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EVENTS
By Y. Bakarinov and M. Zalessky
Among the most useful means for restoration in throwing events is an efficient
use of workloads and recovery intervals in single training sessions, as well as
micro- and macro-cycles. The contemporary yearly training cycle of the
throwers is employing several methods of general physical conditioning,
specific physical conditioning and technical preparation. While each of these
methods forms a separate unit, they are also interrelated to each other. To
ensure optimal training and restoration all these units must be properly
combined and applied.
PLANNING FACTORS
The factors to be taken into consideration are a scientific alteration of the loads,
multiple switching of the loads and changing the severity of the work load
according to the planned volume and intensity. These factors are responsible
for an efficient combination of work and restoration in single training sessions,
microcycles and macrocycles.
3 + 0 + 2 + 0.
2. Two days of training, a day of rest, two days of training, a day of rest
2 + 0 + 2 + 0.
It is currently believed that training is most effective when the general direction
of work in a microcycle is maintained, while the local emphasis changes on
successive days. The effectiveness of such microcycles depends on the partial,
sometimes complete restoration of the functional systems of the body.
To allow for restoration, the speed the exercises are performed in the
preparation period should be relatively slower and the rest intervals longer. This
can be achieved by increasing the duration of each training session up to 2 ½ -
3 ½ hrs. As the athlete reaches peak form the procedure is reversed. The rate
of exercise execution is increased to bring about the necessary changes to
improve the functional level and super-restoration, as the well trained athletes
adapt themselves to the task. In this case the training sessions can be reduced
to 1 - 1 ½ hrs.
INJURY FACTORS
Manual massage is applied daily during the periods when large training loads
are employed. Excellent results, after an intensive load, are achieved by making
use of a combination of manual and vibratory massage (1 ½ to 2 min. for each
muscle group). Most effective, after peak loads or signs of muscle fatigue, is
underwater massage (1 to 2 min. for major muscle groups), supplemented by
manual massage and hydrotherapy. In the presence of extreme fatigue it is
recommendedt ousemassagei napr essur echamberwi ththree‘li
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height of 800 to 1200m (2 to 3 min. each with 30 to 40 sec. compression lifts).
Other physiotherapy procedures are also widely used to restore the physical
condition of throwers. Ultraviolet ray irradiation is used two or three times a
week during autumn and winter, while artificially induced sleep is employed in
the case of extreme excitability. Ampli-pulse therapy is applied to the injured
area upon the appearance of pain syndromes and electro-stimulation is
recommended to treat sprains, minor trauma or weakness of individual muscle
groups. Ultra high frequency and ultrasound is effective to treat inflammation of
joints, ligaments and tendons.
NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS
Athletes, who are over-excited, sleep poorly, are easily irritated and show
neurotic tendencies are advised to take preparations with sedative action.