JAPANESE

INDUSTRIAL
STANDARD
Translated and Published by
Japanese Standards Association

JIS Z 2256: 2010

(JISF)
Metallic materials - Hole expanding test

ICS 77.040.10
Reference number: JIS Z 2256 : 2010 (E)

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Z 2256 : 2010

Date of Establishment: 2010-10-20

Date of Public Notice in Official Gazette: 2010-10-20
Investigated by: Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
Standards Board
Technical Committee on Iron and Steel

JIS Z 2256: 2010, First English edition published in 2011-02

Translated and published by: Japanese Standards Association

4-1-24, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8440 JAPAN

In the event of any doubts arising as to the contents,

the original JIS is to be the final authority.

© JSA 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without
permission in writing from the publisher.

Printed in Japan HN

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 Z 2256: 2010

Contents

Page

Introduction ............................................................................................... 1

1 Scope································································································1
2 Normative reference············································································1
3 Terms and definitions··· ..................................................................... ··2
4 Symbols and designations· .................................................................. ··2
5 Principle ........................................................................................... 2
6 Apparatus ......................................................................................... 4
6.1 General····························································································· 4
6.2 Testing machine· .............................................................................. ··4
6.3 Testing tools······················································································ 4
7 Test piece .......................................................................................... 4
8 Test·· ................................................................................................ 6
9 Calculation of test result·· .................................................................. ··7
10 Test report· ........................................................................................ 8

Annex JA (informative) Comparison table between JIS and the correspond-

ing International Standard ·······································9

(i)

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Z 2256 : 2010

Foreword

This translation has been made based on the original Japanese Indus-
trial Standard established by the Minister of Economy, Trade and In-
dustry through deliberations at the Japanese Industrial Standards
Committee to the proposal for establishment of Japanese Industrial
Standard submitted by The Japan Iron and Steel Federation (JISF)
with the draft being attached, based on the provision of Article 12
Clause 1 of the Industrial Standardization Law.
This JIS document is protected by the Copyright Law.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some parts of this Standard
may conflict with a patent right, application for a patent after opening
to the public, utility model right or application for registration of utility
model after opening to the public which have technical properties. The
relevant Minister and the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
are not responsible for identifying the patent right, application for a
patent after opening to the public, utility model right or application for
registration of utility model after opening to the public which have the
said technical properties.

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JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD JIS Z 2256 : 2010

Metallic materials - Hole expanding test

Introduction
This Japanese Industrial Standard has been prepared based on the first edition of
ISO 16630 published in 2009 with some modifications of the technical contents.
The portions given dotted underlines are the matters in which the contents of the
original International Standard have been modified. A list of modifications with the
explanations is given in Annex JA.

1 Scope
This Standard specifies the test method of hole expansion in sheet metallic materials
with a thickness range gH~inly of 1.2 mm to 6.0 mm and a width of not less than 90
mm.
NOTE 1 This test is normally applicable to the sheet and strip, and is used to
assess the suitability of the product for forming flanges.
NOTE 2 The International Standard corresponding to this Standard and the
symbol of degree of correspondence are as follows.
ISO 16630 : 2009 Metallic materials - Sheet and strip - Hole ex-
panding test (MOD)
In addition, symbols which denote the degree of correspondence in
the contents between the relevant International Standard and JIS are
IDT (identical), MOD (modified), and NEQ (not equivalent) according
to ISO/lEe Guide 21-1.
Warning: Persons conducting the test by using this Standard should be familiar
with normal laboratory practice. This Standard does not purport to
address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is
the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices.

2 Normative reference
The following standard contains prOVISIons which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this Standard. The most recent edition of the standard (in-
cluding amendments) listed below shall be applied.
JIS Z 8401 Guide to the rounding ofnumbers
NOTE: Corresponding International Standard : ISO 31-0 Quantities and units
- Part 0 : General principles (MOD)

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3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 limiting hole expansion ratio
the ratio of the hole diameter expansion obtained in a circular punched hole of a test
piece when a conical expanding tool is forced into the hole until anyone crack in the hole
edge extends through the full thickness of the test piece to the original hole diameter
3.2 clearance
gap between the die and the punch, present when a hole is punched in a test piece
NOTE: Clearance is expressed as the ratio of the gap between die and punch to
the thickness of test piece.

