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Solar PV Array Buck-Boost Converter Fed Single
Phase Induction Motor Drives for Water Pumping
Priyvrat Vtas1, Yash Pal2
Electrical Engineering Dept. NIT Kurukshetra
Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
E-mail: 1priyvrat.107024@gmail.com, 2yash_pal1971@yahoo.com
Abstract— In this paper a single phase water pumping IM
drive is consider which is fed by SPV (Solar Photovoltaic) array
system which buck-boost dc-dc converter. In this paper we
proposed a three stage power conversion consist of buck-boost
converter and VSI. In first step the main requirement is to
extract maximum power from PV and it is done by MPPT
control. In this paper INC MPPT control is used which gives the
duty ratio which control the dc-dc converter. For better
performance of IM, V/F controlled VSI is employed for DC-AC
conversion. The V/F control generate required magnitude and
frequency for SPWM which control VSI. The proposed model is
modelled and simulated in Matlab/Simulink platform and result
shows effectiveness of proposed system.
Keywords—Induction Motor Drive, Bidirectional DC-DC
converter, DC-DC Buck-Boost Converter, MPPT, Single Phase
VSI.
I. INTRODUCTION
Rapid industrialization is key factor for development of any
country and its success depends on uninterrupted supply. As
the global warming and average temperature of earth increases
people want to shift some clean and green energy technology
which can’t cause for global warming and also for increase in
temperature. Other thing is that people Earlier depends on
conventional source of energy like coal, diesel, petrol etc. to
meet his energy demand but as conventional source is going to
exhaust in near future people is shifting to use renewable
energy source like solar, wind, ocean thermal energy
conversion, tidal energy, etc. Based on cost and performance
the solar energy is most economical, efficient and easily
traceable compare to all other available source of renewable
energy. Along with source of renewable energy global concern
is also on efficient machine so the SPV array most promising
alternative for all these concerns and conventional source of
electricity generation. As no toxic and greenhouse gases
emission, no fuel and maintenance cost and no water use leads
to say that SPV array system provide clean and green energy
with uninterrupted supply throughout day whenever solar
irradiance available. With very good and rich historical
background PV cell in present is made of silicon which is
introduced in 1980 and gain popularity in 1990s by that time
more and more research is going on in PV cell and more
investment is coming due to that the cost of PV cell is
decreases but the efficiency of system is as low as 5-6% and
the initial cost is high. At present the efficiency of SPV is about
15-16% for consumer solar panel, 27% for commercial solar
panel. Some group is working on SPV system and claim 44.7%
efficiency of solar panel which is good sign for industry. But
all these development even now there is some challenges such
as cost, efficiency, intermittency etc.
In present SPV array working area is increases day by day
and used in small power application like street lighting, home
etc. medium power requirement like park for water pumping
and lighting, agricultural purpose in irrigation large power
requirement like remote area power requirement, industry etc.
Recently the SPV array is largely used in water pumping in
arid region where supply of grid power is insufficient or also in
park where in night for lightening and in day continuous
watering is required. Generally for watering purpose single
phase induction motor drive (IMD) is employed.
As the induction motor (IM) is rugged, simple, reliable, less
maintenance requirement and cheap it is used almost all
application in every part of home and industrial use of
electrical machine. In IM some area requires more attention
such as control, losses and efficiency. Some research is going
on material, design and construction which is explained in [1].
For controlling IMD there is some control technique available
such as V/F (Voltage/Frequency) control in [2], direct torque
control (DTC) in [3] and vector control in [4]. As V/F control
is easily implementable, cost effective and simple so we are
using V/F control in this paper to control the Single Phase
IMD.
In this proposed model we are employing a dc-dc buck-
boost converter which is regulating SPV array voltage and
power according to INC (Incremental Conductance) MPPT
(Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm [2]. This output
power is fed to V/F control based SPWM controlled single
phase VSI. We can also employed a battery storage system
with bidirectional dc-dc converter which stores surplus energy
in day time and used in night.
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Battery
Bidirectional Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) 43.8V 438V
DC-DC
Bank
Converter Short Circuit Current (Isc) 5A 5A
+ DC-DC +
Single
Fill Factor 0.7315 0.7315
Single
Buck Phase
VPV VDC Phase
Boost
VSI IM No. of Series Module (Ns) 10
- Converter -
No. of Parallel Module (Np) 1
IPV
Duty Ratio
MPPT - *
S1 to S8 B. DC Link Voltage (Vdc)
+ VDC SPWM
PPV The required DC link voltage is estimated as
PID m F

