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PRENATAL PSYCHOLOGY 100 Years (chapter 13):

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Prenatal Psychology

ii
 Prenatal Psychology

PRENATAL
PSYCHOLOGY
100 YEARS

A Journey in Decoding
How Our Prenatal
Experience Shapes
Who We Become

Edited by
Jon RG Turner
Troya GN Turner
&
Olga Gouni

iii
 Copyright © 2018 cosmoanelixis
All rights reserved.

Cover photo credits: Shannon Sanches

of Shannon Leigh Photography Milford, Ma

A publication of
“The International Journal of Prenatal & Life Sciences”
DOI: 10.24946/IJPLS
www.journalprenatalife.com
owned by cosmoanelixis
Prenatal & Life Sciences
Athens, Greece
www.cosmoanelixis.gr

Information: info@cosmoanelixis.gr

ISBN-13: 978-1984323828
ISBN-10: 1984323822
 DEDICATION
Thou shalt not give birth reluctantly.
Otto Rank

This book is dedicated to all these pioneers who realized the

significance of our primal experience for the quality of life we
enjoy as children and adults. Beautiful minds since the years of
Freud have delved into the unknown and the unspoken,
explored, asked questions and shaped our understanding of
what once was thought of as mystery. Four generations of
dedicated pioneers and light carriers are behind what now, after
100 years of continuous work seems to be common knowledge.
This book is dedicated to all of them who started the journey and
travelled longer or shortest distances. Especially dedicated to
Arthur Janov, a tireless pioneer, always asking questions and
studying for answers, who passed away only months before the
publication of this book, in which his last work is included. We,
the torch bearers of today are deeply grateful!
“I am the shoemaker who sees only shoes in the world;
being a therapist, I see only pain in humans.
All scientists have to be careful of this
because when we have a hammer,
everything in the world looks like a nail.”

Arthur Janov, The Biology of Love

 CONTENTS
Acknowledgements
Foreword 3
1 Prenatal Psychology opens up a new horizon for the human 9
concept by Ludwig Janus
2 The Impact of Maternal Factors on Prenatal Development by 35
Thomas R. Verny
3 Epigenetics and Primal Therapy by Arthur Janov 85
4 What Obstatricians Need to Know About Prostate Cancer by 159
Michel Odent
5 Prebirth Education Begins Before Conception 163
by Jon RG & Troya GN Turner
6 The Complexity of Prenatal & Perinatal Experience 251
by Olga Gouni
7 On Quantum-Holographic & Trans-Generational Implications for 283
Child Developement by Dejan Rakovic
8 Transfer of Transgenerational Information and the Possibility of 311
their Measurement and/or Monitoring by Mirjana Sovilji
9 Renaissance of parenthood as a way to the prevention of pre- 333
perinatal traumas in the Future generation of people
by Grigori Brekhman
10 Prenatal Education, Early Parenting Ten golden rules for future 385
parents by Ioanna Mari & Laura Uplinger
11 Human Origami: The Embryo as a Folding Life Continuum by 413
Glenna Batson
12 Bonding with the unseen; Symbolic nuances and the 443
iconography of the new life by Maria Athanasekou
13 Prenatal Period in Light of the Effect of Celestial Twins (ECT) by 481
Elizabetha Levin
14 Spiritual Aspects of Birth and a Physician's Evolvement 513
by Ronald L. Cole
15 Welcoming Our Children: Moving Towards a Salutogenic Mode 579
of Practice by Olga Gouni
16 Epilogue: Welcoming our Children is a Gift to Humanity 605
by Olga Gouni
Meet the Authors 611
Appendix 1 626
Appendix 2 629
 Prenatal Psychology

Our true challenge is to expand

and open up our eyes to see each other.
Nothing less than looking into each other’s eyes
can touch our hearts and heal our spirits
while anxiety melts away!

Nothing less can free our hearts

so that we can act with love!

Olga Gouni,
“How we and the world turn a blind eye! It’s time to welcome our children”

viii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to express my deep gratitude to all those who

assisted us to complete this publication. First and foremost, weI
would like to thank the many early pioneers in the field of
Prenatal Psychology since 1920s to now, who have been our
teachers, mentors and consciousness evolutionaries.

Especially a big thank you to Ludwig Janus, Thomas Verny,

Arthur Janov, Dejan Rakovic, Grigori Brekhman, Mirjana Sovilj,
Glenna Batson, Maria Athanasekou, Elizabetha Levin, Ioanna
Mari, Laura Uplinger, Ronald Cole and Michel Odent who have
eagerly responded to our call for chapter contributions and
whose chapters you are able to enjoy in this book.

Besides, we would like to extend my deep appreciation to Liljana

Jelicic Dobrijevic and Augustin Gurza & Bruce Wilson as well as
Karen Fidzwater who have acted as special editors for chapters
8, 3 and 13.

Also, we are very grateful to the little lady, Stephanie Valadares’

daughter and grand-daughter of Jon RG Turner who was born a
little earlier this year and whose photo is the cover of this book.
Thank you Shannon Sanches for the wonderful photograph you
have made out a newborn beauty.

This book is the culmination of many people’s thinking, artistic

and scientific skills, face-to-face discussions across Europe,
telephone conferences and mail exchanges and we thank all who
facilitated the networking and collaboration.

Especially, I, Olga, would like to thank Jon RG and Troya Turner

as they were the ones who were with me when first came up with

i
 Prenatal Psychology

the idea of this anthology and who were brainstorming together

when we designed the journey and asked for the co-travellers.
Their encouragement and life-long experience has always been
there to inspire and move forward.

I would, also, like to extend a big thank you to my partners in

cosmoanelixis, Konstantinos Chadzifrantzeskos and Thomas
Spanos who have willingly born the administrative and IT support
tasks to allow me to be fully engaged in this and more like this
projects.

Finally, we would like to thank all those who have helped us in

any way and at any time during the eighteen months of working
together to bring it out.

The Editors

ii
 Prenatal Psychology

FOREWORD

During the course of about 100 years, Prenatal

Psychology has developed from an initially intuitive
insight within the scope of psychoanalysis into a broad
interdisciplinary field of science. In the beginning it was
Sigmund Freud's statement that "birth is the first
experience of anxiety and a model for later anxiety
reactions", which derived from the analysis of so-called
anxiety feelings related to "birth dreams". However,
attributing more fundamental significance to the female
dimension of the beginning of life did not correspond to
the pronounced patriarchal spirit of the time. This is why
the well-known dissidences in early psychoanalysis
about the importance of the psychological and life-
historical significance of pregnancy and childbirth, the
dimension of our life that is essentially determined by the
mother, came about.
Otto Rank, in his 1924 book "The Trauma of Birth", gave
the first systematic appraisal of the experience of birth,
which also described the mirroring of prenatal and

3
 Prenatal Psychology
perinatal experiences in myths, fairy tales, and cultural
structures in a systematic manner. It was precisely this
system, however, that asked too much of the
possibilities at the time for an open-minded-reception.
As a result, only a few psychotherapists and some
intellectuals and artists continued to pursue the subject.
Otto Rank's emigration to the United States was an
important reason for the lasting effect of his work, which
formed a significant element in the evolving humanist
psychology.
In the 1970s, sensitivity for the earliest time of life began
to develop with bonding research, infant research, as
well as prenatal psychology. Milestones in this
development were the books "Birth without Violence" by
Frederik Leboyer from 1969, "The Secret Life of the
Unborn" by Thomas Verny from 1981 and "Encounter
with the Unborn" by Peter Fedor-Freybergh from 1989.
As the experiences before, during, and after birth are
pre-speech experiences, the investigation of them by
means of observation in the psychotherapeutic situation,
and especially in self-experience in the various
regression therapeutic settings, was of special
significance. This is linked with the names of Arthur
Janov, Stanislav Grof, William Emerson, Frank Lake,
Jon RG & Troya GN Turner, Terence Dowling, Wolfgang
Hollweg and others.
In the final quarter of the last century, interdisciplinary
scientific societies such as the International Society for
Prenatal and Perinatal Medicine (ISPPM) in Central
Europe, the Association for Prenatal and Perinatal
Psychology and Health (APPPAH) in North America, the
Associazione Nazionale per l'Educazione (ANEP) in
Italy, and the Organisation Mondial pour l'Éducation
Prénatale (OMAEP) in the Mediterranean countries were
founded as forums for scientific exchange

4
 Prenatal Psychology
These societies organized regular congresses and
published scientific conference reports and journals, in
particular the "International Journal for Prenatal and
Perinatal Psychology and Medicine", published by Peter
Fedor-Freybergh (see www.mattes.de), the "Journal of
Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology & Health" founded by
Thomas Verny and "Il Giornale Italiano di Psicologia e di
Educazione Prenatale" of the second Italian Society for
Prenatal Psychology, ANPEP.
All this made it possible to use the convictions gained
from the evidence of observations in the
psychotherapeutic situation about the reality of life and
the importance of prenatal and perinatal experiences for
commitment to an interdisciplinary combination of
different fields of science. Within the framework of the
ISPPM and the APPPAH, the research results of brain
research, stress research, epidemiological research, and
embryology as well as the findings of the science of
midwifery, monitoring of gentle delivery, relationship-
oriented obstetrics, etc., were continuously collected, as
were the results of collective psychological processing of
early experiences in psychohistorical research. This
made it clear that prenatal psychology always combines
several methodological levels: the empirical level, the
qualitative level of self-experience and empathic
understanding, the pragmatic level of the knowledge of
midwives and obstetricians, and the cultural-
psychological level of the collective processing of
earliest experiences.
Against this background grew the great plan of the
Greek Prenatal Psychologist, Olga Gouni, with Jon RG
& Troya GN Turner, of providing a retrospect of the
development of prenatal psychology after almost one
hundred years of exploring the life-historical and
psychological significance of the conditions and

5
 Prenatal Psychology
experiences before, during and after birth with the
"Centenary Anthology of Prenatal Psychology" while at
the same time providing a summary of the state of the
art. Important scientists and authors have willingly
followed her into this potential-filled scientific field, and
have each contributed from their area of research to the
project. The complexity of prenatal and perinatal reality
requires a broader interdisciplinary orientation. This is
also reflected in the individual contributions of this book.
It is a curious fact that in this area of research there are
many individual studies in the field of the natural
sciences on the conditions of earliest development, the
general significance of which has not been, or only
slightly, recognized by the respective scientists. Here the
merits of leading representatives of prenatal psychology,
such as Peter Fedor-Freybergh, Thomas Verny and
David Chamberlain in particular, lay in establishing and
maintaining an interdisciplinary and integrative approach
from their wide overview of different fields of science.
This gave the field of research in prenatal psychology an
internal and an interdisciplinary structure, each providing
a basis for further advances in research. Individual
studies of this kind come mainly from the fields of stress
research, brain research, epidemiological research,
Epigenetics, and others.
Another aspect of the peculiarity of prenatal psychology
is that its results are always in direct relation to our own
self-understanding and thus a challenge for ourselves.
Natural science research changes our perception of the
external world; however, psychological research, and in
particular prenatal psychological research, changes our
perception of ourselves. This is also the background for
difficulties in transmission of and for opposition to the
reception of research results or even the research
approach itself. For this reason, prenatal psychological

6
 Prenatal Psychology
research also developed to an extent outside
established psychotherapies and university institutions
and within the wider framework of Humanist Psychology.
In the process, this research was fundamentally
supported by the power, dynamism, and creativity of
strong individuals such as those mentioned above. Their
work and impulses have made it possible for us to have
today a valid qualitative basis for the many different
forms in which prenatal, perinatal and postnatal
experiences can influence and shape later life
development.
In addition, there is a further dimension in which prenatal
psychology presents a challenge and that is in our
understanding of our relationship to the world as a
whole, because prenatal psychological research has
developed good evidence for the hypothesis that our
prenatal and perinatal experiences represent an
essential element in cultural structures, particularly in
magical ideas, myths, fairy tales, and suchlike. In this
sense the viewpoint of prenatal psychology has great
significance for cultural psychology. In the context of
psychohistory, which explores the psychological aspects
and motivations in the historical process, the
significance of prenatal psychology for the
understanding of cultural structures has already been
fully acknowledged.
Another area in which prenatal psychology is of
significance is that of prevention. If the conditions and
experiences at the beginning of life have a fundamental
significance in life history, as demonstrated by prenatal
psychology on several methodological levels, the
promotion of parental competence and the support of
parents-to-be is of decisive significance for the conflict
management and peacemaking skills in a society. It is
precisely in this area that the dissemination of the

7
 Prenatal Psychology
contents and the knowledge of prenatal psychology,
which should result from the publication of the book
"Prenatal Psychology, 100 Years", is particularly
important. With this in mind, I would wish for widespread
interest in this book.

Ludwig Janus, Dossenheim by Heidelberg

8
 Prenatal Psychology

“If we want to find

safe alternatives to obstetrics,
we must rediscover midwifery.
To rediscover midwifery
is the same as
giving back childbirth to women.
And imagine the future
if surgical teams
were at the service of
the midwives and the women
instead of controlling them.”

