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Exercise 2.1
Question 1:
1
Find the principal value of sin 1
2
Solution 1:
1 1
Let sin 1 y, Then sin y sin sin .
2 2 6 6
We know that the range of the principal value branch of sin 1 is ,
2 2
1
and sin ,
6 2
1
Therefore, the principal value of sin 1 is .
2 6
Question 2:
3
Find the principal value of cos 1
2
Solution 2:
3 3
Let cos 1 y . Then cos y cos
2 2 6
We know that the range of the principal value branch of cos 1 is 0,
3
and cos .
6 2
3
Therefore, the principal value of cos 1 is .
2 6
Question 3:
Find the principal value of cosec1 (2)
Solution 3:
Question 4:
Find the principal value of tan 1 3
Solution 4:
Let tan 1 3 y
Then, tan y 3 tan tan .
3 3
We know that the range of the principal value branch of tan 1 is
2 2
and tan is 3.
3
Therefore, known that the principal value of tan 1 3 is 3
.
Question 5:
1
Find the principal value of cos 1
2
Solution 5:
1
Let cos 1 y.
2
1 2
Then, cos y cos cos cos .
2 3 3 3
We know that the range of the principal value branch of cos 1 is 0,
2 1
and cos .
3 2
1 2
Therefore, the principal value of cos 1 is .
2 3
Question 6:
Find the principal value of tan 1 1
Solution 6:
Let tan 1 1 = y.
Then, tan y 1 tan tan .
4 4
We know that the range of the principal value branch of tan 1 is ,
2 2
and tan 1.
4
Therefore, the principal value of tan 1 1 is .
4
Question 7:
2
Find the principal value of sec 1
3
Solution 7:
2 2
Let sec 1 y . Then, sec y sec .
3 3 6
We know that the range of the principal value branch of sec1 is 0,
2
2
and sec .
6 3
2
Therefore, the principal value of sec 1 is .
3 6
Question 8:
Find the principal value of cot 1 3
Solution 8:
Question 9:
1
Find the principal value of cos 1
2
Solution 9:
1
Let cos 1 y .
2
1 3
Then cos y cos cos cos .
2 4 4 4
We know that the range of the principal value branch of cos 1 is [0, ]
3 1
and cos .
4 2
1 3
Therefore, the principal value of cos 1 is 4 .
2
Question 10:
Find the principal value of cosec-1 2
Solution 10:
4
Let cosec-1 2 y. Then, cos ec y 2 cos ec cos ec .
4
We know that the range of the principal value branch of cosec-1 is
2 , 2 {0} and cosec 4 2 .
Therefore, the principal value of cosec-1 2 is 4
.
Question 11:
1 1
Find the value of tan 1 1 cos 1 sin 1
2 2
Solution 11:
Let tan 1 1 x.
Then, tan x =1= tan .
4
tan 1 1
4
1
Let cos 1 y.
2
1 2
Then, cos y cos cos cos .
2 3 3 3
1 2
cos-1
2 3
1
Let sin 1 z.
2
1
Then, sin z sin sin .
2 6 6
1
sin 1
2 6
1 1
tan 1 1 cos 1 sin 1
2 2
2
4 3 6
3 8 2 9 3
12 12 4
Question 12:
1 1
Find the value of cos 1 2sin 1
2 2
Solution 12:
1
Let cos 1 x.
2
1
Then, cos x cos .
2 3
1
cos 1
2 3
1
Let sin 1 y.
2
1
Then, sin y sin .
2 6
1
sin 1
2 6
1 1 2
cos 1 2sin 1 2
2 2 3 6 3 3 3
Question 13:
If sin 1 x y, then
(A) 0 y (B) y
2 2
(C) 0 y (D) y
2 2
Solution 13:
Question 14:
(A) (B) / 3
(C) / 3 (D) 2 / 3
Solution 14:
Let tan 1 3 x. .
Then, tan x 3 tan
3
We know that the range of the principal value branch of tan 1 is , .
2 2
tan 1 3
3
Let sec 2 y.
1
2
Then, sec y 2 sec sec sec .
3 3 3
We know that the range of the principal value branch of sec1 is 0, .
