BIRDS OF GUATEMALA

Highland Maya Ethnoornithology

The central highlands of Guatemala, the ancestral lands of the
Q'eqchi' Maya, is home to a stunning diversity of bird species.
Since ancient times, the Q'eqchi' Maya people have been
carefully watching and listening to birds. For the Q'eqchi'
Maya, birds are divine messengers, harbingers of good or ill
fortune, and manifestations of divine presence. Birds are the
servants of mountain-valley god, Kawa Tzul-Taqa.

Hike out to any far-flung, outback, community in the central

highlands and you will find very few Spanish speakers. Here
the dominate language is Q'eqchi' Maya. People here are
intimately connected with the natural and super natural world
around them, especially with birds. People in remote, rural
communities spend most of their time outside. The Q'eqchi'
Maya are remarkably tuned into the avian-soundscape around
them.
Walking through the forest in the Sierra Sacranix
© 2008 Rob Cahill, San Pedrito, Alta Verapaz
In traditional Q'eqchi' Maya belief bird vocalization are
communications with the mountain-valley god. Bird songs and
calls can be prayers, praises, thanksgiving, announcements, or
omens. Birds are feathered epiphanies, winged revelations.
They are servants of the divine creator.

One of the most fascinating functions of bird sounds is that of

"saying down the rain," or "chi xyeb'al li hab'." In the Q'eqchi'
cosmovision, rain sayers, "aj yehol hab'", are an entire category
of birds found in a wide variety of bird families.

The foremost rain sayer is the swift, the most common of

which in the Q'eqchi' area is the enormous White-collared
Swift (Streptoprocne zonaris mexicanus). The Q'eqchi' name for
Swifts is wilix (pronounced güílish) but since this bird's
presence and call is so closely connected with the coming of
the rain, the Q'eqchi' also name this bird: "aj yehol hab'" the
rain sayer.

José Maria Tzub Tz'i' stands at the edge of his cornfield. A

cloud of White-collared Swifts ascends from the mouth of a
limestone cave, up into the dome of the graying sky, with
explosive, screeching, chattering cries. José Maria explains:
"The swifts are sent to fetch down the rain. They are crying as
they run their errand. Some are naughty and their cries are
disagreeable." When the sky fills with Swifts, Q'eqchi' peasant
farmers begin to look for rain.

Brown-backed Solitaire(Myadestes occidentalis) In Q'eqchi': Xalau Cocpim

© 2007 Rob Cahill, Fuentes Georginas, Zunil, Quetzaltenango
Solitaires (genus Myadestes)
Two other birds hold a peculiar cultural interest in the category
of rain sayer. They are two Solitaires, genus Myadestes,
commonly found in the central highlands. The Slate-colored
Solitaire (Myadestes unicolor) is endemic to the cloud forests of
the highlands of northern Mesoamerica. The Brown-backed
Solitaire (Myadestes occidentalis) is commonly heard in
montane, pine-oak, and second growth forests of the same
region in Guatemala, extending north through Mexico.

The Q'eqchi' Maya consider both Solitaires to be rain sayers.

Both species they consider to be special servants of Kawa Tzul-
Taqa. In the Q'eqchi' language Solitaire is Xalau (pronounced
Shalau). The Slate-colored Solitaire (Myadestes unicolor) they
call Xalau Kiche' or 'forest solitaire.' The Brown-backed
Solitaire (Myadestes occidentalis) they call Xalau Kok-pim or
'Solitaire of the second growth.' Q'eqchi' people say that the
Xalau Kiche', (Myadestes unicolor), sings in the Q'eqchi'
language and that the Xalau Kok-pim, Myadestes occidentalis,
sings in the Pocomchi' language. The Pocomchi' Maya
neighbor the Q'eqchi' Maya to the south and west, areas
dominated by Montane, pine-oak forests.

