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World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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THE LITTLE DATA BOOK ON GENDER 2011
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Copyright © 2011 by the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK
1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20433
U.S.A.
ISBN: 978-0-8213-8881-5
eISBN: 978-0-8213-8882-2
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8881-5
SKU: 18881
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Data notes
Regional tables
World
East Asia and Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
Middle East and North Africa
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
Euro area
High income
Notes
Glossary
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Acknowledgments
The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 is a collaborative effort between the Development Data
Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Gender and Development
Group of the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network.
The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 was prepared by Sulekha Patel, William Prince, Shota
Hatakeyama, and Masako Hiraga of the Development Data Group and Nistha Sinha and
Hippolyte Fofack of the Gender and Development Group. The introduction was written by
Stephen McGroarty, with inputs from Nistha Sinha. Production of the book was coordinated by
Azita Amjadi and Alison Kwong. The book was typeset by Jomo Tariku. The work was
carried out under the management of Shaida Badiee and Pierella Paci. Staff from External
Affairs oversaw publication and dissemination of the book.
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Introduction
The Little Data Book on Gender 2011 is a quick reference for users interested in gender
statistics. It presents gender-disaggregated data for more than 200 countries in a
straightforward, country-by-country reference on demography, education, health, labor force,
political participation, and the Millennium Development Goals. Summary pages that cover
regional and income group aggregates are also included.
This second issue of The Little Data Book on Gender coincides with the launch of the World
Development Report 2012, the Bank’s annual flagship publication. This year’s report looks at
the facts and trends surrounding the various dimensions of gender equality in the context of the
development process: although many women around the world continue to struggle with
gender-based disadvantages, much has changed for the better and at a more rapid pace than
ever before. But that progress needs to be expanded, proctected, and deepened. While
development has closed some gender gaps, other gaps persist, including excess deaths of girls
and women, disparities in girls’ schooling, unequal access to economic opportunities, and
difference in voice in households and society. The report argues that gender equality can
enhance productivity, improve development outcomes for the next generation, and make
insitutions more representative. For more information about this landmark report, visit
www.worldbank.org/wdr2012.
As part of its strategy to provide content when, where, and how users want it, the World Bank
now offers two new electronic products on gender. The World Development Report 2012
mobile application for the iPadTM allows users to browse and search the report by key
message, keyword, topic, region, and more. Overviews in multiple languages and other
relevant content round out the mobile application. Visit bit.ly/wdr2012app for more
information. And for those interested in mapping and graphing gender statistics, the new eAtlas
of Gender allows users to map and graph dozens of gender indicators over time and across
countries, and compare maps for two different indicators, countries, regions, or years. Visit
data.worldbank.org/atlas-gender.
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Data notes
The data in this book are for 1990, and 2009 or the most recent year unless otherwise noted in
the table or the Glossary.
• Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted.
• Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only.
• Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified.
Symbols used:
.. indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated
because of missing data.
0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the
displayed number of decimal places.
$ indicates current U.S. dollars.
Lettered notes on some country tables can be found in the Notes on page 233.
Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies
if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy)
does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to
any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics.
The selection of indicators in these pages includes some of those being used to monitor
progress toward the Millennium Development Goals. For more information about the eight
goals—halving poverty and increasing well-being by 2015—please see the other books in the
World Development Indicators 2011 family of products.
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Regional tables
The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may
differ from common geographic usage.
East Asia and Pacific
American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of
Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated
States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines,
Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Vietnam
South Asia
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central
African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of
Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-
Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe,
Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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World
Population (millions) 6,855.2 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 62,363.4 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 9,097
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 937 935
Life expectancy at birth (years) 67 63 71 67
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 93 105 105 109
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 45 54 67 69
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 28 26
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 75 86 87 89
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 79 88 87 92
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Population (millions) 1,956.9 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 7,224.3 $1.25 a day (%) 16.8
GNI per capita ($) 3,692
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 908 886
Life expectancy at birth (years) 68 65 74 71
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 115 123 113 111
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 37 46 78 74
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 25 23
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 97 105 98 96
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 92 97 99 99
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
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Population (millions) 408.2 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 2,944.8 $1.25 a day (%) 3.7
GNI per capita ($) 7,214
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 947 943
Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 64 75 66
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 99 98 99
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 84 86 88 91
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 61 50
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 92 93 94 96
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 98 99 99 99
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
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Population (millions) 578.0 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 4,509.7 $1.25 a day (%) 8.2
GNI per capita ($) 7,802
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 953 953
Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 65 77 71
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 113 114 115 119
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 57 56 93 86
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 44 34
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 85 84 102 101
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 92 91 97 97
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15-24) 13.9 9.8 17.9 11.7
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12 23
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Population (millions) 336.8 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 1,293.0 $1.25 a day(%) 3.6
GNI per capita ($) 3,839
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 951 950
Life expectancy at birth (years) 66 63 73 69
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 87 106 99 106
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 46 61 69 75
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 16 27 28
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 85 91
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 67 84 87 93
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South Asia
Population (millions) 590.7 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 1,929.8 $1.25 a day (%) 40.3
GNI per capita ($) 1,213
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 936 934
Life expectancy at birth (years) 58 58 66 63
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 42 29 13 9
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 74 98 107 113
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 27 47 51 58
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 9 13
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 52 75 84 87
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 47 71 72 85
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Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15-24) 8.2 8.2 11.5 10.3
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 6 20
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Sub-Saharan Africa
Population (millions) 861.6 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 1,003.6 $1.25 a day (%) 50.9
GNI per capita ($) 1,165
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 963 963
Life expectancy at birth (years) 52 48 54 51
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 65 78 96 104
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 19 25 32 40
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 5 8
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 47 57 63 71
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 58 73 67 77
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Income group tables
For operational and analytical purposes, the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying
economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Each economy in The Little Data Book
on Gender is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-
income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is
convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar
development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development.
Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status.
Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $1,005 or less in 2010.
Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $1,006 but less than
$12,275. Lower middle-income and upper middle-income economies are separated at a GNI
per capita of $3,975.
High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,276 or more.
Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European
Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak
Republic, Slovenia, and Spain.
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
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Low income
Population (millions) 816.8 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 416.8 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 510
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 964 965
Life expectancy at birth (years) 53 51 59 56
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 67 81 102 108
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 22 30 36 42
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 5 8
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 64 69
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 52 66 68 75
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.6 4.2
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Middle income
Population (millions) 915.5 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 18,504.2 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 3,764
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 930 925
Life expectancy at birth (years) 66 62 71 67
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 110 107 110
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 42 52 68 70
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 25 24
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 77 89 91 93
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 79 89 88 94
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.3 2.4
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Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 941 .. 940
Life expectancy at birth (years) 61 58 67 63
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 94 110 107 110
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 35 48 62 65
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 19 20
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 60 76 86 90
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 75 87 79 89
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.3 3.0
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Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 916 899
Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 66 75 70
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 109 112 109 112
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 67 68 92 88
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 47 38
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 94 101 100 100
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 93 94 99 99
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.6 1.9
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Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 936 934
Life expectancy at birth (years) 64 61 69 65
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 91 105 106 110
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 38 49 62 65
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 21 21
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 73 85 86 88
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 75 86 85 91
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.6 2.7
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World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Euro area
Population (millions) 331.6 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 12,792.9 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 38,580
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 946 946
Life expectancy at birth (years) 80 73 83 78
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 105 106
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 106 107
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 66 55
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 100 100 101 100
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.5 1.6
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High income
Population (millions) 123.0 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 43,411.3 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 38,657
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 947 949
Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 72 83 77
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 102 103 101 102
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 92 91 100 100
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 77 63
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 97 98
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 99 99
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8 1.7
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Country tables
China
Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao
SAR, China; or Taiwan, China.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Afghanistan
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 .. 943
Life expectancy at birth (years) 41 41 44 44
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 22 39 83 123
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 11 21 28 58
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 3 1 6
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 14 41 21 55
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
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Albania
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 935 935
Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 69 80 74
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 1 3
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 99 117 121
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 85 93 73 72
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 8 23 15
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 89 90
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 99
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Algeria
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 68 66 74 71
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 86 102 104 111
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 54 70 97 96
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 36 25
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 72 89 91 90
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 62 86 89 94
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American Samoa
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. ..
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 98 ..
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 91 ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 35 21
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
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Andorra
High income
Population (millions) 0.09 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 3.4 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 41,130
1990 2009
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Angola
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Argentina
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 15.6 11.5 24.7 18.8
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 6 39
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Armenia
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Aruba
High income
Population (millions) 0.11 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 11.0 12.9 22.9 24.1
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. ..
