Torsión Timothy26-41

6.
26 A torque of T A = 525 lb-ft is applied to gear A

gear A
of the gear train shown in Fig. P6.26. The bearings
shown allow the shafts to rotate freely.
(a) Determine the torque T D required for equilibrium
of the system.
(b) Assume shafts (1) and (2) are solid 1.5-in.-
diameter steel shafts. Determine the magnitude o
the maximum shear stresses acting in each shaft.
(c) Assume shafts (1) and (2) are solid steel shafts,
which have an allowable shear stress of 12,000 psi.
Determine
Determine the minimum
minimum diameter
diameter required for each
shaft.
Fig. P6.26
Solution
(a) Torque T D required for equilibrium:
10 in. 10 in.
T D = T A = (525 lb-ft) = 875 lb-ft
6 in. 6 in.
(b) Shear stress magnitudes if shafts are solid 1.5-in.-diameter:

π 4 π
I p = D = (1.5 in.)4 = 0.497010 inin.4
32 32
TR (525 lb-ft)(1.5 in./2)(12 in./ft)
τ 1 = 1 1 = = 9,50
,506.85 ps
psi = 9,510
,510 ps
psi Ans.
I p1 0.497010 in.4
T2 R2 (875 lb-ft)(1.5 in./2)(12 in./ft)
τ 2 = = = 15,844.
,844.7
75 ps
psi = 15,840
,840 ps
psi Ans.
I p 2 0.497010 in.4
(c) Determine minimum diameters: The elastic torsion

torsion formula can be rearranged and rewritten in
in
terms of the unknown diameter D
diameter D::
π 4
TR I p 32 D π 3 T
τ = ∴ = = D =
I p R D/2 16 τ
Using this expression, solve for the minimum acceptable diameter of each shaft:
16 T 1 16(525 lb-ft)(12 in./ft)
D13 ≥ = = 2.673803 in.
3
π τ allow π (12,000 psi)

∴ D1 ≥ 1.38
.387958 in. = 1.388 in. Ans.
16 T 2 16(875 lb-ft)(12 in./ft)

D23 ≥ = = 4.456338 in.3
∴ D2 ≥ 1.6
1.645607
607 in.
in. = 1.64
.646 in
in. Ans.
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6.27 A torque of T D = 1,200 N-m is applied to gear

D of
D of the gear train shown in Fig. P6.27. The bearings
shown allow the shafts to rotate freely.
(a) Determine the torque T A required for equilibrium
of the system.
(b) Assume shafts (1) and (2) are solid 30-mm-
diameter steel shafts. Determine the magnitude o
the maximum shear stresses acting in each shaft.
(c) Assume shafts (1) and (2) are solid steel shafts,
which have an allowable shear stress of 60 MPa.
Determine the minimum diameter required for each
shaft.
Fig. P6.27
Solution
(a) Torque T A required for equilibrium:
150 mm 150 mm
T A = T D = (1, 200 N-m) = 782.609 N-m
230 mm 230 mm
(b) Shear stress magnitudes if shafts are solid 30-mm-diameter:

π 4 π
I p = D = mm)4 = 79,52
(30 mm mm4
,521.564 mm
32 32
TR (782.609 N-m)(30
N-m)(30 mm/2)(1,000 mm/m)
τ 1 = 1 1 = = 147.622 MP
MPa = 147.6 MP
MPa Ans.
I p1 79,521.564 mm4
T2 R2 (1, 200 N-m)(30 mm/2)(1,000
mm/2)(1,00 0 mm/m)
τ 2 = = = 226.354 MPa = 226 MP
MPa Ans.
I p 2 79,521.564 mm4
(c) Determine minimum diameters: The elastic torsion

in
diameter D::
π 4
I D
TR p 32 π 3 T
τ = ∴ = = D =
I p R D/2 16 τ
16 T 1 16(782.609 N-N-m)(1,000 mm/m)
D13 ≥ = 2
= 66,429.915 mm
3
π τ allow π (60
(60 N/
N/mm )
∴ D1 ≥ 40.500 mm
mm = 40.5 mm Ans.
16 T 2 16(1, 20
200 N-m)(1,000 mm/m)
D23 ≥ = 2
= 101,859.164 mm3
π τ allow π (60 N/
N/mm )
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6.28 The gear train system shown in Fig. P6.28

