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RESUMO
ABSTRACT
Environmental impacts are present throughout the productive cycle of the civil
construction sector, with a recurrent search for alternatives to deal with excessive
consumption of natural resources and with the disorderly generation of waste. Because
it is a sector that has several possibilities of applications for materials, it also has the
potential to absorb part of the waste generated by its own activity, as well as the waste
generated by other industries. The incorporation of EVA residues as light aggregate is
mainly aimed at reducing the density of the composite, however its presence tends to
reduce significantly the compressive strength. Plant fibers are a low-cost and
renewable option for synthetic fibers, which are used to increase the toughness of the
cementitious composite, yet they exhibit low durability in alkaline environments.
Replacing common sand with crushed sand, besides reducing costs with aggregate
transportation would also reduce the demand for sand and the environmental impacts
associated with its use. This research aims to study the effects of the substitution of
natural sand by crushed sand in a cement composite with EVA and piaçava fibers.
Initially the physical characterization (specific mass) and granulometric (particle size
and fine content) of the aggregates were performed. Four different proportions
between conventional sand and crushed sand (0%/25%/50%/100%) and two distinct
mix ratios were evaluated, the first (1:0,5:0,5) and the second (1:3:0,6), being molded
specimens for the water absorption tests by immersion, compression, flexural traction
and flexural traction with accelerated aging through wetting and drying cycles. In the
absorption assay there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of
absorption and the void index between the different ratios of the aggregates in both
mix ratios, only between the mix ratios that there was a significant reduction, where
the second trait obtained approximately half of the absorption rate of the first trace, and
the void index about one-third smaller. As for the mechanical tests, the first mix ratio
did not present a statistically significant difference between the means of the
compressive strength or the tensile strength in the flexion, whereas in the second mix
ratio a linear increase of these parameters was observed as the proportion of sand of
the samples. For all proportions and in both mix ratios, the flexural tensile strength of
all samples was reduced after accelerated aging, however a distinct behavior was
observed between the mix ratios in the force/displacement curves, where it is possible
to see that for the First, the wetting cycles affected the first crack strength, which
corresponds to the contribution of the matrix, whereas for the second mix ratio the
accelerated aging affected the post-cracking resistance more intensely, which
corresponds to the contribution of the fibers.