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PRESENTADO POR:
ADRIANA BONILLA
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TUTOR:
JORGE ARMANDO AMADOR
𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 =
𝑃𝐾 (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓[𝑥0 𝑥1 ] (𝑥 − 𝑥0 ) 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 =
𝐷 (𝑃𝐾 ) = 𝑓 (𝑥0 − 𝑥1 )𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑎
𝟏
2. 𝑺𝒊 𝒔𝒆 𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒆 𝒂 = 𝟐 (𝒙𝟎 + 𝒙𝟏 ) 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒙𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏 𝒔𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒂𝒍 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒆𝒅𝒐𝒓 𝒅𝒆 𝒂 𝒚 𝒔𝒆
𝟏
𝒐𝒃𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒆 𝒋𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒏 𝒙𝟎 = 𝒂 − 𝒉, 𝒙𝟏 = 𝒂 + 𝒉, 𝒉= (𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )
𝟐 𝟏
𝐿𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙
𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑎 − ℎ)
𝑓(𝑎) ≈ 𝑓[𝑎 − ℎ, 𝑎 + ℎ] =
2ℎ
ℎ2 ′′
𝐸(𝐹) = 𝑓 (ɳ )
6
𝑥0 = 𝑎 − ℎ 𝑥1 = 𝑎 𝑥2 = 𝑎 + ℎ
𝑆𝑖 𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑒 𝑥0 , 𝑥1 𝑙𝑜 𝑠𝑢𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠, 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑓[𝑥0 , 𝑥1 ] 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑗𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛
1
𝑎 𝑓(𝑎)𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑎 = (𝑥 + 𝑥1 ) , 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑖 𝑎 = 𝑥0 𝑜
2 0
𝑎 = 𝑥1 𝑜 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑓[𝑥0 , 𝑥1 ] = 𝑓(𝑎) 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎
𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑥0 𝑦 𝑥1
𝑎, 𝑏
𝑎, 𝑎
𝑓(𝑥)
𝑎−ℎ 𝑎 𝑎+ℎ
𝑥0 = 𝑎 𝑥1 = 𝑎+h 𝑥2 = 𝑎 + 2ℎ
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 |𝜉 − 𝑎| < |ℎ| 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟, 𝑠𝑖 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 =
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 𝑃′′ 𝐾 (𝑥) + 2𝑓 [𝑥0 , … . . , 𝑥𝑘 , 𝑥, 𝑥, 𝑥] 𝛹𝐾 (𝑥) + 2𝑓 [𝑥0 , … . . , 𝑥𝑘 , 𝑥, 𝑥, 𝑥] 𝛹𝐾 (𝑥)
+𝑓[𝑥0 , … . . , 𝑥𝑘 , 𝑥] 𝛹′𝐾 (𝑥)……
𝑓 (𝐾) (𝑎)
= 𝐾! 𝑓[𝑥0 , … . . , 𝑥𝐾 ] 𝑑𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑏𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑎 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑠𝑖 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑥𝑖 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜 𝑠𝑢𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑠
𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑎.
𝐿𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 =
𝑚𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑟 𝑓 (𝑟+1) (𝜉) 𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑠,
𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 ℎ 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑗𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛.
𝐸𝑛 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎, 𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙.
𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠.
→ 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑙 𝑓𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜, 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒:
𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑎 − ℎ) ℎ2 𝑓 ′′′ (𝜉)
𝑓 ′ (𝑎) = −
2ℎ 6
𝐴𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒 𝑢𝑛 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎 =
𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ) ∗ 𝐸+ 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑓(𝑎 − ℎ) 𝑦 𝑓(𝑎. ℎ) + 𝐸− 𝑒𝑛 𝑙𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑓(𝑎 − ℎ) 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎
𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 =
𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ) 𝐸+ − 𝑓(𝑎 − ℎ) − 𝐸− 𝑓(𝑎 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑎 − ℎ) 𝐸+ − 𝐸−
𝑓′𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = = +
2ℎ 2ℎ 2ℎ
𝐸+ − 𝐸− ℎ2 𝑓 ′′′ (𝜉)
𝑆𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑎) = 𝑓′𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝− −
2ℎ 6
𝐴𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 𝑒𝑛 𝑓 𝑟 (𝑎) 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠 = 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑜 𝑦 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟
2 . 10−8 1
𝑅=± 𝑦 𝑇 = − ℎ2
2ℎ 6
𝑇𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑓 ′′ (𝜉) 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 =
10−8 1 2
|𝑅| + |𝑇| = + ℎ = 𝑔(ℎ)𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑔 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑎 =
ℎ 6
−10−8 ℎ
𝑔′ (ℎ) = + = 0 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒
ℎ2 3
ℎ3 = 3 . 10−8 ≈ 0,003 𝑎𝑠𝑖 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑗𝑜𝑟 ℎ 𝑐𝑎𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 0,01 𝑦 0,001.