includes shafts (1) and (2), which are solid 1.375-in.-
diameter steel shafts. The allowable shear stress o
each shaft is 5,000 psi. The bearings shown allow
the shafts to rotate freely. Determine the maximum
torque T D that can be applied to the system without
exceeding the allowable shear stress in either shaft.
Fig. P6.28
Solution
Section properties:
π 4 π
I p1 = D = (1.375 in.)4 = 350922 in.4
0.350 = I p 2
32 32
Maximum torque in either shaft:

τ allow I p1 (5,
(5, 000 psi)(
psi)(0.350922 in.4 )
0.350922
T max = = = 2,552.16 lb-in.
R1 1.375 in./2
Torque relationship:
T1 T 2 8 in.
= or T1 = T2 = 1.60 T2 ∴ T1 control s
8 in. 5 in. 5 in.
The torque in shaft (1) controls; therefore, T 1 = 2,552.16 lb-in. Consequently, the maximum torque in
shaft (2) must be limited to:
5 in.
T2 = T 1 = 0.62
0.625(
5(2,55
2,552.
2.16
16 lb-
lb-in.)
in.) = 1,595.1
,595.10
0 lb-
lb-in
in.. = 132.
132.9
9 lb-
lb-fft Ans.
8 in.
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6.29 The gear train system shown in Fig. P6.29

includes shafts (1) and (2), which are solid 20-mm-
diameter steel shafts. The allowable shear stress o
each shaft is 30 MPa. The bearings shown allow the
shafts to rotate freely. Determine the maximum
torque T D that can be applied to the system without
exceeding the allowable shear stress in either shaft.
Fig. P6.29
Solution
Section properties:
π 4 π
I p1 = D = mm)4
(20 mm = 15,70
,707.963 mm4
mm = I p 2
32 32
Maximum torque in either shaft:

τ allow I p1 (30 N/mm2 )(15,
(30 N/mm (15,70
707.
7.96
963 mm4 )
3 mm
T max = = = 47,123.890 N-mm
R1 20 mm/2
T1 T 2 200 mm
= or T1 = T2 = 2.50 T2 ∴ T1 controls
200 mm 80 mm 80 mm
The torque in shaft (1) controls; therefore, T 1 = 47,123.890 N-mm. Consequently, the maximum
maximum torque
in shaft (2) must be limited to:
80 mm
T2 = T 1 = 0.4(
0.4(47
47,1
,123
23.8
.890
90 N-m
N-mm) = 18,84
18,849.
9.55
556
6 N-m
N-mm = 18.8
18.85
5 N-m Ans.
200 mm
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6.30 In the gear system shown in Fig. P6.30, the

motor applies a 160 lb-ft torque to the gear at A
at A.. A
torque of T C
C =
250 lb-ft is removed from the shaft
at gear C , and the remaining torque is removed at
gear D.
D. Segments (1) and (2) are solid 1.5-in.-
diameter steel [G [G = 12,000 ksi] shafts, and the
bearings shown allow free rotation of the shaft.
Determine:
(a) the maximum shear stress in segments (1) and
(2) of the shaft.
(b) the rotation angle of gear D
gear D relative
relative to gear B
gear B.. Fig. P6.30
Solution
Section properties:
π 4 π
I p1 = D = (1.5 in.)4 = in.4
0.497010 in = I p 2
32 32
T A T B 10 in.
= hence T B = TA = 2.50T A = 2.50(160 lb-ft) = 400 lb-ft
4 in. 10 in. 4 in.
Shaft (1) has the same torque as gear B

gear B;; therefore, T 1 = 400 lb-ft.
lb-ft. A torque of 250 lb-ft
lb-ft is removed from
from
the shaft at gear C ; therefore, T C
C =
250 lb-ft. The torque in shaft (2) must satisfy equilibrium:
equilibrium:
Σ M x = −T1 + TC + T 2 = 0
∴ T2 = T1 − T C = 400 lb
lb-ft − 250 lb
lb-ft = 150 lb
lb-ft
To summarize:
T1 = 400 lb-ft T 2 = 150 lb-ft
(a) Maximum shear stress in shafts (1) and (2):

