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KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
KASUS 1
Tn. M, 54 tahun. Mengeluh panas dan
batuk 3 hari, DM (+), riwayat merokok,
belum pernah MRS sebelumnya. Belum
pernah mengkonsumsi antibiotik
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KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
Pemeriksaan
Anamnesis
Fisik
Pemeriksaan Pemeriksaan
Laboratorium Radiologi
PPRA KEMENKES RI,
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KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
Patogenesis Infeksi
Mikroba
Pejamu
Patogen
Dissregulasi
Localized Infeksi Sistemik
Infection Infeksi Fokal
Disfungsi
Organ
SSC 2016 4
Research
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES For construct validity, pairwise agreement was assessed.
For predictive validity, the discrimination for outcomes (primary: in-hospital mortality;
secondary: in-hospital mortality or intensive care unit [ICU] length of stay "3 days) more
common in sepsis than uncomplicated infection was determined. Results were expressed as
the fold change in outcome over deciles of baseline risk of death and area under the receiver
operating characteristic curve (AUROC).
RESULTS In the primary cohort, 148 907 encounters had suspected infection (n = 74 453
derivation; n = 74 454 validation), of whom 6347 (4%) died. Among ICU encounters in the
validation cohort (n = 7932 with suspected infection, of whom 1289 [16%] died), the predictive
Sepsis 1,2 à Sepsis 3
SOFA
X Sepsis + hipotensi refrakter
yang memerlukan vasopressor
KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
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KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
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Guidelines 2016
B
Resusitasi Antibiotik Bijak
Adekwat Source control
ANTIBIOTIK • ALOS
• Tindakan
• Sarana
• Pemeriksaan
• Morbiditas
• Mortalitas
HAIs AMR • Biaya
• Rasa tidak nyaman
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KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
PK/PDMemahami
princip
PK,PD, dan PK/PD
PK
Concentration in
non targeted site Toxicity
PD
A Plasma
D concentration
changing in
M time
E
Concentration Therapeutic
on in
Maksimalkan efek terapi, in action site effect
d site Toxicity
Hindari toksisitas… Protein binding,
MAX
Cmax, Cmin,
Half-life,
AUC,
Tissue,
MIN Distribution
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W.A. Graig
on Therapeutic
e effect
KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
PK/PD properties of ATB
DOSIS, TIMING, DAN CARA PEMBERIAN ANTIBIOTIK YANG
TIDAK TEPAT MEMICU MUTASI BAKTERI à RESISTENSI
C (max) AUC
Peak C (min)
Plasma
concentration
changing in
time
Konsentrasi ANTIBIOTIK
Plasma concentration
dalam plasma sangat
of ATB definesefek
mempengaruhi the terapi
ATB
effect
dan kejadian AMR
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patients are due both to drug and disease factors. From
o
Hypoalbuminemia
a drug perspective, the hydrophilicity and lipophilicity
e
of the molecule will influence Vd and CL of a drug.9 Protein binding is a factor that may influence the
us
β-lactams, amynoglycosides, glycopetides are hy- Vd and CL of many antibiotics. Hypoalbuminemic
drophilic agents with renal clearance and Vd affected states (a common finding in the critically ill) can result
by the total body water (TBW) volume, while fluoro- in a higher unbound concentration that has up to 100%
al
quinolones, macrolides, oxazolidinones, glycylcy- increased CL and 90% greater Vd.12,13
KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
ci
er
m
om
-c
Early Sepsis Late Sepsis
on
N
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KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
Tabel
Pola Kepekaan Antibiotik E. coli penghasil ESBL
RSDS RSSA RSDM RSDK RSSD RSP TOTAL
Cefotaxime 0.17 0.00 NA 1.57 3.31 NA 0,78
Ceftriaxone 0.00 0.00 2.62 5.93 NA 0.00 1,19
Ceftazidime 0.17 0.00 12.07 4.19 8.33 0.00 3,83
Cefepime 0.34 42.06 26.21 9.42 25.62 0.00 12,78
Ciprofloxasin 16.10 29.37 10.00 18.32 7.50 10.42 15,21
Amikacin 97.95 95.24 82.99 96.34 73.33 98.96 92,4
Gentamycin 61.43 69.05 62.15 10.99 56.30 63.54 55,12
Fosfomycin 92.86 100.00 NA 78.57 82.89 NA 90,85
Piperacillin-
49.57 76.19 NA 76.44 65.81 66.67 60,4
tazobactam
Cefoperazone-
53.85 NA 83.33 72.73 57.98 15.63 57,08
sulbactam
Meropenem 99.83 98.41 98.96 95.29 94.96 100.00 98,51
Levofloxacin 20.14 29.37 9.00 21.48 15.38 10.42 17,66
Tigecyclin 78.08 99.21 97.92 99.48 40.63 100.00 94,67
Data surveillance PPRA -Balitbangkes-WHO 2013
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KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
CID 2003;37:752–60
REVIEW Open Access
Review
Offir Ben-Ishay11, Walter L. Biffl12, Arianna Birindelli13, Miguel A. Cainzos14, Gianbattista Catalini1, Marco Ceresoli7,
a
Department of Clinical Pharmacology and b Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical
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Asri Che Jusoh15, Osvaldo Chiara16, Federico Coccolini7, Raul Coimbra17, Francesco Cortese18, Zaza Demetrashvili19,
University of Vienna, Vienna, and c Main Association of the Austrian Social Security Institutions, Vienna, Austria
Salomone Di Saverio , Jose J. Diaz , Valery N. Egiev , Paula Ferrada , Gustavo P. Fraga , Wagih M. Ghnnam24,
13 20 21 22 23
Jae Gil Lee25, Carlos A. Gomes26, Andreas Hecker27, Torsten Herzog28, Jae Il Kim29, Kenji Inaba30, Arda Isik31,
Aleksandar Karamarkovic32, Jeffry Kashuk33, Vladimir Khokha34, Andrew W. Kirkpatrick35, Yoram Kluger36,
Kaoru Koike37, Victor Y. Kong38, Ari Leppaniemi39, Gustavo M. Machain40, Ronald V. Maier41, Sanjay Marwah42,
Michael E. McFarlane43, Giulia Montori7, Ernest E. Moore44, Ionut Negoi45, Iyiade Olaoye46, Abdelkarim H. Omari47,
Carlos A. Ordonez48, Bruno M. Pereira23, Gerson A. Pereira Júnior49, Guntars Pupelis50, Tarcisio Reis51,
Key Words Methodological recommendations derived from the collect-
Antibiotics · Cerebrospinal fluid · Infection · In vitro ed studies are summarized in order to optimize future re- Boris Sakakhushev52, Norio Sato53, Helmut A. Segovia Lohse40, Vishal G. Shelat54, Kjetil Søreide55,64,
search on the topic. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel Waldemar Uhl28, Jan Ulrych56, Harry Van Goor57, George C. Velmahos58, Kuo-Ching Yuan59, Imtiaz Wani60,
Dieter G. Weber61, Sanoop K. Zachariah62 and Fausto Catena63
KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
JAMA 2003 22
KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
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KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
?
37,5
Demam menetap • Komplikasi
• Kesadaran Leukosit, PC, CRP. • Fokal infeksi lain
• Deteksi komplikasi Foto toraks
• Resisten antibiotik
LP, CT-scan, dll
• Amati gejala lain • Dosis suboptimal
• Rute tidak tepat
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 • Salah diagnosis
Hari rawat • Drug fever
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KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
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KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
Streamline antibiotics
Streamlining adalah salah satu cara yang sangat bermanfaat agar
penggunaan antibiotik lebih bijak, membatasi resistensi bakteri dan
meningkatkan kualitas perawatan pasien. Caranya dengan..
1. Pergantian rute parenteral ke oral
2. Menghentikan antibiotik yang tidak perlu sesuai hasil kultur
3. Mengganti antibiotik dengan yang ..
• lebih efektif
• lebih sempit spektrumnya
• kurang toksik
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KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
KASUS 2
Tn. M, 64 tahun. Mengeluh batuk dan
sesak 5 hari. DM (+), tidak merokok,
belum pernah MRS sebelumnya.
Konsumsi obat : antihipertensi dan OAD
T: 200/70; N:120x/mnt; RR: 36 x/mnt;
suhu : 38 oC. Rhonki di kedua
hemitoraks. SpO2 90% dengan masker
10 lpm.
Leuko 16.300. CRP : 53
Diagnosis nya apa ?
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KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
KASUS 3
Tn. M, 44 tahun. Mengeluh sesak dan
demam sejak 4 hari. DM (+), merokok,
keluar vesikel sejak 3 hari (diduga varisela).
Terapi : pulmicort nebul à tidak membaik
T: 150/70; RR: 28 x/mnt retraksi;
N:128x/mnt; gelisah, suhu 38 oC. Rhonki di
kedua hemitoraks. SpO2 100% dengan
masker 10 lpm.
Leuko 6.700.
Diagnosisnya apa ?
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KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
mottling skin
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KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
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KOMITE PENGENDALIAN RESISTENSI ANTIMIKROBA
Terima Kasih
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