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑣𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑚𝑜𝑠
𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠.
𝐶𝑢𝑦𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠 ln(2) ≈ 6,931472 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎
(2 − 1)
𝑛 = 2 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ℎ − = 0.5 𝑥0 = 1; 𝑥1 = 1,5; 𝑥2 = 2; 𝑎ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎
2
0,5 1 1 1
ln(2) ≈ [ + ] + 0,5 [ ] = 0,70833
2 1 2 1,5
(2 − 1)
𝐶𝑜𝑛 𝑛 = 4 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 ℎ = = 0,25; 𝑥0 = 1; 𝑥1 = 1,25; 𝑥2 = 1,5; 𝑥3 = 1,75; 𝑥2 = 2;
4
𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒:
0,25 1 1 1 1 1
ln(2) ≈ ( + ) + 0,25 ( + + ) = 0,69702
2 1 2 1,25 1,5 1,75
𝐿𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑠𝑖:
2
𝑑𝑥
∫
1 𝑥
𝐶𝑢𝑦𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠 ln(2) ≈ 6,931472 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠, 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎
(2 − 1)
𝑛 = 2, 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ℎ = = 0,5; 𝑥0 = 1; 𝑥1 = 1,5; 𝑥2 = 2; 𝑎ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎 =
2
0,5 1
ln(2) ≈ [1⁄1 + 4 (1⁄1,5) + ] = 0,69444
3 2
(2 − 1)
𝐶𝑜𝑛 𝑛 = 4 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 ℎ = = 0,25; 𝑥0 = 1, 𝑥1 = 1,25; 𝑥2 = 1,5; 𝑥3 = 1,75; 𝑥2 = 2
4
𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 =
0,25 1 1 1 1 1
ln(2) ≈ [ +4 ( ) +2( ) + 4( ) + ] = 0,693254
3 1 1,25 1,5 1,75 2
𝑂𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑖:
(𝑥¡ ; 𝑦¡ )
(𝑥¡ +1 , 𝑦¡ +1)
(𝑥¡ +2 , 𝑦¡ +2)
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥
𝑥¡ 𝑥¡ +1 𝑥¡ +2
𝑓(𝑥)
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑌¡ 𝑦¡ +1 𝑦¡ +2
A=2
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑥
𝑥 = −∆𝑥 0 𝑥 = ∆𝑥
1 𝐼𝑉
𝐸𝑇 = − 𝑓 (𝜉)(𝑥)5
90
𝑥¡ −1 < (𝜉) < 𝑥¡ +1
𝑌 = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 𝑌 = 𝑓(𝑥)
3
𝐸𝑇 = − 80 𝑓 𝐼𝑉 (𝜉) (∆𝑥)5
Ejercicio 4b
5,5
b. ∫1,5 𝑥 0,333 ln(1,098𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
1 1
𝑈𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑 𝑑𝑒 1, ,
2 4
(ℎ1 = 1)
0 1
1
[ℎ2 = ]
2 1 1
0
2
1
[ℎ3 = ]
4 1 3 1
0 1
4 2 4
1−0 2 2
𝐼 (ℎ1 ) = [𝑒 0 + 𝑒 1 ] = 1,859140914
2
1−0 2
1 2 2
( )
𝐼 (ℎ2 ) = [𝑒 0 + 2𝑒 2 + 𝑒 1 ] = 1,571583165
4
1 2 1 2 3 2 3 2
1−0 02 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
+ 𝑒 4
𝐼 (ℎ3 ) = [𝑒 + 2 [ 𝑒 4 + 𝑒 2 + 𝑒 4 ] ] = 1,490678862
8
𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑗𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒:
4 1
𝐼(ℎ2 ) − 𝐼(ℎ1 )
3 3
→ 𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝐼(ℎ1 ) 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎 (𝑙𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑏 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑠) 𝑒 𝐼(ℎ2 ) 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑠
1,859140914
4 1
(1,571583165) - 1,859140914 =1,475730582
3 3
1,571583165
4 1
(1,490678862) - 1,571583165 =1,463710761
3 3
1,490678862
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙, 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟
𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎.
