Prediction of Heart Disease Using a Hybrid
Technique in Data Mining Classification
Ankita Dewan
ITM University
Gurgaon, INDIA
ankita.dewan91@gmail.com
Abstract - Heart disease prediction is treated as most
complicated task in the field of medical sciences. Thus there
arises a need to develop a decision support system for
detecting heart disease of a patient. In this paper, we propose
efficient genetic algorithm hybrid with the back propagation
technique approach for heart disease prediction. Today
medical field have come a long way to treat patients with
various kind of diseases. Among the most threatening one is
the Heart disease which cannot be observed with a naked eye
and comes instantly when its limitations are reached. Bad
clinical decisions would cause death of a patient which
cannot be afforded by any hospital. To achieve a correct and
cost effective treatment computer-based and support Systems
can be developed to make good decision. Many hospitals use
hospital information systems to manage their healthcare or
patient data. These systems produce huge amounts of data in
the form of images, text, charts and numbers.
Sadly, this data is rarely used to support the medical decision
making. There is a bulk of hidden information in this data
that is not yet explored which give rise to an important query
of how to make useful information out of the data. So there is
necessity of creating an excellent project which will help
practitioners predict the heart disease before it occurs.
The main objective of this paper is to develop a prototype
which can determine and extract unknown knowledge
(patterns and relations) related with heart disease from a past
heart disease database record. It can solve complicated
queries for detecting heart disease and thus assist medical
practitioners to make smart clinical decisions which
traditional decision support systems were not able to. By
providing efficient treatments, it can help to reduce costs of
treatment.
Keywords – BP Neural Network, Data Mining, Genetic
Algorithm, Heart Disease Prediction.
I. INTRODUCTION
Heart disease is one of the most common reasons of death in
India or other Asian countries. In 2003 approx 17.3 million
people died all over the globe and out of this, 10 million were
only due to the coronary heart disease. Along without
changing lifestyle there are many such factors such as
978-9-3805-4416-8/15/$31.00 2015
c IEEE 704
Meghna Sharma
Assistant Professor, ITM University
Gurgaon, INDIA
meghnasharma@itmindia.edu
smoking, alcohol, obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes etc.
which are responsible for the risk of having a heart problem.
However, with the resent studies, with the introduction of
artificial intelligence and medical sciences, we can actually
help in preventing any such kind of diseases. For making a
good decision, machine learning helps in extracting relevant
data from huge databases which are available in hospitals.
There are many kind of classification techniques such as K-
nearest neighbor, decision trees like CART, C4.5, CHAID,
J48, ID3algorithm etc. but all these are weak classifiers which
need the help of bagging and boosting techniques to improve
their performances.
In this paper, various kinds of techniques which have been
applied in the prediction of heart diseases or classification has
been discussed and a proposed methodology of hybrid
technique has been given which can be implemented in future
to have an accuracy of almost 100% or with least error. The
proposed system will be implemented in MATLAB R2012a.
II. DATA MINING TECHNIQUES
Data mining techniques are helpful in extracting & analyzing
the complicated medical data using various kinds of
techniques. Practioners of medical science are also using these
minute techniques in other field such as detection of cancer
and stroke. Researchers have been applying various techniques
of machine learning such as Artificial Neural Network, BP
(Back-Propagation algorithm) genetic algorithm for the
optimization purpose.
[1] One of the systems has used Back-Propagation in neural
network which is regarded as the best prediction algorithm
where we have a non-linear relationship between the data and
the target output. The characteristics of BP algorithm are that it
is adaptive and tolerant towards the noisy data or other outliers
present in the medical data.
The steps are as follows:
1. The normalized data is feed in network and the
correspondent result is computed
2. The actual and computed result is checked for error
differences.
3. According to the error, weights and bias are rearranged.
4. In case the error exceeds the tolerance then step1 is again
followed else process is terminated.
In this system, former 3 week data is taken as input. The one C. Naive Bayes
week data later produced as output. So, the no of input neurons
This classifier uses conditional independence which states that
are 3 and output neuron is 1. To calculate no. of neurons in
an attribute value on a given class is not dependent on the
hidden layer, various thumb rules are applied and range came
values of other attributes or factors as it is based on Bayes
out to be 2 to 8 and the optimized is chosen as 4.
theorem.
So, a 3- layer feed-forward network is applied by the system
All 3 algorithms were implemented on data set consisting of
and the activation function between hidden and input layer is
303 records for training and 270 for testing purpose. In
tansig() and between output and hidden is purelin(). The
preprocessing, the most common tool of Weka i.e. Replace
levenberg-marquardt algorithm was chosen, which leads to fast
missing value filter is used. From the results in Fig. 2., a
high hit rate with conversions as it is the best algorithm. The
conclusion can be made that Neural Network is providing a
absolute error show casted in this model is 25% for weekly
better result in such a non-linear application of health disease
price prediction. So, accuracy reaches high enough to 75% as
prediction.
shown below in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Weekly Price Prediction