Michel Odent

9
 Prenatal Psychology

CHAPTER 13
Prenatal Period in the
Light of the Effect of
Celestial Twins (ECT)
Elizabetha Levin
Corrigibility supersedes finality.
Roberto Mangabeira Unger

So, like a forgotten fire, a childhood

can always flare up again within us.
Gaston Bachelard

Introduction
The 21st Century is bringing new challenges in life sciences.
There are growing demands for new measurement methods
of personal destinies and collective history. There is growing

10
 Prenatal Psychology
evidence that the formation of each personality, in addition to
heredity, depends on temporal factors, such as the history of
preceding generations (e.g. transgenerational trauma) or a
particular historical epoch with its societies, habits and
climate at the seasons and times of birth (see, for example,
1, 2).
We live in an amazing era, when humanity is quickly
expanding knowledge in the field of space-time. In space,
our spacecrafts reach the distant planets, and electronic
microscopes allow a glimpse into the world of microparticles.
On time-scales comparable with the duration of human
life, people are learning about the importance of the
prenatal period on one hand, and longevity, on the other
hand.
Our lifespan is expanding and the accepted views about fetal
development and age periodization are changing. To take
just one example, whereas today it is possible to confirm a
pregnancy within a few weeks of conception, in the past
century it was often months before a woman's physicians
could make a firm diagnosis, and, even then, they could be
wrong (3). Obviously, the sooner a mother-to-be would be
certain about her pregnancy, the better she would prepare
herself for motherhood. She would be able to take better
care of herself during the first trimester of her pregnancy and
calculate with more accuracy the expected time of birth.
Consequently, she would have better chances to prepare
herself for a safe delivery.
In my time-related studies, I have compared hundreds of
extensive biographies of well-known personalities all around
the world. In the works of major thinkers, scientists, poets,

11
 Prenatal Psychology
philosophers and political leaders, including the British King
George VI and the French poet Paul Eluard, the Swiss
Psychologist C. G. Jung and the Spanish poet and
Philosopher Antonio Machado, the American poets and
writers Ernest Hemingway and Hart Crane, the Nobel
Laureates in Chemistry and the discoverers of the isotopes
Francis Aston and Frederick Soddy, it was possible to reveal
the traces their early childhoods had left on them (4).
Amazingly, whereas there were striking similarities among
the childhood experiences and the following life stories of the
celestial twins (people who were born simultaneously or
within an interval of 48 hours), there were even more striking
differences among the childhood circumstances and life
narratives of people born at different dates or epochs.
In particular, it was interesting to follow the dynamics of
changes in the historical approaches to pregnancy and early
childhood during different epochs. Depending on their own
times of birth, biographers were emphasizing different age
periods in the lives of the studied personalities. Often, they
were focusing on different aspects of character of the
persons under study and evaluating differently their
contributions to society. What seems to be most striking was
the general absence of interest in parenting or in early
childhood.
Until the 20th Century, prenatal and babyhood periods
remained obscured by the mists of time. Whereas most
people had no reliable memories from their childhood, most
scholars did not ascribe any importance to the early phases
of human life. For example, the Nobel Laureate in Literature,
Giosuè Carducci (b. 1830) wrote in his "Confessions and
Battles" that he had no memories of his earliest childhood:

12
 Prenatal Psychology
"neither pleasant, nor unpleasant, nor curious." He retained
only one dim remembrance of himself as a toddler already
able to walk and to speak, but he could not reconstruct either
details of the event or his approximate age: "I find myself in a
place neither beautiful nor ugly, perhaps a little garden near
the house in which I was born, on a day neither of spring,
summer, autumn nor winter. It seems to me as if everything,
heaven and earth, above, beneath and around was damp,
grey, lowering, confined, vague, gloomy" (5).
Unfortunately, even nowadays it is usual to think that there is
little or nothing to record of our early years. For example,
when twenty-seven esteemed scientists were asked by John
Brockman to submit for his intriguing collection Curious
Minds an essay about their early childhood, most of them
tended to confuse their early days with juvenile experiences
or even with adulthood. Some of them could not remember a
single childhood event that led them to their adult interests
(6).
Since the 17th Century, the classical view of Locke's
Philosophy was that at birth the human mind is in a blank
state and one's personality is formed from the moment of
one's birth solely by one's sensory experiences. Yet, nobody
can deny that our society is constantly changing, and the
initial conditions dictated by our moment of birth (the called
the "Theta-factor") are closely connected with these
changes. For example, the British Polymath Joseph Priestley
in his famous Chart of Biography systematically registered
birth dates of two thousand famous historical figures across
three thousand years in "universal time." As a result, long
periods of history were framed in quantitative terms, and the
charts clearly showed the differences between the rates of

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 Prenatal Psychology
birth of influential intellectual personalities during different
centuries or decades (7). The same results were recently
confirmed by different historians of sciences or creativity in
general [see 8, 9]. Such studies show, to quote V. Petrov,
that to become an influential poet or a scientist, one first has
to choose carefully one's time of birth (8).
Whereas in Priestley's Chart of Biography the main criterion
for evaluation of the historical personalities was their success
in one of the six chosen fields of activities, his studies were
not treating, for example, the question of changes in the
emotional nature of humankind during the same period of
three-thousand years. Indeed, until recent times, emotions
have seemed tangential to the historic enterprise. Yet
nowadays historians discover new evidence that the
emotional nature of the humankind has been different in
different historical times. Emotional changes, in their turn,
prompt wider shifts in the ways parents treat their children
(10). In parallel, infant mortality and the chances of the
newborn to survive were very different during distinct
historical epochs.
Nowadays babies' mortality is not considered an unavoidable
phenomena but rather an outcome of earlier states of art in
psychology, hygiene, obstetrics, education and the general
state of cultural developments in human societies. However,
until recent times, as a rule, babies' intellectual and
emotional needs were not taken seriously either by the
society or by their caregivers. Certain kids were lucky to
have rich opportunities to learn; the others – and their
numbers could reach even in the most educated or well-to-
do European families about 80% – were destined to die from
the epidemics or the emotional neglect in their babyhood. To

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 Prenatal Psychology
take a few typical examples, in Russia, Tsar Peter the Great
(1672 -1725) allegedly had twelve children with his second
wife Catherine I (1684-1727), ten of whom died in infancy. In
Germany, Johann Wolfgang Goethe's parents had six
children, four of whom died in early ages. Goethe (1749-
1832) and his wife Christiana (1765-1816) had five children,
only one of whom survived the babyhood.
The high rate of the infant mortality was accompanied by the
phenomenon of the unnamed babies. The parents were not
sure whether their offspring was able to survive and avoided
any form of attachment. In the family histories the short
existence of such children was either not mentioned at all or
noted as "deceased infants" (see, for example, 11).
A turning point in human consciousness occurred when
researchers became interested in the details of early family
life. Among the first scientists who became aware of the
crucial importance of the early developmental periods was
the psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980). Significantly, he
belonged to the unique "Phoenix-Hour generation" born
during a rare period of the planetary conjunction, when
during 1885-1900 Neptune and Pluto seemingly converged
in the skies. This phenomenon (the so-called "Phoenix
Hour") occurs every 493 years and each time it heralds the
beginning of a new epoch, when everything – arts and
sciences, social orders and family duties undergoes a radical
shift (12; 13; 14).
As it turns out, generations of passionate innovators, born on
the verge between two consecutive Phoenix Years, become
the creators of new paradigms not only in poetry, science
and politics, but also in psychology. So, the founder of
Psychoanalytic Child Psychology was the youngest daughter

15
 Prenatal Psychology
of Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud (1895-1982). The same year
Nandor Fodor (1895-1964) was born who is considered one
of the fathers of Prenatal Psychology. In parallel, the Swiss
psychologist Gustav Hans Graber (1893-1982) went even
further raising the question of the psychic and soul life at the
initial stages of human development, in prenatal and
perinatal phases [15]. In 1971, at the age of 78, Graber
formed the International Study Group on Prenatal
Psychology, which in 1986 became the International
Association of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and
Medicine (ISPPM).
But even for this Phoenix-born generation the importance of
early childhood experiences was too novel and eccentric to
be easily accepted. In the twentieth century written
recollections of babyhood were still sparse. To quote
Nadezhda Mandelshtam, a widow and biographer of one of
the greatest Russian poets in the 20th Century Osip
Mandelshtam:
"For me, childhood is a preparatory period and nothing
more. I do not understand excessive attention to one's
childhood <…>. This is a feature of our era, <…> which
prevents the proper maturation and growth of
personality" (16, p. 153)].
The pioneering ideas of the Phoenix Hour were adopted and
gradually developed by the following generations, which in
many ways have formed current views. Here I would like to
mention the works of two spokesmen of this period. One of
them is the Swiss child psychologist Alice Miller (1923-2010),
who paid attention to the emotional nature of the young
children. The second is a Canadian Psychologist Thomas
Verny (b. 1936). Released almost simultaneously in 1981,

16
 Prenatal Psychology
their books were translated into many languages and
immediately became world bestsellers (17, 18). Following
these publications, today the circle of the young parents who
understand the importance of the prenatal and birth period, is
growing wider and wider.
The prominent physicist David Bohm wrote: "I suggest that
this is the essence of freedom, to realize one's true potential,
whatever the source of potential may be" (19). The purpose
of the following chapter is to show how, from the very
moment of one's birth, one's personal potentials are
influenced by the particular family history as well as by one's
generational limits, and how these two types of constrains
are shared by one's celestial twins.
The systematic studies of well-known celestial twins which
lasted more than 20 years, led to the discovery of a new
phenomenon – the Effect of Celestial Twins (ECT). This
effect demonstrates that though we perceive ourselves to be
discrete and unique entities, there is an isomorphic matching
between the biographical data of members in each group of
celestial twins. In short, celestial twins tend to experience
seemingly non-causal synchronic correlation between their
life narratives throughout the entire span of their existence
(4, 12).
The fact that well-known celestial twins reared apart and
presumably having no causal communion with one another,
nevertheless had similar family histories, as well as similar
early environments combined with similar physiques,
strongly suggests that the Theta-factor denotes more than
the qualities of a single personality. The cross-cultural
findings seem to reflect the intrinsic characteristics of the
Theta-factor rather than its dependence on more culturally-

17
 Prenatal Psychology
relative concepts. Strikingly, in many cases comparative
biographies help us to discover that the pre-birth stories of
the well-known celestial twins are closely interconnected.
Analyzed together, they reinforce each other and seem to be
unavoidable consequences of some hidden historical laws.
Seen in light of the ECT, multiple events and decisions in the
lives of one's parents and grandparents appear linked
together by the thread of time and responsible for setting
timelines in the lives of the future generations.
"In my beginning is my end," poetically wrote the Nobel
Laureate in Literature T. S. Eliot. But what is the beginning of
our personal life-journey? When exactly does it begin? In
different epochs people answered this question differently. In
the days of Ancient Greece and Rome the authorities (such
as a group of elders in Sparta or a father in Rome) had the
legal right to decide which baby lived and which was left to
die by exposure. Two thousand years later, Thomas Verny
believed that the human embryo is already a living and
feeling creature [18]. Hans Eysenck (1916-1997) took it even
earlier, suggesting that the largest influence parents have on
their children is at the moment of conception (20). The
mutually connected stories of the studied celestial twins
imply that we should look for the roots of our personalities
even earlier, and that our personal "beginning" is embedded
in the beginnings of our predecessors.
For some researchers such hereditary chain of
dependencies appeared to be frightful because of its
seeming fatalism. The temporological approach shows that
knowledge of available alternatives/paths educates people to
become responsible for their choices, which is a direct
opposite of the fatalism.

18
 Prenatal Psychology
The intermediate results of the Theta-factor Studies
alongside the detailed comparative stories of the well-known
celestial twins were published in Celestial Twins. On the
historical and generational level, the importance of the
Theta-factor was treated later in The Phoenix Clock (13, 14).
The purpose of this essay is to discuss how the results of
both these studies can be used by other disciplines, such as
Social Psychology or Prenatal Studies.
The following cross-disciplinary text does not aspire to retell
the "entire" comparative stories of all the celestial twins
analyzed in the previous publications; nor can it cover all the
historical epochs. Instead, it presents a brief outline of
several insights based on seven biographical case studies
illustrating a new temporological approach to personality
formations.

Case One: Celestial Twins from Ancient

History
Two are better than one,
…
Though one may be overpowered,
two can defend themselves.
A cord of three strands is not quickly broken
Ecclesiastes 4: 9-12

Our society has adopted a concept of children's right to love

and happiness. The common belief is that in the ancient
days the parents were not different from the modern
caretakers in their trying to do the best that they could for

19
 Prenatal Psychology
their newborns. This is far from reality.
To begin from the very beginning – the marital love and the
relationships between the parents–to-be show great
variability at different times. In the Ancient Greece, for
example, the ideal of a love-based marriage did not exist
(10). Babies and toddlers were regarded as the property of
their parents, and more specifically, their fathers. Even their
most basic right to life was not self-obvious. In fact, the baby,
especially a baby-girl had so little value in law that in the first
days of her life she could be simply discarded.
Although analysis of the customs and beliefs is of crucial
importance for understanding the history of infant mortality,
the greatest obstacle in such studies is the paucity of
evidence from those ancient days (21). Therefore, each
historical record may supply invaluable information and shed
a new light on this issue.
One of the earliest stories about the celestial twins deals with
one of the most striking properties of synchronicity: in case of
simultaneous birthdates, it leads to interchangeability.
Throughout the ages and today we meet in literature and in
popular culture a number of stories about babies switched at
birth because of either an error or an evil intent. Such
interchange at birth or, very soon thereafter, usually leads to
the babies being unknowingly raised by people who are not
their biological parents. For example, in the 18th Century,
when infant mortality in Europe was very high, many parents
were afraid of a dreadful scenario that their babies "may well
have been changed by an unscrupulous wet nurse who
would conceal the death of her nursling, and substitute her
own child in its stead" (3, p. 32).

