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Smart Controller for Home appliances

Term Paper

Vinod Gupta School of Management


IIT Kharagpur

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the Management Information System s (BM61014) Course at the
Vinod Gupta School of Management, IIT Kharagpur.

Submitted to: Submitted by:


Prof. Prithwis Mukerjee Sourabh Mittal
10BM60088
Proposal for Smart Controlle r for Home Appliances

Contents

1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................3
1.1. Need assessment ................................................................................................................3
2. Methodology Used for Home automation ......................................................................................4
2.1. OSGi servic e platform based smart home control: ..................................................................4
2.2. Active Sensor Network Architecture ......................................................................................4
2.3. BuLogics Smart Grid Home Controller ...................................................................................5
3. Cont rol and automation nets used by existing smart home network Transmission ...........................6
3.1. ZigBee technology ...............................................................................................................6
3.2. Powerline Carrier Systems (PCS): ........................................................................................7
3.3. X10 Protocols: .....................................................................................................................7
3.4. Z-wave ................................................................................................................................8
4. Existing practices.......................................................................................................................9
5. Expected market potential - indicate the basis: ............................................................................9
6. Future implications of Smart controller to various industry fields ..................................................11
7. Implication of Smart Home on Environment ................................................................................11
8. Referenc es:..............................................................................................................................13
Proposal for Smart Controlle r for Home Appliances

1. Introduction

The logic behind the Smart Homes helps in the planning of future housing-based models as ‗sustainable‘
city or residential area. Home automation means links bet ween the products within the homes to services
and systems outside t he home. It is a concept that builds a sophisticated control on appliances of a
house. All the electrical, electronic and electro-mechanical devices like lights, fans, ACs, computers,
refrigerators, doors, windows etc. can be controlled remotely and securely without any hazards. It is a
creation of smart environment where a physical world that is interconnected through a continuous
network plentifully and intangibly with sensors, actuators and computational units, embedded seamlessly
in the objects of our everyday lives. A smart home is one in which a mix of computing and information
technology can be utilized to enhance the life every day . Potential applications for smart homes can be
found in these categories: welfare, entert ainment, environment, safety, communication, irrigation and
appliances.

1.1. Need assessment

Individuals who are physically handicapped and


older can be benefited from the Artificial
Intelligence Home Automation System. These
systems provide them the opportunity to live free as
they need not to be depending on their family on
tiny matter. Technology advancement in Artificial
Intelligence and implementation of smart home
technologies are the simple ways to improve the
lives of many individuals.

Cont rol over various electronic gadgets provides


safety and energy management to our regular life.
It also helps in cont rolling the energy consumption
in large buildings and improves the efficiency of the Graph 1: Energy consumption by
electrical appliances. This type of product can be used in different segment
Multi-storeyed commercial buildings like hotels, stadiums, mall, and auditorium etc where chances of
forgetting to switch off the lights and ACs are high which lead to the wastage of energy consumption.
E ven these smart controls can also help in reducing the electricity bills for domestic purposes and usage
of sophisticated s witches can be avoided. Energy consumption is increasing on a steady phase in
accordance of the population inc rease so Smart Control can help in creating energy efficient buildings.
Proposal for Smart Controlle r for Home Appliances

2. Methodology Used for Home automation

Home automation (also called domotics) provides us aut omation of home appliances and features in
residential buildings. This automation was very difficult few decades back but now it can bring revolution
with its different form. There are several methods to design smart hom e control systems.

2.1. OSGi service platform based smart home control:

(Papadopoulos, N., Meliones, A., Economou, D., Karras, I.,and


Liverezas, I., (2010) ―A Connected Home Plat form and
Development Framework for Smart Home Control Applications‖)

Fig: Connected Home


Development Frame work
This connected home platform (CHP) integrates a set of Java tools and components that enable an
OSGI-literate engineer to quickly design develop and deploy new home services utilizing the provided
OSGi service plat form and widely adopted automation technologies. The Home Controller is used to have
connectivity with home devices of various home control technologies. The Service Plat form embeds the
use of OS Gi technology in the Home Controller, ensuring interoperability with home devices and an easy
way to integrat e new home services. The base OSGi platform is extended by a set of OS Gi net work
subsystems integrating various automation technologies supported by the home cont roller. The different
network subsystems are interfaced in a common way through the Network Adaptation Layer, known as
ROCob. This layer adapts any net work subsystem supported by the Service Platform, providing unified
interfaces for devices from different networks, adding any specific support required for each type of
devic e. The main Connected Home functionality is actually offered by using the ROCob API. Following
the ROCob AP I Specification, a developer may build various applications, such as presentation layer
applications (e. g. a web based UI) monitoring applications that collect data and send t hem to a backbone
server and other home cont rol applications.