2
2
sec 1 2
3
Thus,
tan 1 3 sec 1
2
2
3 3 3
Exercise 2.2
Question 1:
1 1
Prove 3sin 1 x sin 1 3 x 4 x3 , x ,
2 2
Solution 1:
1 1
To Prove 3sin 1 x sin 1 3x 4 x3 , where x ,
2 2
Let x sin . Then,sin 1 x .
We have,
R.H.S
sin 1 3x 4 x3 sin 1 3sin 4sin 3
sin 1 sin 3
3
3sin 1 x L.H .S
Question 2:
1
Prove 3cos 1 x cos 1 4 x3 3x , x ,1
2
Solution 2:
1
To Prove 3cos 1 x cos 1 4 x3 3x , x ,1
2
Let x cos . Then, cos 1 x
We have
R.H .S
cos 1 4 x3 3 x
Question 3:
1 2 1 7 1 1
Prove tan tan tan
11 24 2
Solution 3:
1 2 7 1
To prove: tan tan 1 tan 1
11 24 2
L.H .S .
2 7
tan 1 tan 1
11 24
2 7
1 1 x y
tan 1 11 24 1
tan x tan y tan 1 xy
2 7
1 .
11 24
11 24
tan 1
11 24 14
11 24
48 77
tan 1
264 14
125 1 1
tan 1 tan R.H.S.
250 2
Question 4:
1 1 1 31
Prove 2 tan tan 1 tan 1
2 7 17
Solution 4:
1 1 1 31
To prove: 2 tan tan 1 tan 1
2 7 17
1 1
L.H.S = 2tan -1 tan 1
2 7
1
2.
tan 1 2 tan 1 1 2 tan 1 x tan 1 2 x
1
2
7 1 x 2
1
2
1 1
tan 1 tan 1
3 7
4
4 1
tan 1 tan 1
3 7
4 1
x y
tan 1 3 7 tan 1 x tan 1 y tan 1
4 1
1 . 1 xy
3 7
28 3
tan 1 21
21 4
21
31
tan 1 R.H.S.
17
Question 5:
1 1 x2 1
Write the function in the simplest form: tan ,x 0
x
Solution 5:
1 x2 1
tan 1
x
Put x tan tan 1 x
1 x2 1 1 tan 2
tan 1 tan 1
x tan
sec 1 1 1 cos
tan 1 tan
tan sin
2
2sin 2
tan 1
2sin cos
2 2
1
tan 1 tan tan 1 x
2 2 2
Question 6:
1
Write the function in the simplest form: tan 1 2 , x 1
x 1
Solution 6:
1
tan 1 2 , x 1
x 1
Question 7:
1 cos x
Write the function in the simplest form: tan 1 , x
1 cos x
Solution 7:
1 cos x
tan 1 , x
1 cos x
1 cos x
tan 1
1 cos x
2 x
2sin
tan 1 2
2 cos 2 x
2
x
sin
tan 1 2
x
cos
2
x
tan 1 tan
2
x
2
Question 8:
cos x sin x
Write the function in the simplest form: tan 1 ,0 x
cos x sin x
Solution 8:
cos x sin x
tan 1
cos x sin x
sin x
1 cos x
tan
1
1 sin x
cos x
1 tan x
tan 1
1 tan x
1 x y 1
tan 1 1 tan 1 tan x 1
tan 1 xy tan x tan y
= x
4
Question 9:
x
Write the function in the simplest form: tan 1 , x a
a x2
2
Solution 9:
x
tan 1
a x2
2
x x
Let, x a sin sin sin 1
a a
x
tan 1
a x2
2
a sin
tan 1
a a sin
2 2 2
a sin
tan 1
a 1 sin
2
a sin
tan 1
a cos
x
tan 1 tan sin 1
a
Question 10:
3a 2 x x3 a a
Write the function in the simplest form: tan 1 3 2
, a 0; x
a 3ax 3 3
Solution 10:
3a 2 x x3
1
Consider, tan 3 2
a 3ax
Let
x x
x a tan tan tan 1
a a
3a 2 x x3
tan 1 3 2
a 3ax
3a 2 a tan a 3 tan 3
1
tan
a 3a a tan
3 2 2
tan 1 tan 3
3
x
3 tan 1
a
Question 11:
1
Find the value of tan 1 2 cos 2sin 1
2
Solution 11:
1
Let sin 1 x.