4 1
𝐼(ℎ2 ) − 𝐼(ℎ1 )
3 3
𝑆𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟, 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑛𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙 3), 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑖:
16 1
𝐼𝑛 − 𝐼
15 15 𝐼
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒:
𝐼𝑛 → 𝐸𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎
𝐼𝐼 → 𝐸𝑠 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎
𝐴𝑠𝑖, 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑒𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑅𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑔 𝑒𝑠:
1
2
∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 1,46290944
0
𝑑𝑒 =
5,5
∫ 𝑥 0,3333 ln (1,098𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
1,5
3 1 9 1
( )2 ( )2
[ 2 − 2 ] = [4 − 4]
8 8 8 8
9 1 8 1
− = = 𝑒𝑛 𝑥
32 32 32 4
3
2 1
∫ 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
1 4
2
3 3
21 1 2 2 2
∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
1 4 4 1
2 2
3 3
1 𝑦3 2 𝑦3 2
.3
4 12
1 1
2 2
3 1 27 1
(2)3 (2)3 8
[ − ]=[ − 8]
12 12 12 12
27 1 26 13
= − = = 𝑒𝑛 𝑦
96 96 96 48
1 2
1
∫ ∫ (𝑥𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
0 1 4
1 2
1 13
∫ ∫ ( ) ( )2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
0 1 4 48
1 2
1 169
∫ ∫ ( )( ) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
0 1 4 2304
1 2
169
∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
0 1 9216
1 2
∫ ∫ 0,02 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
0 1
2
∫ 0,02 𝑑𝑥
1
2
0,02 𝑥
2
∫ 0,02 𝑑𝑦
1
0,02 𝑦
1
1
∫ (0,02) (0,02) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
0
1
∫ 0,0004 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
0
1
1
∫ 0,0004 𝑑𝑥 = 0,0004 𝑥 = 0,0004
0
0
1
1
∫ 0,0004 𝑑𝑦 = 0,0004 𝑦 = 0,0004
0
0
→ 0,00000016
0,0000002 ≈
𝒊 𝒙𝒊 𝒇 (𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛)
0 (−1, 𝑦, 𝑧) −1 − 2𝑦 𝑧
1 (−0.5 , 𝑦 , 𝑧) −0,125 − 2𝑦 𝑧
2 (0 , 𝑦 , 𝑧) −2𝑦 𝑧
3 (0,5 , 𝑦, 𝑧) 0,125 − 2𝑦 𝑧
4 (1 , 𝑦 , 𝑧) 1, −2𝑦 𝑧
5 ((1.5 , 𝑦 , 𝑧) 3,375 − 2𝑦 𝑧
6 (2 , 𝑦 , 𝑧) 8 − 2𝑦 𝑧
7 (2.5 , 𝑦 , 𝑧 ) 15,625 − 2𝑦 𝑧
8 (3 , 𝑦 , 𝑧) 27 − 2𝑦 𝑧
4 3 4
3ℎ𝑦
𝐼𝐼 = ∫ [∫ [20,5 − 8𝑦𝑧]𝑑𝑦] 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ [ [𝑔(𝑦0 , 𝑧) + 3𝑔 (𝑦1 , 𝑧) + 3𝑔 (𝑦2 , 𝑧) + 𝑔(𝑦3 , 𝑧)]] 𝑑𝑧
−4 0 −4 8
4 6 4
3ℎ𝑦
𝐼𝐼 = ∫ [∫ [20,5 − 8𝑦𝑧]𝑑𝑦] 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ [ [𝑔(𝑦3 , 𝑧) + 3𝑔 (𝑦4 , 𝑧) + 3𝑔 (𝑦5 , 𝑧) + 𝑔(𝑦6 , 𝑧)]] 𝑑𝑧
