( Reaffirmed 1991 )

IS : 2093 - 1974

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
DISTRIBUTORS FOR HOT TAR AND BITUMEN
( First Revision)
Construction Plant and Machinery Sectional Committee, BDC 28

Chairman Repescnting
MAJ-GEN J. S. BAWA Directorate General
of Border Roads ( Ministry of
Shipping & Transport ), New Delhi
Members
DIBECK)R(P&M) Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi
DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( P & M ) ( Alrcmnre )
SHRI N. S. GILL Punjab Agro-Industrial Corporation Ltd. Chandigarh
SWRIR. P. GODBOLB Sayaji Iron & Engineering Co Pvt Ltd, Baroda
SHRI R. SHANJUR (~&mate)
COL N. C. Gupra Voltas L$d, Bombay
SHR1 N. K. P~LLAI ( &emu& )
JOINT DIRECTOR ( WORIU ) Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways )
JOINT DIRECTOR ( Crv ENGG ) ( AIkmak )
BRIG P. N. KAPOOR Ministry of Defcnce ( R & D )
Lr-Cob LALJX D. SINGH ( Altemute )
SARI B. KARMAR~~AR Hindustan Construction Co Ltd. Bombay
SHRI J. P. KAU~HISH Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR),
Roorkee
SHRI S. S. WADHWA ( Altmuk )
SHRI S. Y. KHAN Killick, Nixon & Co Ltd, Bombay
SHRI A. MEH~A ( A&mate )
SHRI N. KUMAR Heatly and Graham (India ) Ltd, Calcutta
&iRI V. GIJLATI( Alkma& )
SHRXJ. C. MALHOTRA Bear Project, Talwara Township
SHRI R. K. MALHOIXA ( Alkmk )
SHRI M. R MALYA Burmah Shell Oil Storage & Distributing Co of India
Ltd, Bombay
DR B. S. BASSI ( ~kmuk )
MAJ-GEN 0. M. MANI Bharat Earth Movers Ltd, Bangalore
COL G. K. GOKHALE(Nkmuk )
SHRI G. C. MATHUR National Buildings Organization, New Delhi
SHRI M. A. M!%fTA The Concrete Association of India, Bombay
SEIU Y. K. MALTA ( A&emak)

( Cimtind on pugpI2 )

@ Copyright 1974
1NDUN STANDARDS INSTITUTION
This publication is protected under tbe Indian Copyright Acf (XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to he an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
F

IS t 2093 - 1974

Ml?ttIb.TS Rcpwlltillg
SHRIJ. F. ROBERT Mosw Vak Engineering Private Ltd, Bombay
SHRI T. U. MAKHIJANI ( Altcmok )
SHRI T. H. PESHOR~ Rccondo Private Ltd, Bombay
SHRI T. H. PESHORI Builders Association of India, Bombay
SHRI TARLAUCHANSXNGEI Al&mate)
SRRI V. RAVU Dircctoratc General of Technical Devdoomcnt.
‘ I New
Delhi
SHRI V. V. RANONEUAR Dircccz;tc General of Supplia & Disposals, New

SHRI B. M. SEN Central Mechanical Engineering Rcscarch Institute

( CSIR ), Durgapur
SHRI H. A. SIDDIQI ( Alternate
)
SUPERXNTENDING ENGINEER, DELHI Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
CENTRAL ELECTRICAL CIRCLE
No. III
Execv~~ve ENGINEER( ELECTRI-
CAL ) MECHANICAL & WORK-
SHOP DWISION ( Al&mutt )
PRO? C. G. SWAMINATHAN Ccnt&Road Rcscarch Institute ( CSIR ), New

BRIQ TARLOCHAN SINGH Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters

Lr-COL LAKSRMAN CHAND ( Altemfc )
S&I P. K. THAKUR Roads Wing ( Ministry of Shipping Bi Transport )
SHRI G. VISWANATHAN (Ahmate )
SHIU N. S. VISWANATWXN Marshall Sons l(r Co Mfg Ltd, Madras
SHRI B. \‘. K. ACHAR ( Aftnnlr )
SHRI D. AJITHA SIMHA, Director General, IS I ( Ex-cjicio MO&T )
Director ( Civ Engg )
4 Stffd3lj
SHRI Y. R. TANPJA
Dcpury Director ( Civ Engg ), ISI

