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Classification of Beam Supports
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5.2 Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams
• Determination of maximum normal and
shearing stresses requires identification of
maximum internal shear force and bending
couple.
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Example 1
For the timber beam and loading shown, draw the shear and
bend-moment diagrams and determine the maximum normal
stress due to bending.
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SOLUTION:
• Treating the entire beam as a rigid body, determine
the reaction forces
from Fy 0 M B : RB 46 kN RD 14 kN
• Section the beam and apply equilibrium analyses
on resulting free bodies
Fy 0 20 kN V1 0 V1 20 kN
M1 0 20 kN 0 m M1 0 M1 0
Fy 0 20 kN V2 0 V2 20 kN
M2 0 20 kN 2.5 m M 2 0 M 2 50 kN m
V3 26 kN M 3 50 kN m
V4 26 kN M 4 28 kN m
V5 14 kN M 5 28 kN m
V6 14 kN M6 0
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• Identify the maximum shear and bending
moment from plots of their distributions.
Vm 26 kN M m M B 50 kN m
833.33 10 6 m3
MB 50 103 N m
m
S 833.33 10 6 m3
m 60.0 106 Pa
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Example 2
The structure shown is constructed of a W250 167 rolled-steel
beam.
(a) Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams for the beam
and the given loading.
(b) Deter-mine normal stress in sections just to the right and left
of point D.
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SOLUTION:
• Replace the 45-kN load with equivalent force-
couple system at D. Find reactions at B.
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• Apply the elastic flexure formulas to
determine the maximum normal stress to
the left and right of point D.
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5.3 Relations among Load, Shear, and Bending Moment
+↑
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Example 3
Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams for the beam and
loading shown.
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SOLUTION:
• Taking the entire beam as a free body, determine the
reactions at A and D.
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• Apply the relationship between bending
moment and shear to develop the bending-
moment diagram.
dM
V dM V dx
dx
bending moment at A and E is zero
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Example 4
Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams for the beam and
loading shown.
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SOLUTION:
• Taking the entire beam as a free body,
determine the reactions at C.
Fy 0 12 w0a RC RC 12 w0a
a a
M C 0 12 w0 a L M C M C 12 w0a L
3 3
Results from integration of the load and shear
distributions should be equivalent.
• Apply the relationship between shear and load
to develop the shear diagram.
a
a
x x 2
VB V A w0 1 dx w0 x
2a
0 a 0
VB 12 w0 a area under load curve
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• Apply the relationship between bending moment
and shear to develop the bending-moment diagram.
a
a x 2 x 2 x3
M B M A w0 x dx w0
2a 2 6a
0 0
M B 13 w0 a 2
L
M C M B 12 w0 a dx 12 w0 aL a
a
a w0 a
M C 16 w0 a3L a L
2 3
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5.4 Design of Prismatic Beams for
Bending
• The largest normal stress is found at the surface where the maximum bending
moment occurs.
M max c M max
m
I S
M
m all S min max
all
• Among beam section choices which have an acceptable section modulus, the
one with the smallest weight per unit length or cross-sectional area will be
the least expensive and the best choice.
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Design Procedure
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Example 5
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SOLUTION:
VBR = 20 kN
(-24)
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Example 6
A simply supported steel beam is to carry the distributed and
concentrated loads shown. Knowing that the allowable normal
stress for the grade of steel to be used is 160 MPa, select the wide-
flange shape that should be used.
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SOLUTION: • Considering the entire beam as a free body,
determine the reactions at A and D.
M A 0 D5 m 60 kN 1.5 m 50 kN 4 m
D 58.0 kN
Fy 0 Ay 58.0 kN 60 kN 50 kN
Ay 52.0 kN
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• Determine the minimum acceptable beam section
modulus.
M max 67.6 kN m
Smin
all 160 MPa
422.5 106 m3 422.5 103 mm3
W410x38.8, W: wide flange beam, 410: nominal depth, 38.8: weight/unit length (kg/m)
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Exercise
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