PIA ENGINEERING

PIA INTERNSHIP REPORT

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Submitted by : Hussain Safdar (BS Electronics)

Sir Syed University Of Engineering & Technology

Submitted to: Sir Shahid (Aircraft Engineer)

PIA HR Department

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Preface
This report credentials the learning experience during the
summer internship at Pakistan International Airlines Corporation
(PIAC), Karachi under the supervision of different well
experienced aircraft engineers. My learning experience with PIA
begins with my joining from 29-05-19. It consisted of 4 weeks,
spending each week in different engineering departments of
PIA. This report comprises on all of my learning in PIA, which
was established in 2002 and started its operations in Pakistan.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my university who
provided me the opportunity of Internship in PIA, My parents who
guided me and help me to answer & avail the opportunity Furthermore, I
would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role
of the staff of HR (HRA&C), who gave the permission to visit all
engineering departments. Their primary aim is to facilitate the best as
they can to the students. Last but not the least I also appreciate the
guidance given by other supervisor as well as the panel in my Internship
Program that helped me to improve my skills, capabilities and
competencies, thanks to their
Comment and advices.

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INTRODUCTION:
Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) was formed in 1955. It is
the flag carrier airline of Pakistan.

Main Bases:
1) Jinnah International Airport, Karachi
2) Allama Iqbal International Airport, Lahore
3) Islamabad International Airport, Islamabad/Rawalpindi.

Secondary Bases:
1) Peshawar International Airport
2) Faisalabad International Airport
3) Quetta International Airport
4) Multan International Airport, from which it connects the
metropolitan cities with the main bases, the Middle East
and the Far East.

The airline is owned by the Government of Pakistan (87%) and

other shareholders (13%).

PIA Engineering is an established Aircraft Maintenance and

Repair organization that provides world-class solutions to the
aviation industry. PIA's Engineering Base, head-quartered at
Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, is acclaimed as one of
Asia's best.

Old Name of PIA: Orient Airways

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History:
Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) began when Pakistan was not an
independent state. In 1946 Muhammad Ali Jinnah realized the need for
an airline network and called upon the help of an industrialist Mirza
Ahmed Ispahani to develop a flag carrier for the nation. Meanwhile an
airline called “Orient Airways” registered in Calcutta was formed on 23
October 1946.

In February 1947, the airline brought three DC-3 airplanes from a

company in Texas, and in May of that year the airline was granted a
license to fly. Services were started in June from Kolkata to Sittwe and
Yangon.

This was the first post-war airline flight by a South Asian registered
airline company. Two months after this, Pakistan was formed. Orient
Airways began relief flights to the new nation and soon after, it moved
its operations to Karachi and began flights to Dhaka on 7 June 1954. In
addition, the first two domestic routes in Pakistan were established
from Karachi to Lahore, Peshawar, and Karachi to Quetta to Lahore.

On 11 March 1955, Orient Airways merged with the government’s

proposed airlines, becoming ‘Pakistan International Airlines
Corporation’.

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INTRODUCTION TO DEPARTMENTS

PIA has been divided into the following departments:-

 Human Resource/personnel
 Finance
 Marketing
 Engineering
 Flight Operations
 Airport Services
 Cargo Sales & Services
 Information technology

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ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

This department takes care of planning, base/line maintenance and

overhauling of whole of the PIA’s fleet. To keep pace with the new
technology, it has a special branch named as “Development
Engineering” to meet the future challenges in the sphere of avionics.
Following are its further subdivisions:

 Planning and Project Division

 Quality Assurance Division

 Avionics and overhaul Division

 Base Maintenance Division

 Line Maintenance Division

 Development Engineering Division

 Power Plant Division

 Resource Management Division

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Primary Controls of the Aircraft

Ailerons, Rudders, Elevators

Secondary Controls of the Aircraft

Flaps, Spoilers, slat.

Six main flight instruments

1) Air speed indicator 4) Turn coordinator

2) Attitude indicator 5) Heading indicator
3) Altimeter 6) Vertical speed indicator

Emergency locator transmitter: (ELT)

ELT are mounted in the airplane, and design to be triggered upon
certain impact or may be manually activated using switch and control
panel indicator in the cockpit.
ELT triggers an audio alert and 406 MHz ELT’s transmit GPS position for
search and rescue. ELT can transmit the signal up to 48 hours.

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Angle of Attack (AOA):

Angle of Attack Sensors are used to sense the angle of Flight. It tells at
what angle the aircraft is flying with. It is very necessary to get know
the Aircraft’s Angle while flying, since if safety Angle of Flight [ that is
16 Degree ] is not maintained , Aircraft can Stall. This angle can be
displayed on the attitude indicator.

Weather Radar:
Weather radar is an excellent tool on aircraft used to avoid dangerous
clouds; typically it is located in the nose of the aircrafts. Signals from
the antenna are processed by a computer and presented on a screen
which may be viewed by the pilots.