2
 Indian Stardad
SPECIFICATION FOR
DISTRIBUTORS FOR HOT TAR AND BITUMEN

( First Revision )
0. FOREWORD

0.1This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian

Standards Institution on 8 February 1974, after the draft finalized by the
Construction Plant and Machinery Sectional Committee had been approved
by the Civil Engineering Division Council.

0.2 This standard was published in 1962. The first revision has been taken
up to incorporate the modifications resulting from experience gained with the
use of this standard.

0.3 In view of convenience of bulk supply of tar and bitumen from the supp-
liers, there is an increasing use of mechanical distributors in the pavement
construction work, such as surface dressing, soil stabilization and grouting.
In surface dressing, uniformity of distribution of binder across the surface is
one of the most important factors in achieving a durable and strong surface.
Time for distributing binder is very valuable specially in Iarge pavement
construction work from the point of view of economy and quality of the
finished surface. Distributors are being used by various organizations
because of their unique advantages over other means. This standard has
been prepared with a view to assisting the users in obtaining distributors
capable of distributing binder uniformly to the specified standard and having
a satisfactory mechanical efficiency.

0.4 Some of the important modifications in the first revision include the
amplification of terminology and the provisions concerning safety require-
ments and performance.

0.5 This standard includes a number of requirements which are at the option
of the purchaser; for the sake of convenience to the purchaser and the supplier,
requirements to be specified by the purchaser while making an enquiry or
placing an order for distributors for hot tar and bitumen have been listed in
Appendix A.

0.6 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this

standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing

3
x5:2093-1974

the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with

IS : Z-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the rounded
off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers distributors for hot tar and bitumen for pavement
construction work, such as surface dressing, soil stabilization and grouting.
The standard lays down the requirements for roadworthiness, capacity,
construction, safety and performance.

PART I GENERAL

2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply.
2.1 lider -Tar, bitumen, tar/bitumen mixture or a cutback, with or
without special additives.
2.2 Rate of Spread - The number of litres of binder required to cover one
square metre of surface at the temperature of application.
2.3 Mobile Distributor - A distributor, which may be either a trailer or
a self-propelled vehicle, capable of travelling considerable distances on roads
at speeds up to the statutory limit.
2.4 Transportable Distributor - A distributor, which is intended for
travelling short distances at low speeds, and is normally carried to any
distant site on another vehicle.
NOTE - Distributors for hand spraying are usually transportable. Mechanical
distributors are usually mobile.

3. TYPES
3.1 The distributors shall be of the following types. They may be mobile
or transportable :
a) Binder tanks and spraying equipment for hand spraying, with
manually or mechanically operated pressure systems.
b) Mechanical tank-spraying units, provided with a series of nozzle
fixed to a transverse header holding binder under pressure.
c) Mechanical tank-units, provided either with gravity outflow pipes
or a pump feed, combined with revolving or oscillating brushes to
distribute the binder. .
4 Mechanical.tank-units, provided with a combination of gravity or
pump-fed nmple nozzles and a series of blades revolving on a
horizontal shaft.
*Rules ‘for rounding offnumerical values ( mid).

4
 ISt20!93-1374

4.1 The distributors shall have the following standard.nominal capacities :,

Litres
loo0
1500
2000
3000
5000
7500
iOOO0
4.2 The actual capacity of the distributor shall be at least 10 percent greater
than the nominal capacity.

5. TANKS

5.1 When distributors have pan type or U-shaped tanks, which can be
filled from drums, their general construction shall comply with the require-
ments specified in IS : 2094-1962 *. A barrel hoist shall be fitted when
required by the purchaser.
5.2 When a pressure tank is employed, this shall comply with the relevant
safety regulations for pressure vessels.
5.3 The tank shall have a dipstick clearly marked with the serial number of
the tank to which it belongs. The dipstick shall fit into a guide or be posi-
tively located by other means, and shall be calibrated and clearly marked to
show the contents of the tank at any level within an accuracy of f 1 percent
of the nominal capacity.