In the cloud forest above Coban, the Slate-colored Solitaire

dominates the soundscape. Its haunting, ethereal song fits the
other-worldly character of the landscape, the subtle,
shimmering gleam of the mist drenched forest.
Clay-colored Robin(Turdus grayi) In Q'eqchi': K'ok'ob

© 2008 Rob Cahill, Finca Chi Poc, Coban, Alta Verapaz

Other Thrushes (Turdus and Catharus)
Other noteworthy rain sayers, besides the genus Myadestes, are
found in the thrush family (Turdidae), a family known for its
exquisite songs. The heavy bodied thrushes of the Turdus
genus are called in Q'eqchi' K'ok'ob the The Black Thrush
(Turdus infuscatus) named Keki K'ok'ob by the Q'eqchi' is a
rain sayer. Its song of doublets and triplets captures the
imagination of the Q'eqchi' Maya, as their language loves
doublets. Q'eqchi' prayer and poetry is filled with doublets.
The Q'eqchi' say the Black Thrush (K'ok'ob) is in prayer when
it sings. The Black Thrush song fits beautifully into the
language and culture of the Q'eqchi'.

Two other birds in the family Turdidae are considered rain

sayers: the Spotted Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus dryas
ovandensis) called in Q'eqchi' Q'an Oqel and the Ruddy-
capped Nightingale-Thrush (Catharus frantzii), known to the
Q'eqchi' as Q'an Oqel Re Kiche'. The songs of these two
species also say the rain.

Thrush songs, more than the songs of other families of birds,

seem to transcend spatial limitations. Thrush song penetrate,
not only the dense cloak of bromeliads and moss covered laurel
trees of the cloud forest, but even the azure dome of the sky,
like a fugue of J. S. Bach or the whispered prayer of a bereft
widow. Rain sayers sing beyond the stars and their prayers are
answered as the clouds draw down, entwining themselves
among the tops of the oak trees of the cloud forest.

Plain Chachalacas(Ortalis vetula) In Q'eqchi': Jayketzo'

© 2008 Rob Cahill, Santa Elena, Peten

Chachalacas and other Cracids (Ortalis and Guans)
No list of rain sayers would be complete without mentioning a
bird that some consider a rain sayer and some consider a sun
sayer. Rain or shine, the Plain Chachalaca (Ortalis vetula) is as
dominant in the soundscape of the montane forests and scrub
as it is prevalent in the cultural landscape of the Q'eqchi'
Maya. The most common of the Cracids in central Guatemala,
this bird has an interesting cultural profile for the Q'eqchi'.
The Q'eqchi' name for the Plain Chachalaca is
onomatopoetically derived from the bird's incessant, raucous,
three syllable call, hai - ke - tzo, giving it the name Jayketzo'.
Half-hour before dawn Chachalacas being to call. They keep it
up until dawn. This gives them the fame of sun sayer.

Chachalacas call in chorus. It is rare to hear just one vocalizing

at a time. When flock of Chachalacas (known as
"Collaboration of Chachalacas") breaks out into a cacophony
of cries, Q'eqchi' farmers hear in these cries the distress of the
hungry. Whether the Chachalacas cry out for rain or sun the
basis of their clamor is the same. They plead that the mountain
and the sky would provide enough of all the needed elements:
moisture from the clouds, light from the sun, nutrients from
the soil, that fecundity, goodness, balance and abundance
would reign.

Lesser Roadrunner(Geococcyx velox melanchim) In Q'eqchi': Ixnam (lit. sister-in-

law)

© 2007 Rob Cahill, Ridgecrest, California

Lesser Roadrunner (Geococcyx)
Highland Maya Ethnoornithology: Ixnam or the Sister-in-
Law Bird
The Q'eqchi' Maya people listen closely to bird vocalizations.
This is evidenced by the fact that a majority of Q'eqchi' Maya
bird names are onomatopoetically derived. This means that the
Q'eqchi' Maya believe that many birds vocalize their own
name. There is one peculiar vocalization on the soundscape of
Alta Verapaz that has been the occasion for an unusual
example of name-calling. The low mournful moaning cries of
the Lesser Roadrunner can be heard in the second growth
vegetation of the abandoned cornfields. The moaning of the
Lesser Roadrunner suggests a profound sadness.

The Q'eqchi' Maya have a legend that explains the naming of

this bird and why it cries so plaintively.

Once-upon-a-time a young woman left the home of her

mother and father and went to live with the family of her new
husband. After living with her new family for one month, she
became homesick and wished to return to her mother and
father. She told her young husband of her desire to return
home. Her request saddened him. A dispute arose between her
and her new family. Finally, she decided to go alone and in
secret. She left in the dead of night and she walked for hours to
get to the house of her parents. At dawn she arrived to find the
house empty and abandoned. She searched and she called but
no one answered. Finally she walked to the house of a
neighbor. There she learned that her family mysteriously had
disappeared.