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Australia
High income
Population (millions) 22.3 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 956.9 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 43,740
1990 2009
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 12.8 13.2 10.4 12.6
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 6 25
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Austria
High income
Population (millions) 8.4 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 391.5 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 46,710
1990 2009
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 3.8 3.8 9.4 10.5
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12 28
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Azerbaijan
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Bahamas, The
High income
Population (millions) 0.35 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 7.0 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 20,410
1990 2009
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 19.5 14.3 21.7 16.7
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4 12
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Bahrain
High income
Population (millions) 0.81 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 19.7 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 25,420
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Bangladesh
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 870 340
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 61 89 59 83
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 12 15
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 87 85
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 87 85
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 60.1 9.7
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 85 54 68 42
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 9 16 13 15
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 2 25 19 43
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 20 20
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 10
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 61 87 56 80
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 57 75 46 60
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 6.4 25.7
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 1.9 2.0 7.0 3.4
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Barbados
High income
Population (millions) 0.26 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 3.5 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 13,500
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 120 64
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 62 78 66 78
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 91 85 90 80
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 9 15 10 20
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 9 14 10 18
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.6 1.0 0.2 0.0
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 6 7 3 4
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 14 29 8 26
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 70 56 78 62
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 51
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 60 ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 48 65 59 72
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 39 44 39 49
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 20.2 10.3 9.4 6.8
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Belarus
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 37 15
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 60 75 55 67
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 9 15
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 24 33
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 64 37
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 55 56
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 18
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 53 66 49 60
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 38 40 31 36
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 11.2 12.1
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Belgium
High income
Population (millions) 10.9 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 493.5 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 45,420
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 61 47 61
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 83 80 89 82
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 17 20 11 18
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 17 18 9 11
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6.2 0.8 2.2 0.5
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 2 4 1 2
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 16 40 10 35
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 81 56 88 63
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 39 47
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 80 81
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 75 86
Maternity leave (weeks) 15 15
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 82 82
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 31
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 34 58 43 56
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 29 34 24 29
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 11.4 4.6 8.1 7.7
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) 70.0 66.1 45.0 43.5
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 19.2 10.1 22.5 21.5
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 9 39
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Belize
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 72 94
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 35 82 47 81
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 76 68 74 67
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 24 32 26 33
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 22 25
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.6 3.3 4.3 3.7
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 5 33 3 28
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 13 23 10 22
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 79 41 86 50
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 34 38
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 50 ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 80 80
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 30 75 41 75
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 27 59 32 55
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.1 4.4 13.0 5.9
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Benin
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 790 .. 410
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 57 89 67 78
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 21 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 .. 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 57 88 67 77
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 55 79 58 55
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 76.0 72.8
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 0.6 2.2 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Bermuda
High income
Population (milliona) 0.6 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Bhutan
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 940 .. 200
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 45 67 53 71
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 18 52
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 25 19
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 76 39
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 51.7 21.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 63 33
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 6 24
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 32 44
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. .. 17
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 43 66 52 69
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 31 46 40 50
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 3.3 3.0
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Bolivia
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 510 180
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 59 82 62 82
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 48 63 23 43
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 52 37 70 57
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 50 32 67 49
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6.7 3.6 34.4 15.0
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 2 38 34
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 12 35 9 28
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 87 63 52 38
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 38
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 8 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 70
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 36
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 55 78 58 78
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 42 57 40 54
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 31.1 33.0
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 12.3 21.1 6.0 4.5
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 18 9
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 53 67 55 68
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 73 73
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 27 28
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 10.4 2.6
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 36
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 37 48 40 52
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 14 19 22 23
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 9.5 11.7
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 21.6 15.5 27.1 21.8
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Botswana
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 83 .. 190
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 64 82 72 81
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 65 67 59 62
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 35 33 41 38
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 34 31 39 33
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6.8 1.4 4.4 2.1
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 24 35
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 11 19
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 65 46
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 34 43
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 66
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 25 25
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 33
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 47 64 57 68
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 30 41 36 44
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 17.2 11.7 19.9 15.3
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Brazil
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 120 58
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 45 85 60 82
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 68 65 69 64
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 32 35 25 33
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 30 29 22 27
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 9.4 4.3 6.3 3.4
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 13 28 12 21
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 13 28 13 29
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 74 44 75 50
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 42
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 54 ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 17 17
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 35
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 42 78 54 77
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 38 69 43 62
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 3.5 6.9
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 3.5 3.8 11.0 6.1
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Brunei Darussalam
High income
Population (millions) 0.41 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 12.5 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 31,180
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 45 83 60 75
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 96 94 .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 4 6 .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 3 4 .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.6 0.4 .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 2 2 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 9 31 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 90 66 .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 23 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 44 79 57 72
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 33 49 39 44
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 6.7 3.7 .. ..
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Bulgaria
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Burkina Faso
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Burundi
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Cambodia
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Cameroon
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Canada
High income
Population (millions) 34.2 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 1,415.4 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 41,950
1990 2009
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 11.0 13.5 12.4 18.0
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13 25
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Cape Verde
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Cayman Islands
High income
Population (millions) 0.06 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Chad
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Channel Islands
High income
Population (millions) 0.15 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 10.2 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 68,600
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Chile
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 12.4 13.4 24.4 21.5
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. 14
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
China
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 110 38
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 73 85 67 80
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 38 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 8 .. 13
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. 17
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 70 80 65 76
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 74 69 59 53
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Colombia
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 140 85
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 29 78 41 78
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 72 65 49 46
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 28 35 51 54
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 26 30 48 47
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.4 0.8 7.3 3.6
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 1 2 6 27
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 25 35 16 22
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 74 63 78 51
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 42 48
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 60
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 38
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 24 69 34 70
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 17 50 22 45
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 2.3 5.3
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 13.2 8.1 15.8 9.3
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Comoros
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 530 340
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 64 87 74 85
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 61 80 69 80
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 52 62 50 56
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 16.9 21.3 ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Congo, Rep.
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 460 580
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 59 84 63 83
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 9 36
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 90 62
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 89 60
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4.7 3.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 39 31
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 21 20
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 39 46
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 26 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 15 15
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 56 78 59 77
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 41 58 40 56
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 30.2 29.9
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Costa Rica
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 35 44
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 33 84 45 80
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 78 67 75 71
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 22 33 25 29
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 21 26 20 19
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6.3 4.7 2.6 0.9
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 6 34 4 17
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 24 27 13 27
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 69 39 82 56
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 37 42
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 53 ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 74 70
Maternity leave (weeks) 17 16
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 30
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 31 79 42 76
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 31 65 33 54
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 3.5 8.1
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 5.9 4.1 6.2 4.1
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Côte d’Ivoire
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 690 470
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 43 88 51 82
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 42 81 49 78
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 36 65 40 59
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 43.6 47.7
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Croatia
High income
Population (millions) 4.4 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 61.0 $1.25 a day (%) <2
GNI per captia ($) 760
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 8 14
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 47 69 46 60
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 80 77
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 20 23
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 18 16
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3.9 0.9
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 15 13
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 16 39
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 68 47
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 45
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 59
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 77
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 59
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 26
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 41 62 41 56
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 25 29 20 30
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 11.2 11.1 10.2 8.0
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Cuba
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 73 41 67
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 93 77
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 23
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 9 25
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 12 22
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 80 53
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 43
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 18 18
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 29
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 35 71 40 66
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 28 53 29 41
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 2.0 1.4
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Curaçao
High income
Population (millions) 0.14 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Cyprus
High income
Population (millions) 0.88 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 24.4c $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 30,460c
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 17 10
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 46 74 54 71
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 86 75
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 14 25
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 13 17
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3.5 1.4
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 16 12 3 5
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 25 31 10 32
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 59 55 87 62
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 49
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 66
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 58 56
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 16
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 75
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 43 71 52 67
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 38 42 33 36
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.2 2.0 5.5 5.0
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Czech Republic
High income
Population (millions) 10.5 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 188.3 $1.25 a day (%) <2
GNI per captia ($) 870
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 15 8
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 52 71 49 68
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 90 84 89 79
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 10 16 11 21
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 5 8 9 16
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 6 9 2 4
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 33 51 24 49
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 61 40 74 47
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 51 46
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 69 69
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 68 ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 28
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 69
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 29
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 51 70 45 64
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 40 56 21 29
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.1 2.4 7.7 5.8
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Denmark
High income
Population (millions) 5.6 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 328.3 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per captia ($) 980
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 7 5
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 62 75 60 71
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 93 85 95 87
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 7 15 5 13
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 6 8 4 7
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 4.0 0.1 0.5 0.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 8 1 4
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 16 37 10 29
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 81 55 89 66
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 48 49
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 71 62
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 85 87
Maternity leave (weeks) 18 18
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 90
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 25
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 56 68 57 66
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 63 68 62 61
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 8.9 7.8 5.4 6.5
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Djibouti
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 962 962
Life expectancy at birth (years) 52 49 57 54
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 24 29
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 30 41 51 58
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 13 26 35
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 0 3 4
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 34 37
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Dominica
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 71 .. ..