TR (400 lb-ft)(1.5
lb-ft)(1.5 in./2)(12 in./ft)
τ 1 = 1 1 = = 7,243
,243.315 psi = 7,240
,240 psi Ans.
I p1 0.497010 in.4
T2 R2 (150 lb-ft)(1.5
lb-ft)(1.5 in./2)(12 in./ft)
τ 2 = = = 2,716
,716.243 psi = 2,720
,720 ps
psi Ans.
I p 2 0.497010 in.4
(b) Angles of twist in shafts (1) and (2):
TL (400 lb-ft)(60
lb-ft)(60 in.)(12 in./ft)
φ 1 = 1 1 = = 0.048289 rad
G1 I p1 (12,000,000 psi)(0.
psi)(0.497 010 in.4 )
497010
T2 L2 (150 lb-ft)(40 in.)(12 in./ft)
φ 2 = = = 0.012072 rad
G2 I p 2 (12,000,000 psi)(
psi)().
).497010 in.4 )
497010
Note: There is not enough information given to say whether these twist angles are positive or negative.
However, both twist angles will have the same sign.
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6.31 In the gear system shown in Fig. P6.31, the motor applies a 300 lb-ft torque to the gear at A
at A.. A torque
of T C
C = 500 lb-ft is removed from the shaft at gear C , and the remaining torque is removed at gear D. D.
Segments (1) and (2) are solid steel [G
[G = 12,000 ksi] shafts, and the bearings shown allow free rotation o
the shaft.
(a) Determine the minimum permissible
diameters for segments (1) and (2) of the shaft i
the maximum shear stress must not exceed 6,000
psi.
(b) If the same diameter is to be used for both
segments (1) and (2), determine the minimum
permissible diameter that can be used for the
shaft if the maximum shear stress must not
exceed 6,000 psi and the rotation angle of gear D
gear D
relative to gear B
gear B must
must not exceed 0.10 rad.
Fig. P6.31
Solution
Torque relationship: The motor applies a torque of 300 lb-ft to gear A gear A.. Since gear B
gear B is bigger than
gear A
gear A,, the torque on gear B
gear B will
will be increased in proportion to the gear ratio:
T A T B 10 in.
= hence T B = TA = 2.50T A = 2.50(300 lb-ft) = 750 lb-ft
4 in. 10 in. 4 in.
Let the positive x
positive x axis
axis for shaft BCD
shaft BCD extend
extend from gear B
gear B toward
toward gear D
gear D.. In order for shaft BCD
shaft BCD to to be in
equilibrium with the torques as shown on gears C and D, D, the torque at B
B must act in the negative x
direction. Consequently, T B = −750 lb-ft.
Draw a free-body diagram that cuts through shaft (1) and includes gear B
gear B.. From this FBD, the torque
torque in
shaft (1) is:
Σ M x = −750 lb-ft + T1 = 0 ∴ T 1 = 750 lb-ft
From the problem statement, we are told that a torque of

500 lb-ft is removed from the shaft at gear C . In other
words, T C
C =
500 lb-ft. Draw a FBD that cuts through shaft
(2) and includes both gears B
gears B and
and C . From this FBD, the
torque in shaft (2) is:
Σ M x = −750 lb-ft + 500 lb-ft + T 2 = 0
∴ T 2 = 250 lb-ft
To summarize:
T1 = 750 lb-ft T 2 = 250 lb-ft
(a) Determine minimum diameters: The elastic torsion

diameter D::
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16 T 1 16(750 lb-ft)(12 in./ft)
D13 ≥ = 7.639437 in.3
= 7.639437
∴ D1 ≥ 1.96
.969490
490 in.
in. = 1.969 in
in. Ans.
16 T 2 16(250 lb-ft)(12 in./ft)

