Dear Mrs. Susan T.

Pama,

We would like ro ask permission to allow us to conduct

a survey. This is in view with our research, entitled TOP MOST
DESTRUCTIVE INSECT PEST IN THE RICE FIELD. We are conducting the
survey among the farmers of Barangay Aguinaldo, Esperanza, Agusan
del Sur. Attached here with is the survey questionnaire for this
study.

The survey would last only the about 3-5 minutes every
farmers and would be arranged at a time convient to the farmers
schedule (e.g during break time). Participation in the survey is
activity voluntary and there are no known or anticipated risks to
participation in this study. All information provided will be
kept in almost confidentiality and would be used only for
academic purposes. The names of the respondents and the name of
your school will not appear in any research or publications
resulting from this study unless a greed to.

After the data have been analyzed, you will receive a copy
of the executive summary. If you would be interested in greater
detail an electronic copy of the entire research can be made
available to you.

If you agree, kindly sign below acknowledging your consent

and permission in us ro conduct this survey at Barangay
Aguinaldo, Esperanza, Agusan del Sur.

Your approval to conduct this study will be greatly

appreciated. Thank you in advance for your interest and
assistance with this research.

Sincerely yours/Respectfully yours,

Jenny Ann Camillo

Josephine Albarico

Loe jie Precioso

Leonardo Legaria
 Noted by:___________________

Approved by:___________________________

Printed Name and Signature

Dear Brgy.Captain,

We would like to ask permission to allow us to conduct

a survey. This is in view with our research, entitled TOP MOST
DESTRUCTIVE INSECT PEST IN THE RICE FIELD. We are conducting the
survey among the farmers of Barangay Aguinaldo, Esperanza, Agusan
del Sur. Attached here with is the survey questionnaire for this
study.

The survey would last only the about 3-5 minutes every
farmers and would be arranged at a time convient to the farmers
schedule (e.g during break time). Participation in the survey is
activity voluntary and there are no known or anticipated risks to
participation in this study. All information provided will be
kept in almost confidentiality and would be used only for
academic purposes. The names of the respondents and the name of
your school will not appear in any research or publications
resulting from this study unless a greed to.

After the data have been analyzed, you will receive a copy
of the executive summary. If you would be interested in greater
detail an electronic copy of the entire research can be made
available to you.

If you agree, kindly sign below acknowledging your consent

and permission in us ro conduct this survey at Barangay
Aguinaldo, Esperanza, Agusan del Sur.

Your approval to conduct this study will be greatly

appreciated. Thank you in advance for your interest and
assistance with this research.

Sincerely yours/Respectfully yours,

Jenny Ann Camillo

Josephine Albarico

Loe jie Precioso

Leonardo Legaria

Noted by:___________________

Approved by:___________________________

Printed Name and Signature

Table of Content

Pages

Title
page.............................................................
.................................................................
..i

Table of
Content..........................................................
.........................................................ii

Abstract.........................................................
.................................................................
........1

Introduction.....................................................
.................................................................
.... 2

Review of
RelateLiterature.................................................
.................................................

Defination of
Terms............................................................
.........................................................
Objectives of the
Study............................................................
.....................................................

Statement of the
Problem..........................................................
....................................................

Scope and
elimitation......................................................
...............................................................

Research
Pradign..........................................................
.................................................................
..

Location.........................................................
.................................................................
...................

Significance of the
Study............................................................
....................................................

Result of the
Study............................................................
.....................................................

Conclusion.......................................................
.................................................................
..........

Recommendation and
Suggestion.......................................................
............................

References.......................................................
................................................................

Letter ..........................................................
.................................................................
............
Data.............................................................
.................................................................
....

Questionnaire....................................................
.................................................................
..

Curriculum
Vitae............................................................
.............................................