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 111 114 111 113
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 78 66 109 102
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 5 6 5 2
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 88 90
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Dominican Republic
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 65 76 70
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 20 18 4 6
Female-headed households (%) 25 35
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 121 117 98 114
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 82 72
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 41 26
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 89 90
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 97 95
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 48.2 25.0 44.5 21.2
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 8 21
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Ecuador
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 66 78 72
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 26 25 5 5
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 119 121 118 117
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 59 57 77 74
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 23 34 45 39
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 92 92 107 105
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 96 97 97 97
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 230 140
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 33 78 47 78
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 45 60 46 58
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 44 40 53 42
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 41 33 51 37
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 11.3 3.9 19.5 7.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 10 23 34
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 17 30 11 24
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 81 60 66 43
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 31 39
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 60 ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 28
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 30 73 43 74
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 25 51 27 45
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 11.6 16.9
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 9.1 4.3 8.4 5.2
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 64 62 72 69
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 36 25 5 5
Female-headed households (%) 12 12
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 78 94 99 103
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 59 78 66 68
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 10 18 24 31
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 59 81 95 98
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 54 71 82 88
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 220 82
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 27 74 22 75
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 50 57 48 61
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 51 43 52 39
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 46 24 49 22
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 32.8 9.6 33.9 8.7
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 52 35 46 28
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 10 24 6 27
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 38 41 49 44
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 21 19
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 68 76
Maternity leave (weeks) 7 13
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 11
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 21 71 18 71
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 14 35 11 43
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 4.3 11.5
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 17.9 5.2 22.9 5.2
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
El Salvador
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 61 76 67
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 97 113 117
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 40 36 64 63
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 19 21 26 23
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 66 64 91 88
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 85 85 95 95
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 4.0 2.3
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 41 83 46 77
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 50 62 42 62
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 49 37 48 36
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 46 27 45 31
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 8.6 7.4 10.0 9.0
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 11 4 28
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 22 35 20 26
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 75 54 76 46
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 46 48
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 54 ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 92 85
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 75 75
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 29
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 39 76 44 69
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 30 62 29 52
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 3.8 10.1
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 9.8 10.1 3.6 7.5
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 14.3 15.0 8.3 13.0
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12 19
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Equatorial Guinea
High income
Population (millions) 0.69 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 10.2 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per captia ($) 14,680
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 48 45 52 49
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 141 150 82a 84a
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 25 57 .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 3 .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 48 54 50a 50a
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 98 98
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,000 280
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 40 92 40 92
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 11 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 75 75
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 36 85 37 85
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 38 78 41 78
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Eritrea
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 50 46 62 58
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 20 21 44 53
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 11 12 26 37
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 1a 3a
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 15 21 43 52
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 86 92
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 930 280
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 55 84 63 83
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 9
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 51 77 59 77
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 45 62 46 59
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Estonia
High income
Population (millions) 1.3 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 19.2 $1.25 a day (%) <2
GNI per captia ($) 14,360
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 944 944
Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 65 80 70
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 92 95 99 101
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 104 96 101 98
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 25 23 80 48
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 101 100
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 48 12
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 63 77 55 69
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 97 97 95 89
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 3 3 5 11
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 3 2 3 6
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.3 0.9 0.2 0.2
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 15 27 3 6
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 31 42 19 42
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 53 31 78 50
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 52 52
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 68
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 20
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 34
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 61 74 49 57
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 47 54 28 32
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 0.7 0.6 10.8 17.0
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Ethiopia
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 48 45 57 54
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 56 56
Female-headed households (%) .. 23
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 29 44 98 107
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 12 16 30 39
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 2 5
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 18 28 53 57
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 28 39 33 56
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 990 470
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 72 91 81 90
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2 4 43 49
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 24 70 44 42
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 96 89 56 48
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 72.6 20.5 12.7 7.8
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 10 9
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 20 25
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 64 76
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 47
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 56
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 13
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 20
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 64 87 74 88
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 62 79 68 77
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 47.1 64.3
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 1.6 1.1 29.9 12.1
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Faeroe Islands
High income
Population (millions) 0.05 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. 82 77
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 8 20
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 8 33
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 83 53
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 46
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 3.9 2.6
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Fiji
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943
Life expectancy at birth (years) 69 65 71 67
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 112 112 94 95
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 75 78 84 78
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 2 4 17 14
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 98 98 91 92
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 40 26
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 29 84 39 78
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 57 59
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 41 40
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 39 39
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19.9 12.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 30 30
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 51
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 28 79 36 75
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 24 59 26 52
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 12.9 6.4
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Finland
High income
Population (millions) 5.4 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 253.0 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per captia ($) 47,170
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 7 8
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 59 72 57 65
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 89 81 91 82
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 11 20 9 18
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 12
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1.1 1.7 0.4 0.7
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 7 11 3 6
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 17 42 10 37
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 76 47 87 56
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 51 51
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 67 64
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 77 84
Maternity leave (weeks) 15 21
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 80 70
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 30
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 55 65 53 59
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 46 51 43 40
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.6 3.5 7.5 8.9
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
France
High income
Population (millions) 64.9 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 2,749.8 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per captia ($) 42,390
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 13 8
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 46 65 51 62
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 87 82 93 86
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 13 18 7 14
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 11 11 5 8
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 5.5 0.9 1.0 0.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 5 6 2 4
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 17 39 10 34
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 78 55 87 62
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 45 49
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 79 80
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 79 82
Maternity leave (weeks) 16 16
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 84 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 38
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 41 60 46 57
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 29 36 29 34
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 12.2 7.2 9.3 8.9
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
French Polynesia
High income
Population (millions) 0.27 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 48 74 48 66
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 43
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Gabon
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 63 83 70 81
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 29 59 35 52
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 63 38 65 46
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 63 37 64 45
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 5.3 2.0 6.7 2.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 61 26 34 17
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 3 19 3 19
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 36 55 64 64
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 29 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 53 68 59 65
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 38 43 36 40
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 16.1 19.1 .. ..
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Gambia, The
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 750 400
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 71 86 71 85
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 77 54 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 1 11 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 20 35 .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 21 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 66 80 66 79
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 58 59 57 59
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 52.3 33.9
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Georgia
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 58 48
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 60 78 55 74
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 35 37
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 65 63
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 65 62
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 37.9 19.6
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 57 51
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 17
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 39 33
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 46
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 56
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 61
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 33
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 51 66 46 61
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 24 32 14 28
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 29.9 33.6
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 16.1 16.8
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Germany
High income
Population (millions) 81.6 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 3,537.2 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per captia ($) 43,330
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 13 7
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 45 73 53 67
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 91 88 92 86
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 9 12 8 14
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 6 5 6 8
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.9 0.4 1.0 0.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 4 4 1 2
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 26 50 15 41
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 70 45 84 57
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 47
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 90 80
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 74
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 38
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 45 69 49 61
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 55 60 44 47
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 7.0 4.5 7.3 8.1
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Ghana
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 630 350
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 70 73 74 75
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 59 66 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 10 10 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 32 23 .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 63 67 66 68
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 44 38 44 42
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 48.0 49.9
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 5.5 3.7 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Gibraltar
High income
Population (millions) 0.03 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 41
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 61 61
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.0 7.7 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Greece
High income
Population (millions) 11.3 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 308.6 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per captia ($) 27,240
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 6 2
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 67 43 65
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 52 53 69 61
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 48 47 31 39
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 46 40 27 28
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 27.7 4.8 9.7 3.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 30 20 12 12
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 17 33 9 30
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 52 46 79 59
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 42
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 61 68
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 79 ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 15 17
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 27
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 30 63 37 61
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 24 38 17 27
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 11.7 4.2 13.1 6.9
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Greenland
High income
Population (millions) 0.06 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 1.5 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 26,150
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 49
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 6.7 10.0
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Grenada
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 84 74 .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 31 18 .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 29 14 .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1.3 1.6 .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 15 24 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 17 30 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 62 40 .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 40 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 43 ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 60 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 37.0 18.5 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Guam
High income
Population (millions) 0.18 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 53 79 52 77
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 43
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.5 4.3 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Guatemala
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 39 88 48 88
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 68 46 39 49
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 32 54 61 51
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 30 53 58 45
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 9.1 14.4 21.4 15.5
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 18 16 44
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 22 34 21 24
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 75 49 63 32
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 37 43
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 11 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 38 85 46 85
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 31 76 39 75
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 11.7 24.5
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 3.1 1.6 2.4 1.5
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Guinea
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,200 680
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 79 90 79 89
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 79 73 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 3 9 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 18 18 .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 77 87 77 86
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 72 77 71 75
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) 49.5 47.2 .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 1.7 4.6 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Guinea-Bissau
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,200 1,000
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 59 81 60 84
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 11 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 8 9
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 56 75 56 78
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 42 55 45 61
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 48.1 52.8
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Guyana
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 310 270
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 82 45 81
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 53 52 .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 47 48 .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 13 13
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 70
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 31 75 39 74
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 23 58 22 53
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 18.1 8.4 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Haiti
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 670 300
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 57 81 58 83
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 21 17 .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 77 81 .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 11.2 12.3 .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 50 76 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 9 9 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 38 13 .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 44 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 45 73 52 78
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 41 46 55 58
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 29.6 37.3
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 13.8 11.9 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Honduras
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 69 64 75 70
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 9 8
Female-headed households (%) .. 26
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 108 107 116 116
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 36 30 72 57
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 10 22 15
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 61 67 93 87
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 95 93
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 8.6 10.5 11.2 5.2
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 10 18
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
High income
Population (millions) 7.0 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 231.7 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 32,900
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 937 937
Life expectancy at birth (years) 80 75 86 80
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 104 105 105 103
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 77 73 83 81
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 16 23 58 56
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 93 92
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 3.3 3.6 10.3 15.1
Women’s political participation .. ..
Seats held by women in national parliament (%)
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Hungary
High income
Population (millions) 10.0 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 129.9 $1.25 a day (%) <2
GNI per capita ($) 12,990
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943
Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 65 78 70
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 90 91 99 100
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 87 87 98 99
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 15 14 72 53
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 90 89 95 95
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 99 99
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 15.0 22.0 24.2 28.2
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21 9
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Iceland
High income
Population (millions) 0.32 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 10.8 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 33,870
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 962 950
Life expectancy at birth (years) 78 75 83 80
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 102 101 98 98
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 98 101 110 107
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 29 22 99 51
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 97 99
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 3.9 5.8 12.0 19.9
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21 43
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
India
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 929 926
Life expectancy at birth (years) 58 58 66 63
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 42 29 12 9
Female-headed households (%) 9 14
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 79 106 111 115
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 27 47 56 64
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 4 8 11 16
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 52 76 94 95
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 49 74 74 88
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 8.0 8.4 10.8 10.4
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5 11
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Indonesia
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 63 60 73 69
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 35 36 12 13
Female-headed households (%) 13 13
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 116 121 119 123
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 44 52 79 80
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 12 23 24
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 110 109
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 95 97 99 100
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 8.9 9.0 23.0 21.6
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12 18
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 66 64 73 70
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 112 102 103
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 43 60 81 85
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 3 8 38 35
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 78 89 101 101
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 81 92 99 99
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Iraq
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 939 939
Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 58 72 65
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 7 6
Female-headed households (%) .. 11
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 115 94 111
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 35 54 44 59
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 14 12 19
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 52 63 54 73
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 80 85
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Ireland
High income
Population (millions) 4.5 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 182.5 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 40,990
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 935 935
Life expectancy at birth (years) 77 72 82 77
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 103 102 105 104
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 104 95 121 115
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 26 29 66 55
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 103 103 97 96
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 18.2 20.9 17.3 30.9
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 8 15
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Isle of Man
High income
Population (millions) 0.08 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 4.0 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 49,300
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) 80 74 .. ..
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 5.9 9.0 5.1 9.5
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) .. ..