4 Symbols and designations

The symbols and corresponding designations used in this Standard are given in table 1.

Table 1 Symbols and designations

Symbol Designation Unit
c Clearance %
dd Inside diameter of the die used for punching a hole in the test piece mm
dp Diameter of the punch used for punching a hole in the test piece mm
Dd Inside diameter of the die for hole expanding mm
Dh Average hole diameter in test piece after hole expanding test mm
Do Hole diameter in test piece before hole expanding test mm
Dp Diameter of the punch for hole expanding mm
F Clamping force N
R Corner radius of the die for hole expanding mm
t Thickness of the test piece mm
A Limiting hole expansion ratio %
A Average limiting hole expansion ratio %

5 Principle
The hole expanding test shall be conducted with the following two steps.
a) Punching a hole in a test piece as given in figure 1.
b) Forcing a conical expanding tool into the hole in test piece punched in a) until any
one crack generated in the hole edge extends through the full thickness of the test
pIece.

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Z 2256: 2010

3 3
1 1

C L..

a) Before punching b) After punching

1 Test piece
2 Die for punching
3 Punch for punching

Figure 1 Illustration of punching

a) Before testing b) After testing

1 Test piece
2 Die shoulder
3 Die
4 Burr
5 Crack extending through full thickness
6 Angle of punch tip
7 Punch
Figure 2 Illustration of hole expanding test

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6 Apparatus
6.1 General
The apparatus for the test consists of the testing machine and the testing tools.
6.2 Testing machine
The testing machine shall have the capability to hold a test piece in place during the
test and to stop the testing tool for hole expanding as soon as a crack generates in the
hole edge.
The testing machine shall also be capable of controlling the displacement speed of
the testing tool for hole expanding.
For the testing machine, that intended exclusively for hole expanding tests, a deep
drawing test machine or any other press testing machine may be used.
6.3 Testing tools
6.3.1 The dimensions and the shape of the die and the punch used in the hole ex-
panding test are given in 6.3.2 to 6.3.5 (see figure 2).
6.3.2 The punch shall be a conical expanding tool with a tip angle of 60 ° ± 1 o. The
diameter Dp of the cylindrical portion of the tool shall be sufficiently large so that it
can expand the hole to such an extent that cracks are generated in the hole edge of the
test piece.
6.3.3 The inside diameter Dd of die to clamp the test piece shall be selected on the ba-
sis of the limiting hole expansion ratio expected.
The inside diameter Dd should be not less than 40 mm.
6.3.4 The corner radius R of the clamping die shall be between 2 mm and 20 mm.
The recommended radius is 5 mm.
6.3.5 The conical expanding tool shall have a minimum hardness of 55 HRC.

7 Test piece
7.1 At least three test pieces shall be taken from the sample (see fj.K~~r..~__ a_~nct 8.2).
7.2 The test piece shall be flat and of such dimensions that the centre of any hole is
not less than 45 mm from any edge of the test piece nor less than 90 mm from the cen-
tre of the adj acent hole (see figure 3).

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Z 2256: 2010

Unit: mm

;::::45 ;::::45 ;::::90

I
!
J
!
Ie ::1

LQ
~
(
\. )-
LQ
~
(
\. )- -$- -$-
/\1 /\1

a) When one test is conducted b) When three tests are conducted on one test piece
on one test piece

Figure 3 Dimensions of test pieces

7.3 In the central part of the test piece, a hole shall be punched using a 10 mm di-
ameter punch (see figure 1).
7.4 When punching a hole in the test piece, a die that satisfies the clearance given in
table 2 shall be selected. For this reason, the selection of the inside diameter of die
shall be in increments of 0.1 mm.

Table 2 Tolerances on clearance between die and punch

Thickness of test piece (t) Clearance (c)
mm %
2.0 > t 12 ± 2
2.0 :::; t 12 ± 1

NOTE: An example of the diameters of die used for punching which comply with
the above-mentioned requirements is given in table 3.