Abstract

This study aims to identify the result of Top most

destructive insect pest in the rice field of barangay Aguinaldo,
Esperanza, Agusan del Sur. The data to be used for the study will
be obtained from ten (10) selected same farmers (where five (5)
female and five (5) male farmers) in the area. This study
determained the different insect pest that attack in the rice
field, the top most destructive insect pest in the rice field and
identify the top most destructive insect pest that attack in the
rice field, effects of insect pest and to find out how this
destructive insect pest affect the needs and livelihood of the
farmers.
 Introduction

Insect pest inflict their damage on stored products

mainly by direct feeding. Some species feed on the endosperm
causing loss of weight and quality, while other species feed on
the germ, resulting in poor seed germination and less viability
(Malek & Parveen, 1989; Santos et al, 1990). Thus, due to damage
done by insects, grains lose value for marketing, consumption or
planting. Most storage pest are able to increase in numbers,
drastically within a relatively short time. When population qill
start to decline due to the decrease in food viability and
competition among individuals, which is when a proportion of
insect will have to migrate and search for other food source.
Most of the world rice production is from irrigated and rain fed
lowland rice fields where insect pests are constraints. In a 1989
survey of 50 rice entomologist from 11 countries, average yield
losses due to insect pests were estimated at 18.5%. The rice
plant is subject attack by more than 100 species of insects; 20
of them can cause economic famage. Together they infest all parts
of the plant at all growth stages, and a few transmit viral
disease, which cause direc damage as well as transmit viruses.

This study aims to identify the top most destructive

insect pest in the rice field at Barangay Aguinaldo, Esperanza,
Agusan del Sur.

Review of Related Literature

Chakraborty and Nanda (2011) made fortnight assesment on the

dynamics of yellow stem borer (YSB), Scripophaga incertulas
walker by light trap (200 watt) in relation to climatic
parameterz in Swarna mahsuri MTU (7029) variety during four
consecutive years of 2005-2008. The adult catch number was
significantly influenced by average temperature, temperature
gradient maximum relative humidity, average relative humidity and
sunshine hour at positive level while by minimum temperature at
negative level.

Nigam et al., (2009) studied on the infestation of leaf

folder 34.18% and maximum larval population 23.15/5 hill C
temperature. 104.2 mm rainfall, 98% relative humidity and 3.5
sunshine hours in Kharif 2005-05, while the maximum 35.24% leaf
damage and 24.15 larval population/5 hills occured at 25.1
degrees C to 32.1 degrees C temperature 23 mm rainfall 91%
relative humidity and 7.2 hrs sunshine. Percent leaf damage and
larval population were decreased continously at maturity stage of
crop and reached at minimum level i.e. 20.00 and 20.83 percent
and 1.50 and 2.50 larvae/5 hills during both the years,
respectively. The correlation between percent leaf damage with
temperature, relative humiditu and rainfed were found negative
while, sunshine hours and positive correlation.

Satri et al., (2008) investigated the relation between the

weather parameters and insects (YSB andGM) incidence. They found
that, in the case of yellow stem borers (YSB), there were
significant relation of weather parameters like maximum
temperature, minimum temperature, relation himidity I and
relative humidity II with the yellow stem borer population.

Shamim et al., (2009) studied Nephotettix virescens

distant and Sogatella furcifera (horv) commonly known as green
leaf hopper (GLH) and white backed plant hopper(WBPH)
respectively. These are thw serious pests of Kharif paddy all
over the world causing extensive losses. The population dynamics
of Green Leaf hopper and white backef plant hoppet for ten
consecutive years (1994 to 2004) except for 1997 were correlatef
with the weather parameters like maximum temperature, rainfall,
relative humidity and bright sunshine hours had a positive
significant correlation (r=0.166) with the population dynamics of
GLH. The correlation between WBPH peak population and bright
sunshine jours also showed positive significant correlation
(r=0.269), while maximum teperature, minimum temperature,
rainfall and relative humidity showed non-significant effect on
population buildup of both GLH and WBPH. Green leaf hopper
attained peak population during 39th standard meteorological week
and decreased considerably thereafter.