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Israel
High income
Population (millions) 7.6 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 207.2 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 27,340
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 949 950
Life expectancy at birth (years) 78 75 84 80
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 94 112 110
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 93 88 90 88
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 32 33 71 54
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 103 101
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 23.4 21.0 13.9 15.7
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 7 19
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Italy
High income
Population (millions) 60.6 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 2,125.8 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 35,090
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 941 941
Life expectancy at birth (years) 80 74 84 79
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 98 98 103 104
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 79 79 100 101
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 29 30 79 56
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 99 99 104 104
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 37.8 26.2 28.7 23.3
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13 21
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Jamaica
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 69 75 69
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 6 5
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 103 103 92 95
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 72 68 93 89
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 33 15
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 98 92 90 88
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 98 92
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.9 2.4
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Japan
High income
Population (millions) 127.4 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 5,369.1 $1.25 a day (%)
GNI per capita ($) 42,150
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 947 947
Life expectancy at birth (years) 82 76 86 80
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 99 102 102
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 95 101 101
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 23 35 55 62
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 101 100 102 102
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 4.1 4.5 8.0 10.1
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 1 11
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Jordan
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 69 65 75 71
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 6 6 7 3
Female-headed households (%) .. 11
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 105 106 97 97
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 82 78 90 87
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 24 19 43 39
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 98 97 99 99
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 99
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 110 59
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 15 71 23 74
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 95 81
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 19
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3 11
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0.5 0.5
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 4 7 2 3
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 8 18 10 21
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 87 75 88 75
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 11 16
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 57 61
Maternity leave (weeks) 6 10
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 11 60 18 67
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 2 31 5 32
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 30.0 18.1 24.1 10.3
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Kazakhstan
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 939 939
Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 64 74 64
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 4 5
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 118 118 109a 109a
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 94 97a 100a
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 40 32 47a 32a
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 103 103 108a 107a
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Kenya
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 62 58 55 54
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 33 35 25 27
Female-headed households (%) 33 ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 102 111 114
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 36 45 56 62
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 2 3 5
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 89 91
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 94 92
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Kiribati
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) 59 55 63 59
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 116 114 119 114
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 36 39 89 81
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 102 100 118 118
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 67 70 65
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Korea, Rep.
High income
Population (millions) 48.9 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 972.3 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 19,890
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 896 911
Life expectancy at birth (years) 76 67 84 77
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 107 105 103 105
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 90 95 95 99
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 23 49 82 117
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 100 99 101 102
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Youth unemployment (% of labor force ages 15–24) 5.5 9.5 8.5 11.9
Women’s political participation
Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 2 16
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Kosovo
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 66 72 68
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Kuwait
High income
Population (millions) 2.9 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 117.0 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 43,920
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 77 73 80 76
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 91 92 94 96
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 81 85 91 89
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 16 9 27 12
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 56 58 93 94
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 99
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 3.5 2.2
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Kyrgyz Republic
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 948 944
Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 64 72 62
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 4 8
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 111 109 95 95
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 102 103 85 84
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 26 20 58 44
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 95 94
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Lao PDR
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 56 53 67 64
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 89 112 106 117
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 19 28 39 48
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 2 12 15
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 36 46 71 78
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 79 89
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Latvia
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 953 957
Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 64 78 68
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 98 91 97 100
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 93 92 93 92
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 29 20 87 48
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 90 96
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Lebanon
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 66 74 70
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 99 102 104
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 62 59 87 78
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 27 29 57 48
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 87 83
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 98
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Lesotho
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 61 57 46 45
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 19 22
Female-headed households (%) .. 37
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 119 98 104 105
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 29 20 52 38
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 1 4 3
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 75 41 79 59
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 98 86
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Liberia
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 948 948
Life expectancy at birth (years) 50 47 60 57
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 93 89 64 62
Female-headed households (%) .. 30
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 86 96
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 4 .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 53 63
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 54 66 81 70
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Libya
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 947 944
Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 66 77 72
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 105 112 108 113
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 68 79 101 86
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 14 17 .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 96 99 100 100
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Liechtenstein
High income
Population (millions) 0.04 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 4.9 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 136,540
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. 85 81
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 110 108
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 98 112
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 22 47
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 101 114
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Lithuania
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 949 956
Life expectancy at birth (years) 76 66 79 68
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 89 95 96 98
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 83 86 99 99
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 27 39 96 63
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 94 98
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.0 1.5
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 59 74 50 62
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 90 85
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 10 15
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 8 11
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 2.1 1.4
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 12
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 18 37
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 75 51
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 55 53
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 60
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 71
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 18
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 40
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 50 62 45 52
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 34 38 17 20
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 10.4 17.1
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. 26.8 21.0
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Luxembourg
High income
Population (millions) 0.51 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 40.3 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 79,510
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 941 941
Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 72 83 78
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 94 87 101 100
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 70 68 98 95
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 3 11 9
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 85 83
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 6 17
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 34 68 48 63
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 90 89 93 90
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 11 11 7 10
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 9 8 6 6
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 4.1 0.5 1.1 0.5
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 3 1 2
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 8 42 4 18
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 89 55 87 71
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 43
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 87 81
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 62 73
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 16
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 35 68 45 61
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 48 54 21 25
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.4 1.2 6.1 4.4
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
High income
Population (millions) 0.55 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 21.3 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 39,520
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 45 72 64 76
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 95 90
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 10
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3 6
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 1.4 0.2
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 0 0 0
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 50 37 12 27
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 49 63 88 73
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 48
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 48
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 67 48
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 44 70 62 73
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 45 46 41 37
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.0 2.5 2.8 4.3
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Macedonia, FYR
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 926 926
Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 69 77 72
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 1 2
Female-headed households (%) .. 8
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 101 89 89
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 76 77 82 84
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 19 19 44 37
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 92 91
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 99 99
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 16 9
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 46 68 43 65
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 75 70
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 25 30
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 22 24
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 16.6 6.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 20 20
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 28 33
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 52 47
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 38 42
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 47
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 27
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 31 47 29 45
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 16 22 11 17
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 8.6 14.8
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 33.0 31.7
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Madagascar
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 984 974
Life expectancy at birth (years) 52 50 62 59
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 82 85 31 30
Female-headed households (%) 22 22
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 99 104 158 162
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 18 19 31 32
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 3 4 3 4
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 38 36 79 79
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 64 66
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 710 440
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 83 89 84 89
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 11 15 11 16
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 87 84 89 84
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 87 83 .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 41.6 24.3 73.0 32.1
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 81 80
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 2 6
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 17 15
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 31 38
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 22
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 80 86 81 87
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 70 72 71 72
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 24.2 27.7
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 3.5 1.7
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Malawi
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 50 48 55 53
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 114 126 54 52
Female-headed households (%) 25 25
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 65 75 121 118
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 12 21 28 31
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 0 1
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 24 32 60 58
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 49 70 86 87
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 910 510
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 76 80 75 79
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 4 29 .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 96 71 .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 96 71 .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.4 0.3 .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 11 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 8
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 69 75 68 74
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 50 45 48 44
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 39.4 41.3
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 10.0 5.4
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Malaysia
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943
Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 68 77 72
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 92 93 94 95
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 58 54 71 66
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 7 8 41 32
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 90 90 97 97
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 95 96 99 98
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 56 31
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 43 80 44 79
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 71 64 79 72
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 27 34 21 28
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 25 31 20 23
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 8.1 2.4 8.1 2.6
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 25 26 9 17
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 28 27 23 32
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 47 46 68 51
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 39
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 50 ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 8 9
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 23
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 42 78 43 76
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 38 55 35 47
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 3.7 3.2
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maldives
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 934 942
Life expectancy at birth (years) 60 61 74 70
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 5 5
Female-headed households (%) .. 35
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 125 126 108 114
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 52 50 86 81
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 0 0
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 112 127
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 98 98 99 99
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 510 37
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 30 74 57 77
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 37 49 45 61
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 58 47 54 29
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 57 44 47 20
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6.6 4.0 22.9 7.9
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 14 28 7 14
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 39 18 32 20
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 43 50 56 62
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 16 30
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 24 70 45 73
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 17 47 37 53
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 23.8 7.9
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Mali
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 43 43 50 48
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 174 166 114 117
Female-headed households (%) .. 12
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 21 35 89a 105a
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 4 9 34a 49a
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 3 9
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 7 12 56a 72a
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 31 47
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,200 830
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 37 68 38 67
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2 5 4 12
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 26 33 107 77
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 98 94 93 82
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 72.0 61.5 34.1 18.5
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. 64 68
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. 3 8
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. 33 24
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 35
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 35 62 35 60
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 30 46 29 42
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 21.6 24.2
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 10.9 7.2
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Malta
High income
Population (millions) 0.42 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 7.6 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 18,350
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943
Life expectancy at birth (years) 78 73 82 78
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 106 110 99 98
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 80 85 99 101
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 12 38 26
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 101 103 99 102
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 97
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 23 73 32 68
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 93 83
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 17
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 6 11
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0.2 0.0
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 2
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 12 31
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 87 66
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 28 35
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 70
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 85
Maternity leave (weeks) 13 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 18
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 21 68 29 63
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 52 57 43 48
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 6.8 7.0
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. 36.0 50.2
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Marshall Islands
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 70 .. ..