Table 3 Exam pIe of inside diameters of dies for punching a hole

Unit: mm
Thickness of test piece (t) Inside diameter of die (dd)
1.2:::; t< 1.5 10.30
1.5:::; t< 1.9 10.40
1.9:::; t< 2.3 10.50
2.3:::; t< 2.7 10.60
2.7:::; t< 3.1 10.70
3.1:::;t<3.6 10.80
3.6:::; t< 4.0 10.90
4.0:::; t< 4.4 11.00
4.4:::; t< 4.8 11.10
4.8:::; t< 5.2 11.20
5.2:::; t< 5.7 11.30
5.7:::; t< 6.0 11.40

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7.5 The tolerances on the specified dimensions of the punching tools used for the
preparation of test pieces shall be as given in table 4. The punching tools should be in-
spected on a regular basis in respect to wear.

Table 4 Tolerances on specified dimensions of punching tools

Tolerances
Dimensions
mm
Diameter of punch for punching dp (10 mm) +0.02
-0.03
Inside diameter of die for punching dd (see table 3) +0.03
-0.02

The clearance shall be obtained by the following equation.

c= dd - d p x 100 ............................................................. (1)

2t
where, c : the clearance (%)
dd the inside diameter of the die for punching a hole in the
test piece (mm)
dp the diameter of the punch for punching a hole in the test
piece (dp = 10 mm)
the thickness of the test piece (mm)

8 Test
8.1 In general, tests shall be conducted at a temperature between 10°C and 35 °C.
When tests are conducted under the controlled conditions, the temperature shall be
23°C ± 5°C.
8.2 Three tests shall be conducted; however, the number of tests may be increased
upon the agreement between the parties concerned with delivery.
8.3 The test piece shall be placed so that the centre of the punched hole in the test
piece coincides with the axis of the conical expanding tool and that the plane of the test
piece is perpendicular to the drive direction of the conical punch (see figure 2). In addi-
tion, the test piece shall be placed so that the exit surface (surface with burr) of the
punched hole faces the die; this means that the direction of punching a hole and that of
hole expanding are the same.
8.4 A sufficiently high clamping force shall be applied to the test piece to prevent any
material draw-in from the clamping area during the test.
Example: A clamping force of not less than 50 kN is appropriate for a test piece
of 150 mm x 150 mm.
If the material draw-in occurs, the test results shall be rejected and another test
shall be conducted.

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Z 2256: 2010

8.5 The conical expanding tool shall be forced into the punched hole of the test piece
(see figure 2) at a speed which enables the operator to stop the test when the first
relevant crack appears. The driving speed of the conical punch should not exceed 1
mm/s.
8.6 During the test, the hole edge of the test piece shall be kept under the observation,
and at the first sign of a crack, the driving speed of the conical expanding tool §h9JJld.
R~ reduced to minimize further hole expansion.

8.7 The movement of the punch shall be stopped at the instant a crack extends
through the full thickness of the test piece. The hole diameter in the test piece with
callipers or another suitable instrument (e.g. calibrated profile projector) to the nearest
0.05 mm. The measurement shall be made in two directions perpendicular to each
other by avoiding the crack.
8.8 Some grades of steel allow the cylindrical portion of the expanding tool to force
into the hole in the test piece without generating the crack in hole edge. In this case,
the test piece shall be discarded and the retest shall be conduced by using the conical
expanding tool of a suitably large diameter.
If tools of larger diameter are not available, the hole diameter to be punched may be
decreased upon the agreement between the parties concerned with delivery.

9 Calculation of test result

9.1 The limiting hole expansion ratio A shall be calculated as given in 9.2, 9.3 and 9.4.
9.2 By using the values measured as given in 8.7, the average hole diameter shall be
determined.
9.3 By using the average diameter reported to the first decimal place, the limiting
hole expansion ratio for each of the three II tests shall be calculated as the increase ra-
tio in the hole diameter to the original hole diameter, which is obtained by the follow-
ing equation.
NQt~__:)______ Wh~n_th~_t~)?t~__ m_9K~ __th_0-D_thr~~_~K~_~Qn(~l~~t~d__ ~~__ giygg_ig_S!2~__ th~_DJJm:.
R~r.._~_h~nJ~~_~I?pli~g:

A = Dh - D o x 100 ........................................................... (2)

Do
where, A the limiting hole expansion ratio (%)
Do the hole diameter before testing (Do = 10 mm)
Dh the average hole diameter after testing (after rupture)
(mm)
9.4 The average limiting hole expansion ratio (A) shall be obtained from the three ).)
test values obtained in 9.3, and shall be rounded to th~jnt~g~r according to Rule A of
JIS Z 8401.