D23 ≥ = = 2.546479 in.3
∴ D2 ≥ 1.3
1.36556
5568 in.
in. = 1.366 in
i n. Ans.
(b) The rotation angle of gear D

gear D with
with respect to gear B
gear B is
is equal to the sum of the angles of twist in shaft
segments (1) and (2):
φ D − φ B = φ1 + φ2 ≤ 0.10 rad
Since the same solid steel shaft is to be used for both segments (1) and (2):
TL TL 1
0.01 rad ≥ 1 1 + 2 2 = [T1 L1 + T2 L2 ]
G1 I p1 G2 I p 2 GI p
or rearranging:
π 4 (750 lb-ft
lb-ft)(60
)(60 in.)(12
in.)(12 in./ft)
in./ft) + (250 lb-ft)
lb-ft)(40
(40 in.)(
in.)(12
12 in./ft)
in./ft)
I p = D ≥ = 0.5500 in.4
32 (12, 000, 000 psi)(0.1 rad)
∴ D ≥ 1.538 in.
Since the shaft has already been designed for stresses and since the diameter that is required to satisfy
the rotation angle requirement is smaller than D
than D1 determined in part (a), the minimum diameter required
for a constant diameter shaft between gears B
gears B and
and D
D is:
is:
Dmin = 1.969 in. Ans.
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motor applies a torque of 220 N-m to the gear at
A.
A. A torque of T C
C =
400 N-m is removed from the
shaft at gear C , and the remaining torque is
removed at gear D
gear D.. Segments (1) and (2) are solid
40-mm-diameter steel [G [G = 80 GPa] shafts, and
the bearings shown allow free rotation of the
shaft.
(a) Determine the maximum shear stress in
segments (1) and (2) of the shaft.
(b) Determine the rotation angle of gear D
relative to gear B
gear B..
Fig. P6.32
Solution
Section properties:
π 4 π
I p1 = D = (40 mm)4 = ,327.41 mm4
251,327 = I p 2
32 32
T A T B 300 mm
= hence T B = TA = 3T A = 3(220 N-m) = 660 N-m
100 mm 300 mm 100 mm

gear B;; therefore, T 1 = 660 N-m. A torque of T C
C =
400 N-m is removed
from the shaft at gear C . The torque in shaft (2) must satisfy equilibrium:
Σ M x = −T1 + TC + T 2 = 0
∴ T2 = T1 − T C = 660 N-m − 400 N-m = 260 N-m
To summarize:
T 1 = 660 N-m
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(b) Angles of twist in shafts (1) and (2):

T1 L1 N-m)(1.5 m)(1,000 mm/m)2
(660 N-m)(1.5
φ 1 = = = 0.049239 rad
G1 I p1 (80,0
(80,000 N/mm2 )(25
00 N/mm )(251,
1,327
327.4
.41 mm4 )
1 mm
T2 L2 N-m)(1.0 m)(1,000 mm/m)2
(260 N-m)(1.0
φ 2 = = = 0.012931 rad
G2 I p 2 (80,
(80,000 N/mm2 )(25
000 N/mm )(251,3
1,327.41 mm4 )
27.41
Note: There is not enough information given to say whether these twist angles are positive or negative.
However, both twist angles will have the same sign.
say φ B = 0 rad (since this is our reference)

φ D = φB + φ1 + φ2
= 0 rad + 0.049239 rad + 0.012931 rad = 0.062170 rad = 0.0622 rad Ans.
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motor applies a torque of 400 N-m to the gear at
A.
A. A torque of T C
C =
700 N-m is removed from the
shaft at gear C , and the remaining torque is
removed at gear D
gear D.. Segments (1) and (2) are solid
steel [G
[G = 80 GPa] shafts, and the bearings shown
allow free rotation of the shaft.
(a) Determine the minimum permissible
diameters for segments (1) and (2) of the shaft i
the maximum shear stress must not exceed 40
MPa.
(b) If the same diameter is to be used for
segments (1) and (2), determine the minimum
permissible diameter that can be used for the
shaft if the maximum shear stress must not
exceed 40 MPa and the rotation angle of gear D
gear D
relative to gear B
gear B must
must not exceed 3.0°.
Fig. P6.33
Solution
T A T B 300 mm
= hence T B = TA = 3T A = 3(400 N-m) = 1, 20
200 N-m
100 mm 300 mm 100 mm
Shaft (1) has the same torque as gear B;