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 90 91
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 80 76
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 94 93
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 13.2 12.2 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Mauritania
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 780 550
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 53 82 59 81
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 36 54 41 53
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 23 28 21 24
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 35.8 21.9 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Mauritius
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Mayotte
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Mexico
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 93 85
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 34 84 43 81
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 80 65 65 66
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 16 32 35 34
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 15 29 32 27
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1.2 2.9 9.7 4.8
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 29 4 19
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 21 30 18 30
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 70 39 77 50
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 37 39
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 55 65
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 50 70
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 27
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 33 82 41 76
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 33 68 30 54
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 7.6 16.5
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.2 2.5 4.8 5.4
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Moldova
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 62 32
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 61 74 47 53
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 71 65
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 29 35
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 28 34
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3.5 1.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 28 34
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 14 26
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 58 41
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 54
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 18
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 39
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 55 64 44 49
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 38 38 17 18
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 4.9 7.8
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Monaco
High income
Population (millions) 0.03 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 6.5 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 197,460
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Mongolia
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Montenegro
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 15 15
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 85 77
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 15 23
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 2.6 1.9
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 1 2
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 12 32
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 86 66
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 39 43
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 35.5 26.2
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Morocco
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 270 110
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 25 81 26 80
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 53 48 34 48
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 47 53 66 52
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 45 48 65 47
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 29.3 16.8 48.6 15.0
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 4 59 34
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 50 32 15 24
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 47 64 25 42
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 21 21
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 12
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 21 71 24 73
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 22 55 18 50
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 20.4 14.2 10.5 9.8
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Mozambique
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,000 550
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 85 88 85 87
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 11 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 8 9
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 80 82 79 81
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 70 64 68 60
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Myanmar
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 420 240
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 71 89 63 85
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 41 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 89
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 67
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 68 86 61 82
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 63 76 34 57
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 8.8 4.7 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Namibia
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 180 180
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 48 64 52 63
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 43 65 80 82
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 55 33 33 24
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 54 32 28 17
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 31.5 14.5 1.1 0.9
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 52 45 8 23
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 8 21 9 24
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 40 34 83 53
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 41
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 80
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 36
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 38 53 39 50
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 21 27 14 18
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 19.0 20.0 43.0 32.5
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Nepal
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 870 380
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 52 85 63 80
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 91 75 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 1 4 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 8 20 .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 7 7
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 14
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 52 83 62 79
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 51 67 55 58
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Netherlands
High income
Population (millions) 16.6 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 826.5 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 49,720
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 10 9
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 43 70 60 73
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 87 88 90 84
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 13 12 11 16
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 12 7 9 11
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 5.1 0.3 0.7 0.2
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 5 2 3
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 11 35 7 25
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 84 59 85 63
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 38 48
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 70 75
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 75 82
Maternity leave (weeks) 16 16
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 27
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 39 66 57 70
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 53 54 69 69
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 10.9 5.6 3.5 3.4
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
New Caledonia
High income
Population (millions) 0.25 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 47 74 44 70
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
New Zealand
High income
Population (millions) 4.4 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 125.4 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 29,050
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 18 14
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 54 74 62 76
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 87 75 87 79
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 13 25 13 21
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 10 15 9 15
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1.9 0.7 1.3 0.7
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 8 13 4 9
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 14 33 10 31
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 78 54 86 61
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 44 48
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 77 72
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 74 82
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 0 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 40
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 49 66 58 71
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 53 56 51 56
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 7.3 8.1 6.1 6.1
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Nicaragua
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 190 100
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 39 85 47 78
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 51 57 53 49
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 49 43 47 51
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 47 40 45 45
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 3.6 5.4 8.7 13.0
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 8 42
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19 21
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 72 37
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 38
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 53 ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 60 60
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 41
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 37 79 45 73
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 31 68 31 59
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 3.9 16.2
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 14.7 9.0 5.1 4.9
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Niger
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,400 820
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 27 91 39 88
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 6
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 90 84
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 89 83
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 2.8 3.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 38 64
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 18 8
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 43 27
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 36
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 50
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 27 86 38 83
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 28 74 34 71
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 45.0 49.2
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Nigeria
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 840
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 76 39 73
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 38 51 39 49
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 4 9 11 12
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 57 38 48 37
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 21
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 50
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 34 70 37 69
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 17 39 17 36
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.4 3.7 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
High income
Population (millions) 0.09 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 4 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 40 47 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 58 49 .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 44 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 5.8 7.3
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Norway
High income
Population (millions) 4.9 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 416.9 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 85,380
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 9 7
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 57 73 63 71
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 93 85 95 89
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 7 15 5 11
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 8
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.6 1.6 0.3 0.2
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 4 8 1 4
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 11 35 7 32
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 85 56 92 64
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 49
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 83 71
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 86 89
Maternity leave (weeks) 18 47
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 90
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 33
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 54 66 61 68
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 48 50 55 51
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.8 5.6 2.6 3.6
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Oman
High income
Population (millions) 2.9 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 49.8 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 17,890
1990 2009
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 49 20
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 19 80 25 77
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 91 85 .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6 14 .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 5 10 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 7 8 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 86 81 .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 19 22
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 9
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 16 76 21 72
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 14 40 16 40
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Pakistan
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 490 260
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 14 85 22 85
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 22 40
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 78 61
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 78 59
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 65.0 19.7
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 72 48 75 37
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 14 21 12 22
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 14 31 13 41
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 8 13
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 3
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 12 81 20 81
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 11 65 17 68
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 0.7 2.8 8.7 4.0
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Palau
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 63 72 66
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 103 100
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 95 97
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.8 ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Panama
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 70 79 73
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 104 109 107 111
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 63 59 76 70
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 25 18 55 36
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 86 86 101 102
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 95 95 96 97
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 86 71
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 39 79 48 81
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 80 53 73 67
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 20 47 27 33
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 19 44 25 29
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 3.3 7.7 4.4 2.5
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 38 4 20
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 11 16 9 26
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 87 46 87 55
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 42
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 45 47
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 95
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 45
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 30 69 44 76
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 20 47 26 54
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 5.4 12.1
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 22.6 12.8 7.9 4.6
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 926 926
Life expectancy at birth (years) 58 52 64 59
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 59 71 50 59
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 14 .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 2 .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 43 54 .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 70 65
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 340 250
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 71 74 72 74
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 20 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 6 6
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 0 0
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 69 72 69 73
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 58 57 57 56
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 5.9 9.0 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Paraguay
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 66 74 70
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 12 10 .. ..
Female-headed households (%) 17 ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 102 106 98 101
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 31 30 68 65
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 9 43 30
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 65 65 95 92
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 95 96 99 99
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 130 95
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 47 87 57 87
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 67 69 49 51
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 33 31 51 49
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 31 17 48 42
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.1 0.4 11.0 10.4
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 1 3 19 31
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 15 36 10 25
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 84 61 71 44
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 41 40
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 57 ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 66 ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 50
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 44 82 52 82
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 34 69 38 67
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. 7.7 22.6
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 6.3 6.7 7.5 4.4
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Peru
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 68 63 76 71
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 31 29 4 13
Female-headed households (%) 15 22
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 116 119 109 109
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 65 69 89 89
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 36 33
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 101 101
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 94 97 97 98
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 250 98
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 49 75 58 76
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 53 63 49 59
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 47 37 50 41
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 46 30 47 34
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 9.2 2.8 8.7 4.5
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 1 2 6 10
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 20 32 13 28
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 80 66 82 62
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 38
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 13
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 28
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 41 69 54 70
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 29 43 39 41
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. 39.5 44.8
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 11.5 6.5 8.3 5.4
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Philippines
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943
Life expectancy at birth (years) 68 63 74 70
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 25 28 9 10
Female-headed households (%) 14 19
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 108 110 109 111
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 72 70 86 79
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 30 21 32 26
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 86 85 97 91
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 97 96 98 97
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 180 94
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 48 83 49 79
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 51 53
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 49 47
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 46 42
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 17.4 9.0
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 31 53 24 42
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 13 16 10 18
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 56 31 66 40
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 40 42
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 75 91
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 9
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 58
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 42 76 46 73
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 31 53 28 44
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 9.8 7.1 7.4 7.5
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Poland
High income
Population (millions) 38.2 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 474.0 $1.25 a day (%) <2
GNI per capita ($) 12,420
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943
Life expectancy at birth (years) 76 67 80 72
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 100 97 97
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 90 86 99 99
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 24 16 84 59
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 95 95
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 17 6
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 55 72 46 62
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 71 69 80 75
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 29 31 20 25
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 28 28 17 20
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 7.8 5.5 5.7 2.5
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 24 24 13 13
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 21 41 17 43
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 55 35 70 44
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 47
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 68
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 16 16
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 35
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 47 62 42 57
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 27 36 24 31
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 14.7 12.2 8.7 7.8
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Portugal
High income
Population (millions) 10.6 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 232.6 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 21,860
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943
Life expectancy at birth (years) 77 70 82 76
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 119 124 111 114
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 59 59 109 105
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 26 20 67 56
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 106 101
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 100 100
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 15 7
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 49 73 56 69
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 70 72 79 74
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 30 28 21 26
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 28 22 18 18
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 4.0 2.0 1.1 0.6
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 21 16 12 11
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 26 41 16 39
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 53 44 72 50
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 48
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 70 68
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 69 69
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 17
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 33
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 48 71 51 63
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 45 60 29 36
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 6.8 3.2 10.1 8.9
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Puerto Rico
High income
Population (millions) 4.0 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 950 950
Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 71 83 75
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 91 91