6. LAGGING OF TANKS

6.1 Lagging of tanks shall comply with the following requirements :

a) The tank shall be covered with a suitable lagging material of ade-
quate thickness; exposed feed and return pipes from the tank to the
means of application shall also be lagged. The lagging material in
contact with the tank shall be non-combustible.
b) The insulating material shall be protected and retained in position
by suitable lagging plates, or their equivalent, to ensure that it does
not deteriorate in USCor become impregnated with binder.
*Specification for h&ten for tar and hitumax.

5
IS : 2093- 1974

c) The temperature drop in a full load of binder, at an initial tem-

perature of 150°C with the atmospheric temperature between 24°C
and 30°C shall be not more than 20°C after 8 h when the tank and
its contents are at rest.

7. HEATERS

7.1 Where heaters are reqtiired to raise the temperature, the heating arrange-
ments for distributors shall comply with the requirements specified in
IS: 2094-1962*.

8. UEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE

8.1 Distributors shall be fitted with a temperature indicator, or indicators, to

show both the temperature at which the binder is being drawn OK for applica-
tion and the maximum temperature of the binder in the tank. The indicator,
or indicators shall be accurate to within f 3°C.

9. COMPLIANCE WITH IPJDIAN STANDARDS

9.1 All materials used in the construction of distributors shall comply with
appropriate Indian Standards.

10. ROADWORTHINESS
10.1 Mobile distributors shall be fitted with pneumatic tyres of a size
adequate to carry the fully working load of the vehicle at normal travelling
speeds. All road wheels shall run on ball or roller bearings.
10.2 Transportable distri+utors may be fitted with iron, rubber or pneumatic
tyres, and the wheels may run on plain bearings. An efficient hand-
operated parking brake shall be provided.
10.3 All distributors shall comply with the relevant road traffic regulations.

11. MARKING

11.1 Each distributor shall have firmly attached to it a plate giving the
following particulars :
a) Manufacturer’s name or trade-name,
b) Type of distributor,
c) Nominal capacity,
d) Tank serial number, and
e) Year of manufacture.
*Specification for heatersfor tar and bitumen.

6
 u:2033-1974

11.1.1 The distributor may also be marked with the IS1 Certification
Mark.
NOTB- The use of tht JSI Certiiication Mark is governed by the provisions of the
Indian Standards Institution ( Certification Marks 1 Act and the Rules and Reaulations
made thereunder. The ISI‘ Mark on produc& covered by an Indian standard
conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements
of that standard under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality control
which is devised and supervised by ISi and operated by the producer. IS1 marked
nroducts are also continuouslv checked bv ISI for conformitv to that standard as a
&her safeguard. Details of’conditions &der which a lice&e for the use of the
IS1 Certification Mark may be granted to manufacturers or processors, may be
obtained from the Indian Standards Institution.

PART II ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR

HAND-SPRAYING EQUIPMENT

12. PUMPING SYSTEM

12.1 The binder pump shall be either inside the tank or attached close to a
heated part of the casing, so that special preheating is not required before
pumping. The pumping system shall be so designed that there are no visible
pulsations at the spray nozzle.
12.2 To assist in clearing the system, provisions shall be made either for
pumping air through the nozzle pipe or for.admitting air to it at the pump end.
An additional device for drawing in the binder left over in the spray bar may
also be provided, if required by the purchaser.
12.3 The capacity of a hand-operated pump shall be such that not more than
45 revolutions or double strokes per minute are required for the normal
output of the spray nozzle.

13. STRAINER

13.1 A strainer, in which the maximum dimension of any aperture is not

more than half the minimum dimension of the smallest aperture in the pump
valves or spray nozzle, shall be provided on the pump suction pipe. The
strainer shall be easily removable for cleaning and shall be designed in such a
way that all the binder wiIl pass through it.