B; therefore, T 1 = 1,200 N-m.
N-m. A torque of T C
C = 700 N-m is
removed from the shaft at gear C . The torque in shaft
shaft (2) must satisfy equilibrium:
equilibrium:
Σ M x = −T1 + TC + T 2 = 0
∴ T2 = T1 − T C = 1, 20
200 N-
N-m − 700 N-
N-m = 500 N-
N-m
To summarize:
T1 = 1, 200 N-m T 2 = 500 N-m
(a) Determine minimum diameters: The elastic torsion formula can be rearranged and rewritten in
diameter D::
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(b) The rotation angle of gear D

gear D with
with respect to gear B
gear B is
is equal to the sum of the angles of twist in shaft
segments (1) and (2):
φ D − φB = φ1 + φ2 ≤ (3°)(π / 1 80°) = 0.052360 rad
Since the same solid steel shaft is to be used for both segments (1) and (2):
TL TL 1
0.052360 rad ≥ 1 1 + 2 2 = [T1 L1 + T2 L2 ]
G1 I p1 G2 I p 2 GI p
or rearranging:
π 4 (1, 200 N-m)

N-m)(1.
(1.5
5 m)(1,0
m)(1,000 mm/m))2
00 mm/m + (500
(500 N-m)(
N-m)(1.0
1.0 m)(
m)(1,0
1,000 mm/m)2
00 mm/m)
I p = D ≥ 2
= 549,083.270 mm4
32 (80, 000 N/mm )(
) (0.052360 rad)
∴ D ≥ 48.6 mm
Since the shaft has already been designed for stresses and since the diameter that is required to satisfy
the rotation angle requirement is smaller than D
than D1 determined in part (a), the minimum diameter required
for a constant diameter shaft between gears B
gears B and
and D
D is:
is:
Dmin = 53.5 mm Ans.
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motor applies a torque of 250 N-m to the gear at A
at A..
Shaft (1) is a solid 35-mm-diameter shaft, and
shaft (2) is a solid 50-mm-diameter shaft. The
bearings shown allow free rotation of the shafts.
(a) Determine the torque T E provided by the gear
system at gear E.
gear E.
(b) Determine the maximum shear stresses in in
shafts (1) and (2).
Fig. P6.34
Solution
(a) Torque relationship: The torque on gear Bgear B is:
is:
72
T B = TA = 3 T A = 3( 250 N-m) = 750 N-m
24
gear B;; therefore, T 1 = 750 N-m and T C
C =
750 N-m. The torque on gear
D is
D is found from:
60
T D = TC = 2 T C = 2(750 N-m) = 1, 500 N-m
30
Shaft (2) has the same torque as gear D
gear D;; therefore, T 2 = 1,500 N-m and
T E = 1,500 N-m Ans.
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motor applies a torque of 600 N-m to the gear at A
at A..
Shafts (1) and (2) are solid shafts, and the bearings
shown allow free rotation of the shafts.
(a) Determine the torque T E provided by the gear
system at gear E.
gear E.
(b) If the allowable shear stress in each shaft must
be limited to 50 MPa, determine the minimum
permissible diameter for each shaft.
Fig. P6.35
Solution
(a) Torque relationship: The torque on gear B gear B is:
is:
72
T B = TA = 3 T A = 3(600 N-m) = 1, 800 N-m
24
gear B;; therefore, T 1 = 1,800 N-m and T C
C =
1,800 N-m. The torque on
gear D
gear D is
is found from:
60
T D = TC = 2 T C = 2(1, 800 N-m) = 3, 60
600 N-m
30
Shaft (2) has the same torque as gear D
gear D;; therefore, T 2 = 3,600 N-m and
T E = 3,600 N-m Ans.
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6.36 In the gear system shown in Fig. P6.36, a

