CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1. Background

Importance for human health

Health as a means of achieving a happy life. No matter how the availability of

the necessities of life if health is not owned will be bland, no longer useful to life and
living.

Islam ever since the great importance of healthy living through promotive,
preventive measures-protective. Step starts from coaching on humans as subjects as
well as the object of health problems themselves. Inculcate Islamic values and
manifestations of monotheism monotheism itself in human beings. These values can
change perceptions about human life in the world which in turn are changing the
course of human behavior. And the behavior expected from people who bertauhid is
behavior which is the realization of obedience to the commands and prohibitions of
Allah.

Individually with a base value of monotheism, Islam teaches that every Muslim
healthy lifestyle. This is an effective way to avoid pain. Cleanliness for example, is
emphasized by Islam and considered as a reflection of one's faith. Obligation to clean
small hadats, perform ghusl, sunna to prove that Islam is bersiwak concerned with
physical cleanliness.

2. The formulation of the problem

a. How understanding healthy sphere by language, terms, Islam and health?

b. What kinds of influence, the views of Islam and the health of external health
sphere?

1
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Definition

Health is a state of healthy, both physically, mentally, spiritually and socially

to enable more people to live socially and economically productive (Article 1, point 1
of Law no. 36 of 2009). While the environment is anything that being around
humans, whether animals, plants, and inanimate objects.

From the above understanding, the health environment means an

environment capable of sustaining a dynamic ecological balance between human and
reality environment to support the achievement of a healthy human life,
prosperous and happy (Association of Environmental Health Specialist).
Environmental Health is divided into two internal and external. Internal
environmental health environmental health is more directed to the sanitary control of
the business of physical environmental factors that may cause or humans can cause
things that are harmful to the physical development, health and survival of Human
Health. Whereas external environment is environmental health Hygiene is more
directed to the business of preventive health or disease prevention activities focused
both on individuals and health business to business health physical environment
where people are.

Given the constraints of Environmental Health Sciences as a science which

studies dynamic interactive relationship between population groups or communities
with all sorts of changes in environmental components such as
species of life, material, substance or power in the vicinity of humans, which
pose a threat, or potentially cause health problems communities, and seek preventive
measures (Umar Fahmi Achmadi, 1991).

In Islam Basically, morality is taught the Koran to the environment comes

from human beings function as caliph.

Allah says:

2
Meaning:
[2:30] Remember when thy Lord said unto the angels: "Behold, I will make a caliph
in the earth." They say: "Why do you want to make (caliph) on Earth that people who
will make mischief therein and shed blood, but we always celebrate with praise You
and sanctify You?" The Lord said: "Verily I know what you do not know."

Caliphate requires the interaction of humans with each other and man
against nature. Caliphate means aegis, maintenance, and supervision, for every
creature creation goals.

This means that humans are required to be able to respect the processes that
are running, and to all processes that are happening. That leads man responsible, so he
did not do destruction, even in other words, "Any destruction of the environment
should be valued as human beings in their own destruction."

Animals, plants, and inanimate objects are all created by God and belongs to
Him, and all have a dependency on him. This belief led the Muslims to realize that
everything is "people" of God which must be treated fairly and well.

B. Various kinds of external environmental health

In Article 162 of the environmental health efforts aimed at realizing the

environmental quality in the form of healthy physical, chemical, biological, and social
that allows each person to reach the degree of health as high.
1). Physical Environment: human surroundings consisting of objects that do not live
(non livingthings) and other physical forces. For example: water, air, soil, climate,
weather, etc.

2). Environmental chemistry: an environment that includes the chemistry of

substances and other compounds. Example: CO, O2, CO2, etc.

3). Biologic Environment: keseluruan living things that exist around human beings,
including human life is berkisardari sendiri.Makhluk the smallest of viruses and other
mikrroba, to insects, animals, plants and man himself.

