Energy: Forms and Changes – Test

Name Date Period

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. When you turn on a radio, what type of energy transformation takes place?
a. sound energy to chemical energy
b. chemical energy to sound energy
c. electrical energy to sound energy
d. sound energy to electrical energy

____ 2. A student rolls these four items on the same surface and at the same speed. Which item will have
the greatest kinetic energy?
a. marble
b. basketball
c. beach ball
d. table tennis ball

____ 3. When a firecracker explodes, stored chemical energy turns into sound and light energy. What
other type of energy is also released during this transformation?
a. thermal
b. nuclear
c. electrical
d. Mechanical

_____ 4. The energy of blowing wind can be harnessed to create electricity. Why is wind considered a
renewable energy source?

a. Wind does not cause destruction of the environment.

b. Wind turns the blades of a windmill that creates electricity.
c. Wind provides only a very small amount of electricity to the United States.
d. Wind comes from atmospheric conditions that are available indefinitely.
_____ 5. The following steps describe the process of generating electricity by burning coal in a power
plant: 1. The coal fire converts liquid water to
steam.

2. The steam rotates fanlike blades of a

mechanical turbine.

3. The shaft of the turbine spins an

electric generator.

4. The electric power is delivered to the

consumer over long-distance power lines.

Which energy transformation occurs during this process?

a. Nuclear energy of the steam is converted to thermal energy of the turbine. in the generator.
b. Mechanical energy from the turbine is converted to electric energy
c. Electric energy from the generator is converted to chemical energy in the power lines.
d. Chemical energy from the generator is converted to electric energy in the power lines.

____ 6. Look at the picture below.

At which point will the roller coaster have the greatest amount of potential energy?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
_____ 7. This is the ability to do work or cause a change.
A. Motion B. Energy

_____ 8. A ball is released from rest at position 1. The diagram shows the ball in four positions as it
rolls along a track from left to right.

In which position does the ball have its minimum gravitational potential energy and maximum
kinetic energy?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

_____ 9. This is energy due to motion.

A. Kinetic energy B. Potential Energy

_____ 10. This is energy that is not moving. It is energy that is not causing any changes now.
A. Kinetic energy B. Potential energy
 _____ 11. This energy is energy of electrons that form the bonds between atoms in molecules.
A. Chemical B. Nuclear
C. Thermal D. Electromagnetic

_____ 12. Potential energy is sometimes called ____ energy.

A. stored B. moving

_____ 13. This energy holds the protons together in the nucleus.
A. Chemical B. Nuclear
C. Thermal D. Electromagnetic

_____ 14. This is a wave of vibrations that spreads from its source.
A. Sound B. Light

_____ 15. Electricity is produced in a hydroelectric plant when moving water turns a turbine.
Which describes this energy transformation from the turning turbine to electricity.
A. kinetic energy into electric energy
B. nuclear energy into electric energy
C. thermal energy into electric energy
D. chemical energy into electric energy

_____ 16. This cannot travel through a vacuum.

A. Sound B. Light

______17. This is a form of electromagnetic radiation. It can travel through a vacuum.

A. Sound B. Light

______ 18. Amplitude that is measured in the crest is referred to as what?

A. Negative amplitude B. Preferred amplitude
C. Amplitude D. Positive amplitude
_____ 19. The diagram below shows a pendulum in motion. Which describes the potential and
kinetic energy of the pendulum at position X?

A. Potential energy is at its lowest and kinetic energy is at its lowest.

B. Potential energy is at its highest and kinetic energy is at its lowest.
C. Kinetic energy is at its highest and potential energy is at its lowest.
D. Kinetic energy is at its highest and potential energy is at its highest.

_____ 20. A tightly sealed glass box has a mass of 20,000 grams and contains
a 5-gram cube of ice, making the total mass 20,005 grams. The box with the
ice is placed in direct sunlight. After three hours, the box appears to be empty,
with just small droplets along the sides of the box.

Which statement describes the mass of the sealed box after sitting in the sun?

A. The mass decreases because the ice melted into a liquid.

B. The mass remains the same as the ice melts and then evaporates.
C. The mass increases as the gases inside the box absorb energy and expand.
D. The mass increases as the water vapor condenses into small droplets on the glass.
_____ 21.
Use the information below to answer questions 22 - 24.

Baking Soda and Vinegar Reaction

Students perform a chemistry experiment by mixing baking soda with vinegar. They mix
4 grams of baking soda with 50 grams of vinegar in a 6-gram plastic cup as shown below.
The cup is left uncovered. The students record the mass and temperature of the mixture
every 5 seconds. They continue these observations until 10 seconds after they see the
mixture stop bubbling. Their data are shown in the table below.
_____ 22.

_____ 23. The data in the table show the temperature of the cup-baking soda-vinegar
system. The temperature of the surrounding air was not measured. Assuming that the
total amount of energy remains constant, what conclusion about energy transfer does the
temperature data support?

A. Thermal energy was lost from the surrounding air and the system.
B. Thermal energy was gained by the system and the surrounding air.
C. Thermal energy was transferred from the surrounding air to the system.
D. Thermal energy was transferred from the system to the surrounding air.
EXTENDED RESPONSE - use complete sentences to complete the following.

24. The data show that the mass of the cup and its contents decreases while the mixture
is bubbling. In your answer, explain why the mass of the cup and its contents at 25 seconds
is less than the initial total mass of the cup, baking soda and vinegar. Include in your answer
a valid scientific reason on which you based your explanation.

K.E. = Mass X Velocity 2

2

Computing Kinetic Energy - Complete the following table

Object Mass (kg) Velocity Kinetic

(m/sec) Energy ( J)
A #25 80 4
B #26 40 2
C #27 20 2
D #28 40 8