20
 Prenatal Psychology
However, synchronicity should not be necessarily frightful.
The substituting one child for another may as well be life-
saving. Indeed, the following story about celestial twins
teaches us a very important lesson of love and true
friendship. This story is one of the popular Jewish legends
from the Talmud about the 2nd Century Rabbi and Chief
Editor of the Mishnah, known as Yehudah HaNasi or simply
as "Rabbi." He was born during the Roman occupation of
Judea in the days when the Emperor Hadrian was
persecuting all the Jewish parents whose newborn sons had
been circumcised. In case of disobedience the death penalty
was waiting for both such parents and their infants. Rabbi's
father was the president of Sanhedrin and he belonged to
the very pious lineage of the Rabbi Hillel the Elder – one of
the most respected religious leaders. For him, there was no
question that his infant's circumcision should be performed
on the 8th day of his life. The rumors about the violation of the
Roman laws were spreading quickly, and Rabbi's parents
had to bring their son to the Emperor's Court. Fortunately, on
their way to the court the family met an intimate
acquaintance of Rabbi's mother. This Roman woman had a
baby named Antoninus, who was of the same age as Rabbi.
The women immediately decided to switch the babies, and
as a consequence, Rabbi and all his family were saved.
Furthermore, the Talmud tells that during a short interval of
this interchange, Antoninus suckled the milk from Rabbi's
mother. Later it was widely believed that with her milk he
imbibed his love for the wisdom of Torah. Although Talmudic
stories are not strictly historical, but rather legendary, some
historians had identified Antoninus with Marcus Aurelius. In
any way, the letters exchanged between these celestial twins
testify that Rabbi and Antoninus remained friends during all

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 Prenatal Psychology
their lives (23).
Significantly, in all the studied comparative stories of the
well-known celestial twins there was the same property of
exchangeability between the celestial twins. In other words,
the studied well-known celestial twins had the ability to
substitute each other in the similar social and political
structures or to accomplish one other’s most daring
enterprises.

Case Two: Celestial Twins from Medieval

History
The next historical example of the celestial twins is also
connected with breast-feeding. Perhaps it is not a
coincidence, because until the 20th Century the mother's
milk was the baby's primary need for survival. To quote the
Nobel laureate in Literature, Wole Soyinka, who loved in his
childhood to sing a Nigerian song in the Yaruba language:
If the house is on fire, I must eat.
If the house is being robbed, I must eat.
The child who is hungry, let him speak (23).
Until the Phoenix Hour of the 1890s, when milk
pasteurization became introduced for commercial reasons,
babies could not survive without breast-feeding (3, p. 47).
Unfortunately, historically there always were various
circumstances when mother's milk was unavailable. In such
cases, babies who were born simultaneously, or within an
interval of a few months, could share their mother's milk with
each other. Sometimes such sharing would become a
disaster for one of them, when the other did not get enough

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 Prenatal Psychology
milk or even was left by her mother to die from hunger.
However, in other cases both babies and their mothers
gained from the sharing. The latter example is recorded in
the history of England of the 20th Century.
Usually historians lose sight of individual lives from those
days. Most people were illiterate, dates were uncertain and
facts were dim. Any person born in the 12th Century, whose
biography is known today, is exceptional. It is most
impressive that two people born on the same night of the
same year were among the most prominent personalities of
those obscure centuries. The lives of these celestial twins,
King Richard I, known as Richard the Lion-Heart, and
Alexander Neckam, known as the Abbot of St. Albans or
Nequam, became the most informative sources for historians
of the Middle Ages. The celestial twinning bond between
Richard I and Neckam was more significant than one can
imagine. Due to the fact that Alexander shared his birthday
with the royal son, his mother was hired to serve as a wet
nurse for the future monarch. Whereas Richard’s earliest
nourishment came from the right breast of his nurse,
Hodierna, her left breast was reserved for her own son,
Neckam!
The amazing stories of the parallel lives of these milk
brothers – the king and the abbot – are analyzed in the
Celestial Twins. Here I'd like just to remark that if these
celestial twins were nursed simultaneously, then the
imaginable exchange between the prince and the pauper,
described by Mark Twain, indeed could have happened.
However, the main point of this case is that Hodierna was
indeed a remarkable woman. She did not neglect her own
child as it would be demanded from many wet-nurses in the

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 Prenatal Psychology
following centuries. Instead, she had enough love and
nutrition for both kids. Later Richard I gave her a pension,
and she became, perhaps, the only wet-nurse in history to
have a place named after her: the Wiltshire Parish of Knoyle
Hodierne.

Case Three: C. G. Jung and Antonio

Machado
What is breathtaking about the phenomenon of
synchronicity
is that it occurs at every scale of nature, from the
subatomic
to the cosmic. It's one of the most pervasive
phenomena
in nature, but all the same time one of the most
mysterious
from a theoretical perspective. Steven Strogatz (24)
One of the greatest Spanish poets Antonio Machado
pondered on synchronicity in his poetry. The famous Swiss
psychologist C. G. Jung introduced its concept as "an
acausal connecting principle" in his pioneering monograph
Synchronicity. It is symbolic that both these thinkers, who
synchronically thought about synchronicity, were born as
celestial twins.
Their autobiographical stories include a number of
anecdotes, some of which deal with the amazing stories of
their esteemed paternal grandfathers as well as with their
"good" and extraordinarily perceptive mothers. While Jung
and Machado owed their philological abilities to their fathers,
their warm mothers, whom each of them deeply adored,

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 Prenatal Psychology
taught them to perceive the hidden meanings, symbols or
myths in each event. As a result of such different parental
influences, both celestial twins, though psychically healthy,
nevertheless, were reported to have multiple personalities or
"alter egos." While Jung described his second personality as
an old, wise man, who looked down from above with
reflective calm, Machado's "doubles" were ascribed to the
voices of the "wise men" in him.
It might well be that some of these family tales were just
wishful fantasies, myths and legends. Skeptics would say
that it is quite usual that the stories that we are told about our
family's past have selective inclusions or omissions.
Biographers would look for external sources of confirmation,
assuming that some of our memories are false. In that
sense, the greatest advantage of the ECT is that celestial
twinship is based on uncovering the parallels, synchronicity
and coincidences, rather than on the confirmations of the
individual facts. In other words, it is easier to establish the
striking resemblances between the family myths in the Jung
and Machado families, than to confirm the truthfulness of
their legends. Furthermore, comparison of their stories with
many others biographies leaves the impression of the
uniqueness of the prenatal myths in the Jung and Machado
families, which makes their life-stories exceptional. Although
these celestial twins considered themselves "normal" or
"ordinary" (if not a bit slow or "stupid") kids, there was
nothing "ordinary" in their memoirs. The question arises,
what do people see as "normal" and when it becomes
"extraordinary"?
One of the key figures of 19th-century literary realism, Henry
James (1843-1916) said that James family was his native

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 Prenatal Psychology
country and he knew no other (24, p. 43). The Professor of
Cognitive Psychology Alison Gopnik, who quoted this
sentence in the essay about her own childhood, considered
herself as an "ordinary" girl from an "ordinary" family [24]. In
general, many people are convinced that the only "normal"
course of life is to follow their own series of steps in reaching
their own goals as adults. But how can we be sure that our
family or our childhood is "normal" or "ordinary"
phenomenon? For example, Albert Einstein suggested that
we are mostly oblivious to the surrounding environment. He
even rhetorically asked: "What does a fish know about the
water in which he swims all his life?"
Every human being has particular parents born as particular
people at a particular historical phase. Celestial Twins stories
reveal that there are no uniform rules either for "ordinary"
lives, or for "extraordinary" successes. The ECT shows both
similar patterns of ageing among celestial twins and different
patterns between the different groups of celestial twins.
While some pairs of celestial twins (like the great musicians
Pablo Casals and Lionel Tertis) were plunged early into the
adult world of responsibilities, others, like the politically
minded Nancy and Waldorf Astor, enjoyed an extended
childhood. Some of the parents of the famous celestial twins
had dreams for their kids and helped them to realize them
(for example, the parents of Oscar Wilde and Karl Kautsky).
In contrast, parents of other pairs of celestial twins did not
have any intellectual expectations for their children, but the
kids became famous in spite of their parents’ attitude (like
George VI and Paul Eluard). In some families there was a
great respect for learning and insatiable hunger for
knowledge (for example, the families of the Nobel laureate in
Physics Laurence Bragg and of his celestial twin, the British

26
 Prenatal Psychology
oceanographer Arthur Doodson); other families lacked such
attitudes (for example, the parents of the Nobel Laureates in
Chemistry, the discoverers of isotopes Francis Aston and
Frederick Soddy). While some children had no idea what
they wanted to be (for example, the Nobel Laureates in
Physiology and Medicine Emil von Behring and Paul Ehrlich),
others, like Casals and Tertis, knew since the early childhood
that they were going to be musicians.
The stories of Jung and Machado are cardinally different
from all the mentioned cases. Both celestial twins
remembered themselves as pensive and solitary children,
whose thoughts, dreams and visions were strange to their
fellow men. Their respective biographers had difficulties
explaining the highly exceptional phenomenon of their "alter
egos" and described it as absolutely singular. On the
contrary, both Jung and Machado themselves thought that
their multiple personalities and ability of communication with
imaginary spiritual teachers should be a perfectly normal
state of things.
Much has been written about Jung and Machado’s multiple
personalities. While any pathological explanation of their
unusual experiences was rejected, there were no other
reasonable explanations. Whatever the reason for this
amazing phenomenon, it is clear that Jung and Machado had
singularly rare personalities. This fact reduces the chances
of the "plain coincidence" that these two people with the
same Theta-factor also had "by chance" similar
complementary wise personalities and purely "by chance"
ascribed them to their prenatal histories and to their mothers'
unique intuitive and loving influences.

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 Prenatal Psychology

Case Four: the Astors

In 1919, Nancy Astor became the first ever woman to sit in
the House of Commons, replacing in this position her
husband, Waldorf Astor, who brought her his lifelong
devotion and his seat in Parliament, and who was also her
celestial twin. Their comparative biographic stories present a
rare opportunity to discover that there were no gender rules
determining the choices made by different-sex celestial
twins.
Both celestial twins were born in America, but lived and
worked in England. The similarities in their personalities and
lifestyles were accompanied by similarities in the
personalities of their parents: both celestial twins had
dominating, erratic and idiosyncratic fathers and pliant, but
quietly suffering mothers.
As long as Nancy remembered herself, she was a tomboy,
whose true loves were sports and horses. Otherwise, her
education was considered as poor, and it was widely
believed that it reflected the sad situation of women’s lack of
access to higher schools. Yet while statistics is helpful in
describing the historical picture in general, it does not help to
understand why even in Nancy's times many women
succeeded in overcoming obstacles to learning. Known for
her self-will and powerful personality, Nancy usually got
everything she wished, but for some reason she was not
seeking for a higher education. In that sense, her motivations
might be better understood from the life story of her male
celestial twin Waldorf, who loved sports and horses and
received an education very much like hers.
A few words about the parental attitudes of the Astors, who

28
 Prenatal Psychology
gave birth to five children. The views on child rearing in their
home were typical of Edwardian upper class families, where
nannies ran the lives of the children. Astonishingly, nothing is
written about Nancy’s pregnancies, as if she knew neither
the suffering of childbearing nor the joys of nursing a baby.
All these observations might suggest a hypothesis that on
the mental level, there should not be basic differences
between the genders.