[2] chaitrali and sulabha in 2012 performed a comparative
analysis of three data mining classification techniques, namely
Naive Bayes, decision trees and Neural Network on heart
disease database using a data mining tool Weka3.6.6
The Dataset is taken from UCI repository which includes 13
attributes such as sex, Blood pressure, cholesterol and added 2
more attributes obesity and smoking.
Data mining techniques for prediction
A. Neural Network
Artificial Neural network as discussed before is a mathematical
model of our biological neural network. It consists of 3 layers
– input layer, output layer and a hidden layer with some
interconnecting weights. The output is calculated as a function.
Oj = f(™ WjiXi)
Where Oj is output neuron
Xi is input neuron
Wji is the weight connecting Xi and Oj
f is sigmoidal function
Fig. 2. Graphical Representation of Accuracy for Each Method
[3] K.Srinivas in 2010 made a comparative analysis of popular
data mining technologies namely decision tress, Naive Bayes
& Neural Network for classifying heart disease dataset
In decision trees, C4.5 is the most common one. Tree made
using C4.5 consists of 3 predictor attributes - Age, Gender,
Intensity of symptoms & one goal - for a patient having a
disease or not.
In neural network, Multilayer feed forward network consist of
20 input nodes which are the attributes, 10 hidden nodes
calculated using hit & trial, 10 output nodes showing range of
diseases.
Bayesian Network - Major benefit of Bayesian Network is that
it requires less information based on pre-existing
understanding of the system's variable dependencies.
Support Vector Machine - SVM performs classification tasks
by maximizing the margin separating both the classes while
minimizing the classification error.

B. Decision Trees
There are many decision tree algorithms and among them the
most popular is J48 which uses a pruning technique to build a
good decision tree. Pruning is a method which tries to
eliminate the over fitting data which is not so relevant in
making a decision and leads to poor prediction. At last, a tree
is build to provide flexibility and accuracy balance.
Fig. 3. Comparison of four models, Neural Network (MLP) proving
Highest accuracy

2015 2nd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom) 705
On the basis of the experimental chart in Fig. 3. We can say
that Neural Network & Naive Bayes perform much better than
the other two.
Fig. 4. Algorithm for Proposed Methodology
III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
It is observed that the best classification technique which can
be used in our domain is none other than Back Propagation
since it’s the only technique which is used for nonlinear
relationships. But due its drawback of being stuck in local
minima we are not able to achieve the maximum profit from
this technique. So to solve this problem we can use a best
optimizer i.e. Genetic Algorithm which uses the phenomena of
mutation and crossover over various generations. The weights
which are used for BP can be optimized first and then given as
input to our network to give much better results as shown in
fig. 4.
IV. CONCLUSION
A conclusion can be made that neural network is best among
all the classification techniques when we talk about prediction
or classification of a non-linear data. BP algorithm which is the
best classifier of Artificial Neural Network which uses the
706 2015 2nd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom)
updating technique of weights by propagating the errors
backward can be used. But it has drawback of being stuck in a
local minima solution so to solve this problem, we can use an
efficient optimizing technique to further improve its accuracy
and apply in the predictions of various applications.
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