact copyright holders betbrc
publicatior, in some c:rses this has not been possible. If contacted v'e u'ill
be pleased to rectifi'any errors or omissions at the earliest oppornrniq-.
Printed in Thailand
2414 2A13 2012 2011
1110 I B 7 6 5
ISBN 978-0-230-03309-2

11ililt|ilililill]ilililt1