Drilling and Production

Drilling and Production
Lecturer: Mohd Amin Shoushtari

Office: 14-03-29
Contact: aminutp@yahoo.com
PCB 1052
INTRODUCTION TO THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY &
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
DRILLING AND PRODUCING WELL

DRILLING A WELL
A production well is drilled with a

drilling rig located on the production
platform or with a rig close to
platform and production equipment.
2
DRILLING PROCEDURE
 Well is drilled in several stages.
 Normally starts with drilling a hole of 30 to 36 inches diameters
(76 - 91 cm) down to a depth of 150 to 250 m.
 A steel pipe called casing is lowered into the well and cemented
to the wall.
 After the cement has hardened, drilling is resumed with a smaller
drill bit.
 At a certain depth the drilling is stopped and another string of
casing is set and cemented.
 This procedure will be repeated for each string until the well has
reached the depth of the reservoir.
 Number of casing strings may vary from well to well depending
on well depth and formations. 3
Fig: Assembly of drillstring 4
Drill String Components
Drill bit: is a cutting tool used to create cylindrical

holes. Rotary table from rotating system
will rotate the Kelly pipe, drill pipe and bit.
Rotating the bit provides an axial force to
create the hole.
Kelly: is a primary link between the drilling rig’s

surface equipment and the bit. Kellys are
manufactured with either square or
hexagonal cross-sections. API kellys come in
two standard lengths: 40 ft and 54 ft.
5
Drill Pipe: is a steel pipe available in three length
ranges: Range 1 (18 to 22 ft), Range 2 (27
to 30 ft) and Range 3 (38 to 45 ft).
Range 2 is the most commonly used one.
Outside diameter (inches) Nominal weights (lb/ft)

2 7/8 10.40
3 1/2 9.50
4 14.00
4 1/2 13.75
5 16.25
5 1/2 21.90
6 5/8 25.20
6
Drill Collar: is a steel pipe thicker than drill pipe. It is

used to provide additional weight to the
bit and optimize drilling rates. Length
ranges Range 2 (30, 31 ft) and Range 3
(42, 431/2 ft).
Casing: is a steel pipe used during the drilling
of a well.
Conductor Casing ,Surface Casing,
Intermediate Casing, Production

Casing
7
CASING SIZES
 Available Casing Sizes :

36 in. OD
30 in. OD
24 in. OD, 20 in. OD
13 3/8 in. OD, 10 ¾ in. OD
9 5/8 in, OD, 7 ½ in. OD
5 ½ in. OD
4 ½ in. OD
4 in. OD
Where OD is Outside Diameter.
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9
10
11
12
13
14
15
TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
For most offshore wells, the types of rig
required will fall into one of three groups
 Jack-ups – where the water depth is less than

100m
 Semi-Submersibles – in hostile waters too rough
for Drill Ship and depths over 100m
 Drill Ships – in calm waters with depths over
100m
16
Jack-up Rig
17
Jack-up Rig
 Jack-ups are used for most of the offshore exploration
drilling world-wide.
 Jack-up has a floating hull with retractable legs which can

be jacked down to the sea bed. Hull can be lifted until it is
clear off the sea surface. The legs support the hull.
 In shallow and relatively calm waters the Jack up has the

advantage of being able to leave a free standing well with
a surface completion once it is finished.
18
Semi-submersible Rig
19
Semi-submersible Rig
 Semi-Submersibles are used mostly in the range of

water depths from 100-600 m.
 This rig is not bottom-supported, but it is designed to

float and it can operate in water depths of up to 3000 ft.
 In areas where water depths exceed 100m and heavy

weather can be expected, then semi-submersibles must
be used.
20
Drill Ship
21
Drill Ship
 Drill ships are used to drill the well in deep water ( up to
7000 ft ).
 It is most suited in calmer waters and less harsh

environment.
 It can move between locations at high speed compared to

semi-submersible rigs.
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TYPES OF LAND RIG
Land Rig
23
LAND RIGS
Land rigs
Conventional rigs
Small land rigs

Medium land rigs
Large land rigs
Mobile rigs
Portable mast
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DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS
Rotary Rig Component
25
Rotary Rig Component
26
Three systems
(1) Hoisting system
(2) Circulating system
(3) Rotary system

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(1) Hoisting system
A large pulley system which is used to run and

pull equipment into and out of the well. Main
component is a draw-work which consists of a
clutch, gear and brake.
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(2) Circulating system
It is a system used to circulate drilling fluid down

and up the drilling string. Main functions of the
system are
 To remove drilled cuttings from the borehole
 To exert a hydrostatic pressure to prevent
formation fluid entering the borehole.
Drilling fluid is used as a circulation fluid (water +
bentonite + weighting material + chemicals).
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(3) Rotary system
The system is used to rotate the drilling string

and to rotate the drill bit on the bottom of the
hole.
The system includes rotary table and kelly

which is a rectangular-shaped pipe placed in
the rotary table.
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SYSTEMS
HOISTING SYSTEM
31
One major component system of rotary drilling rig
To support the rotating system in „drilling the well‟ by

providing the appropriate equipment and working areas needed
for lifting, lowering and suspending the tremendous weights
Hoisting equipment used to lift, lower and suspend the drilling

stem
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 Draw works
Overhead tools ( crown block, travelling

block, hook, elevator )
Drilling line
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Drawworks: Specialized heavy-duty hoisting winch
Crown block: An assembly of pulleys called “sheaves”
Travelling block: An arrangement of sheaves
Hook: A large hook-shaped device
Elevators: An extremely rugged, heavy duty clamps
Drilling line: A heavy-duty wire rope