2
1
Then,sin x sin .
2 6
1
sin 1
2 6
1
tan 1 2 cos 2sin 1
2
tan 1 2 cos 2
6
tan 1 2 cos
3
1
tan 1 2
2
tan 1 1
4
Question 12:
Find the value of cot tan 1 a cot 1 a
Solution 12:
cot tan 1 a cot 1 a
1 1
cot tan x cot x 2
2
0
Question 13:
1 1 2 x 1 1 y
2
Find the value of tan sin cos , x 1, y 0 and xy 1
2 1 x2 1 y 2
Solution 13:
Let x tan .
Then, tan 1 x.
2x 2 tan
sin 1 sin 1
1 x 1 tan
2 2
sin 1 sin 2
2
2 tan 1 x
Let y tan . Then, tan 1 y.
1 y2
1
cos 2
1 y
1 tan 2
cos 1
1 tan
2
cos 1 cos 2
2 2 tan 1 y
1 1 2 x 1 1 y
2
tan sin cos 2
1 x 1 y
2
2
1 1 1 x y
1
tan 2 tan 1 x 2 tan 1 y As, tan x tan y tan 1 xy
2
x y
tan tan 1
1 xy
x y
1 xy
Question 14:
1
If sin sin 1 cos 1 x 1 , then find the value of x.
5
Solution 14:
1
sin sin 1 cos 1 x 1
5
1 1
sin sin 1 cos cos 1 x cos sin 1 sin cos 1 x 1
5 5
sin A B sin A cos B cos A sin B
1 1
x cos sin 1 sin cos 1 x 1
5 5
x 1
cos sin 1 sin cos 1 x 1 ...(1)
5 5
1
Now, let sin 1 y
5
Then,
1
sin 1 y
5
1
sin y
5
2
1 2 6
cos y 1
5 5
2 6
y cos 1
5
1 2 6
sin 1 cos 1 ...(2)
5 5
Let cos1 x z.
Then, cos z x
sin z 1 x 2
.
z sin 1 1 x2
cos 1 x sin 1 1 x2 ...(3)
x
5
cos cos 1
2 6
5
1
sin sin 1 x 1
2
x 2 6
1 x2 1
5 5
x 2 6 1 x2 5
2 6 1 x2 5 x
2 6 1 x 25 x
2
2 2
10 x
4 6 1 x 2 25 x 2 10 x
24 24 x 2 25 x 2 10 x
25 x 2 10 x 1 0
5 x 1 0
2
5 x 1 0
1
x
5
1
Hence, the value of x is .
5
Question 15:
1 x 1 x 1
If tan tan 1 , then find the value of x.
x2 x2 4
Solution 15:
x 1 x 1
tan 1 tan 1
x2 x2 4
x 1 x 1
1 x y
x2
1 1
tan
1 x 2 As, tan x tan y tan 1 xy
1 x 1 x 1 4
x 2
x 2
x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2
tan 1
x 2 x 2 x 1 ( x 1) 4
x2 x 2 x2 x 2
tan 1
x 2 4 x 2 1 4
2x2 4
tan 1
3 4
4 2 x2
tan tan 1 tan
3 4
4 2 x2
1
3
4 2 x2 3
2 x2 4 3 1
1
x
2
1
Hence, the value of x is .
2
Question 16:
2
Find the values of sin 1 sin
3
Solution 16:
2
Consider, sin 1 sin
3
If x , , which is the principal value branch of sin 1 x. .
2 2
2
Here, ,
3 2 2
2
Now, sin 1 sin can be written as:
3
2
sin 1 sin
3
2
sin 1 sin
3
sin 1 sin , where ,
3 3 2 2
2 1
sin 1 sin sin sin
3 3 3
Question 17:
3
Find the values of tan 1 tan
4
Solution 17:
3
Consider, tan 1 tan
4
We know that tan 1 tan x x
If x , , which is the principal value branch of tan 1 x.
2 2
3
Here, , .