Case Five: Goering and Rosenberg:

The Parental Loss
Alice Miller believed that behind every crime a personal
tragedy is hidden (26). A comprehensive study of orphaned
children, Parental Loss and Achievement, revealed that the
reaction of rage as a result of parental loss at a young age
may be later transformed into either outstanding
accomplishments or equally outstanding antisocial behavior
(27). Furthermore, such abandoned or neglected orphans
more than others tend to choose a political career. So high is
the percentage of orphaned children in politics that the
authors of the study wonder: "Can we ask with all
seriousness – do orphans rule the world?" (27, p. vii). The
problem is now so significant that it is mentioned also in
popular culture: thus the fictional Lord Voldemort from Harry
Potter is depicted by J. K. Rowling as an orphaned baby,
unloved and neglected by his parents. In Celestial Twins
there is a story of two real and infamous personalities, whose
world impact was similar to Lord Voldemort's, while their
early babyhood resembled his early trauma!
Born in different countries (Russia and Germany

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 Prenatal Psychology
respectively), Alfred Rosenberg, Hitler’s temporary
successor in 1923, and Hermann Goering, Hitler’s nominated
successor after 1933, happened to be celestially entwined in
their birth and their death. Both arrived simultaneously in the
defeated Berlin of December 1918 and both eventually
became the most powerful figures of the Third Reich,
"second" only to Hitler. From their first meeting their lives as
if crashed into each other and in the end they were
condemned to death on the same day of the same year.
Their bodies were cremated together; their ashes were
mixed in the same vessel and then scattered together into
the muddy gutter of some anonymous lane.
Both celestial twins were born to prosperous German
parents. Their life dramas began just a few weeks after the
boys’ birth, when both babies were abruptly separated from
their mothers. Rosenberg's mother died when he was less
than two months old; Goering's mother gave him to a foster
family when he was six weeks old. Although the
circumstances were different, both babies became orphaned.
Both felt themselves neglected. In his adulthood, Goering
laconically summed up this experience: "It is the cruelest
thing that can happen to a child, to be torn from his mother in
his formative years" (28, p. 3).
Today it is widely accepted that the traumatic experience of
maternal deprivation as a baby may lead to the inability to
give and receive warmth. Yet it was not obvious at the end of
the 19th Century. Nowadays it is hard to believe, but as late
as 1907 just in France alone nearly 80,000 babies were sent
"for their own good" from their homes to wet nurses in the
country (3, p. 25). Usually, the distance from the parental
homes prevented parents from regularly visiting their infants

30
 Prenatal Psychology
who were sent out to be nursed. The early bonding between
mother and child was broken; according to Diana Dick:
"When babies were sent out to wet nurse, these emotional
ties were made with the nurse, and broken abruptly two
years or so later when the child was returned to its real
parents. Many toddlers must have been bereft, and it was
not surprising that there were problems of adjustment" (3, p.
123).
Particularly, in Goering's case, his biographers agree that he
was a lonely toddler given to fits of tears and tantrums.
Nothing that his surrogate parents did for him seemed
capable of making up for the absence of his mother. His
parents were abroad for three years, and when they came to
take him back, the boy responded by beating his mother
about the face and chest and then bursting into tears.
Significantly, this was Goering’s earliest memory. The
stranger who was his father he ignored completely.
One should be hardly surprised that in the end, according to
the psychological tests carried out during the Nuremberg
process, Goering demonstrated extreme inability to give and
receive warmth, sensitivity, and nourishment to and from
others. According to the similar tests, Rosenberg’s capacity
for love was never developed.
In their babyhood Rosenberg and Goering did not develop
their emotional nature. In their adulthood both strived to
change the world by physical destruction of their enemies. In
accordance with the most primitive version of Social
Darwinism they tried to select different groups of people
worthy of the future. In a way it was a return to the days of
the Ancient Sparta or Rome, where the weak or deformed

31
 Prenatal Psychology
babies were usually disposed of by their parents.
Why some people choose love, sharing and cooperation,
while others prefer hatred, envy and competition? There is
no definite answer. The fact is that Goering and Rosenberg
lived in constant fear of being robbed of their most basic
needs. Like weak babies they lived in horror to be left without
their sources of life-energy. In the end, the reality was
cardinally different from their beliefs: although both devoted
their lives to the struggle for "Lebensraum," in their end there
was enough mud to contain the mixed ashes of both of them.
The further analysis showed that not all those who were born
on the same date with Goering and Rosenberg were fated to
have an infamous destiny. Furthermore, both of them were
also given many opportunities to make other choices. The
messages written in Theta-factor do not intend to condemn
any moment of birth. On the contrary, they might give us a
clue, why the Biblical Prophets taught us about the urgent
need to take a special loving care of orphans and widows,
and why the sacredness of life should be accompanied by
love and compassion even to the weakest infants.

Case Six: Ernest Hemingway and Hart

Crane
In her classic, The Drama of the Gifted Child: The search for
the True Self, Alice Miller argued that suicidal tendencies as
well as many mental illnesses are caused by traumatic
experiences in infancy and in early childhood. Specifically,
she suggested that the babies cannot afford taking risks of
losing their parents. To survive, the child often tries to get
parental love, even if such love is conditioned on the

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 Prenatal Psychology
development of the "false self" by the deprived child. In this
case, the child's intellectual abilities continue to develop
normally, but her/his emotional life can be irreparably
damaged (17).
In Celestial Twins a vivid example of such emotional
deprivation is described in the comparative stories of two
outstanding representatives of the so-called Lost generation
– the writer Ernest Hemingway and the poet Hart Crane,
born in prosperous American families on July 21, 1899.
Many psychologists and biographers tried to find out why
success and fame did not bring these talented individuals
satisfaction, but rather feelings of emptiness and self-
alienation. Why two different individuals, born in a peaceful
period in well-to-do families, both hated their nagging
mothers, themselves and their lives? Why did they both
commit suicide? How did they become such frustrated and
self-destructive adults?
One of the possible answers is that the scenarios of
Hemingway’s and Crane’s lives resembled the stories of
many other emotionally gifted children who felt themselves
humiliated by insensitive parents as described by Miller.
Indeed, their lives demonstrated almost all the mechanisms
of defense suggested by her – such as dreams of
grandiosity, depressions, alcoholism, escape from
attachments and self-destructiveness.
In their adulthood both celestial twins claimed that the roots
of their troubles were hidden in their childhood. Both of them
wrote about their unhappy adolescence, about their
prolonged vendetta against their mothers and their feelings
of estrangement from their harsh fathers.

33
 Prenatal Psychology
Should we believe them? There are many reasons to
assume that most of the autobiographies are less than
truthful. Some psychologists suggest that we normally want
to look good and therefore try to present our behavior and
choices in the best light (19). Nevertheless, it remains highly
subjective to decide what topics people choose to discuss in
their memoirs and what exactly the "best light" is for them. In
this particular case, most biographers would find
Hemingway’s and Crane’s recollections of their childhood
unreliable due to excessive emotional involvement. Perhaps,
"objectively" the parental relationships in the families of
Crane or Hemingway were less "difficult" than, for example,
the relationships between the parents of Nancy or Waldorf
Astor. Nevertheless born during the Phoenix Hour (1885-
1901), Hemingway and Crane belonged already to a new
generation with its new paradigms. Unlike the pragmatic and
sportive Astors, Hemingway and Crane looked at the world
through the prism of their feelings, and for both their
emotional reality was as solid as any "objective" facts. Seen
jointly, their biographies reveal an amazing coordination
between their lives as well as between the worldviews of
their parents.
Both celestial twins were the grandchildren of war veterans.
Hemingway was named after his maternal grandfather
Ernest Hall. Crane would name himself after his maternal
grandfather Hart.
Their mothers’ name was Grace: Grace Edna Hart and
Grace Hall. Both Graces were born in Oak Park, a
fashionable suburb of Chicago. In their youth both girls were
beautiful and talented. Both studied voice training and
dreamt to become famous opera singers. Those dreams

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 Prenatal Psychology
were dispelled when they met their future husbands,
Clarence Edmond Hemingway and Clarence Arthur Crane.
One year senior than their future wives, both Clarences
belonged to respected American families. Both were popular
and charming young men, who loved the outdoor life and
had much earthier interests than their future brides.
Unfortunately, after their weddings, the romantic side of love
was over, and the real married life was far from the rosy
expectations of the newly-wed wives. The clashes of
different lifestyles between wives and husbands made
frequent quarrels unavoidable in both married couples.
Consequently, both their first-born sons Ernest Hemingway
and Hart Crane experienced their fathers and mothers as
two different poles of existence. Because each parent was a
self-righteous person, and because all of them tried to mold
their sons after themselves, the lives of both children
became in Crane’s words a constant struggle to "reconcile
the irreconcilable."
Neither the Hemingways, nor the Cranes had ever thought
that they might be egoistic in their demands from the
children. But both children were sure of this. On one hand,
following these celestial twins it would be easy to blame their
parents for torturing and twisting the sensitive souls of their
young boys. Yet from the temporological perspective, we
may find in these stories deeper insights. Undoubtedly, both
couples of parents were well-intended people, but both were
trapped in the rigid concepts of their families and the limits of
their own poor sexual and psychological education. The
detailed analysis led to conclusion that in both families the
parents' own feeling nature was crippled, and the problems
of their own low self-esteem did not allow them to
understand the growing needs of the new generation. In that

35
 Prenatal Psychology
view, it would be pointless and even cruel to blame people,
who were themselves suffering from frustrations and
depressions. We cannot change the past; we cannot prevent
the tragedy that at the age of fifty seven Hemingway's father
shot himself to death, and three of his children would also
eventually commit suicide. Nevertheless, there is a new hope
for new insights and new conscious approach to marriage
and parenting.
One of the most important findings and messages of the
extensive analysis of this case is the urgent need to inform
the future parents that the quality of their love and their sex-
life pertains not only to "he" and "she," but rather is
prolonged in the lives of their children: "Before making
revolutions and blaming the Universe for our suffering,
people are invited to learn how to conceive and deliver our
children in love" (4, p. 99).

Case Seven:
Vita Sackville-West and David Garnett
The amazing story of two well-known British writers – David
Garnett (1892-1981) and Vita Sackville-West (1892-1962)
continues to explore the complexity and irrationality of
human passions and feelings.
These celestial twins were the only children of their parents;
both were raised in Kent, in lonely houses surrounded by
fairy-tale forests. Both grew up as solitary children;
woodlands were their best friends.
In both families the serious but rather erratic and dominating
mothers were five years older than the merry but rather weak

36
 Prenatal Psychology
fathers. Both mothers were 30-years-old when they gave
birth for the first and last time in their lives. Both couples had
been hitherto happily married; both pregnancies were
welcomed by the happy parents-to-be. The tradition of fairy
tales expects that we tell about the happy birth of their heirs,
but the births of these babies were not happy.
Both deliveries were so long, exhausting and horrible
experiences that both mothers decided to do everything
(including putting a stop to marital sex) to avoid any future
pregnancies. Additionally, both births were marked by
disappointments. The first one was connected with the
babies' genders. Vita's mother desperately wanted a son
who, and only who, by the British Law could inherit her
hereditary household Knole – one of the largest aristocratic
houses in England. David's mother, on the contrary, wanted
a daughter, in whom she could find her life-long friend. Both
mothers blamed their babies for ruining their dreams.
The second disappointment had even deeper roots and it
presented a basic conflict of interests between the mothers
and their infants. Most people take it for granted that women
should love their babies. Yet at this stage of their lives both
mothers desperately wanted to be appreciated in their own
rights. Whereas they dreamt about careers, adventures and
recognition, both resented the idea of being stuck with their
crying babies. In addition to physical care and nutrition, their
kids demanded love and attention, but, unfortunately for all of
them, their mothers had no time to pay attention to their
needs and there was no Love. Both mothers early decided
that these little nuzzling creatures were too ugly and stupid to
be really loved. As a result, both celestial twins remembered
themselves as miserable and despised children.

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 Prenatal Psychology
In the eyes of their biographers, both mothers in this case
were known as "heroic women" of their times. Deciding that
they had more important tasks to do than to take care of their
babies, both continued to pursue their interests as if they had
no kids. Constance Garnett became a brilliant translator of
the Russian classics. Victoria Sackville-West became one of
the most attractive aristocratic ladies in European societies.
Nevertheless, in the eyes of their children, both mothers
were erratic, eccentric and insensitive.
An attempt to confabulate the early experiences of both
mothers – Constance Garnett and Victoria Sackville-West –
discovered meaningful trans-generational traumas running in
their families. A feeling of being abandoned or
misunderstood was shared by both mothers from their own
early childhoods. Certain family patterns ran from generation
to generation, and in the end Vita and David were born as
celestial twins. Despite being of different genders, Vita and
David had psychological attitudes so similar that both
became known not only for their literary talents and their love
to gardening and farming, but also for their dubious
Casanova’s reputations: both were libertines and seducers of
women. Although both were married and had sons, both
were bi-sexual and, in particular, both were passionately –
Vita would say with "sick passion" – attracted to the
Stephens sisters: Vita to the writer Virginia Woolf and David
to the painter Vanessa Bell. Both these passions led to
dramatic if not tragic consequences for all the involved.
It is very important to stress that the ECT encourages
thinking about isomorphic life-patterns in a fairly abstract
way. Readers as well as researchers are encouraged to
remain neutral observers and theoreticians rather than

38
 Prenatal Psychology
experimentalists initiating a process. In short, I saw my goals
in focusing on the patterns of development and
communications, capturing and comparing naturally
occurring paths of behavior. The challenge was to uncover
the temporal laws rather than to judge certain people, be it
the generations of sons or of parents. In other words, the real
challenge was to become conscious of possible
consequences, and thereafter to become responsible for our
adult choices.
In addition, it is important to share one of the crucial findings
in this study. There are no two identical celestial twins: even
monozygotic twins born as Siamese twins are only
approximately similar. Although monozygotic twins reared
together are far more similar to each other than unrelated
people or even ordinary siblings are to each other, they are
nowhere near being indistinguishable (20). There are always
small differences between the initial conditions and timings:
the uterus is large enough to allow every embryo to specify
its unique instance of implantation and its unique place,
where the conceptus adheres to the wall of the uterus. What
is in common language treated as a single event of
conception becomes in the temporal point of view a set of
highly complicated processes, such as ovulation, fertilization,
travel of the fertilized egg down the fallopian tube, adaptation
of uterus and implantation. These variations leave enough
room to make different choices within the same epochal
structures.