2.2. Acti ve Sensor Network Archi tecture

This method address the active sens or network archit ecture


utilized in the home control system. Active sensor network has
i
number of smart nodes (i.e., sensors and actuators). They
perform several tasks like gathering information about physical
Proposal for Smart Controlle r for Home Appliances

home environment and controlling various home devices. These two types of smart nodes have the
computation and Radio frequency communic ation abilities t o establish wireless networks automatically.
Interaction Component and new routing prot ocol interact with our c ontrol home system and automatically
establish net works. Automated action is initiated through the smart actuat ors connected to common
household applianc es. For example, an owner with RFID access cards can assign domestic appliances
such as equipment light bulbs or air-conditioner on automatic mode that will automatically be shut down
by the Smart Home once the owner leaves the home. Likewise, such services can be restarted when the
owner returns. If the user owns a mobile phone that has an embedded GPS system he could simply
attach the phone to the Bridge, that way a number of actions could be executed once the p hone leaves
the surrounding area of the property.

2.3. BuLogics Smart Grid Home Controller

BuLogics‘ recently introduced Smart Grid-capable home


controller which is a natural advanc ement of their home automation
business and has been involved wit h the wireless control systems
(most notably Z-Wave) for six years. According to BuLogics, the
system will be able to communicate directly with smart grid via radio
module to receive pricing, load control and demand response events. It also provides a home energy
monitor function via a Graphical user interface that can be accessed either over a home network or over
the WAN. Since it‘s not clear which wireless protocol(s) will be adopted by utilities and Smart Meter
manufacturers, the B uLogics unit has provisions to accept snap-in radio modules based on the U-
SNAP (Utility Smart Network Access Port) standard. This will allow it to support FlexNet, ZigB ee/802.15,
or any ot her wireless protocol a utility chooses to us for its smart meter interface.
BuLogics estimates that their controller help homeowners saving 15%-20% on their energy bills using
power and heating fuel only where and when it‘s really necessary .
Proposal for Smart Controlle r for Home Appliances

ii

Work ing of Smart Grid Home cont roller

3. Control and automation nets used by existing smart home network Transmi ssion

3.1. ZigBee technology

ZigBee t echnology is reliable wireless data t ransmission net work, from the standard communication
distance of 75 meters to the infinite expa nsion. E very data transmitted through ZigBee net work can
communicate among them, so that other room‘s device and display can be controlled easily by people in
any room. ZigBee Net work Self organization approach help each ZigB ee module terminal in the net work
communication module to find eac h other automatically and quickly so that they develop into a
interoperability of ZigBee net works, if the relative position of the net work module terminal change, then
modules can search through the re-targeted communications to determine t he contact of eac h other, and
then refresh the existing network. So, the ZigB ee technology is an arrangement of self-organizing
dynamic routing mesh topology, even if the pat h is disturbed or too busy for making timely delivery, it can
solve this problem automatically and thus ens ures reliable data transmission.
Proposal for Smart Controlle r for Home Appliances

ZigBee network topology.

3.2. Powerline Carrier System s (P CS):

Powerline Carrier Systems is a technology which can send coded signals on an existing electric wiring to
programmable switches. These signals express guidelines that communicate location of specific devices
in home and also control the operation of thes e devices (like how and when). This P CS works as a
transmitter and send coded signal to the receiver attached to any electric outlet in coded form along the
electric cable, then receiver control the operation of the device attached to t he electric outlet according to
the send signal.