34
35
SYSTEMS
CIRCULATING SYSTEM
36
CIRCULATING SYSTEM
37
Components in Circulating system
1. Mud Pumps: remove large volume of

drilling fluid under high pressure
2. Shale shaker: removes drill cuttings
from the drilling fluid
3. Desander: removes granular waste from
drilling fluid
4. Desilter: removes fine particles from
drilling fluid
5. Degasser: removes entrained gases
from drilling fluid. 38
DRILLING MUD CIRCULATING SYSTEM
39
SYSTEMS
ROTARY SYSTEM
40
Rotary System
Drive System
Top Drive System Kelly and Rotary Drive System 41

Rotary System
Major components of rotary system –
O Rotary table with Kelly
O Top Drive System
42
DRILL BITS
Drill Bits
43
DRILL BITS
Types of Drill Bits
44
DRILL BITS
Types of Drill Bits
45
DRILL BITS
Two basic categories:
1. Roller cutter bit (also known as roller cone bit)
- consists of cutting elements arranged on

cones (usually 3 cones) that rotate on bearings
about their own axis as the drill string turns the
body of the bit.
46
DRILL BITS
2. Fixed cutter bit (also known as drag bit)
- consists of stationary cutting elements and is

rotated directly by the turning of the drill string.
47
DRILLING OPERATION
DRILLING OPERATION
48
49
50
51
52
53
CEMENTING
CEMENTING
54
CEMENTING
55
DRILLING SEQUENCE
DRILLING SEQUENCE
56
DRILLING SEQUENCE
 Typical sequence of operation

 Rig up
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DRILLING SEQUENCE
 Typical sequence of operation
 Rig up
 Drill surface hole
58
DRILLING SEQUENCE
 Rig up
 Run & set surface casing
59
DRILLING SEQUENCE
 Rig up
 Cement surface casing
60
DRILLING SEQUENCE
 Rig up
 Drill intermediate hole
61
DRILLING SEQUENCE
 Rig up
 Run & set intermediate casing
62
DRILLING SEQUENCE

 Rig up
 Cement intermediate casing
63
DRILLING SEQUENCE

 Rig up
 Drill production hole

64
DRILLING SEQUENCE
 Rig up
 Cement production casing

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DRILLING SEQUENCE
 Rig up
66
DRILLING SEQUENCE
 Rig up
 Run & set liner
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DRILLING SEQUENCE
 Rig up
 Run & set liner
 Cement liner
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 A string of tubing is set
from the producing
zones to the surface/
wellhead
 Communicate reservoir
to surface
 Provide conduit for fluid reservoir reservoir

to flow to the surface
 Control the flow of fluid

reservoir reservoir
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Two wells in
one Conductor
Requires special
wellhead and x- mas
tree arrangement
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TYPES OF SEPARATOR
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Christmas- tree and Wellhead
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UNITS of Oil and Gas Flow Rate
Oil Flow Rate: bbl/day

(barrels/day)
Gas Flow Rate: MMSCFD
(Million Standard Cubic Feet/day)
1M = 1000 standard cubic feet

75

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Drilling and Production

Lecturer: Mohd Amin Shoushtari

DRILLING AND PRODUCING WELL

A production well is drilled with a

Drill bit: is a cutting tool used to create cylindrical

Kelly: is a primary link between the drilling rig’s

Outside diameter (inches) Nominal weights (lb/ft)

Drill Collar: is a steel pipe thicker than drill pipe. It is

Conductor Casing ,Surface Casing,

Intermediate Casing, Production

 Available Casing Sizes :

 Jack-ups – where the water depth is less than

 Jack-up has a floating hull with retractable legs which can

 In shallow and relatively calm waters the Jack up has the

 Semi-Submersibles are used mostly in the range of

 This rig is not bottom-supported, but it is designed to

 In areas where water depths exceed 100m and heavy

 It is most suited in calmer waters and less harsh

 It can move between locations at high speed compared to

Small land rigs

Rotary Rig Component

Rotary Rig Component

(1) Hoisting system

(2) Circulating system

(3) Rotary system

(1) Hoisting system

A large pulley system which is used to run and

(2) Circulating system

It is a system used to circulate drilling fluid down

(3) Rotary system

The system is used to rotate the drilling string

The system includes rotary table and kelly

To support the rotating system in „drilling the well‟ by

Hoisting equipment used to lift, lower and suspend the drilling

Overhead tools ( crown block, travelling

Crown block: An assembly of pulleys called “sheaves”

Travelling block: An arrangement of sheaves

Hook: A large hook-shaped device

Elevators: An extremely rugged, heavy duty clamps

Drilling line: A heavy-duty wire rope

1. Mud Pumps: remove large volume of

Top Drive System Kelly and Rotary Drive System 41

Major components of rotary system –

O Rotary table with Kelly

O Top Drive System

1. Roller cutter bit (also known as roller cone bit)

- consists of cutting elements arranged on

2. Fixed cutter bit (also known as drag bit)

- consists of stationary cutting elements and is

 Typical sequence of operation

 Drill surface hole

 Typical sequence of operation

 Drill surface hole

 Run & set surface casing

 Typical sequence of operation

 Drill surface hole

 Run & set surface casing

 Cement surface casing

 Typical sequence of operation

 Drill surface hole

 Run & set surface casing

 Cement surface casing

 Drill intermediate hole

 Typical sequence of operation