torque of T E = 900 lb-ft is delivered at gear E .
Shafts (1) and (2) are solid shafts, and the bearings
shown allow free rotation of the shafts.
(a) Determine the torque provided by the motor to
gear A.
gear A.
(b) If the allowable shear stress in each shaft must
be limited to 4,000 psi, determine the minimum
permissible diameter for each shaft.
Fig. P6.36
Solution
(a) Torque relationship: The torque on gear E creates a torque in shaft (2) of T 2 = 900 lb-ft.
Accordingly, the torque applied to gear D
gear D is
is also equal to 900 lb-ft. The torque on gear C is
is found with
the gear ratio:
30
TC = TD = 0.5 T D = 0.5(900 lb-ft) = 450 lb-ft
60
Shaft (1) has the same torque as gear C ; therefore, T 1 = 450 lb-ft and T B = 450 N-m. The torque on gear
A is
A is found from:
24 T C 450 lb-ft
T A = T B = = = 150 lb-ft Ans.
72 3 3
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6.37 In the gear system shown in Fig. P6.37, a

torque of T E = 720 lb-ft is delivered at gear E .
Shaft (1) is a solid 1.50-in.-diameter shaft, and
shaft (2) is a solid 2.00-in.-diameter shaft. The
bearings shown allow free rotation of the shafts.
(a) Determine the torque provided by the motor to
gear A.
gear A.
(b) Determine the maximum shear stresses in
shafts (1) and (2).
Fig. P6.37
Solution
(a) Torque relationship: The torque on gear E creates a torque in shaft (2) of T 2 = 720 lb-ft.
Accordingly, the torque applied to gear D
gear D is
is also equal to 720 lb-ft. The torque on gear C is
is found with
the gear ratio:
30
TC = TD = 0.5 T D = 0.5(720 lb-ft) = 360 lb-ft
60
Shaft (1) has the same torque as gear C ; therefore, T 1 = 360 lb-ft and T B = 360 N-m. The torque on gear
A is
A is found from:
24 T C 360 lb-ft
T A = T B = = = 120 lb-ft Ans.
72 3 3
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6.38 Two solid 30-mm-diameter steel shafts are

connected by the gears shown in Fig. P6.38. The
shaft lengths are L
are L1 = 300 mm and L
and L2 = 500 mm.
Assume that the shear modulus of both shafts is
G = 80 GPa and that the bearings shown allow
free rotation of the shafts. If the torque applied at
gear D
gear D is
is T D = 160 N-m,
(a) determine the internal torques T 1 and T 2 in
the two shafts.
(b) determine the angles of twist φ 1 and φ 2.
(c) determine the rotation angles φ B and φ C C o
gears B
gears B and
and C .
Fig. P6.38
(d) determine the rotation angle of gear D
gear D..
Solution
(a) Torque relationship: The torque on gear D
gear D creates
creates a torque in shaft (2)
of T 2 = 160 N-m.
Σ M x = TD − T2 = 0 ∴ T2 = T D = 160 N-m
Accordingly, the torque applied to gear C is also equal to 160 N-m. The
torque on gear B
gear B is
is found with the gear ratio:
54 teeth
T B = −TC = −1.8 T
C = −1.8(160 N-m) = − 288 N-m
30 teeth
gear B;; therefore, T 1 = −288 N-m. To summarize:
T = −288 N-m T = 160 N-m Ans.
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6.39 Two solid 1.75-in.-diameter steel shafts are

connected by the gears shown in Fig. P6.39. The
shaft lengths are L
are L1 = 6 ft and L
and L2 = 10 ft. Assume
that the shear modulus of both shafts is G =
12,000 ksi and that the bearings shown allow
free rotation of the shafts. If the torque applied at
gear D
gear D is
is T D = 225 lb-ft,
(a) determine the internal torques T 1 and T 2 in
the two shafts.
(b) determine the angles of twist φ 1 and φ 2.
(c) determine the rotation angles φ B and φ C C o
gears B
gears B and
and C .
Fig. P6.39
(d) determine the rotation angle of gear D
gear D..
Solution
(a) Torque relationship: The torque on gear D
gear D creates
creates a torque in shaft (2)
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6.40 Two solid steel shafts are connected by the

