Drive Shaft

-transfer torque from the differential to the wheels

-one end of each shaft is splined to the differential's pinion-drive gear while the
other end is splined to a wheel hub
-Honda vehicles are front-wheel drive and since thesefront wheels are also teh
steering wheels, it is important that the drive shafts are able to support changes
in diection as a result of steering
- ensuring left and right drive shaft will be at the same length components,
intermediate shaft are used.
-Rubber dynamic dampers are also assembled so that vibration and noise can be
reduced.
CONSTANT VELOCITY(CV) JOINTS
-to prevent the repeated acceleration and deceleration during each revolution of
the shaft , possibly resulting in operational noise and vibration, CV jont is used
TYpes:
*Birfield Joint
*Tripod Joint
- these CV joints are covered with boots to kep in lubricant and prevent
contamination
*BIRFIELD JOINT
-consists of an inner ball race, a set of six balls,a cage to position the balls,
and outer housing.
-used as outboard joints
*TRIPOD JOINT
-consists of housing, a spider, and a set of three rollers.
-The spider- can slide in the axial drection to compensate for any change in drive
shaft leght caused by variation of the drive shaft angle
-used in inboard joints
-SLIDER TRIPOD JOINT-excellent tolerance in vibration
INTERMEDIATE SHAFT
*Torque Steering
-the vehicle is pulled to one side when a high degree of engine torque is appled in
an abrup fashion
-in reducing the torque steering, an intermediatesahft is provided.
- standardizing the length of left and right drive shafts
STEERING SYSTEM OVERVIEW
- the direction of motion of the car can be change
-Honda vehicles used the rack and pinion type of steering systems (except NSX)
PROCESS WHEN THE DRIVER OPERATES THE STEERING WHEEL
1.motion transferred to steering box
2.via steering shaft
3.passing throught the steering column and coverted to lateral motion by the
gearbox and transferred to tie rods
4.left and right tie rods are connected to steering knuckles
5.each knuckle is pivoted on the suspension's upper and lower arms and rotates
about this axiswhen the force is applied to the knuckle arm.
this allowing to move the wheels to right and left
STEERING COLUMN AND STEERING SAHFT
*Steering Column
-assembled to the vehicle body by means of an absorbing plate
-absorb any force of impact applied to the steering wheel when the vehicle is
involved in collision, protecting the driver from injury
-TILT CONTROL-Legend and ACRA 3.5RL are fitted with an electrical ecive to move the
steering wheel to forward and backwards
STEERING GEARBOX
-shaft is connected to steering gearbox pinion by steerin joint
-the pinion engaged with the rack on the gearbox and the rotation of teh shaft
cause the rack to move to left or right
TIE-ROD AND STEERING KNUCKLE
-ball joints referred to as rack ends are fitted on the ends of the rack.
-connected to tie-rods
-steering knuckle arm(connected to ball joint) are fitted on tie-rod ball joints
*Steering Shaft
-passes thorugh the steering column tube

POWER STEERING SYSTEM OVERVIEW

- designed to decreae the effort required in turning the steering wheel
USED BY HONDA
TYPES
*Hydraulic Power Systems
*Elecrtically-assisted, Electronic Power Steering
OPERATION PRINCIPLE
1. Steering wheel is turned, control valve wil be move by a corresponding degree
2. Power steering fluid which has beed sent to the reservoir by the oil pump will
be directed to left or right chamber
3. POwer cylinder's piston is connected to the steering rack
4. the rack will be moved to left or right by the hydraulic pressure which is being
applied by the piston
Hydraulic Control System
Classification based on type of control valve
Types of Control Valve
*4-way valve (spool valve) type
-moved to th left or to right
-opening a passage which feeds the fluid to either left or right chamber of power
cylinder

*rotary valve type

-use the rotary valve to control the flow of hydraulic fluid.
POWER-ASSIST CONTROL METHOD
- to avoid any problems on the vehicle
-also, utilized so that a large number of degree of steering-effort reduction is
provided when low speed or parking
-small degree of steering effort reduction is provided when the driving at high
speeds.
-makes the operation of steering wheel be stable
TYPES OF METHOD USED:
*speed-sensing linear-assist type
*spped sensing typw
*Hydraulic-reaction-sensing type
*engine-speed-sensing type
- these types allow the degree of steering assistance to be regulated with respect
to vehicle speed, engine speed, tire-to-road resistance, or a combination of these
factors
MAJOR COMPONENTS PARTS
1.Power Cylinder
-consists of a cylinder and power piston which is mounted to the steering rack
-some of the hydraulic lines from the valve body unit are connected to the cyliner
*enable the supply and discharge of hydraulic fluid to and from the chambers
2.Steering Gearbox
-houses the steering pinion and rack
3.Power Steering fluid reservoir
-stores fluid and cleans it using a built-in filter
4.Valve body unit(Control valve)
-controls the direction and level of steering assistance
5.Power steering fluid cooler
-connected bet the valve body unit and power steering fluid reservoir
-positioned such a way that air flows over when the vehicle is being driven
6.Power steering pump
-belt-driven by the crankshaft
-during engine operation, it continuously circulates power steering fluid through
the system
7.Speed sensor(used in vehicle-speed-sensing system)
-takes the form of hydraulic pump and driven by speedometer driven gear
-meshes with a gear in the differentials
-the fluid delivery rate is thus proportional to the vehicle speed

SUSPENSION OVERVIEW
Function
-suspension located bet the vhicle's wheels and body
-works in conjunction with the wheels to absorb vibration and impact forces from
the road surfaces
-ensures that the wheels are always firmly in contact with teh road surfaces
-regulatesthe inclination of the body in order to improve the stability of the
vehicle in accelerating, braking and cornering
Components
-consists of arm connected to the body
-wheel in order to determine their positional relationship
-springs to absorb impact forces originating at the surface road
-dampers to control the motion of the springs
SUSPENSION SYSTEM TYPES
*Rigid Axle
-load is directed to the wheels and supported by a sinle axle
-connceted and left and right wheels
-more effective when itis desired to maintain a large suspension stroke in vehicle
which exhibit large variation in load
-mainly employed in large or mid-sized trucks and busses
-drawback of this type is driving comfort and stability are inferior to those of
teh independent type
*Independent
-no axle connecting the left and right wheels
-load directed to the wheels is supported by the suspension arms
-each wheel can move independently in response to its specific road condition
-driving comfort and stability are superior when this type of suspension is adopted
-used in SUV, sports car, compact trucks, and independent suspension
*HONDA VEHICLES
-DOUBLE WISHBONE
~consists of an upper arm, lower arm and a damper assembly (coil spring and shock
absorber)
~each arm is connected to the knuckle and body using bushes
~used for front suspension- upper arm is positioned in the region of the top of the
wheel
~used in rear suspension- upper arm is positioned inside the radius of the tire in
order to allow a reduction in size
FEATURES
~large amount of freedom is available, precise settings can be made for driving
comfort, steerability and other factors
~suspension arms can support non-vertical external forces, thus reducing damper
friction and ensuring excellent operation
~vetical size of teh suspension can be more compact
~ensuring that motion is effeciently transferred

-MacPherson Strut
~consists of a lower arm and damper assembly
~damper assembly contains a shock absorber and a coil spring, often referred to as
a strut
FEATURES
~few parts and the overall assembly is light.
~easily maintainable
~spring mass is reduced
~the amount of freedom available when setting geometry is small and there is a
relatively large amount if chamber deterioration
~vertical size of the assembly is large
~damper assembly (strut) also supports non-vertical external forces, resulting in
the transmission of the damper friction

BRAKE SYSTEM OVERVIEW

-converting the kinetic into heat energy through friction
TYPES
*disc brake
-made from cast iron
-pads squeeze a disc that rotates together with the wheel, slowing the disc and
wheel
*drum brake
-made from cast iron
-shoes expand onto the inside surface of a drum that rotates together with ther
wheel, slowing the drum and wheel
*Both*
-fricton applied from brake shoes and pads made from asbestos but now sintered
alloy substance
HONDA VEHICLES use disc brakes on front wheel and disc or drum brakes on rear
wheels
Vehicle Brake System
~service brakes
-activated hydraulically by the brake pedal and are used while the vehicle is
moving
~parking brake
-activated mechanically by a parking brake lever or pedal
-used to hold the vehicle in position while stationary
CONSTRUCTION
1. Brake pedal
2. Rear brake caliper
3. Rear brake disc
4. Parking brake lever
5. front brake disc
6. front brake caliper
7. proportioning valve
8. master cylinder
9. brake booster

SERVICE BRAKE
*Master Cylinder
-converts pedal force into hydraulic pressure.
~when the brake pedal is depressed
^pistons in the master cylinder are activated causing pressure to act on the brake
fluid
~when the brake pedal is released
^return springs move the pistons back to their original positions
\HONDA VEHICLES-utilized tandem master cylinder.
-serves two independent hydraulic lines
-both hydraulic lines are independent, fluid loss ot other abnormalities in one
line don not case all of the brakes to fail
-master cylinder is fitted with a brake fluid reservoir
~Flui reservoir
-compensates for variations in the fluid level that accompany movement of the
pistons and permanent changes in the quantity
of fluid in the brake lines that occur as the brake pads become worn.
*Disc Brake
-consists of brake disc, brake caliper and two brake pads.
~Brake disc
-sandwiched by the brake pads and the pads are held inside the brake caliper.
-the hydraulic pressure is sent to the brake caliper and the caliper presses the
pads against the disc
-solid but vehicle models utilize ventilated discs (contains radial vanes between
its rubbing surfaces for optimum cooling performance)
~Ventilated disc
-often used on front brakes which are subjected to relatively heavy loading.

*Drum Brake
-consists of a brake drum, wheel cylinder, two brake shoes and a backing plate.
-wheel cylinder and brake shoes are mounted on the backing plate which is fixed on
he trailing arm
-brake drum is mounted on the rear hub covering them.
-brake hydraulic prssure created by the master cyliner is sent to the wheel
cylinder and the cylinder expands against the drum.

*Proportioning Control Valve (PCV)

~when the vehicle's brake pedal is depressed
-the vehicle will nosedive.
-increase load on the front wheels makes the front brakes likely to lock
-the rear brakes become more likely to lockly since the load on the rear wheels is
simultaneously reduced
^Locking the rear wheels would cause instability and cause the vehicle to spin
-use the Proportioning control valve to incorporate the brake pressure supplied to
the front and rear brakes
~when the brake hydraulic pressure exceeds a predetermined level
-PCV limits the amount of pressure supplied to the rear brakes, thus making them
less likely to lock
/HONDA vehicles utilizes dual PCV's, designed for operation for operation with
divided-line brake circuits
-some units built in ABS hydraulic unit

*BRAKE BOOSTER
-reduces the amount of force required when depressing the brake pedal
^HONDA used diaphragm-type vacuum servo brake booster
-this type boosts the force applied to the brake pedal
-utilizing the pressure diferential between the atmospheric pressure and the vacuum
pressure in the engine's intake manifold
-applied in pistons in the master cylinder

*BRAKE HOSES AND PIPES

-Honda uses X-split divided-line connection arrangement
~to prevent a single abnormality from causing all of the brakes to fail.
~In this arrangement, one line serves the front-right and rear-left brakes and
other line serves the front-left and rear-right brakes

*PARKING BRAKE
^Activation Mechanism
-Honda uses mechanical parking brake arrangement
-rear wheel parking brake mechanism is activated fromthe cockpit va cables
-can be lever-activated or pedal-activated

*Lever-activated
-connected to a lever between the driver's seat and front passenger seat
-activate: driver pulls the lever upward, the lever is then held by a ratchet.
-release: drive depresses a release button at the end of the lever and returns the
lever o its original position
-consists of parking brake lever, parkin brake cable and rear wheel brakes

*Pedal-Activated Parking Brake

-used in certain vehicles with automatic transmission
-parking brake are connected to a pedal near the driver's feet
-activate: depresses the pedal, unlock the pedal and release the mechanism
depending on model.
-release: pulls the lever on the dashboard the pedal further to release the
mechanism

*Parking Brake-proper
-arrangement can be combined type
-rear service brakes are used by the parking brake mechanism
-an independent type, in which dedicated parking brakes are fitted independently of
the service brakes
-utilizes dedicated parking drum brakes that are fitted inside the disc hubs of the
vehicle's rear disc brakes

OPERATION FLOW
~when brake pedal is depres
^push rod transmit the pedal force-brake booster (boosts the force)-piston in the
master cylinder.
-from master cylinder(pressure is transmitted)-wheel brakes via fluid-filled brake
lines.
~in disc arrangement
^pressure acts upon pistons in the brake calipers causing the pistons to press pads
against the discs.

~parking brake leverpulled in a vehicle with disc brakes

^cables transmit the pulling force to the rear brake calipers mechanically, causing
the pistons to press the pads against the disc

BRAKE FLUID CHARACTERISTIC

-used in the hydaulic circuits of brake and clutch systems.
-non mineral substance
~when brake pedal depressed
-vapor is compressed without transmitting the pedal force to the brakes
-as a result, the brakes stop functioning.
-preventing this vapor locking is used.
-must have a high boiling point
*Low viscosity
-must flow smoothly
*Compatibility with rubber and metal components
-must have a chemical composition that does not attack the rubber and metal
components used in the brake system
Characteristic
-highly hygroscopic, absorbs moisture from the atmosphere.
-makes the system prone from vapor locking

HEATER CONTROL SYSTEM

Components
-heater unit
-blower unit
-heater control panel
*Heater Unit
-heater core and a set of dampers
-heater valve is operated in combination with air-mix damper
-controls the amount of coolant flow

*Blower Unit
-houses a blowe fan
-where the recirculation control damper