14. FLEXIBLE PIPE AND SPRAY PIPE

14.1 The flexible pipe and spray pipe shall have not less than 12 mm bore.
The flexible pipe shall be not less than 3 m long and shall be made of a
material that will resist deterioration from the hot binder. The pipe and its
unions shall be capable of withstanding four times the maximum pressure
that can be developed in the system.

7
Is:m!B3-1974

15. SPRAY LANCE

15.1 The spray lance shall be fitted with thermally-insulated adjustable

handles and a shut-off valve shall be provided between the pump and the
spray nozzles.

16. SPRAY NOZZLE

16.1 The spray nozzle shall be of a type which will deliver the binder in a
fine spray of well-defined shape.

17. PRESSURE GAUGE

17.1 A suitable pressure gauge, capable of reading to at least double the

normal working pressure and accurate to within f 5 percent, shall be fitted
to the delivery pipe.

PART III ADDlTfONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MECHANICAL

DISTRIEQUTORS (PRESSURE AND GRAVITY OPERATED)

18. SPEED CONTROL

18.1 Mechanical distributors, or the vehicles which tow them, shall be fitted
with an accurate means of indicating the road speed when the vehicle is
travelling at operational speeds. The road speed indicator shall be indepen-
dent of the normal vehicle speedometer.
lS.lJ The road speed indicator shall be so designed that the scale reading
for 0.5 km/h measured on the periphery of the scale is not less than 8 mm.
18.12 The road speed indicator shall be so placed that the driver can
read it with.the least possible distraction from driving the vehicle or operating
the distributor.
18.1.3 The road speed indicator shall be tested and certified as accurate to
within f 5 percent.
18.1.4 The road speed indicator shall be marked with a serial number.
18.2 If the road speed indicator is in effect with an engine tachometer, the
gear or gears for which it gives correct road speeds shall be clearly marked.

19. DISTRIBUTION

19.1 Mechanical distributors shall be capable of spreading the binder on

the road with the uniformity ~pedfied in 22 when the distributor is travelling
at any speed within the range necessary to give a rate of spread of 0.3 to
2.0 l/m2 by varying the pressure, nozzle spacing, type of nozzle and road
speed.

8
20. HOOD

20.1 If the distribution mechanism produces a finely atomized spray liable

to be diverted by wind, a protective hodd shall be provided covering the
spraying attachment, extending close to but not touching the ground, and
not impeding the spray.

21. DRAW-OFF COCK AND HAND LANCE

21.1 Provision shall be made for fitting a draw& cock to which a hand-
spraying lance may be attached.

22. TEST FOR UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION

22.1 For the distributors capkble of being tested in accordance with the
general requirements described in Appendix B, the amount of binder collected
on any strip of surface 5 cm wide within the effective width, the length of the
strip being parallel to the direction of travel of the distributor, shall not differ
from the average amount over the effective width by more than 15 percent.
Furtlier, the mean of the amount of binder collected in any four adjacent trays
within the effective width shall not differ from the average over the effective
width by more than 10 percent.
22.2 For the purpose of calculating the average amount collected, the effcc-
tive width shall be the whole sprayed width less 15 cm at each side.
22.3 The amount of binder received on the 15 cm margin at either side of
the effective width of the spray shall be neither less than 50 percent nor more
than 100 percent of the mean amount per 15 cm of the effective width sprayed.

23. CERTIFICATE OF COMPIUNCE

23.1 4 cert.&ate of compliance with the requirements of 19 shall be supplied

with each mechanical distributor. The certificate shall bear the date of the test.

24. INSTRWCXXONS

24.1 Instructions shall be supplied with each distributor to enable the

operator to ensure that the specified rate of spread is obtained.