gears shown in Fig. P6.40. The design
requirements for the system require (1) that both
shafts must have the same diameter, (2) that the
maximum shear stress in each shaft must be less
than 6,000 psi, and (3) that the rotation angle o
gear D
D must not exceed 3°. Determine the
minimum required diameter of the shafts if the
torque applied at gear D
gear D is
is T D = 1,000 lb-ft. The
shaft lengths are L1 = 10 ft and L2 = 8 ft.
G = 12,000 ksi and that the bearings shown
allow free rotation of the shafts.
Fig. P6.40
Solution
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Solve for the minimum acceptable

acceptab le diameter in shaft (2):
16 T 2 16(12, 00000 lb-in.)
D23 ≥ = 2
= 10.185916 in.
3
π τ π (6,
(6, 000
000 lb/i
lb/in.
n. )
∴ D2 ≥ 2.17 in.
Of these two values, D
values, D2 controls. Therefore, both shafts could have a diameter of 2.17 in. or more and
the shear stress constraint would be satisfied.
The angles of twists in shafts (1) and (2) can be expressed as:
TL TL
φ1 = 1 1 φ 2 = 2 2
G1 I p1 G2 I p 2
The rotations of gears B and C are
are related since the arclengths turned by the two gears have the same
magnitude. The gears turn in opposite directions;
directions; therefore, a negative sign
sign is introduced.
RCφC = − RBφ B
The rotation angle of gear B
gear B is
is equal to the angle of twist in shaft (1): φ B = φ 1. Therefore, the rotation
angle of gear C can
can be expressed in terms of T 1
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6.41 Two solid steel shafts are connected by the

gears shown in Fig. P6.41. The design
requirements for the system require (1) that both
shafts must have the same diameter, (2) that the
maximum shear stress in each shaft must be less
than 40 MPa, and (3) that the rotation angle o
gear D
D must not exceed 3°. Determine the
minimum required diameter of the shafts if the
torque applied at gear D
gear D is
is T D = 1,200 N-m. The
shaft lengths are L1 = 2.5 m and L2 = 2.0 m.
G = 80 GPa and that the bearings shown allow
free rotation of the shafts.
Fig. P6.41
Solution
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The rotations of gears B and C are

are related since the arclengths turned by the two gears have the same
magnitude. The gears turn in opposite directions;
directions; therefore, a negative sign
sign is introduced.
RCφC = − RBφ B
The rotation angle of gear B
gear B is
is equal to the angle of twist in shaft (1): φ B = φ 1. Therefore, the rotation
angle of gear C can
can be expressed in terms of T 1.
R R R TL N TL
φC = − B φB = − B φ 1 = − B 1 1 = − B 1 1
RC RC RC G1 I p1 N C G1 I p1
The rotation angle of gear D
gear D is
is equal to the rotation angle of gear C plus
plus the twist that occurs in shaft
(2):
φ D = φC + φ 2
and so the rotation angle of gear D
gear D can
can be expressed in terms of the torques T 1 and T 2:
N T L TL
φ D = − B 1 1 + 2 2 ≤ 3°
N C G1 I p1 G2 I p 2
Shafts having the same diameters and the same shear moduli are required for this system; therefore, I
therefore, I p1
p1 =
I 2 = I
= I and
and G1 = G2 = G Factor these terms out to obtain:

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6.

26 A torque of T A = 525 lb-ft is applied to gear A

(b) Shear stress magnitudes if shafts are solid 1.5-in.-diameter:

(c) Determine minimum diameters: The elastic torsion

π τ allow π (12,000 psi)

16 T 2 16(875 lb-ft)(12 in./ft)

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6.27 A torque of T D = 1,200 N-m is applied to gear

(b) Shear stress magnitudes if shafts are solid 30-mm-diameter:

(c) Determine minimum diameters: The elastic torsion

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6.28 The gear train system shown in Fig. P6.28

Maximum torque in either shaft:

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6.29 The gear train system shown in Fig. P6.29

Maximum torque in either shaft:

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6.30 In the gear system shown in Fig. P6.30, the

Shaft (1) has the same torque as gear B

(a) Maximum shear stress in shafts (1) and (2):

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From the problem statement, we are told that a torque of

∴ T 2 = 250 lb-ft

(a) Determine minimum diameters: The elastic torsion

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16 T 2 16(250 lb-ft)(12 in./ft)

(b) The rotation angle of gear D

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