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10 Test report
Wh~nJbg_t~_~t._r~PQrt_j_:?__r~_q\!ix~g~ __it~m.:?__tg __9..~__ r~PQrt~g__:?h~n_9..~_~~1~Q.t~~l_frQm __tb_~_JQ1~.
lQWi).1g_~).1g~rJh~__~gr~_~_m~nt._h~t.w_~_~).1_th~J~~gtjg:?__GQnG~Xn~g,__wjth_g~liy~XY!.

a) a reference to this Standard

b) the identification of test piece
c) the thickness of test piece
d) the average limiting hole expansion ratio and the number of tests when more than
three tests are conducted
e) the range of limiting hole expansion ratio (reported when required)
f) Any variation from this Standard (upon the agreement between the parties con-
cerned with delivery)

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 Annex JA (informative)
Comparison table between JIS and corresponding International Standard
JIS Z 2256 : 2010 Metallic materials - Hole expanding test ISO 16630: 2009 Metallic materials - Sheet and strip - Hole ex-
panding test
(I) Requirements in JIS (II) Inter (III) Requirements in (IV) Classification and details of technical (V) Justification for the
national International Standard deviation between JIS and the Interna- technical deviation and
Standard tional Standard by clause future measures
number
No. and title of Content Clause Content Classification by Detail of technical
clause clause deviation
1 Scope Applicable to sheet me- l Applicable to Addition In Japan, there is a Technical deviation is
tallic materials with a sheet metallic possibility to apply to slight. Addition will be
"'d thickness range mainly materials the sheet material of proposed at the time of the
~
o of 1.2 mm to 6.0 mm and wi th a thick- under 1.2 mm in next revision of ISO
~
trJ a width of not less than ness range of thickness, therefore, Standard.
(")
~ 90mm. 1.2 mm to 6.0 other thicknesses are
trJ
U mm inclusive, made available by
to and a width of adding "mainly".
~
(") at least 90
o mm.
"'d
;3 8.6 Reducing the rate of ad- 8.6 Reducing the Alternation In JIS, the explana- Technical deviation is
""""
Q vance of the expanding rate of ad- tion is modified to slight.
::r: tool is recommended. vance of the permit the case where
~
expanding the rate of advance of
tool is obli- the expanding tool is
gated. not especially reduced
after the generation of
crack when the driving
speed of the expanding
tool is slow.
9.4 Rounding off of the value 9.4 Rounding off Addition Rounding off the av- Technical deviation is N
t.,:)
of average limiting hole of the value of erage limiting hole slight. Addition will be t.,:)
01
expansion ratio. average lim- expansion ratio (%) to proposed at the time of the O':l
iting hole ex- the integer is speci- next revision of ISO t.,:)
pansion ratio. fied. Standard. o
I--'
oc.o
 Nf-'
1\:)0
I\:)
01
m
(I) Requirements in JIS (II) Inter- (III) Requirements in (IV) Classification and details of technical (V) Justification for the
I\:)
national International Standard deviation between JIS and the Interna- technical deviation and o
Standard tional Standard by clause future measures f-'
o
No. and title of Content number Clause Content Classification by Detail of technical
clause clause deviation
10 Test report I terns are selected under 10 Items re- Alteration In JIS, items to be Technical deviation is
the agreement between quired for the reported are selectable slight.
the parties concerned test report are upon the agreement
with delivery. specified. between the parties
concerned with deliv-
"'d
~ ery.
o
~
trJ
(1
~
trJ
U Overall degree of correspondence between JIS and International Standard (ISO 16630: 2009): MOD
t:d
~
(1
o NOTE 1 Symbols in sub-columns of classification by clause in the above table indicate as follows:
"'d
;3 - Addition: Adds the specification item(s) or content(s) which are not included in International Standard.
""""
Q
::r:
~ - Alteration: Alters the specification content(s) which are included in International Standard.
NOTE 2 Symbol in column of overall degree of correspondence between JIS and International Standard in the above table
indicates as follows:
- MOD: Modifies International Standard.
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