PART IV ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MECHANICAL

DISTRIBUTORS WITH PRESSURE FEED

25. PUMPlNG SYSTEM

25.1 When the binder distributing system is supplied from a pipe, carrying
bmder under pressure, the rate of spread of the binder is commonly controlled

9
lS:2093-1974
by one of the following methods :
a) Keeping the pressure constant in the spray-bar, and controlling
the speed of the vehicle;
b) Using a metering pump driven by a separate engine, both pump
speed and vehicle speed being controlled. In this case, an accurate
tachometer shall be fitted, from which the operator can determine
the rate of delivery either directly or by reference pump to the
calibration tables; and
c) Using a metering pump synchronized with the road speed of the
vehicle. In this case, the pump shall be driven at a speed which
remains proportional to that of the vehicle. During full width
spraying, the whole delivery of the pump shall be passed to the
spray-bar, any bypass or excess valve being closed. The pump
shall be capable of being set to any one of an adequate range of
speed ratios.
25.2 The supply system to the nozzles shall be such that all nozzles in use
commence spraying simultaneously with a full spray at the start of a run and
shut off simultaneously and cleanly at the end of a run.
25.3 Means shall be provided to control and maintain the working pressure
of the binder for any width of spray, without having to make frequent
adjustment.
25.4 If pressure control is by a valve on the return pipe from the spray-bar
to the tank, this pipe shall discharge into the tank above the maximum binder
level to prevent accidental gravity flow of binder into the spray-bar.
25.5 Means shall be provided for cleaning all nozzles and pipes of binder
after spray.

26. STRAINER

26.1 A strainer, in which the maximum dimension of any aperture is not more
than half the minimum dimension of the smallest aperture or passage in the
nozzles, shall be provided in the pump suction or between the pump and the
spray-bar. The strainer shall be easily removable for cleaning and shall be
designed in such a way that all of the binder, will pass through it.

27. PRESSURE GAUGE

27.1 Two pressure gauges, visible from the operator’s position, shall be
fitted to show the binder pressure in the supply pipe between the strainer and
the nozzles. It shall be so designed and arranged that it responds readily to
changes in pressure. The gauges shall have a range of two to three times the
working pressure and shall have a dial not less than 100 mm in diameter.
They shall be accurate to within f 5 percent.

10
 I8:2093-1974

27.2 The gauge shall have a range of two to three times the working pressure
and shall have a dial of not less than 10 cm diameter.

28. SPRAY-BAR

28.1 Provision shall be made for varying the number of nozzles in USC to
suit variations in the width of road to be covered.

28.2 The design of the nozzles shall be such that they are accurately ID
producible by normal manufacturing methods.

28.3 Nozzles shall be so mounted that their correct alignment is positively

set and maintained. Plain screwed connections shall not be used unless
supplemented by some positive locking device to ensure that the correct
alignment is maintained.

28.4 The characteristics of thenozzles shall be such that zones of

spray from
adjacent nozzles combine to give a sprayed film of the required uniformity on
the road when the spray bar is at any operational height above the road.

PART V ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MECHANICAL

DISTRIBUTORS WITH GRAVITY FEED

29. MEcHANIcALAlDs

29.0 Mechanical distributors in which the binder is delivered by gravity,

and which rely on mechanical aids to complete the distribution, shall comply
with the requirements giv-en in 29.1 and 29.2 in addition to those given in
Part I and Part III.

29.1 Means &all be provided to compensate for the change of head, for
example, by a marked regulating valve by which the delivery may be kept
reasonably constant or by accurate calibration of the rates of delivery first
with the tank full and then with the tank nearly empty, so that the rate of
spread on the road may be kept constant by appropriate variation in the road
speed of the distributor.

29.2 If nozzles are fitted, a strainer in which the maximum dimension of any
aperture is not more than half the minimum dimension of the smallest aper-
ture or passage in the nozzles shall be provided either at the filling position or
on the outlet pipe. The strainer shall be easily removable for cleaning and
shall be designed in such a way that all of the binder will pass through it.