Corrigibility
Rather than childhood experiences causing us to be who we
are,

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 Prenatal Psychology
who we are causes our children experiences. Steven Pinker
(20)

In the previous sections we saw various examples of the

parental influences on the children's future. Of course, the
difference between adults and children is unquestionable
today. Unlike adults, babies are completely dependent on
their parents, and their range of free conscious choices is
extremely limited. Yet, nevertheless, the parents themselves
were also once babies, and many of them felt themselves
abandoned or neglected by their parents. Such parents often
remained unprepared for their role as adults. Does it mean
that we are fated to stay in this vicious circle of continuous
ignorance?
The answer is: definitely NO, because it would be wrong to
say that all the babies are identical and are born as a tabula
rasa. It would be equally wrong to decide that everything is
predestined before our birth and we are fated to follow the
steps of our predecessors. Our strength as a humankind is in
our ability to learn and to acquire new insights at any age
and in any period of our life. A following short story told by
the Nobel Laureate in Literature Frederic Mistral in his
Memoirs can be seen in the context of this essay as a
parable.
Usually we either do not remember our first years at all, or
they appear in our imagination vaguely, as in a mist. Many
people believe it childish to share their childish feelings,
experiences or thoughts. Sometimes one has to have
poetical or musical inclinations to revive in one's memory the
first vivid pictures. Here is the earliest memory, which
influenced all the future long life of the Provençal poet, born
September 8, 1830 in a peasant family. Frederic's father had

40
 Prenatal Psychology
never studied psychology and was never considered a very
sensitive person. He used to work hard, and at the moment
of his son's birth, about three o'clock in the afternoon, he was
working in his fields. A messenger ran from the house to tell
him about the birth of his son.
"A son? Make the Lord make him grow big and good!" – said
the father and continued his work as usual.
When Frederic was four or five, he was fascinated with the
beautiful golden iris flowers. He wanted to pick them, but
they were growing in the middle of a deep ditch. One day his
desire became so strong that he ran to the ditch, stretched
his hands too far and fell into the mud. He was already deep
in the water up to his neck when his mother ran from the
house to save him. She called him "a bad boy," spanked him
and changed his clothes. He was forbidden to approach the
ditch again, yet the mother was busy and nobody was
looking after the curious child. So he tried to pick the golden
flowers again, and again he had a dangerous accident. This
time he was called "a little monster" and spanked again. It
did not change anything. That day the accident happened
the third time. This time after the rescuing from the water the
child was immediately put into his bed. Exhausted from
crying, Frederic fell asleep. But when he woke up, near his
bed there was a beautiful vase with the golden irises. This
time his parents understood him and decided that the only
way to keep their child safe was to pay attention to his
needs.
This story is especially dear to me, because it shows how
people may learn from each other, and how even small
children might become educators for their parents. Today
spanking and beating children is prohibited in many

41
 Prenatal Psychology
countries. Today leaving children without attention might be
considered a crime. Yet today's laws cannot be applied to
the yesterday's times. Somebody had to become an
autodidact and discover the laws of Love and baby care from
their personal mistakes. It was this parental ability to learn
and to correct misdeeds, which caused their child to become
a creative person, a poet and a son, who wrote about his
parents with love and respect.
I hope that this story will encourage parents to listen lovingly
to their babies and to recognize their special needs and
feelings.

Conclusions
Time is important for specialists from many different
backgrounds. The formation of the personal makeup appears
to be temporal rather than exclusively cultural or genetic. It
means that we may have a history extending before our birth
and even before our parents have conceived us. We may
picture this earlier history as a succession of generations or
as a succession of the periods in the cultural history. We
might understand ourselves better historically, in the light not
only of what happened during our early formative years, but
of what took place before our birth, in the prior generations
(Epigenetics). Once we admit causality and succession of
the main historical patterns, there may be better chances to
improve our own self-realization.
The study of child development is in its infancy, and we can
expect many surprises on a long road to a more conscious
and harmonious child rearing. Different groups of households
have different values and histories of lifestyles, different
child-rearing patterns and different communication styles.

42
 Prenatal Psychology
The ECT teaches us to become keen observers of our own
life patterns in light of similarities and contrasts among the
other groups of people with different Theta-factors. An
understanding of these temporal patterns is equally
important in building better relationships and improving
communication. In particular, a new approach to our
personalities might help future parents to lessen family
stresses and violence, preventing many potential suicide
attempts. Due to the fact that the main issue in Theta-factor
studies is time itself, we gradually learn to avoid any forms of
mutual or trans-generational blaming, and instead begin to
accept personal responsibilities for our times and for our part
in forming our Zeitgeist.

References
1. Stevenson T. J. et al., (2015) Disrupted seasonal biology impacts
health, food security and ecosystems. Proc. R. Soc. B. 282: 20151453.

2. Levin E. (2016), Measuring Personal and Collective History.

Proceedings of XXVI Symposium on Metrology and Metrology
Assurance, September 7-11, Sozopol, Bulgaria, pp. 307-312.

3. Dick D. (1987),Yesterday's Babies. A History of Babycare. London:

The Bodley Head,

4. Levin E. (2014), Selestialnyie Bliznetsyi. Moscow: Amrita-Rus, 2006

(in Russian); Teomim Shmeimiim, Haifa: Hashraa, 2009 (in Hebrew);
Celestial Twins, Tel-Aviv: Astrolog

5. Carducci G. Confessione e Eattaglie, vol. iv, pp. 3-4.

6. Brockman J. (ed.) (2004), Curious Minds. New York: Vintage Books .

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7. Rosenberg D., Grafton A. (2010), Cartographies of Time. Princeton

University,

8. Petrov V. M. (2008), Social’naja i kul’turnaja dinamika:

bystrotekushhie processy: (informacionnyj podhod). SPb.: Aletejja.

9. Levin E. (2016), Time for Poetry in the Model of the Clock of the
Phoenix: The Temporal Aspect of Poetic Creativity. Rivista di Psicologia
dell’ Arte, Rome, No 27, pp 55-64.

10. Matt S. J., Stearns P. N. (eds.) (2013), Doing Emotions History.

University of Illinois Press.

11. McCormick A. (2010), Infant Mortality and Child-Naming: A

Genealogical Exploration of American Trends. The Journal of Public and
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12. Levin E. (2012), Prostranstvo-vremya v Vysokorazvitych

Biologicheskich Sistemah, Jerusalem, Health & Healing Ltd.

13. Levin E. (2014), Chasy Feniksa, Jerusalem: Milky Way, 2013;

Moscow: Avvalon-LoScarabeo (in Russian); Shaon HaPhoenix, Tel-Aviv:
Yediot Miskal, 2014 (in Hebrew).

14. Levin E. (2017), Differences Between Measuring Durations in the

Laboratory Experiments and Time Measurements in the Life-Sciences
and Humanities. Paper presented at the XXVII Symposium on Metrology
and Metrology Assurance, September 8-12, 2017, Sozopol, Bulgaria.

15. Graber G. H. (1945), Einheit und Zwiespalt der Seele. Entwicklung,

Struktur und Ambivalenz des Seelenlebens beim Kinde. Bern: Hans
Huber.

16. Mandelashtam N, (1990), Vtoraya kniga. Moscow: Moskobskiy

rabochiiy.

17. Miller A. (1981), The Drama of the Gifted Child. New York: Basic
Book Inc.

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18. Verny T., Kelly J.(1981), The Secret Life of the Unborn Child. New
York: Summit Books.

19. Bohm D. (2002), The Essential David Bohm. London; Routledge.

20. Pinker S. (2004), How We May have Become What We Are. In:
Brockman J. (ed) Curious Minds. New York: Vintage Books, pp. 81-91.

21. Bar Ilan M. (1990), Infant Mortality in the Land of Israel in Late
Antiquity. In: Fishbane S. and Lightstone J. (eds.), Judaism and Jewish
Society. Montreal: Concordia University Press, pp. 3-25.

22. Ginzberg L. Antoninus in the Talmud / The unedited full-text of the

1906 Jewish Encyclopedia. Available from JewishEncyclopedia.com

23. Soyinka W. , (1989), Ake: The Years of Childhood. Vintage.

24. Strogatz S. (2004), The Math of the Real World. In: Brockman J.
(ed.) Curious Minds. New York: Vintage Books, pp. 193-203.

25. Gopnik A. (2004), A Midcentury Modern Education. In: Brockman J.

(ed.) Curious Minds. New York: Vintage Books, pp. 43-53.

26. Miller A. (1983), For your own Good. Farrar-Strauss-Giroox, New

York.

27. Eisenstadt M. et al.(1989), Parental Loss and Achievement, Madison

Conn., International University Press, Inc.

28. Mosley L. (1974), The Reich Marshal, a Biography of Hermann

Goering, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, pp, 3-4.

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 Prenatal Psychology

Appreciations
My deep thanks to Jon RG Turner and Troya GN Turner Groot, the
pioneers of Whole- Self Psychology, Philosophy & Education, for their
encouraging me to write this essay.

My warm thanks to all the members of House of Scientists Haifa, and

especially to Alexander Bakhmutsky, PhD and Professor Grigory
Brekhman, for their enthusiasm in organizing numerous lectures and
open public discussions.

I want also to thank Marina Eskin for her helpful remarks on my English
text

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 Prenatal Psychology

Meet the Authors

LUDWIG JANUS, MD
Chapter 1: Prenatal
Psychology opens up a new
horizon for the human concept

Ludwig Janus, M.D. is a

lecturer and psychoanalysis
instructor at the Psychoanalytic
Training Institute in Heidelberg, Germany. He is past-
president of the International Society for Prenatal and
Perinatal Psychology and Medicine (ISPPM) and current
Co-editor of the International Journal of Prenatal and
Perinatal Psychology. He acts as an Advisory Emeritus
for the International Journal of Prenatal & Life Sciences.
He has published numerous articles and books on
prenatal and perinatal psychology and on psychohistory,
including The Enduring Effects of Prenatal Life.
http://www.ludwig-janus.de

THOMAS R. MD,
VERNY,
DPsych., DHL, FRCPC, FAPA
Chapter 2: The Impact of
Maternal Factors on Prenatal
Development

Thomas R. Verny is a
psychiatrist, writer and
academic. He has previously taught at Harvard
University, University of Toronto, York University,
Toronto, St. Mary’s University, Minneapolis, Minnesota

47
 Prenatal Psychology
and the Santa Barbara Graduate Institute. In 1983 Verny
founded the Pre- and Perinatal Psychology Association
of North America (PPPANA, renamed APPPAH in
1995), and served as its president for eight years. In
1986 he launched the Association's Journal (Human
Sciences Press, New York), which he edited from its
inception until 1990. In 2013 he became once again
Editor-In-Chief of the Journal (JAPPPAH). Verny's many
books, professional publications and founding of the
PPPANA and the Pre- and Perinatal Journal, have
established him as one of the world's leading authorities
on the effect of the prenatal and early postnatal
environment on personality development. In 2004
Mothering Magazine, in recognition of Verny’s
contributions to the field of parenting and child rearing,
named him one of their “living treasures.” In 2005 the
Santa Barbara Graduate Institute bestowed on Verny a
Doctorate of Humane Letters (DHL). Dr. Verny retired
from active practice in in 2014. He lives with his wife in
Stratford, Canada. He is Associate Editor of the Journal
of Pre and Perinatal Psychology Association and Health
(JOPPPAH) and member of the Ontario Review Board
(ORB) as well as Editor Emeritus for “The International
Journal of Prenatal & Life Sciences”.

http://www.trvernymd.com

ARTHUR JANOV, DR
Chapter 3: Epigenetics and
Primal Therapy
August 21, 1924 – October 1,
2017). Also known as Art

48
 Prenatal Psychology
Janov. He was an American psychologist,
psychotherapist, and writer. Originally, he practiced
conventional psychotherapy in his native California. He
did an internship at the Hacker Psychiatric Clinic
in Beverly Hills, worked for the Veterans' Administration
at Brentwood Neuropsychiatric Hospital and was in
private practice from 1952 until his death in 2017. He
was also on the staff of the Psychiatric Department at
Los Angeles Children's Hospital where he was involved
in developing their psychosomatic unit.He gained
notability as the creator of primal therapy, a treatment for
mental illness that involves repeatedly descending into,
feeling, and experiencing long-repressed
childhood pain. Janov directed a psychotherapy institute
called the Primal Center in Santa Monica, California.
Janov was the author of many books, most notably The
Primal Scream (1970)
http://www.arthurjanov.com