4 2 2
3
Now, tan 1 tan can be written as:
4
3 1 3 1
tan 1 tan tan tan tan tan
4 4 4
tan 1 tan tan 1 tan where ,
4 4 4 2 2
3 1
tan 1 tan tan tan
4 4 4
Question 18:
3 3
Find the values of tan sin 1 cot 1
5 2
Solution 18:
1 3
Let sin x.
5
Then ,
3
sin x
5
4
cos x 1 sin 2 x
5
5
sec x
4
25 3
tan x sec2 x 1 1
16 4
3
x tan 1
4
3 3
sin 1 tan 1 ...(i)
5 4
1 3 2 1 1 1
Now, cot tan 1 ...(ii) , tan x cot x
2 3
3 3
Therefore, tan sin 1 cot 1
5 2
3 2
tan tan 1 tan 1 [Using (i) and (ii)]
4 3
3 2
1 4 3 1 x y
tan tan 1 1
As, tan x tan y tan 1 xy
3 2
1
4 3
98
tan tan 1
12 6
17 17
tan tan 1
6 6
Question 19:
7
Find the values of cos 1 cos is equal to
6
7 5
( A) ( B)
6 6
(C ) ( D)
3 6
Solution 19:
We know that cos1 cos x x if x 0, , which is the principal value branch of cos1 x .
7
Here, 0, .
6
7
Now, cos 1 cos can be written as :
6
7 1 7 1 7
cos 1 cos cos cos cos cos 2 cos 2 x cos x
6 6 6
7 1 5 5
cos1 cos cos cos
6 6 6
Question 20:
1
Find the values of sin sin 1 is equal to
3 2
1 1
(A) (B)
2 3
1 (D) 1
(C)
4
Solution 20:
1
Let sin 1 x .
2
1
Then , sin x sin sin .
2 6 6
We know that the range of the principal value branch of sin 1 is , .
2 2
1
sin 1
2 6
1 3
sin sin 1 sin sin sin 1
3 2 3 6 6 2
The correct answer is D.
Miscellaneous Exercise
Question 1:
13
Find the value of cos 1 cos
6
Solution 1:
We Know that cos1 cos x x if x 0, , which is the principal value branch of cos1 x .
13
Here, 0, .
6
13
Now, cos 1 cos can be written as :
6
13
cos 1 cos
6
cos 1 cos 2
6
cos 1 cos where 0, .
6 6
13 1
cos 1 cos cos cos
6 6 6
Question 2:
7
Find the value of tan 1 tan
6
Solution 2:
We know that tan 1 tan x x if x , , which is the principal value branch of tan 1 x.
2 2
7
Here, , .
6 2 2
7
Now, tan 1 tan can be written as:
6
7
tan 1 tan
6
tan 2 x tan x
5
tan tan 2
1
6
5
tan 1 tan tan 2 x tan x
6
5
tan 1 tan
6
tan 1 tan , where ,
6 6 2 2
7 1
tan 1 tan tan tan
6 6 6
Question 3:
1 3 24
Prove 2sin tan 1
5 7
Solution 3:
1 3 3
Let sin x. Then sin x .
5 5
2
3 4
cos x 1
5 5
3
tan x
4
3 3 3
x tan 1 sin 1 tan 1
4 5 4
Now, we have:
L.H.S
3 3
2sin 1 2 tan 1
5 4
3
2
1 4 2x
tan 2 tan 1 x tan 1
3 2
1 x 2
1
4
3
3 16
tan 1 2 tan 1
16 9 2 7
16
24
tan 1 R.H .S .
7
Question 4:
1 8 3 77
Prove sin sin 1 tan 1
17 5 36
Solution 4:
8
sin 1 x.
17
2
8 8 225 15
Then, sin x cos x 1
17 17 289 17.
8 8
tan x x tan 1
15 15
8 8
sin 1 tan 1 …..(1)
17 15
3
Now, let sin 1 y
5
2
3 3 16 4
Then, sin y cos y 1 .
5 5 25 5
3 3
tan y y tan 1
5 4
3 3
sin 1 tan 1 ……(2)
5 4
Now, we have:
L.H.S.
