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Abstract
This paper covers the application of the nanofluid into the vapor absorption refrigeration system. The ammonia
water refrigeration system is works on the low grade energy. It is eco friendly refrigerants. But it has some
drawbacks. This is mainly used for large applications more than 3000tons, lower COP, hazardus applications.
Remembering this it has to revaluate its research. And performance should be increased. Owing to this aim the VARS
is made for domestic purpose, and designed for such. The nanofluid is used to enhance the performance. The
nanoparticles used in this paper is Al2O3.
Keywords: Ammonia-Water, Solar energy collector, Nanofluid, nanofluid preparation, parabolic collector
decreases, thereby decreasing the pressure in the Figure1. Working principle of VARS
evaporator, all of which finally results in an increased
concentration of the solution. This results in the The refrigerant vapor will be condensed by
possibility of crystallization of the solution. Also, with transferring heat to the surroundings. With these
the decrease in evaporating temperature, the processes, the refrigeration effect can be produced by
coefficient of performance (COP) of the chiller would using heat energy. However, the cooling effect cannot
decrease. [06] be produced continuously as the process cannot be
done simultaneously. Therefore, an absorption
3. Vapor Absorption Refrigeration System refrigeration cycle is a combination.
The vapor absorption process works on the principle Separation process occurs in the right vessel
of the absorption / adsorption of one solution by as a result of additional heat from outside heat source.
another solution. These solutions have much affinity to of these two processes as shown in Figure As the
each other. In vapor compression cycle the separation process occurs at a higher pressure than the
mechanically compression i.e. compressor is replaced absorption process, a circulation pump is required to
by the thermal absorption process. The compressor is circu- late the solution. The work input for the pump is
replaced by an absorber, generator and pump. The negligible relative to the heat input at the generator,
working fluid in an absorption refrigeration system is a therefore, the pump work is often neglected for the
binary solution consisting of refrigerant and absorbent. purposes of analysis.
The most popular binary refrigerants-absorber
solutions are ammonia-water and water-LiBr. In figure
Ammonia-water pair ammonia is refrigerant and water
is absorbent. Likewise in water+-LiBr pair water is
refrigerant and LiBr is absorbent.
The working principle of the VARS described
bellow (07). The figure 1 (a) showing evacuated
vessels are connected to each other. In left vessel liquid
refrigerant poured and in the right vessel binary
solution of absorbent/refrigerant. At low pressure,
solution in the right vessel will absorb refrigerant
from the left vessel. While the refrigerant vapor is
being absorbed, the temperature of the remaining
refrigerant will reduce as a result of its vaporization.
5. Solar Energy the experiments are analytical reagent and the ammoni
water is homemade. (14)
Solar power is the world’s largest renewable energy
source the sun. it is 99% of the world’s available
renewable energy sources. Increasing environmental
and climate awareness, the use of solar energy has
been growing explosively the past few years. However
it has some technological and economical
developments issues, the huge research has to be done
on the same. Sun light comes on earth in two
components. One is direct beam of light another
diffused sun light. Direct beam of sunlight brings about
90% of the solar energy, and the diffuse sunlight
carries the remainder. The diffuse portion is the blue
sky on a clear day and increases proportionately on
cloudy days. The most of the solar energy carries direct
beam, so maximum collection of energy should
collected in this phase.
In The proposed work of VARS setup is using
parabolic Concentrator, which has 40% of efficiency
6. Nanofluid
Nanoparticles are crystalline having below 100 nm.
This can be used to improve the base fluid property
(Mechanical, thermal, physical, chemical etc). firstly,
nanofluid ware developed by Choi (09) at Argonne
National Laboratory. he defined as suspensions of
nanoparticles into base fluids with the typical length 7. Conclusion
scale of particles is 1–100 nm. K. Wang, G. Ding, W. The project setup is ready to checking performance.
Jiang, developed nanofluid for refrigerants. It can But test of the Alumina is not done Using the
enhance the performance of a refrigeration system nanoparticles of Al2O3 in VARS. By literature some
(10). By using nanoparticles in refrigeration system, conclusion is given bellow:
three main advantages can be obtained (11); (i) 1. The dispersion of Al2O3 nanofluids firstly increases
nanoparticles increase the solubility between the to a maximum and then decreases with the increase of
refrigerant and lubricant. (ii) Thermal conductivity and surfactant mass fraction,
heat transfer characteristics enhances. (iii) 2. The stability of Al2O3 is improved with the
Nanoparticles dispersion into lubricant may decrease increasing of the mass fraction of ammonia water.
the friction coefficient and wear rate. However, there 4. The optimal dispersing condition of a-Al2O3 and a-
are contradictory results as well available in literature. Al2O3 nanofluids is 0.3% PAA in 25% ammoniaewater
This paper focused on the use of the nano fluid in basefluid with 30 min supersonic vibration.
VARS to enhance its performance. The four types of
anofluids in this study were prepared by mixing a-
Al2O3 with PAA, a-Al2O3 with CTAB, g-Al2O3 with PAA 8. References
and g-Al2O3 with SDBS in ammonia water base (1) Florian Zink, Jeffrey S. Vipperman, Laura A.
solution, respectively. Fig. 1 (a) and (b) shows the SEM Schaefer, Environmental motivation to switch to
image of a-Al2O3 and g-Al2O3 nanoparticles, thermo acoustic refrigeration 2010.
respectively. The nano-particles are spherical or (2) D. S. We, Y. L. Ding, Experimental investigation in
analogously spherical and the purity is more than to pool boiling heat transfer of aqueous gamma-
99.8% through the use of Ultraviolet emission alumina nanofluid, journal of Nanoparticle
spectrometer. The mean size of a-Al2O3 and g-Al2O3 Research 7(2005)
nano-particles is less than 20 nm and 30 nm (3) K. J. Park, D. S. Jung, Boiling heat transfer
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International Engineering Research Journal