ABDUL AZEEZ

ETA Star International LLC

Dubai

Location: ETA Star International Head Office

Date: 18.02.2009
Time : 10.00 Hrs
Conductor
Insulation - XLPE
Semiconductive layer
Metallic Screen (Copper Wires)
Lead Sheath

Outer Sheath
Whenever conductor carries current, it creates
an magnetic field which induces a voltage in
sheath.
If there is no bonding/grounding then, these
voltages can become high relative to the
surrounding earth and may damage the cable
and/or cause a hazard.
To limit these voltages, it is necessary to bond
the sheath to earth by using various sheath
bonding arrangements.
To Limit the Sheath voltage
Reduce sheath losses to a minimum
Maintain a continuous sheath circuit for fault
current return and adequate lightning and
switching surge protection.
Most common sheath bonding arrangements
used in DEWA networks are:

Single point bonding

Cross bonding
Mixed system
It is used for shorter lengths ( For example < 1000 m)
It is also called End-point bonding.
It involves, bonding one end of the cable circuit to
earth and the other end is bonded through sheath
voltage limiters (SVL)
Because there is no closed sheath circuit, current does not flow
longitudinally along the sheaths, so no sheath circulating current loss
occurs.
So, heating effect of circulating current in sheath is avoided.
However, voltages are induced along the length of cable and particular care
must be taken to insulate and provide surge protection (SVL) at the free
end of the sheaths to avoid danger from the induced voltages.
In this arrangements, parallel ground conductor is provided and grounded
at both ends of the cable route and installed very close to the cable
conductors, to carry the fault current during ground faults and to limit the
voltage rise of the sheath during ground faults to an acceptable level.

Parallel Ground
conductor
It is used for longer circuit length ( For example > 1000 m)
Circuit is divided into major and minor sections such that there
are three minor sections (M1,M2,M3) is approximately equal
length in each major section (M).
Both ends of a major section are bonded to earth and the
other two positions within the major section are bonded to
sheath voltage limiters by cross connecting the sheaths.

M1 M2 M3

M
Cross bonding the cable sheaths attempts to
neutralize the total induced voltage.
Since there is no current flow, there are
practically no losses in the screen
Increases the ampacity

M1 M2 M3

M
Longer cable circuits may consist of a number of major
sections in series. When the number of minor sections is
divisible by three, the cable circuit can be arranged to consist
of more than one major section.
 It is combination of Cross bonding and single
point bonding arrangements.

Towards
S-24 S/S
A) For short cable lengths , where less than three sections of
cables are needed, we recommend single side bonding
together with an additional earth conductor to improve the
zero-sequence impedance and the earthing impedance.

B) For long cable lengths, consisting at least of three cable

sections, we recommend implementing a cross bonding
system as it increases the ampacity and improves the zero-
sequence impedance.

For cable circuits, where the number of cable sections is

unequal to three or unequal to a multiple of three, the
recommendations A) and B) can be combined.