*Green: light precipitation

*Yellow (or amber): medium precipitation
*Red: heavy precipitation
*Magenta: Extremely high precipitation

Range: 80miles.

Aircraft Emergency Oxygen Systems:

Air masks are emergency equipment fitted to pressurized
commercial aircraft, intended for use when the cabin
pressurization system has failed and the cabin altitude has climbed
above a safe level.

How long does oxygen mask last on a plane?

Your oxygen will last only about 15 minutes. Passenger oxygen masks
typically provide enough air to last 12 to 20 minutes. However, this is

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usually plenty of time for the pilot to get the plane to a safe altitude
where masks aren't needed anymore.

Aircraft Maintenance Checks:

Aircraft maintenance checks are periodic inspections that have to be
done on all commercial/civil aircraft after a certain amount of time or
usage. A check, B check, C check, or D check. A and B checks are lighter
checks, while C and D are considered heavier checks.

Certificate of Release to Service:

A statement signed by a Licensed Aircraft Engineer (LAE), with the

appropriate certifying approvals, which asserts that the aircraft is
airworthy to the degree appropriate for safe flight.

The Certificate of Release to Service (CRS) must therefore be issued

before flight at the completion of any maintenance.

Maintenance in aircraft :

The term ' maintenance ' is used for any combination of

overhaul, repair, inspection, replacement, modification or
defect rectification of an aircraft or component, with the
exception of the pre-flight inspection.

Forces of Flight:
1) Lift 3) Thrust
2) Weight 4) drag

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On board documents:
1. Two Certificates
o Certificate of Airworthiness
o Certificate of Registration
2. Two Books
o Journey Log
o Pilot (Aircraft) Operating Handbook (POH)
3. Two Sets of Licenses
o Pilot License (Including Medical)
o Radio Operator's License
4. Two Papers
o Interception Signals
o Weight and Balance Report

Proof of Insurance
 Privately registered aircraft must carry proof of liability on board.

Instrument landing system:

Instrumental Landing System or ILS is a magic. It has two sub systems

1) Glideslope it helps the aircraft to maintain exact altitude as

required for the landing.

2) Localizer it adjusts the horizontal position of the aircraft with

respect to the foot of the runway. Glideslope and localizer work
together to get the aircraft in the right altitude and in the right
position when the aircraft reaches the runway.

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PIA’S Fleet:
40 planes

Boeing 777 (09)

Boeing 777-240ER (04)

Boeing 777-240LR (02)

Boeing 777-340ER (03)

Boeing 747 (06)

Boeing 737 (06)

Airbus A310 (12)

ATR42-500 (07)

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WHATS HAS AN INTERNEE LEARNT?

As an internee PIAC was a great experience for me who not only

provided me an opportunity to observe difference between theory and
practice. This experience also broadened my vision and confidence.

As an internee I spent good time in learning and was rewarded for my

best efforts, learnt to deal with different situations, had experience of
organization’s working environment which affects an employee
performance and attitude towards work, had good time in learning.
Confidence, on time decision making, consistency, hard work, team
work, seeking success out of dark, innovation, creativity, organizational
survival and customer handling techniques are the key learning’s out of
my job And I would like to say that it will be one of my best skill that
would remain with me and help me in the coming life which offer many
challenges. The behavior of a government organization is totally
different when it comes to profitability and existence. I learnt the deep-
rooted causes of PIA’s financial losses. Its main reason is the
government obligations on its flight schedules which are un-profitable
for the company and the un-necessary government intervention in its
ownership and operations. It seems that whatever PIA is earning it is
just sufficient for fulfilling the demands of PIA’s owners. I would like to
highlight this, that my experience with PIA was very memorable and full
of learning’s, where I found a lot of positive changes in my attitude,
learning and behavior.

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CONCLUSION

Internship at PIA was a great experience for us. We had a first time
Industrial exposure of Electronics and Electrical Components. Here at
PIA ENGINEERING we spent 2 weeks at different shops namely
Instrument Shop, Electrical Shop & Radio shop. We came to know
about Aircraft Industry and gained a lot of knowledge of Aircrafts, their
Maintenance and Repairing of their Delicate Components. Each shop is
subdivided into groups and we were appointed in each group for 2 to 3
days. Where we experienced the professional working environment.
Working under very professionals and High Tech Engineers there, we
got answers to many of our questions and queries regarding our field of
Electronics. Since we didn’t have the Manufacturing Area Exposure
there at PIA Engineering, we observed the Repairing, Maintenance and
Troubleshooting of many Aircraft Components there. We feel our self
very fortunate to have an opportunity to do Internship at PIA as we had
an exposure of highly precise, very expensive and high tech
instruments.

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