3
 4). Social Environment: lingkunganyang covers the complex relationship between
these factors and conditions kondoisi culture, value system, customs, habits, attitudes,
morals, religion, education, employment, standard of living, community life,
availability of health services.

C. Environment Influence on Health

Various opinions of scientists about the effect of environment on health are:

• July Soemirat Slamet (2000: 35-36) concluded that the environment is everything
that is around, whether it be animate beings, inanimate objects, real or abstract
objects, including other humans, and the atmosphere is formed by the interaction
between the elements in nature them. In principle, the environment (water, air, earth,
social) can not be separated, because it has no real boundaries and constitute a unity
of ecosystems. Depending on needs, the environment can be classified as follows:

1. Living environment (biotic) and non-living environment (abiotis).

2. Natural environment and man-made environment.
3. Environment prenatal and postnatal environment.
4. Biofis environmental and psychosocial environment.
5. Water Environment (hidrosfir), air environment (atmosphere), soil
environment (lithosphere), the biological environment (biosphere) and the
social environment (sosiosfir).
6. The combination of these classifications.
• Dr. M.N. Bustan (1997: 73) concluded that the environment is part of human
life is very important. Environmental disturbance will disturb human health.
One aspect of environmental health is the levels of substances - toxic
substances or pollution of the environment surrounding human life. It takes
knowledge and effort to keep the air is not polluted with pollution substances -
substances that bring disturbance or respiratory disease.
• Dainur (1995: 7-8) concludes highly infectious disease is determined by
nutritional status and the possible availability of breeding grounds of germs in
the environmental community. As a benchmark level of environmental health,
among others: clean water facilities are easily available protected, where
sewage, waste water disposal sites, landfills are healthy, as well as settlement
of sehat. Influence Environmental Health. July Soemirat Slamet (2000: 18-19)
4
 concludes the development of epidemiology specifically describe the role of
environment in the occurrence of diseases and epidemics. In terms of
environmental health sciences, the disease occurs because of the interaction
between humans and the environment is not always profitable, sometimes
even harmed humans, therefore humans are always trying to always make
things better around him according to his ability.
• Prof. Dr. Nasri Noor Noor, MPH (1997: 28-29) concludes the environmental
elements play an important role in determining the process of interaction
between the host and the causative agent in the disease process.
D. Islamic views
In the Koran surat Al-Anbiya 107, Allah says:
Meaning:
[21:107] And We sent thee not, but for (a) mercy for all creatures.
The verse describes the purpose of lowering messenger of Allah SWT,
Muhammad SAW, which is to be a blessing for the universe. The universe can be
defined as a didalamya universe including human beings, plants, animals, other
living creatures, and no living creature. Rahmat generally implies compassion,
justice, and welfare. Thus the goal of Islam is synonymous with the purpose of
carrier, Muhammad SAW, which preaches compassion, justice, and prosperity to
the universe.
Rahmatan lil alamin Islam is not just a motto, but it is the aim of Islam
itself. In accordance with these objectives, it is only logical if Islam became the
pioneer for the management of nature and the environment as a manifestation of
compassion for the universe. Besides banning create mischief on earth, Islam also
has an obligation to keep the environment clean, because cleanliness is part of
Islamic society life as expressed by the prophet Muhammad SAW with hadistnya
which reads: "Cleanliness is part of faith." Prophet Muhammad also forbade men
to dispose of urine into water sources, roads, in the shade, and in the hole (where
living) animals.
The ban can be further manifested as a prohibition to dump waste or
dangerous products into the environment which are likely to destroy or reduce the
quality of that environment. Islam invites people to actively protect the
environment, for example by taking out the trash in its place. This is consistent
5
 with the philosophy of Islam which is generally preferred to avoid (preventive)
actions or events that are worse than the cure (curative) adverse events or actions
that have occurred.
However, Islam also does not stand idly by if there have been some bad
incidents or crimes such as set out in religious law (syar'i) which set penalties for
violators of rules.
E. Health outlook
Health external environment plays an important role in supporting one's
health. Because of the four factors that affect health, lingkunganlah the most part.
According to Blum's theory, there are 4 factors that influence health. Environment
plays the biggest, heredity and lifestyle occupies the same position and the last
new health care portions 1 / 4 of the environment.
Where the environment can form healthy habits for humans. If
environmental hygiene and health can be maintained then it will spearhead a
healthy life. Make health environmental health as a major factor to promote
healthy living is not without reason. Because the environment there are many
agents of disease if we are able to maintain the health of our environment we
would avoid these agents.
This can not be denied the quality of the environment must affect people's
health status. From the study of environmental health information implied that a
person's health status is influenced by heredity, nutrition, health care, behavior
and arches.
According to Blum paragdima others about the health of the five
environmental factors have a dominant influence. Environmental factors that
affect a person's health status that can come from an urban environment, social
environment, an environment of recreation, work environment.
Environmental health situation in Indonesia is still a get things that need
attention, because it causes people's health status changes such as population
explosion, water supply, pengolalaan garbage, sewage disposal, pesticide
application, nutritional issues, settlement issues, health care, drug availability,
population air, coastal erosion, deforestation and many more problems that can
cause a disease model.
Examples of environmental causes tremendous impact is, Minamata
disease in Japan due to mercury contamination, and then in Eastern Europe some
6
 brain cancer last year were the highest since cerenobhyl exploded, and lung
cancer in Alaska due to smoke.