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 86 83
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 95 61
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 94 92 88 87
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 29 18
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 31 61 36 58
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 92 80 92 80
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 8 20 8 20
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.1 0.3 0.0 0.0
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 6 1 2
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 21 27 10 25
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 79 68 90 73
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 42
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 27 50 31 48
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 13 29 21 27
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 11.0 17.6 11.6 14.9
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Qatar
High income
Population (millions) 1.5 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 947 961
Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 68 77 75
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 103 111 105 107
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 87 80 106 72
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 41 12 30 5
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 72 67 106 109
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 91 89 98 98
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 15 8
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 40 94 50 93
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 100 99
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 1
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 1
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0.0 0.0
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 3
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 58
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 95 39
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 13
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 142
Maternity leave (weeks) 8 7
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 35 94 48 93
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 15 68 28 72
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 2.6 0.2
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Romania
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 941
Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 67 77 70
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 96 99 100
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 103 93 94
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 9 77 58
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 96 96 96 96
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 98 97
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 170 27
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 60 73 45 60
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 68 81 68 67
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 32 19 33 33
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 33 21 32 31
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 5.6 3.5 19.2 6.1
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 34 25 31 28
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 37 49 22 37
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 29 26 47 36
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 42 46
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 60 49
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 74
Maternity leave (weeks) 16 18
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 85
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 30
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 56 68 43 55
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 33 41 19 27
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 8.7 7.7 5.8 7.7
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Russian Federation
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 947 944
Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 64 75 63
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 107 107 97 97
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 94 84 86
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 58 47 89 66
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 93 92 .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 74 39
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 60 76 58 69
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 94 90 93 92
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6 10 7 8
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 1 1 5 6
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 11
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19 38
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 74 51
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 51 51
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 67 62
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 20 20
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 39
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 52 65 53 64
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 34 36 31 36
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 5.2 5.2 7.9 8.4
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Rwanda
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 990 990
Life expectancy at birth (years) 35 31 52 49
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 73 87 55 69
Female-headed households (%) 21 34
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 76 77 151 150
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 16 19 26 27
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 4 6
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 48 50 56 52
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 75 75 77 77
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,100 540
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 87 89 87 85
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 96 83 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 1 5 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 3 11 .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 33 67
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 86 88 86 84
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 79 79 77 72
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 7.0 8.0
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 0.2 0.6 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Samoa
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 926 926
Life expectancy at birth (years) 68 62 75 69
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 117 115 99 101
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 81 72
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 90 97
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 100 99
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
San Marino
High income
Population (millions) 0.03 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 1.6 $1.25 a day (%)
GNI per capita ($) 50,670
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) .. 86 80
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 94 92
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 97 94
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 93 90
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 93 89
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 11
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0.0 0.0
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 3 2 0 0
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 32 52 21 48
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 66 46 79 52
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 40 42
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 20
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 9.0 2.0 4.5 1.2
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 64 61 68 64
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 130 142 130a 131a
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 33 36 52a 50a
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 4a 4a
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 69 76 89a 81a
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 92 96 96 95
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 37 78 45 76
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 69 72 .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 30 26 .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 30 26 .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.7 0.8 .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 35 42 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 3 19 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 59 36 .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 32 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 10 10
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 24.5 11.0
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Saudi Arabia
High income
Population (millions) 26.0 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 436.6 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 17,200
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 66 74 73
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 4 3
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 97 101
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 90 104
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 10 11 36 29
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 89 87
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 81 94 97 99
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 41 24
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 15 80 21 80
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 5
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 2 23
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 98 72
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 15
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 10 10
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 75
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 9
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 13 76 18 76
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 4 39 5 36
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 15.9 3.5
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Senegal
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 967 967
Life expectancy at birth (years) 53 51 57 54
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 80 96 39 43
Female-headed households (%) 16 20
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 46 64 85 82
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 10 20 27 34
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 6 10
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 32 51 57 56
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 28 49 56 74
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.7 4.7
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 62 90 65 89
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 8 14 .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 91 78 .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 91 77 .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 32.4 25.3 .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 33 34
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 20
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 42 33
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 57 78 60 76
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 49 70 48 67
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 12.6 24.4
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 13.6 7.9
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Serbia
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 926 926
Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 69 76 71
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 3 4
Female-headed households (%) .. 29
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 97 98
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 93 90
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 56 44
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 96 97
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 13 8
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 68 65
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 32 35
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 29 30
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 15.6 4.1
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 23 25
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 16 32
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 61 43
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 39 44
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 6.6 7.2
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 18.4 15.3
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Seychelles
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 67 79 68
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 107 105
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 108 103
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 104 106
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 98 97 99 99
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 86 79 .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6 15 .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 49 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 12.5 8.6 4.9 6.1
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Sierra Leone
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 982 982
Life expectancy at birth (years) 42 38 49 47
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 61 67
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 41 62 .. ..
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 11 22 .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 75 101
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 48 68
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 1,300 970
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 66 68 65 68
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 11
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 96 89
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 21.6 14.8
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 71 66
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3 10
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 26 23
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 23
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 64 65 64 64
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 47 35 47 35
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 14.9 14.9
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 2.3 4.5
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Singapore
High income
Population (millions) 5.1 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 210.3 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 40,920
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 932 932
Life expectancy at birth (years) 77 72 84 79
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 100 100
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 6 9
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 51 79 54 76
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 92 83 3 7
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 8 17 97 94
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 6 10 7 12
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.1 0.4 1.0 0.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 1 1 2
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 34 40 17 26
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 66 59 83 73
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 46
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 55 65
Maternity leave (weeks) 8 8
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 31
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 50 79 50 72
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 55 57 31 34
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 1.8 2.0 6.5 5.4
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
High income
Population (millions) 0.04 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. ..
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Slovak Republic
High income
Population (millions) 5.4 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 88.1 $1.25 a day (%) <2
GNI per capita ($) 16,220
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 67 79 71
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 101 102 102
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 90 86 92 92
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 16 16 69 43
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 96 95 98 97
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 15 6
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 59 72 51 69
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 97 91 90 80
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 3 9 10 20
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 3 6 8 16
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.1
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 7 13 2 5
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 29 48 22 50
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 64 39 76 45
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 48
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 72 59
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 28
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 55
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 28
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 52 65 45 61
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 45 47 21 27
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 11.8 12.5 12.9 11.4
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Slovenia
High income
Population (millions) 2.1 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 49.3 $1.25 a day (%) <2
GNI per capita ($) 23,860
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 949 949
Life expectancy at birth (years) 77 69 82 76
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 96 98 99
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 92 88 97 97
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 27 22 104 72
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 96 96
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 11 18
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 47 59 53 65
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 88 82 87 81
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 12 18 13 19
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 10 14 11 14
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 4.6 2.0 6.9 4.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 10 11 9 9
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 36 52 22 43
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 54 37 69 48
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 48 47
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 53 57
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 15
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 33
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 44 57 50 62
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 27 30 30 40
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 6.0 8.1 5.8 5.9
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Solomon Islands
Demography Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 917 917
Life expectancy at birth (years) 57 56 68 66
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 80 93 106 109
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 11 17 32 38
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 46 58 .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 5.9 3.8
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Somalia
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 46 43 52 49
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 54 53
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 18 23 42
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 7 13 5 11
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 4 .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.6 6.4
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 58 84 57 85
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 22 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 50 50
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 55 78 53 79
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 46 63 46 62
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 41.5 45.5
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
South Africa
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 65 58 53 50
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 106 107 99 103
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 71 61 96 92
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 11 13 .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 80 72 94 93
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 98 97
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 230 410
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 62 47 63
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 85 84
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 15 16
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 12 8
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 1.4 0.4
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 6
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 13 35
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 83 59
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 44
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 16
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 60
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 26 48 35 49
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 12 19 13 19
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 23.5 17.2 25.9 22.0
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Spain
High income
Population (millions) 46.2 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 1,462.9 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 31,650
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 940 940
Life expectancy at birth (years) 81 73 85 79
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 106 108 107 108
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 105 99 124 118
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 37 34 82 66
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 103 104 103 103
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 7 6
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 34 67 49 69
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 73 74 87 80
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 27 26 13 20
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 25 21 9 13
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 10.5 3.0 1.2 0.7
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 10 13 3 6
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 17 41 10 36
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 73 47 88 59
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 32 45
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 79 79
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 16 16
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 75 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 32
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 26 59 40 56
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 25 39 28 32
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 24.5 11.6 18.4 17.7
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Sri Lanka
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 962 962
Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 66 78 71
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 10 10 .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 109 114 97 97
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 74 69 88 86
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 2 4 .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 98 98 98 97
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 97
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 91 39
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 37 79 34 75
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 66 58 55 59
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 34 42 45 41
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 34 40 44 38
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 18.7 6.7 22.3 4.5
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 43 37 37 30
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 22 19 25 25
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 32 38 27 27
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 31
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 90 93
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 21
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 28 70 31 72
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) 16 40 21 45
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 21.6 9.7 8.1 7.2
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) 69 65 .. ..
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 106 110 97 95
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 87 85 100 93
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 7 6 25 12
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 105 132 97 94
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 84 81 .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 14 17 .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 12 12 .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1.3 0.7 .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 13
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 60
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
St. Lucia
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 69 76 70
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 136 143 95 98
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 60 40 97 95
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 3 3 23 9
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 123 124 93 99
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 41 74 51 76
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 74 57 .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 25 39 .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 21 25 .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 4.1 1.7 .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 15 30 10 19
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 19 24 10 21
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 64 43 73 49
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 52 48
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 13 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 60 65
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 7.0 6.6 25.0 17.5
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
High income
Population (millions) 0.03 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) $1.25 a day (%)
GNI per capita ($)
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. ..