MICHEL ODENT, MD
Chapter 4: What Obstatricians
Need to Know About Prostate
Cancer
Michel Odent is a French
obstetrician and childbirth
specialist Born in a French village in 1930, Odent
studied medicine in Paris and was educated as a
surgeon in the 1950s. In charge of the surgical and
maternity units of the Pithiviers hospital (France) from
1962 to 1985, Odent has developed a special interest in
environmental factors influencing the birth processHe is

49
 Prenatal Psychology
the author of the first article in the
medical literature about the
initiation of lactation during the hour
following birth (1977), of the first
article about the use of birthing
pools (Lancet 1983), and of the first
article applying the ‘Gate Control
Theory of Pain’ to obstetrics (1975).
See pubmed.com (Odent M). He
created the Primal Health Research database
(www.primalhealthresearch.com). Author of 16 books
published in 24 languages.
Michel Odent is Visiting Professor at the Odessa
National Medical University and Doctor Honoris Causa
of the University of Brasilia
http://www.wombecology.com
http://www.primalhealthresearch.com

JON RG TURNER & TROYA CN TURNER

Chapter 5: Prebirth Education Begins Before
Conception
The Turners are Pioneers in Prebirth Psychology since
1970.. JRG holds a BA in Greek & English. He was a
Broadcaster & Journalist before pioneering as a Prebirth
Psychotherapist. A 3 times elected VP of the
International Society for Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology
& Medicine, Jon RG has served for over two decades on
the ISPPM Executive Board and the Editorial Board of
the International Journal for Prenatal and Perinatal
Psychology & Medicine; He was a Consultant and Board

50
 Prenatal Psychology
Member to The Villaggio della Madre e dell Fanciullo
(The Village for Mother and Child) in Milan, Italy; Social
Work And Health Intervention Journal published by St.
Elizabeth’s University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
Troya GN Turner-Groot has qualified in Nursing &
specialized in Cardiology, Psychiatry (as Head Nurse) &
Social Psychiatry. She was a Co-Founder with Dr. Frits
Johann of the ISPPM:Netherlands Chapter. Her book
SEEKING A MIRACLE! has been translated into several
languages.
They are Life Members ISPPM; Members APPPAH;
Founding & Board Members Hellenic Union of Prenatal
& Perinatal Psychology & Medicine; Honorary Members
Association for National Educazione Prenatale: Italia;
Honorary Members Russian Association Perinatal
Psychology & Medicine - Moscow; Honorary Members
International Institute of Psychology & Administration -
St. Petersburg, Russia; Past Members Scientific &
Medical Network (UK); Association for Treatment &
Training in the Attachment of Children - ATTACh. They
have over 100 papers & articles in magazines, specialist
& medical publications. They are Editors-in-Chief of the
Prenatal & Life Sciences Journal & this Centenary
Anthology.
In 2007, they received a Distinguished Award of
Excellence from the Global Foundation for Integrative
Medicine. They received the ISPPM 2012 Elda
Mazzocchi Scarzella Award in recognition of 50 years of
Pioneering Research and Practice in Discovery and
Development of Whole-Self Prebirth Psychology,
Philosophy & Education; for discovery that a basic cause

51
 Prenatal Psychology
of pathology can be traced to Mother's charged
emotions and thoughts during her pregnancy; for the
discovery that Human Beings are not only the synthesis
of their parent's physical DNA but also the synthesis of
their emotional DNA which they named the Emotional
DNA©; for research in the link between Prebirth
Psychology and Reactive Attachment Disorder in
Children; for discovery that during gestation Human
Consciousness is not in mother’s body but in her Bio-
Energetic Field or Aura surrounding and animating her
physical body; for promulgating Holistic Prebirth & Birth
Psychology Education to over 20,000 People in over 30
Countries Around the Globe.
https://wholeselfprebirthpsychology.wordpress.com
/
Whole-Self.org & Whole-Self.info

52
 Prenatal Psychology
OLGA GOUNI, PPC
Chapter 6: The Complexity of
Prenatal & Perinatal Experience
Chapter 15: Welcoming Our
Children: Moving Towards a
Salutogenic Mode of Practice
Epilogue: A Gift to Humanity
Olga is a Whole-Self Prenatal Psychotherapist/
Educator. She is the founder of cosmoanelixis, the
organization that offers Postgraduate and Specialization
Professional Education in Prenatal and Life Sciences
education globally. She is the external educator for the
Kapodistrian University, Athens (EKPA), member of the
Research Team COST Action and founder of the
International Journal of Prenatal & Life Sciences
Academic, open access journal. She has travelled
extensively teaching and participating in various projects
has written two books and contributed chapters to
others. She founded the Hellenic Union for Prenatal &
Perinatal Psychology and Medicine and served as its
President for 14 years. She supported the works of
ISPPM for many years and is the Co-Director for Greece
and Cyprus for the Whole-Self Discovery and
Development Institute, International. Her main interest is
connecting the Academic world with the community
designing and implementing services that promote
human consciousness evolution, wellbeing and peace.
www.cosmoanelixis.gr
www.journalprenatalife.com

53
 Prenatal Psychology
PROF. DEJAN RAKOVIC
Chapter 7: On Quantum-
Holographic & Trans-Generational
Implications for Child Developement

Professor Dejan Rakovic has a

wide scientific interest, broadly
related to materials science and
biophysics, covering the fields of nanomaterials &
biomaterials, nanotechnology and spectroscopy, as well
as biophysics and bioinformatics of biomolecular,
psychosomatic, cognitive and electrophysiological
functions. He has published over 250 scientific papers
and communications, cited over 400 times in scientific
periodicals and monographs, and has given numerous
invited lectures in former Yugoslavia and abroad. He is
also referee of a number of journals in the fields of
materials science, biophysics and biomedical
engineering.

He got his B.Sc. degree in engineering physics from the

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, and his M.Sc. and
Ph.D. degrees in theoretical physics from the Faculty of
Science, at the University of Belgrade. From 1977 he got
all his professional positions from the Faculty of
Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, where he
taught until his retirement (2016) numerous courses
related to materials science, biomaterials, biophysics,
and quantum informatics, on undergraduate and
postgraduate levels, and had (co-)authored over 10
textbooks from the university down to high-school levels.
He was heading Biomedical and Environmental

54
 Prenatal Psychology
Engineering Curriculum (from 1996 to 2016),
postgraduate Materials Science Curriculum (from 1987
to 2005), Department of Materials Science (in several
election periods during 1990ies), and undergraduate
Module of Physical Electronics (from 2012 to 2015).

Since 1997 he is being vice-president elect of the

Yugoslav Materials Research Society, and guest co-
editor of 10 volumes from YUCOMAT conferences.
During the period 1995-1998 he headed regional project
Brain and Consciousness at the European Centre for
Peace and Development (ECPD) of the United Nations
University of Peace in Belgrade and co-edited 5 books
published by ECPD, while from 2009 he was heading
the ECPD International School of Quantum-
Informational Medicine, with co-authored ECPD thematic
textbook. In 1999 he co-founded International Anti-
Stress Center (IASC) in Belgrade, becoming president
elect of the IASC Governing Board, with wide
educational holistic anti-stress activities and co-authored
IASC thematic textbook, while in 2009 he founded his
Fund (DRF) for Holistic Research and Ecology of
Consciousness, with wide promotive holistic activities
including co-organization of Symposium of Quantum-
Informational Medicine QIM 2011 and co-edited thematic
e-Proceedings. In 2015 he also co-organized 1st Int.
Congress on Psychological Trauma: Prenatal, Perinatal
& Postnatal Aspects (PTPPPA 2015), with co-edited
thematic e-Proceedings.

55
 Prenatal Psychology
PROF. MIRJANA SOVILJI
Chapter 8: Transfer of
Transgenerational Information
and the Possibility of their
Measurement and/or Monitoring

Prof. Mirjana Sovilji is psycho-

physiologist, audiolinguist,
valeologist and prenatal psychologist. She was born in
Belgrade. She finished postgraduate studies in Centre
for multidisciplinary studies, University of Belgrade. In
1987., she got her magistrature, and in 2000., her PhD.
She has PhD in psychophysiology and she is Honorary
PhD in philosophy of valeology, IABET. She is the
restorer and director of the Institute for Experimental
Phonetics and Speech Pathology, „Đorđe Kostić”, and
co-founder of Life Activities Advancement Institute in
Belgrade. PhD Mirjana Sovilj’s publications are a
reflection of her holistic approach in studying and
research of language of awareness and thoughts, and
they are very thematically diverse, but in general,
focused on observation and studying of speech and
language through different scientific aspects, so that her
studies belong to different scientific domains, as:
psycholinguistics, pedagogy, developmental psychology,
applied linguistics, electro acoustics, neural linguistics,
electrophysiology, prenatal medicine, audio linguistics,
philosophy of language, valeology, cosmogony etc

56
 Prenatal Psychology
PROF. GRIGORI BREKHMAN,
M.D., Ph.D., DSci, Prof. of
Obstetrics & Gynecology.
Chapter 9: Renaissance of
parenthood as a way to the
prevention of pre-perinatal traumas
in the Future generation of people
Grigori Brekhman is an obstetrician who explored the
ways mother and unborn baby communicate and he
formulated his wave theory on that. He has had a rich
presence and contribution to the world of Prenatal &
Perinatal Psychology and Medicine over the many
decades of his work and he is still travelling and sharing
his wisdom in congresses globally. He was former Head
of the Gynecologic Clinic and the Department of
Obstetrics & Gynecology at the Faculty of
Postgraduate Doctor’s Perfection of the Ivanovo’s
State Medical Academy (ISMA, Russia) (1986-2001),
Former Head of the Dissertation Council in
Obstetrics and Gynecology at ISMA (1991-2000). He
is member of the International Society on Prenatal
and Perinatal Psychology and Medicine (ISPPM
since 1992), member of Consulting Advisory Board of
ISPPM (2002-2008), member of Editorial Board of:
Int. Journal on Pre and Perinatal Psychology and
Medicine, Bulletin of Ivanovo Medical Academy
(Ivanovo); Advisor Emeritus for the International
Journal of Prenatal & Life Sciences and a Scientific
Consultant in Prenatal Psychology at the
Interdisciplinary Clinical Center of Haifa University acting
as a volunteer, Head of the Department of Prenatal
Psychology and Medicine of Integrative Research

57
 Prenatal Psychology
On-line Institute. Member of the House of Scientists.
Haifa, Israel His Scientific contribution includes 253
articles and abstracts & 7 books
http://www.brekhman.iri-
as.org/index_e.html
IOANNA MARI & LAURA
UPLINGER
Chapter 10: Prenatal Education,
Early Parenting Ten golden rules
for future parents
Ioanna Mari, from Athens Greece,
is a hon. Judge of the Superior Administrative Court of
Greece (Council of the State 1968-2005), a
psychologist, writer of books and of many articles, a
public speaker and a trainer on topics related to prenatal
education. In 1989 she founded the Hellenic
Association of Prenatal Education and she has been the
president since then. From 2007 to 2015 she was the
president of the World Organization of Prenatal
Education Associations, OMAEP.

Laura Uplinger is a proponent

and educator in the field of
conscious prenatal and
perinatal parenting. She
dedicates her life to disclosing
the relevance of imagination
during pregnancy, and travels
between Europe and the Americas as a featured

58
 Prenatal Psychology
speaker for the public at large, teenagers, pregnant
couples and birth professionals. In Brazil, she counsels
pregnant women from slums to mansions to high-risk
maternity wards. She served 12 years on the Board of
Directors of the Association for Prenatal & Perinatal
Psychology and Health (APPPAH) and is currently the
representative of the World Organization for Prenatal
Education (OMAEP) at the United Nations Economic
and Social Council (ECOSOC).

GLENNA BATSON, ScD, PT, MA.

Chapter 11: Human Origami: The
Embryo as a Folding Life Continuum

For four decades, Glenna has drawn

from multiple forms of movement expression as catalysts
for artistic growth, teaching, and health and wellness.
Devoted to a synthesis of the art and science of
movement, Glenna has been integrating dance,
movement science, and Somatics as educator,
practitioner, movement coach, and performer. Glenna
was an East-West Center grantee in ethnic dance at the
University of Hawaii (1970-72), and studied Bharata
Natyam with Krishna Rao and Chandrabhaga Devi in
Bangalore, India, and extensive studies in Javanese
classical dance at Mills College. She obtained her M.A.
in Dance Education from Columbia University Teachers
College (1978). In 1977, she was the first person to
apprentice with Irene Dowd in Ideokinesis, a mentorship
that spanned four years. Glenna is also an
internationally recognized teacher of the Alexander
Technique (certified, 1989), teaching in eight countries.

