(Supplemental) Table e-1: Neuropsychological test batteries used based on the age of the

study subject1-11

Test Battery for Older Children (ages 6 and older):

 Continuous Performance Test (CPT-II)5
 Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- IV (WISC IV) Subtests: Block Design, Digit
Span, Picture Concepts, Coding, Vocabulary Similarities, Letter-Number Sequence,
Matrix Reasoning, Comprehension, Symbol Search, Cancellation1
 Test of Non-Verbal Intelligence (TONI-3); Version B2
 Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT 3rd Edition: Version B)3
 Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML-2) Subtests: Story Memory,
Design Memory, Verbal Learning, Picture Memory, Story Memory Delayed Recall,
Verbal Learning Delayed Recall4
 Wide Range Achievement Test-3 (WRAT-3 Blue Version)6
 Wisconsin Card Sorting Test7

Test Battery for Young Children (4 years old to less than 6):
 Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT)5
 Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III (WPPSI-III); Subtests: Block
Design, Information, Matrix Reasoning, Vocabulary, Picture Concepts, Symbol Search,
Word Reasoning, Coding8
 Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-3rd Edition (PPVT-3; Version B)3
 A Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment Test (NEPSY); Sentence Repetition
Subtest9, 10
 Beery Developmental Test of Visuo-Motor Integration-5th Edition11

Test Battery for Very Young Children (2.5 years old to less than 4 years old):
 Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III (WPPSI-III) Subtests Receptive
Vocabulary, Block Design, Information, Object Assembly8
 Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-3; Version B)3
 Beery Developmental Test of Visuo-Motor Integration-5th Edition11
References for Supplemental Table e-1

1. Wechsler D. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition. San Antonio, TX:
Psychological Corp., 2003.
2. Brown LS, RJ; Johnson, SK. Test of Non-verbal Intelligence, 3rd edition. Austin, TX:
Pro-Ed, 1997.
3. Dunn LD, ES. Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III. Circle Pine, MN: American
Guidance Services, 1997.
4. Sheslow D, Adams W. Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning. Wilmington,
Del.: Wide Range, 2003.
5. Conners C. Conners' Continuous Performance Test II: Technical Guide and Software
Manual. North Tonawanda, New York: Multi-Health Systems, 2002.
6. Wilkinson G. The Wide Range Achievement Test, 3rd edition. Wilmington, Del: Jastak,
1993.
7. Heaton RC, GJ; Talley, JL; Kay, GG; Curtis, G. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Manual
Revised and Expanded. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1993.
8. Wechsler D. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Revised. San
Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, 1989.
9. Korkman M, Kirk U, Kemp S. NEPSY-II: a developmental neuropsychological
assessment manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation, 1998.
10. Korkman M, Kirk U, Kemp S. NEPSY-II: administration manual. San Antonio, TX:
Psychological Corporation, 2005.
11. Beery K, Buktenica N, Beery N. Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor
Integration, 5th ed. Cleveland: Modern Curriculum Press, 1997.
(Supplemental) Table e-2: Baseline Neuropsychological Test Results by Treatment Group for
Attention RCT (n=393)

Ethosuximide Lamotrigine Valproic Acid

(n=137) (n=129) (n=127) P-value
Wechsler Scale for Children IV (WISC IV) – Composite Score
Verbal comprehension 91.63 ± 15.17 94.08 ± 14.65 92.51 ± 13.82 0.51
Perceptual reasoning 95.67 ± 17.31 98.84 ± 14.06 97.34 ± 14.46 0.36
Working memory 95.60 ± 15.91 94.90 ± 14.09 93.22 ± 13.39 0.51
Processing speed 95.01 ± 16.59 97.29 ± 14.67 93.81 ± 15.44 0.29
Full scale IQ 93.65 ± 16.63 95.56 ± 14.58 93.09 ± 14.84 0.52
Test of Non-Verbal Intelligence-3 (TONI-3) –Quotient
TONI-3 102.84 ± 14.39 104.49 ± 13.61 102.07 ± 14.74 0.48
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Tests – 3rd Edition (PPVT-3) - Standard Score
PPVT-3 97.38 ± 15.39 102.79 ± 13.57 97.64 ± 14.35 0.02
Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML2) - Index Score
Verbal memory index 97.62 ± 13.27 100.10 ± 15.15 99.39 ± 12.56 0.44
Visual memory index 89.39 ± 17.87 92.20 ± 15.31 92.46 ± 13.49 0.32
Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT 3) - Standard Score
Reading 98.99 ± 14.52 104.22 ± 13.25 100.42 ± 16.78 0.04
Spelling 97.75 ± 14.32 105.28 ± 14.30 97.58 ± 14.54 <0.001
Arithmetic 93.83 ± 15.84 100.19 ± 13.33 95.19 ± 17.07 0.01
Wisconsin Card Sorting Tests (WCST) - Standard Score
Perseverative responses 92.98 ± 15.79 95.88 ± 14.26 96.77 ± 14.92 0.18
Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III (WPPSI-III) – Composite Score
Verbal comprehension 96.10 ± 19.03 95.62 ± 13.32 98.50 ± 13.57 0.8
Performance 94.33 ± 16.08 91.08 ± 15.54 96.41 ± 9.52 0.43
Processing Speed 97.31 ± 20.87 93.31 ± 15.76 98.91 ± 12.59 0.44
Full scale IQ 98.10 ± 16.18 93.19 ± 17.16 98.48 ± 13.93 0.5
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Tests – 3rd Edition (PPVT-3) - Standard Score
PPVT-3 98.73 ±15.30 100.11 ± 15.25 98.61 ± 10.89 0.91
Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment Test (NEPSY) – Standard Score
Sentence Repetition 8.74 ± 2.99 9.81 ± 2.63 9.17 ± 3.53 0.41
Beery Developmental Test of Visuo-Motor Integration-5th Edition – Standard Score
Beery 96.06 ± 16.09 96.11 ± 15.77 104.17 ± 16.19 0.12
(Supplemental) Table e-3: Week 16-20 Continuous Performance Test by Treatment Group
(analyzed as a continuous variable).
Ethosuximide Lamotrigine Valproic acid P-value for
(N=100~113) (N=97~108) (N=98~108) treatment
Week 16-20 visit data (Mean
± SD)
Confidence Index 50.8 ± 23.7 45.5 ± 25.2 64.2 ± 24.6 <0.0001
Omission T-score 55.5 ± 13.9 55.9 ± 17.5 65.1 ± 25.2 0.0002
Commission T-score 46.6 ± 10.3 49.8 ± 10.4 47.9 ± 8.4 0.079
Change between baseline
visit and week 16-20 visit
Confidence Index -5.4 ± 24.6 -7.3 ± 22.6 5.9 ± 23.5 0.0002
Omission T-score -4.8 ± 19.9 -3.2 ± 15.5 0.8 ± 27.2 0.14
Commission T-score -3.3 ± 9.5 0.3 ± 9.9 -0.9 ± 8.2 0.02