“Web Mount ain Technologies (W MT) is one of a new breed of manufacturers in the Home Technology
market that is building products based upon TCP/IP net working. Web Mountain‘s intelligent whole -house
server (NetPlace) offers the unique capability of acting as an int elligent Power Line Carrier (PLC)
controller – providing features such as time-of-day control, triggered control and ―if-then-else‖ logic, all
from a ―point-and-click‖ web brows er interface. This Linux-based controller is highly reliable, full-featured
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and very affordable.‖

3.3. X10 Protocol s:

―X10 is an international and open industry standard for communication among electronic devices used for
home automation‖. This is a general practice for P owerline Communication system (PCS), a signaling
technique to control any electrical or electronic device in the Powerline r emotely. X10 signals are short
radio frequency (RF) bursts that enable communication bet ween transmitters and receivers. The X10
system was chosen over others primarily consists of a number of individual nodes that receive t he signals
transmitted by the controller. The X10 transmissions are synchronized to the zero crossing point of the
Proposal for Smart Controlle r for Home Appliances

AC power line. E very node has a zero crossing detector that is used t o detect signals transmitted by the
controller. The receivers look for the signal within 0.6 microseconds of the zero crossing point.

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X10 transmission code

The controller transmits signals to the nodes using existing electrical wiring and initiates communication
by sending a start packet followed by the house code and the device code. This initiation signal is
followed by a command signal that is used to control the specified node.

By installing a series of nodes any home can be automated t o a reasonable degree. The installation
would only require setting a house and device code on a node and attaching the X10 node between a
devic e and the wall outlet.

3.4. Z-wave

Z-Wave is a proprietary wireless communications protocol designed for home automation. It is used
specifically to control appliances in residential and light commercial area remotely. This technology uses
a low-power RF radio embedded or retrofitted int o home electronics devices and systems, such as
lighting, home access control, entertainment systems and household appliances. ―The Z-Wave Alliance is
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an international consortium of manufacturers that provide interoperable Z-Wave enabled devices ‖. Z-
Wave is a low-power wireless technology designed specifically for remote control applications. Unlike Wi-
Fi and other IEEE 802.11-based wireless LAN systems that are designed primarily for high-bandwidth
data flow, the Z-Wave RF system operates in the sub Gigahertz frequency range and is optimized for low-
overhead commands such as on-off (as in a light switch or an appliance) and raise-lower (as in a
thermostat or volume control), with the ability to include device metadata in the communications.
Proposal for Smart Controlle r for Home Appliances

4. Existing practice s

Future architectural planning of a building is expected to be influenc ed by the concept of smart home or
green building design. Many research groups are working with this domain, such as MIT, Cisco, Siemens,
Xerox, IBM, Microsoft etc. In these groups, nearly 20 home labs have been set. In these home labs, more
than 30 appliances are used, over 5 network protocols are produced, and more than 3 Artificial
Intelligence techniques have been used. Lot of research have bet carried out on smart home networks,
gateways, smart home appliances, typical research projects, and research challenges. In September
2003, Housing Learning & Improvement Net work published a smart home definition offered by Intertek,
which has carried out the project named DTI Smart Homes Project. In Intertek view, a smart home is ―a
dwelling incorporating a communications net work that connects the key electrical appliances and
services, and allows them to be remotely controlled, monitore d or accessed‗‗, remotely means within the
dwelling and from outside the dwelling. A smart home should contain three elements, which are internal
network, intelligent control and home automation. The basis of a smart home is internal Network, and it
can be wire, cable and wireless. Intelligent control means gateways to manage the systems.

5. Expected market potential - indicate the basi s:

In 2004 the National Association of Home Builders conducted a survey and found the top ten
technologies that home buyers were after. When it came to home automation 45% wanted
structured wiring. Structured wiring plac es electrical, audio and video and data lines of a home on
the same net work. Home owners also want greater control of their security, energy, lighting and
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVA C) system.
Proposal for Smart Controlle r for Home Appliances

Top 10 Home Technology Features Home Buyers Want

At the moment structured wiring and other home automation tec hnologies are restricted to new
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homes. This is with the exception of those that use powerline, and even these are limiting.

Nort h America to See Nearly 1.1 Million Managed Home Automation Systems Shipped in 2012 .
In North America, which repres ents the major share of the global market for managed home
automation, more than one million systems are expected to be installed in 2012. That figure —
which represents a tripling of the 2008 market – is forecast to nearly double again in 2014. One
significant element of managed home automation packages is security. Traditional security
service alarm service providers as well as cable broadband service providers are now entering
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the market for managed home monitoring and automation services.