Shukla and Sharma (2008) concluded that, in light trap and

pheromone trap studies for stem borer it was observed that during
October- November most of moths were caught which shows that the
pak population of stem borer adult moth is found during the
months October and November.
 Defination of Terms

Armyworm- are caterpillar pest of grass pastures and cereal

urges.

Cutworms- any of various smooth bodied chiefly nocturnal noctuid

caterpillars which often feed on young plant stems near ground
level.

Plant hopper- related to the leaf hoppers and spittle bugs but
rarely damages cultivated plants.
Rice black bug- feed on the rice plant from seedling to maturity
growth stages.

Rice caseworm- feed on rice during the seedling and tillering of

the crop.

Rice leaf folder- larva fold a leaf blade together and glues it
with sille strands feeds.

Rice leaf hoppers- is the common name for any species from the
family cicadellidae.

Rice mealy bug- are the insects in the family psendococcidae,

unarmored scale insects found in moist with the biological
control of gray pineapple.

Stem borers- an insect larva that bores in plant stems especially

a cerambycid larva of the genus overeat.

White grubs- a grubs that is a destructive pest of grass root and

is the larva of various beetles and especially jure bugs.

Objectives of the Study

1. To know the different insect pests that are attacking in the
rice field.

2. To identify the top most destructive insect pest in the rice

field.

3. To determine the effect of the top most identified

destructive insect pests in the rice field.

Statement of the Problem

1. What are the different insect pests attack in the rice field?

2. What is the top most destructive insect pests attack in the rice field?

3. What are the effects of the identified top most destructive insect pests in the rice field?
 Scope and Delimitation

The scope of this study will focus only ten (10) respondents in Barangay Aguinaldo,
Esperanza, Agusan del Sur on destructive insect pests in rice field. This study will be based on a
random sampling method with the use of validated quetionnaire. The study will be focused on
the top most destructive insect pests in rice field and how to prevent or control the different
insect pests.

Research Paradigm
Different Insect Pest Top most Insect Pest Effect of top most
Insect Pest

Figure 1.
Location
 Signigicance of the Study

The result of this study could be significant to the following:

Farmers- this study will help the farmers to prevent and control the attacking of insect pest in
the rice field.

School- this study will help to determine and anlyze the destructive insect pests espscially when
the students in school doing garden to produce good harvest.

Teacher- this study will be useful especially in the teaching field of agriculture.

Future Researcher- this will help the future researcher to improve their knowledge in studies
related to the given problem to get a better result or output. This will also serve as their
reference to their future researches.
 Result of the Study

Table 1

DIFFERENT INSECT PEST THAT ATTACK IN THE RICE FIELD

ITEM DIFFERENT INSECT PEST THAT ATTACK IN THE RICE FIELD. RESULT RANK

1.1 Rice leafhoppers 4 5

1.2 Plant hoppers 2 7

1.3 Stem borers 9 1

1.4 Rice leaf folder 6 3

1.5 Rice black bug 9 1

1.6 Rice caseworm 3 6

1.7 Rice mealy bug 2 7

1.8 Rice root aphids 7 2

1.9 White grubs 2 7

1.10 Armyworms 5 4

1.11 Cutworms 3 6

1.12 Rice ear head bug 2 7

Table 1 shows the result about different insect pest that attack in the rice fueld. According
to the farmers, eight (8) out of ten (10) respondents say that Rice black bug, Rice root aphids
and Stem borers are always attack in the rice field. Seven (7) out of ten (10) respondents say
that Rice leaf folder always attack in the rice field. Five (5) out of ten (10) respondents say that
cutworms always attack in the rice field. Four (4) out of ten (10) respondents say that
Armyworms and Rice caseworm are always attack in the rice field. Two (2) out of ten (10)
respondents say that Plant hoppers, Rice ear head bug, Rice mealy bug and White grubs are
always attack in the rice field.
 Therefore the different insect pests that mostly attack in the rice field are, Stem borers,
Rice black bug and Rice root aphids. While, the insect pests that rarely attack in the rice field are
Rice leaf hoppers, plant hoppers, Rice mealy bug, White grubs and Rice ear head bug.
 Table 2.