11
 APPENDIXA
( CZause 0.5 )

INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH AN ENQmY OR ORDRR

A-l. Information in regard to the following requirements which are at the

option of the purchaser shall be supplied to the manufacturer while making
an enquiry or placing an order for distributors for hot tar and bitumen:
a) Type ( see 3.1 ),
b) Nominal capacity ( see 4.1),
c) Whether a barrel hoist is required ( see 5.1 ),
d) Whether heaters are required ( see 7.1 ), and
e) Whether a device for drawing in binder left over in the spray bar is
required ( see 12.2 ). -

APPENDIX B
( CZaxse22.1 )
TEST FOR UNIFORMITY OF TRANSVERSE DISTRIBUTION OF
BINDER ( DEPOT TRAY TESTS )

B-l. GENERAL

B-l.1 This appendix lays down the method for testing uniformity of distribu-
tion of binder across the surface being sprayed. Various methods for deter-
mining the transverse uniformity of distribution have been developed, the
essential requirements of which are the following :
a) The conditions prevailing during the test are comparable with those
occurring during normal operations as regards :
1) temperature of binder,
2) viscosity of binder,
3) height of distributing gear above the test surface,
4) pressure in the distribution system, and
5) speed of operation of mechanical distributing gear when
applicable

12
 IS:2093-1974

b) The test surface is divided into strips of equal width, usually 5 cm;
the length of the strips being parallel to the direction of travel of the
distributor.
c) The test is so arranged that the distributor can operate for a suffi-
cient period to obtain the normal working conditions, and when this
has been achieved, the test surface is exposed to the discharge for
suitable period.
d) *The amount of binder delivered on each 5-cm strip is then measured
and the results expressed as a percentage deviation from the mean
for all the 5-cm units over the effective width. The effective width
is defined as the sprayed width less the 15-cm margin at each side.
e) The results of the test are recorded in the form indicated in Fig. 1.
A suitable record card is shown in Fig. 2.

B-2. DEPOT TRAY TEST

B-2.1 The apparatus consists of a wheeled trolley carrying a set of removable

containers. Each container is 5 cm wide, 1 m long and 15 cm deep, made of
0.900 mm thick mild steel sheet, and of approximately 7 litres capacity. The
containers extend to a width 15 cm greater than the full spray width of the
distributor, there being six containers in 30 cm of spray width. The rim of
each container is lipped on one side in order that the containers will overlap
and prevent binder from escaping. Before each test, the containers are
examined for damage and replacement made if such damage is likely to
affect the test.

B-2.2 The trolley runs on steel rails fastened to the top of 1 500 litre catch
tank, the rails being horizontal and parallel to the sides of the tank and suffi-
ciently long to allow the trolley to lie clear of the spray before the test. The
top rim of each container, when fitted on the trolley, is parallel to thr rails, and
the same distance below the nozzles or distributing gear as of the road surface
under normal working conditions.

B-2.3 The distributor is backed into position with the spray-bar ‘over the
catch tank, precautions being taken to see that the spray-bar is horizontal and
at right angles to the rails. The trolley and containers rest on the rails clear
of the spray hood. A short preliminary spray is made to ensure that all
nozzles are functioning and that the distributor is otherwise in normal work-
ing condition.

B-2.4 The trolley and containers are then pushed underneath the spray-bar
and spraying is commenced, and maintained for a period of time sufficient
almost to fill the containers. The trolley is then withdrawn to the previous
position.

13
 UPPERPtzRMIJSIBLE
LIMIT

EfFECflVE WIDTH

FIG. 1 TYPICAL RESULTS OF TEST FOR UNIFORMITY OF TRANSVERSE DISTRIBUTIONOF BINDER

 o-

25 -

50 -

75 -

too -

5 a-

90 -
I I
?”
:n I 1
175 -
34 I I I
>L I, t
22

35 I I I
J
200 -

225 -

tl

2500,
l 20 b20 +10 0 -10

I mxYl*W orn itlW FROM MEAN

FIG. 2 RECORDCARD FORTasr FOR TRANSVERSZ DHTRIBUTION

OF BINDER

B-2.5 The depth of binder in each container is measured by dipping with a

steel rule graduated m millimetres. Each container is dipped in the same
position, a convenient place being about 30 cm from one end. Dipping is to
commence when the froth has settled.

15