59
 Prenatal Psychology
She co-directed the Alexander Technique World
Congress in Limerick in 2015. She has served in many
capacities as a somatic educator and performing arts
coach, including at the North Carolina School of the Arts.
Faculty of the American Dance Festival for 29 years,
Glenna participated in the ADF Linkage project in
Venezuela (1996; 1998) and Ecuador (1994;1995). A
graduate of Hahnemann Medical University in Physical
Therapy, Glenna received her doctorate in clinical
neuroscience in 2006, and is professor emeritus of
physical therapy in the North Carolina State University
system after 23 years of teaching. She is a Fulbright
Senior Specialist with past residencies and fellowships
at Trinity-Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance,
London, 2009-2014, and Universities of Tallinn and
Tartu, Estonia, 2011). Glenna founded and directed The
Wise Cracks (2006-10), a performing collective for
women over 60. She is co-editor of the book (with
Amanda Williamson and Sarah Whatley), Dance,
Somatics and Spiritualities: An Anthology of
Contemporary Sacred Narratives, and author (with
contributions from Dr. Margaret Wilson) of Body and
Mind in Motion: Dance and Neuroscience in
Conversation, both by Intellect Press UK. Glenna
believes that dance connects people in fundamental and
profound ways – embodied, empathic, emergent. She
currently lives in Ireland.

http://glennabatson.com
www.humanorigami.com

60
 Prenatal Psychology
MARIA ATHANASEKOU
Chapter 12: Bonding with the unseen;
Symbolic nuances and the
iconography of the new life

Maria Athanasekou is an art historian.

She likes telling art stories, to share and communicate
through images.She completed a PhD in art history at
the National Technical University, an MA in Renaissance
Studies at the University of London, and a BA in
Archaeology and History of Art at the National University
of Athens. She has been teaching at the National
Technical University of Salonica and in the past, among
other institutions, the University of the Aegean and the
University of Western Macedonia, at public and private
institutions, as well as at the National Technical
University, the University of Athens etc. She has also
delivered papers in a number of international
conferences which have been published and has
contributed chapters to books).

ELIZABETHA LEVIN, Dr. Sc.

Chapter 13: Prenatal Period in Light
of the Effect of Celestial Twins (ECT)

Elizabetha was born and raised in

Kiev, in the former USSR, where I
spent the first two decades of my
life. My parents were high school physics teachers, and
it was obvious that I would follow them becoming a
professional physicist. At the age of 16 I was already the
youngest student at Kiev’s Polytechnic Institute studying
the physics of metals. In 1974 she repatriated to Israel,

61
 Prenatal Psychology
studied physics at the Technion (Israel Institute of
Technology) and holography at the Weizmann Institute
of Science. She earned her bachelor’s of arts in physics
in 1977; and then a master’s degree and a doctorate of
science in material sciences and engineering at the
Technion, where she also taught undergraduate
students.

From 1983 to 1991 she became a member of the Center

for the Study and Research of Modes of Consciousness
(Haifa), and in 1993 she made an observation of
meaningful interconnectedness between life-paths of
two historical personalities, which were born on the
same day of the same year. This accidental observation
led to a systematic study of such well-known "celestial
twins" and to the discovery of a new phenomenon – the
Effect of Celestial Twins (ECT), which demonstrates that
though each human being is unique, there is an
isomorphic matching between the biographical data of
celestial twins. Eventually, the ECT has been
successfully integrated into a new approach to the time-
studies in general.

Being herself a mother of four, her studies she has paid

a special attention to the mechanisms of formation of
human personality. In particular, one of the most
important messages of the ECT is the urgent need to
inform future parents that the quality of our sex-life and
our love pertains not only to "he" and "she," but rather is
prolonged in the life of our children. One of her dreams
is to make it clear that before making revolutions and
blaming the Universe for our suffering, people are invited
to learn how to conceive and deliver our children in love.

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 Prenatal Psychology
http://celestialtwins.wix.com/elizabetha-levin

RONALD COLE, MD
Chapter 14: Spiritual Aspects of
Birth and a Physician's
Evolvement

Ronald L Cole, MD, who was born

and raised in Jefferson City, Misouri began his career
with a Bachelor’s and Master’s degree in civil
engineering and employment in the petrochemical
industry in Texas. He, then, served as an officer in the
US Army. When his second son was born with spina
bifida, his earlier inner calling to medicine was rekindled.
He was president of the Houston Spina Bifida
Association and later was a co-founder of the Spina
Bifida Association of America.
In 1973, he followed his calling and attended University
of Missouri Medical School. He, then, did his internship
and residency in Houston, Texas, specializing in
Obstetrics and Gynecology. In 1981, he entered private
practice as a traditional OB/GYN in Baytown, Texas.
Because of an interest and study of spiritual truths, Dr
Cole realized birth and healing needed significant
improvement, thus, becoming an enlightened birth
advocate. He combined medical and spiritual principles
with the unlimited power of love to create the “Ultimate
Birth Experience”, including underwater birth in the
hospital.

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 Prenatal Psychology
Dr Cole has had numerous articles published in
newspapers, magazines, medical journals and has been
featured on radio and TV shows. He produced three
birth videos (vaginal, cesarean and water birth) and a
pregnancy and birth subliminal tape for the unborn/
newborn child. He has presented numerous talks to
groups and medical conferences including the
Association for Pre- and Perinatal Psychology and
Health. His published book “The Gentle Greeting”
outlines his enlightened and loving approach to
pregnancy and birth. He has just completed work on his
second book presenting “Universal Spiritual Laws and
their Healing Aspects”. His detailed research into our
Spiritual/ nonphysical (continuous) life experience helps
explain how we create and improve on physical
(temporary) life as we evolve.
Dr Cole has enjoyed many other life activities such as
sports, arts, SCUBA diving, motor cycle riding,
organizing an official world record skydive, operating a
recreational ranch, travel and other interests. He now
lives in Florida and is retired from the practice of
OB/GYN and is focusing on his spiritual writing.
email: rl.colemd@gmail.com

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APPENDIX 1
Some Historical Beginnings of Prebirth
Psychology

One of the first moments in the development of what

was to become Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology,
occurred in 1924 when Sandor Ferenzi looking at the
faces of some new-borns perceived a resistance to life
and a wish, he interpreted, to return to the peace and
happiness they had experienced in the wombs of their
mothers. Even this year, we discover a kind of
resistance to take responsibility for life described by
Ferenzi. While the happy womb and good mother
theories have since then been disproved, we must still
honor Ferenzi’s bravery at that time. After Ferenzi,
Analyst Gustav Hans Graber, pushed back the
consciousness curtain by advocating that children
experience prebirth and well as post birth memories.
Graber founded the International Study society in
Prenatal Psychology.
The foundation connecting trauma with birth was laid by
Otto Rank. Theoretical superstructure supporting Rank
was built by Sigmund Freud. And, Nandor Fodor topped

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off Rank’s trauma theory by describing the consecutive
stages of development theorized by Rank. Over a
quarter of a century ago, Dutch analyst, M. Lietaert
Peerbolte integrated a reposing consciousness before
conception theory and the accepted analytical approach.
His search questioned where consciousness comes
from and what we know. In the 1970s, the authors of this
paper pioneered in Whole-Self Prebirth Psychology
Memory Therapy.
In 1986, in Badgastein, Austria, through the vision of
Prof. Peter Fedor-Freybergh, Graber's ISPP was
transformed into the trans-disciplinary International
Society of Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology & Medicine.
In 1988 he Edited with MLV Vogel The Prenatal and
Perinatal Psychology and Medicine: Encounter with the
Unborn, After the ISPPM was birthed in Badgastein, Dr.
Thomas Verny in Toronto, Canada founded the Pre &
Perinatal Psychology Association of North America later
renamed the Association for Pre- & Perinatal
Psychology & Health, & made the first major step in
public awareness of babyhood with his book The Secret
Life of the Unborn Child. Dr. David Chamberlain
progressed this impact with his book Babies Remember
Birth.
The transmitter (mother) & the receiver (baby) must
be attuned to each other.
Through thousands of studies, early prenatal and
perinatal psychology theories about pregnancy and birth
have been proved or corrected. We must gratefully
acknowledge those pioneering theories conceived
during the last century. Now in the 21st Century Prebirth

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 Prenatal Psychology
and Birth Theory and Practice are advancing rapidly. At
the 13th ISPPM Congress held in Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
in June 2000, Prof. Grigori I. Brekhman of the Ivanovo
State Medical Academy, Russia Federation described
his research on "the conception of the multiple-level
coordinated action between the mother and her unborn
child". Brekhman described that the relationship
between her unborn child and mother exist on the
physical, mental, emotional and energetic levels.
Brekhman’s pioneering research confirmed Prof. Fedor-
Freybergh’s original hypothesis of nearly three decades
ago when he advocated the importance of the mother,
father, unborn child dialogue. Brekhman’s research also
validated what Whole-Self Psychology has been
teaching for 30 years.
Quoting Professor Brekhman:
“Nowadays a lot of data obtained has confirmed
the hypothesis that the psycho-emotional
interrelationship between the mother and her
unborn child is the reality... we (Brekhman) offered
to examine the mother-unborn child relationships
based on the idea of a permanently functioning
multiple-level polyphonic system. It has been
assumed that if mother is a multiple-system
embracing such levels as biological, energetical,
astral, mental, etc., to have intimate & fruitful
interplay between her and the unborn, he (the
unborn) must already possess the same levels
beginning with the zygote. Such a methodological
approach proved to be fruitful. The subdivision of
this system into the various levels is very relevant

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 Prenatal Psychology
since baby is able to live and develop
harmoniously only if all its components properly
interact”.
In this last sentence the word "only" is the operative
word. Prof. Brekhman states that if there is such a
process as a mother-unborn child dialogue – long
advocated by Prof. Fedor-Freybergh - there needs to
exist complementary resonant cohesive media systems
which can recognize each others messages. In its very
simplest terms, Whole-Self Psychology, Philosophy &
Education is confirming that just as each of us is the
synthesis of our parent’s genetic coding which gives us
our physical characteristics, there is also a synthesis of
the emotional/mental/energetic patterns of our parents
from the months of their pregnancy.

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 Prenatal Psychology

APPENDIX 2
The Main Prenatal Psychology
Pioneers

Otto Rank (Otto

Rosenfeld)
1884-1939 He was the 1st to speak about
The Trauma of Birth. He introduced “Will
Therapy”.

Sandor Ferenczi
1873-1933. He worked with Otto Rank. He
developed the theory of genitality. He was
the 1st to introduce the term psychotherapy
and he was the one who placed the client in the center
of all psychotherapeutic work founding client-centred,
relationship-based psychotherapy.

Nandor Fondor
1895-1964. He is the 1st to speak about the
impact of prenatal experience for the
development of consciousness. He
founded “Birth Therapy” and introduced simulations of
birth to release the prenatal/birth trauma. He also did a
lot of dreamwork to clear prenatal trauma.

Francis Mott
A student of Nandor Fondor. He spoke
about the “Umbilical Affect” to describe the
mother-embryo/ fetus dialogue through the
umbilical cord blood.

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 Prenatal Psychology
Pierre Janet
1859-1947. Although not a prenatal
pioneer, he was the 1st to speak about
dissociation and is considered to be the
one who described what was later called PTSD.
Carl Gustav Jung
1875-1961. Jung described
mother/father/child … archetype and
influenced the understanding of these
archetypes and its symbols in the analytical
work done within prenatal psychology as well.

Lietart Peerbolt, 1905-1982. He was the one

who spoke about the psychotherapeutic evaluation of
prenatal/birth trauma. He used dream work and he
explained the psychic energy in prenatal dynamics.

Gustav Hans Graber

1893-1982. He was a co-Founder of
ISPPM and he described the prenatal roots
of Individuation.

Wilhelm Reich
1897-1957. He was the founder of Body
Psychotherapy and described very well
Body Armoring.

David Boadella
Student of W. Reich, Boadella developed
Biosynthesis

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 Prenatal Psychology
Arthur Janov
1924-2017. He founded Primal Therapy
and kept developing it until his last days,
inspiring a lot of professionals in the field.

William Emerson
He is still working with newborns, babies
and adults using Primal Therapy
techniques to heal the prenatal or birth
trauma. Karlton Terry and Ray Castellino (BEBA clinic
and Infant Centered Family Work) have been inspired by
Emerson.
Bill Swartley
1927-1979. He pioneered Primal Integration in the mid
1970s, also founder of the Centers for the Whole
Person. In 1973, he was one of the founders of the
International Primal Association and he was its 1st
Executive Secretary.

John Rowan
Born in 1925. He practiced Primal Integration
also within the wider field of Primal Therapy and
along the principles of Transpersonal/
Humanistic Psychology.

Frederick Michael Farrar

He revisited the Primal Model and he developed his own
primal therapy based on his ideas of holon. Actually,
there are a number of Primal Therapists contributing
within the wider field of Primal Therapy, initially inspired
by Arthur Janov but not necessarily restriced to him, as
there were interesting contributions from many who
followed and are still developing.

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 Prenatal Psychology
Graham Farrant
1933-1993 He practiced Primal Therapy and he better
described Cellular Consciousness.

Leonard Orr & Sandra Ray

Leonard was the founder of Rebirthing, a
technique now in its 3rd phase of
development which brings birth memories
to surface to heal. Sandra was his closest associate.

Peter Fedor Freyberg

Professor Peter Freyberg began to form the
domain of the prenatal and perinatal
psychology and medicine in 1978. He
transformed Graber Birth Society into the International
Society of Prenatal & Perinatal Psychology & Medicine.
He holds an honorary ISPPM Life President. He founded
the peer-reviewed International Journal of Prenatal and
Perinatal Psychology and Medicine.

