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PROCESS
By
Archana D Khandar
(Roll No.)
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
D.K.V ARTS AND SCIENCE COLEEGE
SURASTRA UNIVERSITY
JAMNAGAR
April-2016
PREFACE
An industrial visit, at this level of B.sc (CHEMISTRY) has played a vital role for widening our
knowledge and providing experience. Also it has provided a great chance of being familiar with
industry.
For this visit, I have chosen DESALINATION process of ULTRATECH CEMENT PLANT
(NALIYA, KUTCH) for getting experienced with theoretical and practical knowledge related to
chemistry.
This visit report is a short review of advancement in desalination technology which has gained an
alternative for meeting the challenges of global water crises.
DESALINATION PLANT of here is one of these units, which has developed a great technology
and has successfully established many advanced processes as per international standards.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am very much pleased to present this industrial project before you and I expect that you will
acknowledge it. I am thankful to our college and the University for providing the opportunity of
industrial visit project.
I express my gratitude to the teachers..............for providing a valuable guidance.
I am even thankful to the staff and the department of chemistry of DKV Science College, for their
precious support.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The desalination plant is a successful unit for solving out the water problems which the world is
facing nowadays. It has some important objectives as follows:
1. Converts salty water into drinkable water by removing salts and other solids from
seawater or brackish water.
2. Allows large scale treatment of water.
3. Meets or exceeds standards for water qualities.
Thus, it can be concluded that desalination processes helps in solving the chemical problems in
environment and also satisfying the water problems going around the world.
INTRODUCTION
Water treatment is an engineering practice based on chemical principles and dependent upon
chemical analysis for control. Many useless proprietary gad gets have been promoted due to
difference in the language of an engineer and a chemist. Water conditioning in easiest terms means
“Intentional Shifting of equilibrium of chemical reaction to alter the properties of the solution".
We know that Natural water contains dissolved as well as undissolved impurities. These impurities
are undesirable in many industrial application. Thus if this water is to be treated an analysis of
water has to be done. Analysis of water is done not only for designing a water treatment plant but
also for control and as well conditioning after treatment. Raw water analysis is divided into parts
– Physical and chemical.
Physical parameters: pH
Turbidity
Total suspended solids
Conductivity
Colour
Sedimentation:
Sedimentation or settling is a process used to separate
the settable suspended solids from water by gravity.
Sedimentation can be plain or aided by coagulants &
flocculent. Sedimentation is also done after chemical
treatment to remove settable solids that have been
rendered more settable by addition of coagulants to
remove organic, colour and turbidity.
Filteration:
Filtration is a process of removing suspended impurities
and turbidity from water. It is used to remove suspended
impurities which may be present initially or as a result of
coagulation or precipitation process. There are various
type of filters but one most used in conjunction with ion
Exchange treatment is Pressure Sand Filter.
Chlorination:
Chlorine is a chemical which has wide application in water
and waste water treatment.The reason is that chlorine is
very powerful oxidant and hence finds application in many
major water removal process.
Chlorine is used for
1. disinfecting water
2. for ammonia removal
3. colour reduction
4. for microorganism control
5. Taste & odour control
6. In iron & Mangnese removal
7. H2S Removal
8. Destruction of organic matter
As a disinfectant:
Sedimentation, coagulation and filtration are efficient in
removing bacterias but the finished water may still contain
pathogenic organism which needs to be destroyed before
water is taken for use. Sterilization which means the total
destruction of all living things in water is not normally
practiced because of huge requirements of chemicals.
Sterilization is usually done by boiling for special use.
Disinfection which means the destruction of pathogenic
bacterias is more commonly employed.
Chlorine and its compound, u.v., boiling, silver ionization
etc are the methods used to ensure that pathogens are
kept at a safe level.The choice of disinfectant depends on
the following characteristics:
Softening:
Softening is a process of removing Calcium and
Magnesium ions from water. Calcium and Magnesium are
the hardness forming constituent of water. This process is
also known as base exchange softening.
TREATMENT SCHEME
The entire plant premises consists of four sections as
mentioned below :
• Pretreament System
• Reverse Osmosis System
• Chemical Dosing System
• Sludge Dewatering System
Pretreatment Water System:
Consists of the following equipments:
Stilling Chamber
Parshall Flumer
Flash Mixer
Flocculator
Lamella Clarifier
Rapid Gravity Filters(RGF)
Chemical Dosage