K p 3 PPV ++
Speed to Look Up V = 2 ×V = 2 × 230 = 325.26 V (1)
Frequency Table dc rms
Hence, DC link voltage is chosen to be 350V.
Fig. 1. Proposed SPV fed Single Phase IMD for Irrigation

The IGBT with antiparallel diode base single phase VSI is C. Design of Buck-Boost Converter
used and its switching is given according to V/F control based The buck-boost converter parameter such as duty cycle (D),
SPWM control. V/F control also minimize inrush current inductance value (L) and DC link capacitor (C) is chosen such
which is very high in starting. This paper is divided in five a way that the converter always work in continuous conduction
section. Section II deals the proposed system configuration and mode (CCM) irrespective of any climatic condition. It is
its design criteria in Section III control strategy including INC summarize below in Table. 2.
MPPT algorithm Section IV results and discussion and
conclusion in Section V. Vdc 350
D= = = 0.4957 (2)
Vdc + Vmp 350 + 356
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM CONFIGURATION AND DESIGN
Vmp × D 356 × 0.4957
The proposed SPV array buck-boost fed single phase IMD L= = = 35.29 mH (3)
for water pumping is shown in Fig.1. The PV module convert ΔI L × f s 0.2 × 5 × 5000
solar energy to electrical power and is regulated by buck-boost
converter. The buck-boost converter is controlled based on I mp × (1 − D) 4.5 × ( 1 − 0.4957 )
INC MPPT algorithm generated duty cycle (D). This buck- C= = = 5.582μF (4)
boost converter is followed by single phase VSI. The V/F ΔV × f s 325.26 × 0.25 × 5000
control which gives reference frequency and modulation index
based SPWM gives the firing pulse to single phase VSI. TABLE II. BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER DESIGN PARAMETERS
In this configuration a 1500W (2hp), 230V, 50Hz, 4-Pole
Parameter Data Calculated Data Selected
Single Phase IM is used to drive water pump powered by
1600W SPV system. The design parameters of the system Vdc 325.26V 350V
given below and performance of overall system is shown in
next section with different conditions. D 0.4957 0.4957
L 35.29mH 40mH
A. PV Array Design
C 5.582μF 10μF
Sun Earth Solar Power TDB125x125-72-P-160W
monocrystalline PV module of 1600W considering losses is
D. Design of Water Pump
used for designing SPV array system. The SPV array module
designed with 10 series module and 1 parallel string which For water pumping IMD coupled Centrifugal pump is used.
gives 438V open circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit current The design of centrifugal pump is based on pump affinity law
(Isc) of 5A. At 81.27% of Voc and 90% of Isc this SPV system which say the load torque is proportional to square of speed
reach MPP. A summarize specification of SPV module is given [3].
in Table.1 below.
So, TL = K p × ω 2r (7)
TABLE I. PV MODULE DESIGN PARAMETERS
9.94
Kp = = 0.00043712 Nm /( rad / sec) 2
Single Module
SPV Array
Complete SPV
Array Module
(2 × π × 24)2
Power at MPP (Pmp) 160.2W 1602W Where, D is duty ratio, L is inductor of buck-boost
converter, C is DC link capacitor, TL is load torque, Kp is pump
Voltage at MPP (Vmp) 35.6V 356V constant, Ȧr is speed of IM.
Current at MPP (Imp) 4.5A 4.5A
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III. CONTROL APPROACH FOR PROPOSED SYSTEM This will generate modulation index and frequency reference
The VSI of proposed system is controlled by V/F control for V/F control. The integration of speed gives ĭ which control
based SPWM. The V/F control generates reference voltage and the frequency of reference sinusoidal wave.
frequency for SPWM. The INC MPPT algorithm generates V = 2 × π × f × N1 × φ × K w (8)
duty ratio for controlling buck-boost converter and extract
maximum power from SPV array. V
φ∝ (9)
f
A. INC MPPT Algorithm
There are many MPPT algorithm is present in literature
such as Perturb and Observe MPPT algorithm, INC MPPT ³
φ = ω* dt (10)
algorithm, fractional open circuit voltage, fractional short
circuit current etc. but in all MPPT algorithm INC gives better V * = a × sin(φ) (11)
dynamic behavior. The INC MPPT algorithm flow chart is
given in Fig.3. The Ppv-Vpv curve for an SPV array is given in Where, ‘a’ is modulation index.
Fig.2. It looks like a bell shaped curve which shows that the To generate reference speed following step is taken
slop of curve is positive in left hand, negative in right hand and
zero at maximum power respectively. Power output is changes The DC link voltage error
with respect to climatic condition but voltage should be *
constant throughout operation. The performance indices of Vr = Vdc − Vdc (12)
SPV system is given in Fig.4. This error voltage is passed to PID controller which gives
speed error as follows
B. V/F Control of IMD
For constant flux operation of IM V/F should be constant ω =ω + K × ­V − V ½+ K ×V (13)
throughout the operation. At starting the speed is very low so r(n) r(n −1) P ®¯ r(n) r(n −1) ¾¿ I r(n)
the voltage should also be small for constant flux operation.
For centrifugal pump characteristics the power and speed or Pump speed is given as ω pump = K p 3 Ppv
torque and speed relation is mentioned in (7). The operating
speed is given by input power according to mentioned relation. *
Reference speed is given as ω = ω pump + ω r