8 3
sin 1 sin 1
17 5
Question 5:
1 4 12 33
Prove cos cos 1 cos 1
5 13 65
Solution 5:
4
Let cos 1 x
5
2
4 4 3
Then, cos x sin x 1
5 5 5
3 3
tan x x tan 1
4 4
4 3
cos 1 tan 1 ….(1)
5 4
1 12
Now, let cos y.
13
12 5
Then, cos y sin y .
13 13
5 5
tan y y tan 1
12 12
12 5
cos 1 tan 1 ….(2)
13 12
1 33
Let cos z
65
33 56
Then, cos z sin z
65 65
56 56
tan z z tan 1
33 33
33 56
cos 1 tan 1 ...(3)
65 33
Now,
L.H .S .
4 12
cos 1 cos 1
5 13
3 5
tan 1 tan 1
4 12
3 5
1 x y
tan 1 4 12 1 1
tan x tan y tan
3 5 1 xy
1 4 12
36 20
tan 1
48 15
56
tan 1
33
56
cos 1
33
R.H .S .
Question 6:
12 3 56
Prove cos 1 sin 1 sin 1
13 5 65
Solution 6:
2
3 1 3 3 16 4
Let sin x. Then, sin x cos x 1 .
5 5 5 25 5
3 3
tan x x tan 1
4 4
3 3
sin 1 tan 1 ...(1)
5 4
12
Now, let cos 1 y
13
12 5
Then, cos y sin y .
13 13
5 5
tan y y tan 1
12 12
12 5
cos 1 tan 1 ...(2)
13 12
56
Let sin 1 z.
65
56 33
Then, sin z cos z .
65 65
56 56
tan z z tan 1
33 33
56 56
sin 1 tan 1 ...(3)
65 33
Now, we have
L.H.S
12 3
cos 1 sin 1
13 5
5 3
tan 1 tan 1
12 4
5 3
1 x y
= tan -1 12 4 1 1
tan x tan y tan 1 xy
5 3
1 .
12 4
20 36
= tan 1
48 15
56
= tan 1
33
56
sin 1 [Using (3)]
65
R.H .S
Question 7:
63 5 3
Prove tan 1 sin 1 cos 1
16 13 5
Solution 7:
5
Let sin 1 x
13
5 12
Then, sin x cos x .
13 13
5 5
tan x x tan 1
12 12
5 5
sin _1 tan 1 …..(1)
13 12
3
Let cos 1 y.
5
3 4
Then, cos y sin y .
5 5
4 4
Thus, tan y y tan 1
3 3
3 4
cos 1 tan 1 ….(2)
5 3
R.H.S.
5 3
sin 1 cos 1
12 5
5 4
= tan 1 tan 1
12 3
5 4
1
12 3 1 1 1 x y
tan tan x tan y tan 1 xy
1 5 4
12 3
15 48
tan 1
36 20
63
tan 1
16
L.H.S .
Question 8:
1 1 1 1
Prove tan 1 tan 1 tan 1 tan 1
5 7 3 8 4
Solution 8:
L.H.S
1 1 1 1
tan 1 tan 1 tan 1 tan 1
5 7 3 8
1 1 1 1
38
1 5 7 1 1 1 1 x y
tan tan 1 1 tan x tan y tan 1 xy
1 1 1 1
5 7 3 8
75 1 8 3
tan 1 tan
35 1 24 1
12 11
tan 1 tan 1
34 23
6 11
tan 1 tan 1
17 23
6 11
tan 1 17 23
1 6 11
17 23
325
tan 1 1
tan 1
325
R.H.S.
4
Question 9:
1 1 x
Prove tan 1 x cos 1 , x 0.1
2 1 x
Solution 9:
Let x tan 2 .
1 x 1 tan 2
cos 2
1 x 1 tan 2
Now, we have:
R.H .S
1 1 x
cos 1
2 1 x
1
cos 1 cos 2
2
1
2 = =tan -1 x L.H .S .
2
Question 10:
1 sin x 1 sin x x
Prove cot 1 , x 0,
1 sin x 1 sin x 2 4
Solution 10:
1 sin x 1 sin x
Consider
1 sin x 1 sin x
2
1 sin x 1 sin x
(by rationalizing)
1 sin x
2
1 sin x
2 1 1 sin 2 x
2sin x
1 cos x
sin x
x
2 cos 2
2
x x
2sin cos
2 2
x
cot
2
1 sin x 1 sin x
L.H .S . cot 1
1 sin x 1 sin x
x x
cot 1 cot R.H .S .
