(a) ( ‘sweat gland labelled ; capillary labelled : R sweat duct (2) (b) warmer ; must be a comparative statement i () ‘sweat (present in B/ORA) ; capillaries carry more blood (in B/ORA); capillaries wider / dilated (in B/ORA) ; Ig constrict/ shrink [max 2) ‘evaporation (of sweat) ; more blood near (surface of) skin ; increased heat loss / cooling ; allows regulation of temperature / Prevents overheating ; [max 3] ‘a) Box 1: sensory / afferent neurone Box 2: motor / efferent neurone fibre correct =2 marks , Box 3: effector muscle / gland / A named effector {or 2 correct = 1 mark al ib) (part A) (Problem) change in emotional behaviour, (part B) Cerebellum / hind brain; (Problem) loss of balance / coordination; cerebrum / cerebral hemispheres / frontal lobes / fore brain; loss of voluntary movement / speech difficulties / change in sensory perception // leaming difficulty / memory loss / loss of control over movement / oss of learnt activity / [max 4] ow Mitosis; tt) Tissue; ft) ‘a injected calls have travelled to brain; Replication / cell di Colls present after time period; Y chromosome is only in males / female is XX; n has occurred / tissue has formed; {max 3]rays converge at comea; rays converge at lens; meet before retina + continue to hit retina; (b) (i) narrows / decreases in size or diameter / constricts (R contracts); fe) (i) iris + muscles; circular + contract; fast / rapid J quick; reaction / response + (to) stimulus; 3) 1 i} automatic / involuntary / no involvement of conscio4s thought AW; / cannot be controlled R no involvement of brain a (ii) t00 much light allowed to enter AW; ‘damage to retina / rods / cones / light-sensitive cels; ic) (a) | externally administered ; Imax 2] substance ; modifies/ affects chemical reactions in body ; (b) (4) brain ; depressant ; ‘Anamed parts of brain liver ; ref. damage ; Annamed, 6.9. cirrhosis /liver failure/ fatty liver disease (c) (i) | nicotine ; [max 2] tar; carbon monoxide ; (ii) | reduced birth weight ; A premature birth ‘breathing i] problems 3a) | blue 5 1 3¢bxi)_ | (G) Bb/ heterozygous ; 3 (H) Bb/ heterozygous ; (J) bb / homozygous + recessive ; sibyi) | G+H: 1 34) | 1 parent genotypes / gametes correct from G and H in (b)(1) 5 2 offspring genotypes correct for parent genotypes / gametes ; 3. offspring phenotypes correct for stated genotypes ; 4 genotype / phenotype ratio correct ; 5 _ correct use of the terms gamete + genotype / phenotype ;(a) maintenance of /constant ; intemal environment/conditions within the body ; (b) (i) low temperature detected ; by receptors/sensors on skin ; brain; ‘any two corrective mechanisms from shivering / hairs raised/ sweating reduced/stopped/ ‘vasoconstriction of blood vessels (R of capillaries) ;; temperature rises again ; 4) (ii) (a) (colon) water absorbed into blood ; rise/excess (in water content of blood) detected ; ‘excess water excreted/removed/more urine produced A\ by kidney ; correct ref. ureter/bladder/urethra in comect context ; fest/ instant ; automatic / involuntary / spontaneous / unconscious / AW ; response / reaction ; toa imulus 4] [max. 3] (b) (i) i) named stimulus* ; correct receptor / named” ; impulse / electrical + pulse : sensory / afferent / receptor + motor / efferent / effector neurones, in correct order ; NS / spinal cord" ; correct or named effector* ; correct action (of effector)* ; automatic / innate / does not need to be learnt ; ref. protection / eids survival / damage limitati Imax. 5] 2)