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 67 74 70
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 113 114 103 111
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 67 54 111 107
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 9 4 .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 105 114
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 44 81 56 79
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 79 71 .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 21 29 .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 17 22 .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 2.7 2.1 .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 14 31 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 11 27 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 75 42 .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 13
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 65
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15–24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 21.4 18.3 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Sudan
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 949 949
Life expectancy at birth (years) 54 51 60 57
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 63 62 30 38
Female-headed households (%) .. 19
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 41 53 70 78
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 18 22 36 40
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 2 3 .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 47 53
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 83 89
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 830 750
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 27 79 31 74
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 22 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 8
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 23 72 26 69
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 17 48 18 33
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Suriname
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 926 926
Life expectancy at birth (years) 71 64 73 66
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 120 110 111 116
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 64 50 85 66
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 11 9 .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 94 79 95 81
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 99
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 2.7 2.4
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 68 39 66
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 2 5 5 10
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 8 27 8 31
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 87 65 82 55
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 41 38
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 68 ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 29 60 31 60
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 14 33 8 27
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 20.1 12.6 13.7 7.0
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Swaziland
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 63 58 46 47
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 30 32
Female-headed households (%) .. 48
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 94 94 104 112
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 50 56
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 3 5 4 4
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 66 59 69 75
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 84 83 95 92
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 260 420
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 45 81 53 75
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 73 ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 0 0
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 34 65 40 60
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 29 40 26 35
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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Sweden
High income
Population (millions) 9.4 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 469.0 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 49,930
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 944 944
Life expectancy at birth (years) 80 75 83 79
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 99 96 97
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 92 88 102 103
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 33 28 88 56
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 96 97 95 94
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 7 5
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 63 72 61 69
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 95 87 94 85
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 5 13 6 15
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 9
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 2 5 1 3
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 14 43 8 31
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 84 52 91 65
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 51 50
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 81 64
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 89 90
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 90 80
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 32
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 61 69 56 63
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 60 59 40 39
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 1.8 1.9 8.0 8.6
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Switzerland
High income
Population (millions) 7.8 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 548.0 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 70,350
1990 2009
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 951 951
Life expectancy at birth (years) 81 74 84 80
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 89 88 103 104
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 94 101 94 98
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 18 34 52 51
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 52 52 98 94
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 8 10
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 57 81 61 74
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 86 84 87 83
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 14 16 13 17
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 11 8 10 9
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6.4 1.7 2.7 1.7
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 4 5 2 4
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 18 41 10 30
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 78 54 81 61
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 43 48
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 82 81
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 68 77
Maternity leave (weeks) 8 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 80
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 31
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 56 81 58 71
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 69 69 60 63
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.6 1.7 4.5 3.7
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 66 76 73
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 3 5
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 106 120 125
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 43 59 74 75
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 14 22 .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 83 94 111 113
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 93 96
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 120 46
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 18 81 21 80
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 69 52
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 31 49
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 29 39
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19.0 7.4
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 54 23 26 18
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 8 28 8 32
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 38 49 66 50
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 15 16
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 7 7
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 70 70
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 15
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 16 78 16 76
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 16 60 12 54
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 4.3 8.8
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 14.0 5.2 25.7 5.2
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Tajikistan
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 66 60 70 64
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 13 18
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 90 92 100 104
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 78 90
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 12 28
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 93 97
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 100 100 100 100
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 120 64
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 59 80 57 78
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 75 42
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 5 27
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 20 31
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 37 37
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 20
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 50 69 50 68
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 46 54 43 55
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 9.1 8.7
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Tanzania
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 53 49 57 56
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 57 63 52 56
Female-headed households (%) 19 25
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 69 70 105 105
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 4 6 24 31
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 0 1 1 2
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 47 48 102 102
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 78 86 76 78
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 880 790
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 87 91 86 91
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 6 15
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 94 85
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 93 82
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 13.0 9.7
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 78 71
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3 7
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19 22
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 31
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 49
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 72 78 76 81
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 62 63 69 70
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 27.1 35.0
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 4.3 2.8 5.8 2.8
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Thailand
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 950 941
Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 66 72 66
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 12 11 .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. 30
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 102 90 92
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 30 28 80a 74a
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 21 18 51a 39a
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 98 98
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 50 48
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 75 87 66 81
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 26 31 43 46
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 74 69 57 54
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 74 67 55 50
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 56.1 27.0 28.5 13.6
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 65 63 39 44
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 12 16 18 21
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 23 21 43 35
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 42 45
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 64 ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 13
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 29
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 71 84 65 80
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 67 72 38 55
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 14.4 15.7
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 2.4 2.0 1.1 1.2
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Timor-Leste
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 47 45 63 61
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 109 116
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 55 55
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 13 18
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 79 80
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Family planning and maternal health
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 650 370
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 58 82 59 83
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 55 79 56 80
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 49 58 54 65
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Togo
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 982 982
Life expectancy at birth (years) 60 56 65 61
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 90 75 43 55
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 70 109 111 119
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 11 31 28 54
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 4 .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 22 48 52 71
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 68 85
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 6.3 4.2
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 56 87 64 86
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 6 17
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 94 83
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 28.4 23.1
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 48 61
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 10
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 46 29
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 41 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 14
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 53 81 60 80
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 47 65 46 61
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 37.4 39.8
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Tonga
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
High income
Population (millions) 1.3 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 20.7 $1.25 a day (%) 4.2
GNI per capita ($) 15,380
1990 2009
Female Male Female Male
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 963 963
Life expectancy at birth (years) 73 65 73 66
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 3 3 8 5
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 96 94 102 106
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 86 84 92 86
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 6 7 13 10
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 105 99 93 93
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 99 99 100 100
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 86 55
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 39 76 55 78
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 77 73 83 76
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 23 26 16 23
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 21 22 13 17
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 6.5 2.5 1.7 0.3
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 6 15 2 5
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 14 34 15 44
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 80 51 82 51
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 36 44
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 38 ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 13 13
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 60 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 43
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 34 56 51 75
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 23 44 41 55
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 24.2 17.9 6.2 3.5
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Tunisia
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 72 69 77 73
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 19 19 .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 105 119 107 109
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 38 50 94 87
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 6 10 42 27
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 75 85 92 88
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 96 98
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 130 60
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 21 76 26 71
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 59 69 .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 41 30 .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 14 23 .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 21.8 5.7 .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 23 27 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 44 31 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 32 41 .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 23 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 4 4
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 67 67
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 17 64 21 61
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 19 38 15 29
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 21.7 14.7 17.3 13.1
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Turkey
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 67 62 75 70
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 14 13 6 6
Female-headed households (%) 10 ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 102 98 101
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 35 58 77 87
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 16 34 43
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 84 91 92 95
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 88 97 97 99
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 68 23
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 34 81 24 70
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 22 47 51 63
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 78 54 49 37
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 48 29
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 69.2 13.0 34.8 5.4
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 76 34 38 17
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 10 26 15 29
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 14 41 47 54
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 16 22
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 62 58
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 81 ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 16
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 67 67
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 8
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 32 74 21 60
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 36 60 17 39
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 1.8 3.3
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 8.5 7.8 14.3 13.9
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Turkmenistan
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 956 956
Life expectancy at birth (years) 66 59 69 61
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 91 77
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 58 72 62 74
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 50 63 56 66
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 34 42 36 43
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
High income
Population (millions) 0.03 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
Female Male Female Male
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. ..
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 92 88
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 83 89
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 0 0
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 91 93
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 96 94
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 4 6
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 38
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Tuvalu
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) .. ..
Life expectancy at birth (years) .. .. .. ..
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 98 102
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 109 89
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 34
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Uganda
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 50 46 54 53
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 86 97 62 75
Female-headed households (%) .. 30
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 62 77 122 121
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 8 14 25 30
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 2 4 5
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 28 46 73 73
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 63 77 85a 90a
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 670 430
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 81 91 78 91
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 82 69
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3 9
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 16 23
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 8 8
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 33
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 78 89 75 88
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 70 81 70 79
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 36.5 39.8
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 0.6 1.3 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Ukraine
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 945 943
Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 66 75 64
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 1 4
Female-headed households (%) .. 49
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 106 107 98 97
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 98 94 93 95
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 47 35 91 72
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 99 99 96 95
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100
Family planning and maternal health
Total fertility rate (births per woman) 1.8 1.5
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 56 71 52 65
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 81 83
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19 17
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0.3 0.4
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 55
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 71
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 18
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 38
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 52 65 48 59
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 36 37 30 38
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 16.6 18.0
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 6.1 6.6
Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
High income
Population (millions) 4.7 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
Female Male Female Male
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 75 71 79 77
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 113 116 105 106
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 69 60 96 95
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 12 3 41 22
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 96 98 98 100
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 97 94
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 28 10
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 25 92 42 92
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 99 95
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 1 5
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 1
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0.0 0.0
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 0 5
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 7 28
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 92 66
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 20
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 6 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 10
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 25 90 36 90
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 15 61 21 51
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 12.0 2.0
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
United Kingdom
High income
Population (millions) 62.2 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 2,399.3 $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 38,540
1990 2009
Female Male Female Male
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 951 951
Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 73 82 78
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 106 105 106 106
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 85 82 100 98
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 26 27 69 50
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 10 12
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 52 74 55 70
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 92 81 91 82
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 8 19 9 18
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 6 13 7 14
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.7 1.2 0.4 0.2
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 1 3 1 2
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 17 44 8 30
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 81 53 91 68
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 48 52
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 85 76
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) 68 80
Maternity leave (weeks) 14 26
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 90 90
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 35
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 48 67 52 63
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 58 62 49 50
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 6.5 7.0 6.4 8.8
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
United States
High income
Population (millions) 309.7 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) 14,600.8 1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) 47,140
1990 2009
Female Male Female Male
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 953 953
Life expectancy at birth (years) 79 72 81 76
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 105 105 99 98
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 92 92 94 93
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 79 64 101 72
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 94 99
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 12 24
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 57 76 58 72
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 93 90 94 92
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 7 11 6 8
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 1 4 1 2
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 15 36 9 30
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 84 60 90 68
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 47 48
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 68 67
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 0 0
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 42
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 53 70 54 64
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 53 59 46 47
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 5.5 5.7 8.1 10.3
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Uruguay
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 76 69 80 73
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 108 109 112 115
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 89 75 94 82
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 83 48
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 97 92 108 104
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 98
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 39 27
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 48 76 54 76
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 73 68
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 27 32
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 24 26
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 3.0 0.9
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 0 0 5 16
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 22 40 13 29
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 78 60 83 56
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 42 46
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. 59
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 40
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 41 70 49 72
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 35 58 33 49
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 10.9 6.9 9.7 5.3
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Uzbekistan
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 953 953
Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 64 71 65
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 7 11
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 109 111 91 93
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 97 117 103 104
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 8 11
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 91 93
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 100 100
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 53 30
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 53 68 58 71
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 37 39
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 18
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 47 59 52 63
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 29 38 34 43
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 4.9 5.3
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Vanuatu
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 935 935
Life expectancy at birth (years) 65 62 73 69
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 97 105 111
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 16 20 49 45
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 4 6
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 82 85 83 83
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 85 87 94 94
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 79 88 79 88
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 39
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 12 ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. 50 ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Venezuela, RB
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 74 68 77 71
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 108 109 102 105
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 62 50 86 79
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 25 28 99 59
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 86 76 96 94
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 96 95 99 98
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 84 68
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 36 81 52 80
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 71 58 62 57
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 29 42 38 43
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 27 34 32 30
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 1.2 1.7 1.2 0.5
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 2 19 2 13
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 16 30 11 31
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 82 52 87 57
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 35 42
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) 66 ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 18 18
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 27
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 33 74 47 75
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 21 51 28 52
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 3.3 6.9
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 10.0 10.4 8.1 7.2
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Vietnam
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 67 64 77 73
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 4 5
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 107 .. ..