2 2
Question 11:
1 x 1 x 1 1
Prove tan 1 1
cos x, x 1
1 x 1 x 4 2 2
Hint : putx cos 2
Solution 11:
1
Let, x cos 2 then, cos 1 x.
2
Thus, we have:
1 x 1 x
L.H .S . tan 1
1 x 1 x
1 cos 2 1 cos 2
tan 1
1 cos 2 1 cos 2
2 cos 2 2 2sin 2
tan 1
2 cos 2 2 2sin 2
2 cos 2 sin
tan
2 cos 2 sin
cos sin
tan 1
cos sin
1 tan
tan 1
1 tan
1 x y 1
tan 1 1 tan 1 tan tan
1
tan x tan y
1 xy
1
cos 1 x R.H.S.
4 4 2
Question 12:
9 9 1 1 9 1 2 2
Prove sin sin
8 4 3 4 3
Solution 12:
9 9 1 1
L.H.S. = sin
8 4 3
9 1
sin 1
4 2 3
9 1 1 1
cos 1 ……(1) sin x cos x 2
4 3
1
Now, let cos 1 x
3
2
1 1 2 2
Then, cos x sin x 1 .
3 3 3
2 2 1 2 2
x sin 1 cos 1 sin 1
3 3 3
9 1 2 2
L.H.S. = sin R.H.S.
4 3
Question 13:
Solve 2tan 1 cos x tan 1 2cosec x
Solution 13:
2tan 1 cos x tan 1 2cosec x
2cos x 1 2 x
tan 1 tan 2cosec x
1 1
1 cos 2
x 2 tan x tan 1 x 2
2 cos x
2 cosec x
1 cos 2 x
2 cos x 2
2
sin x sin x
cos x sin x
tan x 1
x
4
Question 14:
1 x 1
Solve tan 1 tan 1 x, x 0
1 x 2
Solution 14:
1 x 1
tan 1 tan 1 x
1 x 2
1 1 x y
tan 1 1 tan 1 x tan 1 x 1 1
tan x tan y tan 1 xy
2
3
tan 1 x
4 2
tan 1 x
6
x tan
6
1
x
3
Question 15:
Solve sin tan 1 x , x 1 is equal to
x 1
(A) (B)
1 x2 1 x2
1 x
(C) (D)
1 x2 1 x2
Solution 15:
x
tan y x sin y
1 x2
Let tan 1 x y. Then,
x x
y sin 1 tan 1 x sin 1
1 x 1 x
2 2
x x
sin tan 1 x sin sin 1
2
1 x 1 x2
The correct answer is D.
Question 16:
Solve sin 1 1 x 2sin 1 x , then x is equal to
2
1 1
(A) 0, (B) 1,
2 2
1
(C) 0 (D)
2
Solution 16:
sin 1 1 x 2sin 1 x
2
2sin 1 x sin 1 1 x
2
2sin x cos 1 1 x
1
...(1)
Let sin 1 x sin x cos 1 x 2 .
cos 1 1 x2
sin 1 x cos 1 1 x2
Therefore, from equation (1), we have
2cos 1
1 x 2 cos 1 1 x
2cos 1
1 sin 2 y cos 1 1 sin y
1 1
L.H.S. sin 1 1 sin 1
2 2
1 1
sin 1 2sin 1
2 2
1
sin 1
2
R.H .S .
6 2
1
x is not a solution of the given equation.
2
Thus, x 0.
Hence, the correct answer is C.
Question 17:
x x y
Solve tan 1 tan 1 is equal to
y x y
(A) (B)
2 3
3
(C) (D)
4 4
Solution 17:
x x y
tan 1 tan 1
y x y
x x y
1 y x y 1 1 1 x y
tan tan y tan y tan 1 xy
x x y
1
y x y
x x y y x y
1 y x y
tan
y x y x x y
y x y
x 2 xy xy y 2
tan 1
xy y x xy
2 2
x2 y 2
1
tan 2 2
tan 1 1
x y 4
Hence, the correct answer is C.
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