Where, Ȧ* is reference speed of pump and Ȧr is error speed.

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Fig. 2. The SPV Array Power and Current vs Voltage Curve.
The simulated result of proposed system is shown here. The
proposed system is simulated in Matlab/Simulink 2016a for 3
sec simulation time with varying irradiance value from
1000W/m2 to 600W/m2 and temp 350C. The performance of
PV cell, buck-boost converter output, VSI output are given in
Fig.4, Fig.5 and Fig.6 respectively. The steady state current for
capacitor start and split phase IM is given in Fig.7 and Fig.8
respectively. The capacitor start and split phase machine
performance is given in Fig.9 and in Fig.10 respectively.

Fig. 4. PV Performance (a) PV Voltage (b) PV Current (c) PV

Power Generated
Fig. 3. I&C MPPT Algorithm Flow Chart
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Fig. 9. Single Phase Capacitor Start IM Performance

Fig. 6. VSI Output Voltage

Fig.7. Capacitor Start Single Phase IM Steady State Current

Fig. 10. Single Phase Split Phase IM Performance

Fig. 8. Split Phase Single Phase IM Steady State Current

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In Fig. 4(a), Fig. 4(b) and Fig.4(c) the PV voltage, current
and power generated is shown respectively. We can also see
the variation due to change in irradiance.
In Fig.5 the output voltage of buck-boost converter as
constant throughout operation and it is almost gives desired DC
link voltage.
In Fig. 6(a) and Fig. 6(b) the VSI output voltage without
filter and with LC filter given.
In Fig. 7 and Fig.8 the steady state current of capacitor start
and split phase IM is given respectively.
In Fig. 9(a), Fig. 9(b) and Fig. 9(c) gives complete speed
profile, starting and steady state response respectively for single
phase capacitor start IM.
In same way Fig. 10(a), Fig. 10(b) and Fig. 10(c)
demonstrate complete speed profile, starting and steady state
response respectively for single phase split phase IM.
V. CONCLUSION
All simulated result of capacitor start and split phase IM is
shown in section IV and it gives as per theoretical conclusion.
In this paper a comparative analysis is carried out for capacitor
start and split phase IM for same rating. The simulation result
for capacitor start machine show 0.69% THD in current and
1.96% THD in voltage while for split phase IM 0.26% THD in
current and 2.01% THD in voltage which is in permissible
limit as per IEEE-519 standard. The starting performance of
capacitor start induction machine is better than split phase
machine. It also show that the losses in split phase machine is
more compare to capacitor start machine. The power factor of
capacitor start machine is better than split phase machine. So,
this paper conclude that SPV array Buck-Boost fed single
phase capacitor start IM can work very well in all conditions
and it can utilize in small Park, home side garden, in fountain
etc.
APPENDIX
IM Specification: - 1500W, 4-Pole, 1440 rpm, 50Hz, Main
Winding Stator Resistance-2.02ȍ, Inductance-7.4mH, Rotor
Resistance- 4.12ȍ Inductance- 5.6mH, Auxiliary Winding
Resistance-7.14ȍ, Inductance- 8.5mH.
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