CHAPTER III
CLOSING
1. CONCLUSION
As a religion which rahmatan lil alamin, Islam laid the utilization and
environmental management as an integral part of the worship of adherents. The duty
of every Muslim in maintaining a good environment has been enshrined in the Koran
and are also given for example in some hadith prophet, including the reward or
punishment for those who do not heed the obligations.
Declining image of Islam in all fields including the field of environment were
mostly caused by non-performance of religious obligations is by most adherents. The
majority of Muslims still consider that their duty is more religious rituals such as
prayer, fasting, zakat, hajj and leave without seeing the function and benefit further
from the ritual.
When studied further, in addition to prayer is a means of worship to Allah
SWT also intended to prevent the perpetrators of such prayers from shameful and
unjust deeds include creating damage and pollution. Fasting is expected to be a means

7
for the fast players to be patient, modest, and not dissipate. With these properties, they
are expected to be able to rein themselves from excessive exploitation of the
environment. Zakat and alms subject be expected to make a generous person and at
the same time giving attention to the surrounding environment.
Zakat and alms should not be done simply to escape from the obligation to
fulfill it but should be aware that zakat and alms must fulfill its function should be
monitored and managed properly for the common welfare. Furthermore, the hajj can
also be used as a means to study the environment that may be very different from the
origin of the pilgrimage the environment. Also search history of the prophet Abraham
who is part of the implementation of the pilgrimage can also be used as a lesson how
important natural resources (eg water) for humans. Utilization and management of
natural resources is an obligation for every individual Muslim. With spirit foster
awareness, God willing, the ideals of Islam as a religion that rahmatan lil alamin can
be realized.

2. ADVICE

As Muslims we ought to our attention for any behavior that we do. Islam very
concerned about human function as caliph on earth, ie, treating, managing and
preserving the environment. So we urge all readers for presumably to carry out its
function as a vicegerent on earth. Which make use of the earth without forgetting treat
and maintain its sustainability. So thank's for your attention, keep save our earth for
the next generation!

8
 REFERENCES

Fadl, "HEALTH in Islam", accessed on 24 April 2011 in

http://www.fadlie.web.id/bangfad/kesehatan-dalam-islam.html,
Agus Sofyan,, 2007. GRACE ISLAMIC WORLD, Lexington, KY.

Sulastomo, "Health Management", Scholastic Press, 2000,

Suroto Rahmad.2010, "Morals to the Environment in Islam". Gramedia, Garut.

Simple, "Health", accessed on 24 April 2011 in

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesehatan