ANOTASI MATERI BAHASA INGGRIS TINGKAT 2

NAMA : Suci Aulia

NIM : 1608824
KELAS : 2C
MATERI :
1. Simple Present
2. Present Perfect
3. Present Continous
4. Simple Past
5. Past Continous
6. Simple Future
7. Simple Past Future

NO TOPICS DESCRIPTIONS PAGES SOURCES

.
1. Simple 1. The simple present tense is used to talk about facts or thing that are generally true. 201 Davidson, G. (2003).
Present Ex: Mr Jones owns a chemist’s shop Verb and Tenses.
Two and two is four Singapore:
Cows and horses eat grass Learners Pub.
2. The simple present tense is also used to talk about repeated action
Ex: Mary Practises on the piano for an hour every evening
Boby plays football on saturrday
Simple Present: anaysis 16-18 Aitken, R. (2002).
Teaching Tenses:
Ideas for
Presenting and
Practising Tenses
in English.
Edinburgh: ELB
Pubhlising.

How do I make simple present?

1. If the subject is I, you, we, or they, use the simple form of the verb. 17 Uchiyama, K. (2006).
Examples: English Verb
I go to bed at 11:00. Tense, Reference
You go to bed at 11:00. for ESL Students.
We go to bed at 11:00.
George and Gracie (they) go to bed at 11:00.
I usually walk to the store.
2. If the subject is he, she, or it, add -s or -es to the simple form of the verb.
Examples:
Ralph (he) goes to bed at 11:00.
Alice (she) goes to bed at 11:00.
Carmen’s pet elephant (it) goes to bed at 11:00.
Ahmed usually walks to the store.
 3. Negative Statements
do/does + not + simple form.
Examples:
Americans usually do not eat soup for breakfast.
I usually don’t buy lunch on Thursdays.
John does not play tennis.
Ralph often doesn’t drive to work.
4. Questions
(Question word) + do + subject + simple form
Examples:
Does your pet gorilla bite?
Do you buy your groceries at Alberstons?
What do Norton and Trixie usually do on weekends?
Where does Alice buy her groceries?
Meaning and Function: 18 Aitken, R. (2002).
1. The tenses is used to denote truths Teaching Tenses:
a. Habitual truths: he smoke 40 cigarettes a day Ideas for
b. Eernal and unvarying truths: Jesus lives. The koran says.. Presenting and
c. Recurrents truths: the sun rises in the east Practising Tenses
d. Permanent human truths: i like sweets in English.
e. General truths: english people drinks a lot of tea Edinburgh: ELB
f. Matematical and scientific truths: two and two make four Pubhlising.
2. It is used for giving intructions, direcions or demontrations
3. The present simple is often used as a narrative device
4. Is Describing feeling and senses
5. With a future time marker the tense give a timetable future
6. After when, to form a time clause
2. Present Present perfect analysis: Aitken, R. (2002).
Perfect 22 Teaching Tenses:
Ideas for
Presenting and
Practising Tenses
in English.
Edinburgh: ELB
Pubhlising.
The main use of the present perfect tense are:
1. To refer to actions which started in the past and which are still going on a he time of
speaking or which could go on after the time of speaking. 211- Davidson, G. (2003).
2. To refer to actions which happened in the past but which still affect the situation in the 213 Verb and Tenses.
present. Singapore:
3. To refer to actions which took place at some unspecified time in the past. Learners Pub.
Ex:
1. I have lived in Edinburgh for more than twenty years. (= i still live there)
2. She has been a member of the choir for a long time. (= she still is a member)
The present perfect tense can be used instead of the simple present tense after conjunctions such as
if, when, as soon as, before, and until to refer to the future:
In many cases, there is little difference in meaning between the two tenses, though the perfect tense
emphasizes that one thing will happen , or has o happen , before the next one does:
Ex:
1. If i manage to talk to john at the meeting, i’ll call you and tell you what he says.
If i;ve managed to talk to john at the meeting, i’ll call you and tell you what he said.
 2. You’ll sit there until you apologize.
You’ll sit there until you’ve apologize
The present perfect tense (usually with the adverb ever ) is often used along with superlative
adjectives (such as best, worst, biggest, smallest,etc) and also with first, second, third,etc.
Ex:
1. That’s the biggest potato i’ve ever seen!
2. She is the most intelligent person i’ve met.
3. You must be the worst teacher this school has ever employed

3. Present 28 Aitken, R. (2002).

Continous Teaching Tenses:
Ideas for
Presenting and
Practising Tenses
in English.
Edinburgh: ELB
Pubhlising.

The present perfect coninous tense is mainly used:

1. To emphasize that some action that started in the past is not over yet; or
2. To describe an action in the past that has been going on for some time or that just finished
Ex:
1. They have been playing football for hours. (and they are still playing OR the have just
stopped playing) 215
2. Where can james be? I have been waiting for him for ages.(and i am still waiting)
3. What kept you ? i have been waiting for you for ages. (but you are here now, so the waiting Davidson, G. (2003).
 has just finished) Verb and Tenses.
With many verbs, there is little or no difference in meaning between the continuous tense and the Singapore:
non continuous tense: Learners Pub.
Ex:
- I have lived here for twenty years
I have been living here for twenty years
- It has rained all week
- I has een raining all week
4. Simple Simple past tense analysis 34 Aitken, R. (2002).
Past Teaching Tenses:
Tense Ideas for
Presenting and
Practising Tenses
in English.
Edinburgh: ELB
Pubhlising.

The main uses of the simple past tense are:

1. While, on the other hand, the simple past tense refers to actions that have stopped before the
the present time. 211 Davidson, G. (2003).
2. While the simple past tense refer to actions that have happened in the past but have no close Verb and Tenses.
connection with the present. Singapore:
3. While the simple past tense refers to actions which took place at definite time in the past. Learners Pub.
Ex:
1. She was a member of the choir for a long time.(= she is no longer a member)
 2. I lost my pen yesterday. (= this does not make clear whether the pan is still lost or wether it
has been found)
5. Past Past continous analysis 39 Aitken, R. (2002).
Continous Teaching Tenses:
Ideas for
Presenting and
Practising Tenses
in English.
Edinburgh: ELB
Pubhlising.

The past continous tense is used to describe actions in the past that continue for some time and do
not have a stated or known begining or end. For example, it is used in descriptions of the 209 Davidson, G. (2003).
background siuation, of what was going on , when some other action or even took place. Verb and Tenses.
Ex: Singapore: Learners Pub.
1. It was raining hevly (=siuation) when we got to the bus stop (=action/event)
2. We were waiting for the bus by the side of the road (=situation) when a car drove past
(=action) and splashed us (= hat happened)

6. Simple What does simple future tense mean: 59-61 Uchiyama, K. (2006).
Future Future tense is pretty straightforward; it means that the action will happen English Verb
in the future, in other words, sometime after this moment. Like simple past, it Tense, Reference
can be used for actions that will for ESL Students.
• happen quickly,
• happen over time, or
• happen repeatedly.
Examples:
1. John’ll be here in a second or two.
2. Tomorrow, Milton will apply for a job at beautiful Chabot College.
3. Norton is probably going to study his math homework for a few hours at the library. (There
action will happen in the future.)

How do I make future tense:

The future tense can be made two ways
a) with will
b) with be going to.

Statements
1. Statements using will
will + simple form
Examples:
John will do his homework after he eats dinner.
I’ll call you tomorrow.
The beatings will continue until morale improves.
2. Statements using be going to
am/is/are going to + simple form
Examples:
John is going to do his homework after he eats dinner.
I’m going to call you tomorrow.
The beatings are going to continue until morale improves.

Negative statements
1. Negative statements using will
will + not + simple form
Examples:
Wayne won’t go to the party because he needs to finish the homework for Basic Stuff about Future
Tense
his Chinese class.
I will not marry you, Beauregard!
Fred and Barney won’t attend the lodge meeting tomorrow.
 2. Negative statements using be going to
am/is/are + not going to + simple form
Examples:
Wayne isn’t going to go to the party because he needs to finish the homework for his Chinese class.
I am not going to marry you, Beauregard!
Fred and Barney aren’t going to attend the lodge meeting tomorrow.

Questions
1. Questions using will
(question word) + will + subject + simple form
Examples:
Will you be in class tomorrow?
“When will I find the love of my dreams?” sighed Snow White.
Who will Mortimer ask to the prom?
2. Questions using be going to:
(question word) + am/is/are + subject + going to + simple form
Examples:
Are you going to be in class tomorrow?
“When am I going to find the love of my dreams?” sighed Snow White.
Who is Mortimer going to ask to the prom?

7. Simple Future plans that were made in the past 68 Uchiyama, K. (2006).
Past If we’re talking about a plan that someone made in the past, then it’s best to English Verb
Future use be going to. Tense, Reference
for ESL Students.
Example:
Fred: Got any plans for spring break?
Barney: Yeah, Fred. I will I’m going to paint my house. (Will sounds wrong because Barney is
obviously talking about a plan that he made in the past.)

However, it’s often hard to know whether a sentence is a prediction or

whether it’s explaining a plan. In these cases, either will or be going to usually
sounds okay.

Example:
Fred and Ethyl have a lot planned for their vacation! First, they’re going to drive down to LA and
visit Disneyland for three days; then they’re going to head east and visit the Grand Canyon. On
 their way home, they’re going to stop at Yosemite National Park. Or :

Fred and Ethyl have a lot planned for their vacation! First, they’ll drive down to LA and visit
Disneyland for three days; then they’ll head east and visit the Grand Canyon. On their way home,
they’ll stop at Yosemite National Park. Or even:

Fred and Ethyl have a lot planned for their vacation! First, they’ll drive down to LA and visit
Disneyland for three days; then they’re going to head east and visit the Grand Canyon. On their
way home, they’ll stop at Yosemite National Park.
That’s starting to get a little confusing, If you wantto be safe, remember that be going to always
sounds okay both for predictions and for plans, so if you’re not sure, it’s a very safe bet.

REFERENSI

Aitken, R. (2002). Teaching Tenses: Ideas for Presenting and Practising Tenses in English. Edinburgh: ELB Pubhlising.
Davidson, G. (2003). Verb and Tenses. Singapore: Learners Pub.
Uchiyama, K. (2006). English Verb Tense, Reference for ESL Students.