TOP MOST DESTRUCTIVE INSECT PEST ON THE RICE FIELD

ITEM TOP MOST DESTRUCTIVE INSECT PEST ON THE RICE FIELD. RESULT RANK

1.1 Rice leafhoppers 2 5

1.2 Plant hoppers 2 5

1.3 Stem borers 8 1

1.4 Rice leaf folder 7 2

1.5 Rice black bug 8 1

1.6 Rice caseworm 4 4

1.7 Rice mealy bug 2 5

1.8 Rice root aphids 8 1

1.9 White grubs 2 5

1.10 Armyworms 4 4

1.11 Cutworms 5 3

1.12 Rice ear head bug 2 5

Table 2 shows the top most destructive insect pest that attack in the rice fueld. According to
the farmers, nine (9) out of ten (10) respondents say that Rice black bug and Stem borers are
always attack in the rice field. Seven (7) out of ten (10) respondents say that Rice root aphids
always attack in the rice field. Six (6) out of ten (10) respondents say that Rice leaf folder always
attack in the rice field. Five (5) out of ten (10) respondents say that Armyworms always attack in
the rice field. Four (4) out of ten (10) respondents say that Rice leafhoppers always attack in the
rice field. Three (3) out of ten (10) respondents say that Cutworm and Rice caseworm are
always attack in the rice field. Two (2) out of ten (10) respondents say that Plant hoppers, Rice
ear head bug, Rice mealy bug and White grubs are always attack in the rice field.

Therefore, the top most destructive insect pests that attack in the rice field are Stem borers
and Rice black bug. While the insect pests that rarely attack in the rice field are Plant hoppers,
Rice mealy bug, White grubs and Rice ear head bug.
 Table 3.

EFFECTS OF IDENTIFIED DESTRUCTIVE INSECT PEST IN THE RICE FIELD

ITEM EFFECTS OF IDENTIFIED DESTRUCTIVE INSECT PEST IN THE RICE RESULT RANK
FIELD.

3.1 Low harvest 5 2

3.2 Low quality of rice 6 1

3.3 More expenses 4 3

Table 3 shows that the effect of the identified destructive insect pest rice field. According
to the result, six (6) out of ten (10) respondents say that Low quality of rice always happend in
the rice field. Five (5) out of ten (10) respondents say that Low harvest always happend in the
rice field. Four (4) out of (10) respondents say that More expenses always happend in the rice
field.

Based on the result of the identified destructive insect pest in the rice field. The mostly
effect of this identified destructive insect pest is the Low quality of rice. And the moderately
effect is More expenses.
 Conclusion

Therefore the different insect pests that mostly attack in the rice field are, Stem borers,
Rice black bug and Rice root aphids. While, the insect pests that rarely attack in the rice field are
Rice leaf hoppers, plant hoppers, Rice mealy bug, White grubs and Rice ear head bug.

Therefore, the top most destructive insect pests that attack in the rice field are Stem borers
and Rice black bug. While the insect pests that rarely attack in the rice field are Plant hoppers,
Rice mealy bug, White grubs and Rice ear head bug.

Based on the result of the identified destructive insect pest in the rice field. The mostly
effect of this identified destructive insect pest is the Low quality of rice. And the moderately
effect is More expenses.
 Recommendation and Suggestions

1. Farmers should attend Barangay seminars/meeting, to have an idea about preventing and
controlling insect pests in the rice field.

2. The farmers showed coordinate to the Department of Agriculture (DA) of the municipality of
Esperanza, Agusan del Sur to must provide an alternative ways on controlling insect pests.
 References

●Akin sola EA (1984) Insect pests of upland rice in africa.