Stanislav Grof
He was one of the three pioneers who
experimented with LSD (the other 2 were
Frank Lake and A. Kafkalides) and he
studied the Pre & Perinatal Matrices. Later, he used
Holotropic Breathwork which he is still developing.

Frank Lake
1914-1982. He researched the abreactive
qualities of LSD and he witnessed frequent
abreactions of birth trauma in his clients
and this became central in his work. Among other things,
he described the Mother-Fetus Distress Syndrome.

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 Prenatal Psychology

Athanassios Kafkalides
1919-1989. The Greek Neuropsychiatrist
was also involved in researching the
abreactive qualities of LSD and he
developed Autopsychognosia as a result of his
experience listening to the gestation and birth trauma
narratives of his clients.

Lloyd DeMause
Born in 1931, Lloyd was a social thinker
who founded Psychohistory, the science of
historical motivations, which combines the
insights of prenatal psychotherapy with the research
methodology of the social sciences to understand the
emotional origin of the social and political behavior of
groups and nations, past and present.

Ludwig Janus
Born in 1939, he explores psychohistory,
bonding analysis and prenatal
psychotherapy. He has authored many books on
Prenatal Psychology. He has been the ISPPM President
for many years, still an active contributor.

David Chamberlain
Co-founder of APPPAH, David used
hypnotherapy from 1974 to his death in
2014 to resolve womb and birth traumas in
his clients and he has written and
advocated extensively about the powers of the newborn
brain and his primal memories. His wife Donna

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 Prenatal Psychology
continues to be an active contributor to prenatal
psychology.

John C. Sonne jr
He was the Professor in clinical psychiatry who offered a
voice to the abortion survivors and using the resources
of Prenatal Psychology, he outlines the linkage between
parental abortion thoughts and the behavior of
adolescents later on in life. He passed away in 2013.

Györgi Hidas
1925-2012. The Hungarian psychoanalyst
explored the impact of the prenatal life later
in life. Inspired by Sandor Ferenczi’s work,
he and his student, Jeno Raffai, founded and developed
Bonding Analysis.

Joseph Chilton Pearce

1926-2016. Joseph was one of the most
inspired scholars who spoke about the
importance of child-parent bonding and saw that modern
clinical childbirth and lack of breast feeding as
obstructions to that bonding.

Grigori I. Brekhman
Professor G. Brekhman has formulated the
Wave Theory that explains the
communication between Mother and the
Unborn. Still developing and contributing in the field of
Obstetrics and Prenatal Psychology.

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 Prenatal Psychology
Thomas Verny
Born in 1936, Thomas Verny is a
psychiatrist, writer, academic and founder
of the Pre-and Perinatal Psychology
association of North America (PPPANA, renamed
APPPAH in 1995). His books revolutionized the world of
Prenatal Psychology. A very active contributor today as
well.

Jon RG & Troya GN Turner

Jon, born in 1934 and Troya, born in 1948,
have founded Whole-Self Prenatal
Psychology and formulated the Prebirth
Analysis Matrix that links our prenatal experience with
our quality of life, our relationships and our health after
being born.

Gabriela Arigoni Ferrari

Gabriella has done a lot of excellent
research among pregnant couples and
showed –using ultrasound- the dialogue
between the parents and the unborn. She has been the
President of ANEP, Italia for many years.

Rupert Linder
Rupert has been the 1st obstetrician who
became president of ISPPM and practically
supported the gained knowledge within the
field of prenatal psychology

Michel Odent
Born in 1930, Michel Odent has been
serving the birth scene for more than 40 years. He was
the 1st to revolutionize the birthing environment, the 1st to

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 Prenatal Psychology
speak about the role of oxytocin and melatonin in
birthing and the one who created the primal health
research inventory to facillitate the interdisciplinary
understanding of conception, gestation, birth and 1st year
of life for our quality of life.

Barbara Findeisen
She has been past president of APPPAH,
founder of the Pocket Sanctuary
Foundation, the STAR Process and an
inspired contributor to health and world peace.

Sandra Bardsley
Sandra has got almost five decades of
inspirational service in the field of maternal-
child health. She is the most recent Past
President of APPPAH

Marti Glenn
Dr Marti Glenn is founding President of
Santa Barbara Graduate Institute, the 1st
educational establishment with degrees in
prenatal/perinatal, somatic, and clinical psychology. Still
lecturing, teaching and contributing to Prenatal
Psychology.

Olga Gouni
Olga has created the Primordial Health
Advancement Program “WELCOME” to
work with Pregnant couples with a focus on
the (un)born baby, founded cosmoanelixis offering the
full academic professional education and specialization
in Prenatal Psychology and Whole-Self Prenatal

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 Prenatal Psychology
Psychology online & onsite and the International Journal
of Prenatal & Life Sciences. Her efforts are to synthesize
and organize the gained knowledge within the field of
Prenatal Psychology.

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 Prenatal Psychology

More Contributors
There are numerous other contributors during the 100
years to now. Among them, we just mention, in
alphabetical order:

Akegawa Akira Heiner Alberti O'Leary Joann M.

Alffirevic Z. Highsmith Susan Orosz Katalin
Andrek Andrea Hildebrandt Sven Pal Maria
Arms Suzanne (past president of Parke R.D.
Axness Marcy ISPPM) Peters Deborah
Bacz Andrej Hochauf Renate Parvati-Baker
Balaskas Janet Hollweg Wolfgang Jeannine
Batson Glenna Holmes Helen Penner Joy
Barajon Isabelle Horann Elizabeth Peterson Gayle
Beattie Lilian House Simon Piontelli Alessandra
Bender Helen House Patrick Plothe Christof
Behrmann Irene Hulst Teresa Prescott Jim
Bea van den Bergh Ibuka Masaru Raphael-Leff Joan
Biljan M. Ingalls Paula Reiter Alfons
Blake Lucas Jakel Barbara Renggli Franz
Winafred Janjatovic-Pugliese Reron Alfred
Blazy Helga Smilja Reutter Dorothea
Blum Thomas Jernberg Ann Rhodes Jean
Bodec Peter Johann Frits Rice Ruth
Bowlby Richard & Jurkovic D. Ridgway Roy
John Kafkalides Royal Phillips
Bosner Sauci Konstantinos Sacks H.
Bott Wolfgang Kafkalides Zephyros Sahlberg Oscar
Boulvain M. Kappeli Klaus Salk Linus
Bowen Eve Katabekir Nese Sansone Antonella
Brazelton T.B. Kennell John Savage Wendy
Bronner Kola Kitzinger Sheela Schacht Johanna
Buchal Bianca Klaus Marshall & Schilder Sepp
Buckley Sara Phyllis Scholz Christine
Campin Michael Klawitter Uta Schroth Gerhard
De Carr van Kristen Klein Karin Schues Christina
& Rene Klimek Rudolf Schulte-Steinicke
Castillo Patricia Klipper-Heidekruger Barbara
Chamberlain Donna M. Scichida Makoto
Chambers Bronwyn Koester-Sanford Serr David
Cheek David Lynne Shalev J.
Childs Gowell Elaine Kornas-Biela Dorota Shusser Gerhard

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 Prenatal Psychology
Cole Ronald Kohler Claudia Sheridan Mary
Collier Sandra Kost Ursula Shichido Makoto
Colter Marvin Kurjak Asim Slunecko Thomas
Crawford Michael Kotiga Alin Smulders Betrijs
Crouch Sheila Krymko-Bleton Irene Soldera Gino
Crisan Horia Laboyer Frederick Sorger Leo
Datta Bhalti Laibow Rima Sovilj Mirjana
Dansby Binnie Landi N. Stephans-Auhagen
Davenport Mary Lang R.D. Ute
Diebel Hildegard Laverge Flore Staude John-
Dietrichts Paula Larrimore Terry Raphael
(current president of Laughlin Charles Stromerova Zuzana
ISPPM) Lehrer Marc Strack Hanna
Djalali Mehdi Liedloff Jean Thom Solihin
Dorner Gunter Linderkamp Otwin Thurman Leon
Dowling Terence Lipton Bruce Tlach Anne
Eckert Amara Logan Brent Tomatis Alfred
Eller Mattias Lubetzky Ofra Trout Michael
Endres Manfred Luminare-Rosen Tyrano S.
English Jane Carist UplingerLaura
Eshleman Lark Lupke Hans (Hans Varga Kata
Evertz Klaus von Lupke) Verdult Rien
Flores R. Lyman Bobbi Jo Villalobos M.
Freud Anne & Mane R. Vogel M.L.Vanessa
W.Ernest Mashiach S. Wal,van der Jaap
Funduk-Kurjak B. Mari Ioanna (Jaap van der Wal)
Gardini Simona Markfort Eva-Maria Wallbruch Gisela
Garland Kelduyn Mauger Benig Westermann Sigrid
Gaskin Ina May Mayer-Lewis Brigit Weller Sabine
Geisel Elisabeth Mazzochi Scarzella Wesel Serge
Gerland Julie Elda Wetzel Elizabeth M.
Gidoni Anna E. McCarty Wendy Winnicott D.W.
Golanska Zelislawa Anne Whitwell Giselle
Goode Caron McRae J. Wlodzimierz
Gordon Yehundi Mendizza Michael Borkowski
Gupta Derek Montegue A. Zabner L.
Hahlein Kirstin Monteerastelli Zachau-Christiansen
Hakansson Tore Christina B.
Harper Barbara Musaph Herman Zeledon Aquilar Maro
Hayton A. Muylder Xavier T.
Nathanielsz P. Zichella Lucio
Newman Robert …
Nickel Horst
Nichold Cindy

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 Prenatal Psychology
Noble Elizabeth

There are thousands of Prenatal Psychology torch

bearers all over synergizing and making precious
contributions to the field. We apologize to all those
beautiful minds and hearts we have missed to spot and
include in this short list. Their light is well appreciated.
We would also like to thank all these young
professionals who study with the more experienced ones
and all those Academics who dare to explore the primal
territory.
Your gifts are welcome and
highly appreciated!

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 Prenatal Psychology

About cosmoanelixis
The Faculty of Prenatal & life
Sciences has been created in order
to organize, synthesize and deliver high
quality academic and professional
knowledge to those interested. It has been
created as an answer to the
global need for optimum education in a
field that has been explored for over 100
years now in the modern times. So far, there
have been and are short courses usually in
the form of seminars, work- shops,
individual modules etc and/or incorporated
in other curricula. All these forms have
contributed a lot to the development of the
prenatal and life sciences as a whole, the
development of philosophies, values,
principles etc and they have offered the
opportunity to many professionals to
dedicate a little more energy in an emerging
world, that of prenatal sciences.

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 Prenatal Psychology
Cosmoanelixis has undertaken this role to
synthesize all pioneer knowledge in Prenatal
Sciences, especially Prenatal Psychology,
organize it in a scientific way so that the
quality is high and deliver it to all interested.

cosmoanelixis Mission
Points

MISSION 1:
To organize and synthesize all knowledge
gained so far in the modern times from early
1920s to now in a whole,
and create educational programs both on
the Undergraduate and Post graduate level
as well as Life-Long Learning so that
professionals already interested and those
in the future can benefit.
We express herewith all our gratitude to all
pioneers, individual researchers, passionate
professionals and dedicated study groups
for all the excellent work they have done so
that we can do this endeavor today.
MISSION 2:
To Inspire and Lead our Students so that
they Become Evolutionaries!

MISSION 3:
To contribute to the wellbeing of our
world, womb the peace and add
meaning to our everyday choices, through
Salutogenic, based on Complex Theory and

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 Prenatal Psychology
within the spirit of adding value to the
community research projects.

MISSION 4:
To Connect Community with the Academic
Expertise.

Join Our Community!

www.cosmoanelixis.gr
email: info@cosmoanelixis.gr

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 Prenatal Psychology

ABOUT THE
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
OF PRENATAL AND LIFE
SCIENCES

The International Journal of Prenatal & Life Sciences

is an Academic, open-access, double-blind, peer-
reviewed, International, Online Journal publishing
authentic papers to disseminate new knowledge and
research findings in the field of Prenatal and Life
Sciences. Apart from research studies, it welcomes
reviews, critiques of studies and findings, case reports,
summaries and opinions after due peer review, as well
as book/film reviews.
Authors come from the Academic, Research and
Professional Communities (e.g. health and research
scientists, lecturers, practitioners etc) interested mainly
in –but not restricted to- the fields of Prenatal
Psychology (the journal’s niche), Embryology,
Biomechanics, Health, Midwifery, Salutogenesis,
Ecology, Genetics, Complexity, Anthropology,
Sociology, Ethics, Philosophy.
All original research articles we publish are made freely

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 Prenatal Psychology
accessible online immediately upon publication.
Language: English, Greek.

www.journalprenatalife.com
contact: editor@cosmoanelixis.gr, info@cosmoanelixis.gr

The new formula in physics

describes humans as
paradoxical beings
who have two complementary aspects:
They can show properties
of Newtonian objects and also
infinite fields of consciousness.

Stanislav Grof

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Prenatal Psychology

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