Global Annual Home Automation System Shipment by Type, World Market, Forecast: 2008-2014

Revenue from shipments of home automation systems will exceed $11. 8 billion in 2015,
according to a new study releas ed by ABI Research. That number includes all four categories of
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home automation: Luxury, Mainstream, DIY and Managed.
Proposal for Smart Controlle r for Home Appliances

6. Future implications of Smart controller to various industry fields:

Electronics Industry: There would be high growth in the revenue of the electronics industry with
competition among t hem. Revenue would come from the sales of smart controller as energy
management has become burning issue these days and every developed and developing count ry
would start taking initiative in developing green building with energy management system or
sustainable city for which they would require to install the hardware of Smart controller.

Telecommunication industry: As devices can be controlled remotely from the control device or
mobile phones so boost in the sales of smart controller will also boost up the sales of required
devic es.

Agriculture field: productivity in the agriculture can be inc reased wit h the us e of Smart irrigation
Cont roller. There are many players in t his field who provide this technology like E T water. These
controllers help in saving irrigation cost by their sprinkling mec hanism according to the change in
environment. These controllers would also help in over watering and under watering and increase the
plant life. They will have the ability to stop the irrigation through sprinkler automatically during rain.

Construction industry: Their business will inc rease in future as they will require constructing Smart
home, Smart Building or smart Commercial building keeping in mind the demand of energy
management. It will give a variety of the project to the industry like developing green building or
Sustainable city.

Defense Sector: Various things can be controlled wit h the help of Smart Controller like tanks and
activation of Rdx and positioning of satellites according to the requirement. Smart control can also be
used to ensure efficient performance of engine of fighter plane under worst condition during war like
severe or gradual damage and it would also help in auto piloting the plane if pilot is hurt.
Proposal for Smart Controlle r for Home Appliances

Implication of Smart controller to various industry sector

7. Implication of Smart Home on Environment:

Global warming is the m ajor cause behind accepting sustainable solutions and this would one of the
reasons why we should tak e smart decision in choosing Smart Home. As electricity consumption play
a role in the emission of Green house gas like Carbon -di-Oxide. If smart control appliances will be
used then it can help in efficient utilization of electrical and electronic appliances which would save
electricity consumption as well as electricity bill. The reduction in electricity consumption will reduce
the emission of CO2 and that would lead to the sustainable solution for home.
Proposal for Smart Controlle r for Home Appliances

8. References:

Journal Papers:
1. Park SH, Won SH, Lee JB, Kim SW (2003) Smart home -digitally engineered domestic life. Pers
Ubiquitous Comput 7(3–4):189–196

2. Yuksekkaya, B.; Kayalar, A.A.; Tosun, M.B.; Ozcan, M. K.; Alkar, A.Z., "A GSM, int ernet and
speech controlled wireless interactive home automation system," Consumer Electronics, IEEE
Trans actions on , vol.52, no.3, pp.837-843, Aug. 2006

3. Li Jiang; Da-You Liu; Bo Yang, "Smart home researc h," Machine Learning and Cybernetics,
2004. Proceedings of 2004 International Conference on , vol.2, no., pp. 659-663 vol.2, 26-29 Aug.
2004

4. Taylor A, Swan L (2005) Artful systems in the home. In: Proc eedings of the SIGCHI conference
on human factors in computing systems, pp 641–650

5. Graves Pet ersen M, Grønbæk K (2004) Domestic hypermedia: mixed media in the home. In:
Proceedings of HT‘04. ACM, New York, pp 108–109
6. Papadopoulos, N., Meliones, A., Economou, D., Karras, I., and Liverezas, I., (2009) ―Connected
Home Platform and Development Framework for Smart Home Control Applications‖

Website
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http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Home_A utomation// Smart Home Appliances for Better Quality of Life:
Artificial Intelligence in Home Automation Systems for the Elderly
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Proposal for Smart Controlle r for Home Appliances

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http://www.bulog ics.com/smartgrid.ht ml
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North+A merica+to+See+Nearly +1.1+Million+Managed+Ho me+Automation+Systems+Sh ipped+in+2012
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http://www.ab iresearch.com/press/3401-
Ho me+Automat ion+Systems+Revenue+to+Approach+$1 2+Billion+Worldwide+in+2015

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