−4 3 0 8
𝒊 𝒚𝒊 𝒈(𝒚, 𝒛)
0 (0, 𝑧) 20,5
1 (1, 𝑧) 20,5 − 8 𝑧
2 (2, 𝑧) 20,5 − 10𝑧
3 (3, 𝑧) 20,5 − 24 𝑧
4 (4 , 𝑧) 20,5 − 32𝑧
5 (5 , 𝑧) 20,5 − 40 𝑧
6 (6, 𝑧) 20,5 − 48𝑧
4
𝐼𝐼 = ∫ (61,5 − 36𝑧) 𝑑𝑧
−4
4
𝐼2 = ∫ (61,5 − 108𝑧) 𝑑𝑧
−4
4
𝐼 = 𝐼𝐼 + 𝐼𝐼 = ∫ [123 − 144𝑍] 𝑑𝑧
−4
4 5 4
ℎ𝑧
𝐼 = ∫ (123 − 144𝑍) 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ 𝑥0 + 4 ∑ 𝑖 (𝑥𝑖 ) + 2 ∑ 𝑖 (𝑥1 ) + 𝑖(𝑥8 )
−4 3
𝑖=1 𝑖=2
[ ∆1 =2 ∆1=2 ]
𝑧8 − 𝑧0 4 − (−4)
ℎ𝑧 = = =1
8 8
𝑆𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎:
𝒊 𝒚𝒊 𝒈(𝒚, 𝒛)
0 −4 699
1 −3 555
2 −2 411
3 −1 267
4 0 123
5 1 −21
6 2 −165
7 3 −309
8 4 −453
4
(1)
𝐼 = ∫ [(123 − 144𝑧)] 𝑑𝑧 = [699 + 4(492) + 2(369) − 453] = 984
−4 3
Ejercicio 6b
𝑦(0) = 4; h = 0.5_3_ y considerando que Xo = 0. El espacio para h lo
completa con la última cifra de su documento
𝑥0 = 0 , 𝑦0 = 4
𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ∶
𝑥𝑖 + 1 = 𝑥𝑖 + ℎ
𝑦𝑖 + 1 = 𝑦𝑖 + ℎ𝑓(𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑖 )
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒:
√0,9𝑦
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) =
𝑥 1,125
+1
𝑎𝑠𝑖:
𝑥1 = 𝑥0 + 0,53 = 0,53
1,8974
𝑦1 = 𝑦0 + 0,53 ( ) = 6,0056
1
𝑥2 = 𝑥1 + 0,53 = 1,06
2,1023
𝑦2 = 𝑦1 + 0,53 ( ) = 5,7805
1,4375
𝑥3 = 𝑥2 + 0,53 = 1,59
2,2475
𝑦3 = 𝑦2 + 0,53 ( ) = 6,3898
1,9551
𝑥4 = 𝑥3 + 0,53 = 2,12
2,3554
𝑥4 = 𝑦3 + 0,53 ( ) = 0,8877
2,5071
𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠:
𝑦1 = 𝑦0 + 5,0056 𝑥1 = 𝑥0 + 0,53
𝑦2 = 𝑦1 + 5,7805 𝑥2 = 𝑥1 + 1,06
𝑦3 = 𝑦2 + 6,3898 𝑥3 = 𝑥2 + 1,59
𝑦4 = 𝑦3 + 6,8877 𝑥4 = 𝑥3 + 2,12
Ejercicio 7b
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = cos(𝑥𝑦)
𝑓´𝑥(𝑥, 𝑦) = −𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥𝑦)
𝑓´𝑦(𝑥, 𝑦) = −𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (𝑥𝑦)
𝐿𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑛:
𝑥0 = 0 ; 𝑥1 = 0,13 ; 𝑥2 = 0,26 ; 𝑥3 = 0,39 ; 𝑥4 = 0,52
𝐹𝑎𝑠𝑒 1
𝐿𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜:
(0,13)2
𝑦𝑗 + 1 = 𝑦𝑗 + 0,25 𝑓 (𝑥𝑗 , 𝑦𝑗 ) + [𝑓´𝑥 (𝑥, 𝑦𝑗 ) + 𝑓´𝑦 (𝑥, 𝑦𝑗 ) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦𝑗 )]
2
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠:
𝑥0 = 0 , 𝑦0 = 1
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠:
𝑓(0,1) = 1 𝑓 ′ 𝑥(0,1) = 0
𝑓 ′ 𝑦(0,1) = 0
(0,13)2
𝑦1 = 𝑦0 + 0,25 𝑓 (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) + [𝑓´𝑥 (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) + 𝑓´𝑦 (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) 𝑓(𝑥0 , 𝑦0 )]