●Angeles EA, khvsh G S, Heinrichs EA (1981) New genes for resistance to plant hoppers and leaf
hoppers in rice

●Books.irri.org/9712200280_content pdf

●Krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/.../1/VIDYAWATI%20GARG%20T-2746.pdf

●uk.ask.com/Look no further/Try it

●www.fao.org/3/a-avoi3e.pdf
 Questionnaire

Name:_______________________

Age:______

Gender:________

No. of years in farming:________

A. Rating Scale

Scale Interpretation Description

5 Always Attack (AA) Insect pest always attack

4 Sometimes Attack (SA) Insect pest sometimes attack

3 Moderately Attack (MA) Insect pest moderately attack

2 Rare Attack (RA) Insect pest rare attack

1 Never Attack (MA) Insect pest never attack

Direction: Please check the following number to the top most destructive insect pests in the rice
field.

ITEM DIFFERENT INSECT PEST THAT ATTACK IN THE RICE 5 4 3 2 1

FIELD?

1.1 Rice leafhoppers

1.2 Plant hoppers

1.3 Stem borers

1.4 Rice leaf folder

1.5 Rice black bug

1.6 Rice caseworm

1.7 Rice mealy bug

1.8 Rice root aphids

1.9 White grubs

1.10 Armyworms

1.11 Cutworms

1.12 Rice ear head bug

ITEM The top most destructive insect pests tjat attack in the rice 5 4 3 2 1
2. field?

2.1 Rice leafhoppers

2.2 Plant hoppers

2.3 Stem borers

2.4 Rice leaf folder

2.5 Rice black bug

2.6 Rice caseworm

2.7 Rice mealy bug

2.8 Rice root aphids

2.9 White grubs

2.10 Armyworms

2.11 Cutworms

2.12 Rice ear head bug

Item Effects of the identified destructive insect pests in the 5 4 3 2 1

3. rice field?

3.1 Low harvest

3.2 Low quality of rice

3.3 More expenses
 Republic of the Philippines

San Toribio, Esperanza, Agusan, del Sur

San Toribio National High School

________________________________________________________

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Jenny Ann M. Camillo

Gender: Female

Date of Birth : June 22, 2000

Place of Birth: San Toribio, Esperanza, Agusan del Sur

Address: Purok 3 San Toribio, Esperanza, Agusan del Sur

Name of Mother: Ginalyn M. Camillo

Name of Father: Timoteo A. Camillo

Educational Background: Student

Senior High School: San Toribio National High School

Junior High School: San Toribio National High School

Elementary: San Toribio Elementary School

 Republic of the Philippines

San Toribio, Esperanza, Agusan, del Sur

San Toribio National High School

________________________________________________________

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Josephine O. Albarico

Gender: Female

Date of Birth: December 30, 1998

Place of Birth: Sta. Maria Sibagat, Agusan del Sur

Address: Purok 2 Aguinaldo, Esperanza, Agusan del Sur

Name of Mother: Maria Digna O. Albarico

Name of Father: Antonio P. Albarico

Educational Background: Student

Senior High School: San Toribio National High School

Junior High School: San Toribio National High School

Elementary: Sta. Maria Elementary School

 Republic of the Philippines

San Toribio, Esperanza, Agusan, del Sur

San Toribio National High School

________________________________________________________

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Loe jie H. Precioso

Gender: Male

Date of Birth: May 15, 2000

Place of Birth: Odiong, Esperanza, Agusan del Sur

Address: Purok 3 Aguinaldo, Esperanza, Agusan del Sur

Name of Mother: Lucia H. Precioso

Name of Father: Junnie F. Precioso

Educational Background: Student

Senior High School: San Toribio National High School

Junior High School: San Toribio National High School

Elementary: Aguinaldo Elementarh School

 Republic of the Philippines

San Toribio, Esperanza, Agusan, del Sur

San Toribio National High School

________________________________________________________

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Leonardo T. Legaria

Gender: Male

Date of Birth: September 2, 2000

Place of Birth: Odiong, Esperanza, Agusan del Sur

Address: Purok 3 Aguinaldo, Esperanza, Agusan del Sur

Name of Mother: Leonilla T. Legaria

Name of Father: Luillpredo D. Legaria

Educational Background: Student

Senior High School: San Toribio National High School

Junior High School: San Toribio National High School

Elementary: Aguinaldo Elementary School