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 93 94 96 97
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 170 56
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 74 82 68 76
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 21 30
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 79 70
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 79 70
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 47.2 18.9
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 54 50
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 16 24
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 30 26
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 40
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. 20
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 22
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 72 80 66 74
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 75 74 49 51
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 21.6 21.0
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 2.4 1.9
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
High income
Population (millions) 0.11 Population living below
GNI ($ billions) .. $1.25 a day (%) ..
GNI per capita ($) ..
1990 2009
Female Male Female Male
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 943 943
Life expectancy at birth (years) 77 71 83 76
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. .. ..
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 44 80 49 72
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 48 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) .. .. .. ..
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 70 67 75 72
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 3 3
Female-headed households (%) .. ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 79 79
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 90 84
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 52 40
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 81 82
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) .. .. 99 99
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) .. ..
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 11 66 17 68
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 67 66
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 33 34
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 31 26
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 19.8 5.5
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 28 10
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 11 29
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. 60 60
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) .. 18
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. 53
Maternity leave (weeks) .. ..
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) .. ..
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 12
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 9 51 13 51
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 4 33 6 28
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) .. .. 38.6 17.7
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Yemen, Rep.
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 952 952
Life expectancy at birth (years) 55 54 65 62
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 47 41 11 10
Female-headed households (%) 12 ..
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 76 94
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) .. .. 30 61
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 2 7 6 14
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) .. .. 49 72
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 35 83 72 96
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 540 210
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 16 74 20 74
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 83 44 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 2 14 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 13 38 .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 6 6
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 10 9
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 70 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 4
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 12 65 15 64
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 8 37 9 36
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 15.9 20.7
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 3.9 9.3 40.9 11.5
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Zambia
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 971 971
Life expectancy at birth (years) 53 49 47 46
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) 85 91 55 66
Female-headed households (%) 16 24
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 95 104 112 113
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 15 26 44 53
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 1 3 .. ..
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 80 106 82 92
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 66 67 67 82
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 390 470
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 61 79 60 79
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 15 39 .. ..
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 82 58 .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 81 56 .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 55.7 27.8 .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) 56 47 .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) 3 15 .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) 18 22 .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 17 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 12
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 100 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. 19
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 52 61 53 68
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 35 41 40 49
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. 33.3 35.4
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 13.7 11.7 .. ..
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
Zimbabwe
Demography
Sex ratio at birth (females per 1,000 males) 980 980
Life expectancy at birth (years) 64 57 46 45
Child mortality rate (per 1,000) .. .. 21 21
Female-headed households (%) 33 38
Education
Gross primary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 100 101 103 104
Gross secondary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 44 50 39 43
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of relevant age group) 4 8 3 4
Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) 91 96 .. ..
Youth literacy rate (% of population ages 15-24) 94 97 99 98
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Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 390 790
Labor force and employment dynamics
Labor force participation (% of population ages 15+) 67 80 60 74
Wage and salaried workers (% of employed ages 15+) 18 54
Self-employed workers (% of employed ages 15+) 82 47 .. ..
Vulnerable employment (% of employed ages 15+) 82 47 .. ..
Unpaid family workers (% of employed ages 15+) 20.5 16.4 .. ..
Employment in agriculture (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in industry (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Employment in service (% of employed ages 15+) .. .. .. ..
Women in nonagricultural wage employment (%) 15 ..
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) .. ..
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) .. ..
Maternity leave (weeks) 12 13
Maternal leave benefits (% of wages paid) 60 100
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) .. ..
Employment to population ratio, total (% ages 15+) 64 75 58 71
Employment to population ratio, youth (% ages 15-24) 47 48 43 49
Children in employment (% of children ages 7–14) .. .. .. ..
Unemployment (% of labor force ages 15+) 7.9 6.5 4.1 4.2
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Notes
a. Data are for 2010.
b. Includes Taiwan, China.
c. Data are for the area controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus.
d. Excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
e. Excludes Transnistria.
f. Includes Former Spanish Sahara.
g. Covers mainland Tanzania only.
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
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Glossary
Adolescent fertility rate is the number of births per 1,000 women ages 15–19. (United
Nations Population Division)
Births attended by skilled health staff are the percentage of deliveries attended by personnel
trained to give the necessary care to women during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum; to
conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns. (United Nations Children’s Fund
and Macro International)
Children in employment are children ages 7-14 who are involved in any economic activity for
at least one hour in the reference week of the survey. (Understanding Children’s Work)
Child mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 of dying between ages 1 and 5—that is, the
probability of a 1-year-old dying before reaching age 5—if subject to current age-specific
mortality rates. (Macro International)
Contraceptive prevalence is the percentage of women married or in-union ages 15–49 who
are practicing, or whose sexual partners are practicing, any form of contraception. (United
Nations Children’s Fund and Macro International)
revision 2) or tabulation categories G–P (ISIC revision 3) and include wholesale and retail
trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance,
real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal service—in total
employment. (International Labour Organization)
Female headed household is the percentage of households with a female head. (Macro
International)
Female legislators, senior officials and managers refer to the share of legistlators, senior
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.
officials, and managers who are female. (OECD)
GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less
subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income
(compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S.
dollars. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official
exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when
the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate
actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange
rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a
conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years,
adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5
countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001,
these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Figures in italics are for years other than 2010. (World Bank)
GNI per capita is gross national income (GNI) converted to U.S. dollars using the World
Bank Atlas method divided by midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all
resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of
output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income)
from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at
official exchange rates for comparisons across economies. The World Bank Atlas method is
used to smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates. It averages the exchange rate for a
given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between
the country and the Euro zone, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Figures in
italics are for years other than 2010. (World Bank)
Gross primary enrollment ratio is the total enrollment in primary level, regardless of age, to
the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the primary education. (United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
Gross secondary enrollment ratio is the total enrollment in secondary level, regardless of
age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the secondary education.
(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Gross tertiary enrollment ratio is the total enrollment in tertiary level, regardless of age, to
the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the tertiary education. (United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is
economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services
during a specified period. (International Labour Organization)
Life expectancy at birth is the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life. (World
Bank staff estimates from various sources including census reports, the United Nations
Population Division’s World Population Prospects, national statistical offices, household
surveys conducted by national agencies, and Macro International)
Maternal leave benefits are percentage of the wage paid during the maternity leave. (United
Nations)
Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die from pregnancy-related causes
during pregnancy and childbirth per 100,000 live births. (World Health Organization, United
Nations Children’s Fund, United Nations Population Fund, and the World Bank)
Maternity leave is a number of weeks that the benefits are provided. (United Nations)
Population is the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of
legal status or citizenship—except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of
asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Figures
in italics are for years other than 2010. (World Bank staff estimates from various sources
including census reports, the United Nations Population Division’s World Population
Prospects, national statistical offices, household surveys conducted by national agencies, and
Macro International)
Population below $1.25 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $1.25 a
day at 2005 international prices. Data are the most recent estimate since 1990. Figures in
italics are for years other than 2009. (World Bank)
Pregnant women receiving prenatal care are the percentage of women attended to at least
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
once during pregnancy by skilled health personnel for reasons related to pregnancy. (United
Nations Children’s Fund and Macro International)
Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary
school. It is calculated by dividing the total number of students in the last grade of primary
school minus the number of repeaters in that grade by the total number of children of official
completing age. (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for
Statistics)
Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%) refers to female to male wages and
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
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salaries in manufacturing. (International Labour Organization)
Sex ratio at birth is the ratio of female to male births. (United Nations Population Division)
Self employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or
a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as “self-employment jobs.”
(International Labour Organization)
Total fertility rate is the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to
live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-
specific fertility rates. (World Bank staff estimates from various sources including census
reports, the United Nations Population Division’s World Population Prospects, national
statistical offices, household surveys conducted by national agencies, and Macro International)
Unemployment rate is the share of labor force without work but available for and seeking
employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment may differ by country. (International
Labour Organization)
Unmet need for contraception is the percentage of fertile, married women of reproductive
age who do not want to become pregnant and are not using contraception. (Macro
International)
Unpaid family workers are those who work without pay in a market-oriented establishment
operated by a related person living in the same household. (International Labour Organization)
Women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector is the share of female workers in
the nonagricultural sector (industry and services), expressed as a percentage of total
employment in the nonagricultural sector. Industry includes mining and quarrying (including oil
production), manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas, and water, corresponding to
divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3). Services
include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and
communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community,
social, and personal services, corresponding to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation
categories G-P (ISIC revision 3). (International Labour Organization)
Women’s share of part-time employment (% of total) is the female share of total part-time
workers. Part-time worker is an employed person whose normal hours of work are less than
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those of comparable full-time workers. Definition of part-time varies across countries.
(International Labour Organization)
Women first married by age 18 is the percentage of women ages 20-24 who were first
married by age 18. (United Nations Children’s Fund and Macro International)
Wage and salaried workers are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as “paid
employment jobs,” where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit
employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon
the revenue of the unit for which they work. (International Labour Organization)
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 to 24 that can, with understanding,
both read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. (United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Institute for Statistics)
Youth unemployment rate is the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but
available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment may differ
by country. (International Labour Organization)
Copyright © 2011. World Bank Publications. All rights reserved.
World, B 2011, LDB Gender, World Bank Publications, Herndon. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [1 June 2019].
Created from bolton on 2019-06-01 09:59:14.