2
(0,13)2
= 1 + 0,13 + (0) = 1,13
2
𝐹𝑎𝑠𝑒 2:
𝑥1 = 0,13𝑦1 = 1,13
𝑓(0,13 ; 1,13) = 0,9999
𝑓´𝑥 (0,13 ; 1,13) = −8,0066 𝑥 103
𝑓´𝑦 (0,13 ; 1,13) = −1,7514 𝑥 103
(0,13)2
𝑦2 = 𝑦1 + 0,25 𝑓 (𝑥1 ; 𝑦1 ) + [𝑓´𝑥 (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) + 𝑓´𝑦 (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) 𝑓(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 )]
2
(0,13)2
= 1,13 + 0,2499 + [−9,8156 𝑥 103 ]
2
= 1,13 + 0,2499 + (−0,0001)
= 1,13 + 0,2499 − 0,0001
= 1,13 + 0,2499 − 0,0001
= 1,3798 → 1,3798
𝐹𝑎𝑠𝑒 3:
𝑥2 = 0,26 𝑦2 = 1,3798
𝑓(0,26 ; 1,3798) = 0,9998
𝑓´𝑥 (0,26 ; 1,3798) = −0,02287
𝑓´𝑦 (0,26 ; 1,3798) = −8,3711 𝑥 103
(0,13)2
𝑦3 = 𝑦2 + 0,25 𝑓 (𝑥2 ; 𝑦2 ) + [𝑓´𝑥 (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) + 𝑓´𝑦 (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) 𝑓(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )]
2
(0,13)2
= 1,3798 + 0,2499 + [−0,03124 ]
2
= 1,3798 + 0,2499 + (−0,0003)
= 1,6294
𝐹𝑎𝑠𝑒 4
𝑥3 = 0,39 𝑦3 = 1,6294
𝑓(0,39 ; 1,6294) = 0,9996
𝑓´𝑥 (0,39 ; 1,6294) = −0,0463
𝑓´𝑦 (0,39 ; 1,6294) = −0,0218
(0,13)2
𝑦4 = 𝑦3 + 0,25 𝑓 (𝑥3 ; 𝑦3 ) + [𝑓´𝑥 (𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) + 𝑓´𝑦 (𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) 𝑓(𝑥3 , 𝑦3 )]
2
(0,13)2
= 1,6294 + 0,2499 + [−0,0680 ]
2
= 1,6294 + 0,2499 + (−0,0006)
= 1,8787
Ejercicio 8b
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥
𝑦(𝑥0 )= 𝑦0
𝑥𝑖 + 1 = 𝑦𝑖 + (𝑎1 𝑘1 + 𝑎2 𝑘2 ) ℎ
𝑘1 = 𝑓 (𝑥2 , 𝑦1 )
𝑘2 = 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 + 𝑃1 ℎ, 𝑦1 + 𝑞1,1 𝑘1
2
𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑅𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛 → 𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎2 = , 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒
3′
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑛 =
1 2
𝑦𝑖+1 = 𝑦𝑖 + ( 𝑘1 + 𝑘2 ) ℎ
3 3
𝑘1 = 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 , 𝑦1 )
3 3
𝑘2 = 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 + ℎ, 𝑦𝑖 + 𝑘1 ℎ
4 4
𝑎𝑠𝑖
𝑘1 = 𝑓(0,3) = 0
𝑘2 = 𝑓(036,3) = 3,87
𝑥1 = 0 + 0,53 = 0,53
1 2
𝑦1 = 3 + ( (0) + (3,87)) 0.53
3 3
𝑦1 = 4,3674
𝑘1 = 𝑓(0.53 , 4.3674) = 6,82
𝑦2 = 9,3777
𝑘1 = 𝑓(1,06 , 9,3777)
𝑘1 = 5,33
𝑘2 = −24,79
𝑋3 = 1,06 + 0,53
𝑋3 = 1,59
1 2
𝑦3 = 9,3777 + ( (5,33) + (−24,79)) 0,53
3 3
𝑦3 = 1,5602