The young woman was distraught. She fled from the place and
began to return to the house of her husband and his family.
She cried as she ran. Pain and sorrow entered into her heart.
By the time she arrived, she had become a gaunt, thin bird,
with long neck and tail. She arrived in this condition at the
house of her young husband but she did not enter into the
house. She stayed outside at a distance and cried in her low
mournful moaning voice.
Today the Q'eqchi' Maya people name the Lesser
Roadrunning "Li Ixnam" - the sister-in-law bird.

Green Violet-ear (Colibri thalassinus) In Q'eqchi': Qeqitz'unun (lit. black-

hummingbird)

© 2008 Rob Cahill, Chelemha', Alta Verapaz

Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Highland Maya Ethnoornithology: Tz'unun: The Maya and
their hummingbirds
From ancient times to the present, the Maya people have
revered the hummingbird as a manifestation of the sun and a
symbol of life. Hummingbirds represent male fertility Today,
the Q'eqchi' Maya revere the hummingbird as a vibrant symbol
of life. The hummingbird is a common motif in Q'eqchi'
weaving. Women weave it into the blouses (huipiles). An
infertile woman will seek an encounter with hummingbirds, a
kind of winged sacrament that can increase her chances of
conception.

In Q'eqchi' Maya lore, the god Baalam Kej, or Jaguar-Deer,

turns himself into a hummingbird in order to bypass the
jealous father of Lady Moon (the moon goddess). Lady Moon
encounters the hummingbird while she is fetching water at the
stream. The hummingbird is so brilliant and shining that she is
irresistably drawn to its beauty and grace. The Hummingbird
allows itself to be caught by Lady Moon. She puts the
hummingbird in her blouse (huipil) between her breasts and
takes it home. Lady Moon's father, Qaawa' Tzuul Taq'a (the
creator-supreme god) builds a house for the hummingbird in
Lady Moon's sleeping quarters. In this way, Baalam Kej, wins
his way into Lady Moon's bedroom in the guise of a
hummingbird. They elope that night and Jaguar-Deer, who is
the sun-god, and the moon goddess are a match made in the
heavens that has lasted from the dawn of time until now.
Today Q'eqchi' women weave the hummingbird into their
blouses (huipils) as a reminder of this story. The Q'eqchi'
maintain flower gardens along the sides of their houses because
a hummingbird is a noble guest, the embodiment of the sun.

Derivation: The word 'hummingbird' in Q'eqchi' is tz'unun, a

word that derives from the verbal root: tz'ub' - (infinitive form:
tz'ub'uk, to kiss or suck). In the Chorti Maya language: tz'u'n,
to suck, to nurse from the breast. Thus the word tz'unun
derives from the hummingbirds' ability to suck nectar from
flowers. The word tz'unun appears in compound nouns as well
tu'tz-tz'unun is a native wild flower of the cloud forest, literally
translated, this wildflower is called "hummingbird marigold."
Tz'unun or a close derivitive means hummingbird in nearly
every Maya language.

Amethyst-throated Hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens) In Q'eqchi': Kaqitz'unun (lit.

red-hummingbird)
© 2008 Rob Cahill, Chelemha', Baja Verapaz

Magnificent Hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens) In Q'eqchi': Raxitz'unun (lit. green-

hummingbird)
© 2008 Rob Cahill, Puruhla, Baja Verapaz

Since hummingbirds are fairly difficult to distinguish, Q'eqchi'

nomenclature has not developed within the family Trochilidae
as much as in other families. Locally, in communities
bordering the cloud forest, there is species specific
nomenclature. Above are three examples: Green Violet-ear,
Amethyst-throated, and Magnificent

Band-backed Wren (Campylorhynchus zonatus restrictus) In Q'eqchi': Sach'aj

© 2007 John Cahill, Santiago Atitlan, Solola

Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Highland Maya Ethnoornithology: The Sach'aj or Band-
backed Wren and a cure for worts
The Band-backed Wren (Campylorhynchus zonatus restrictus) is
a boisterous, talkative resident of the trees and bushes of scrub,
edge and second growth. He commands attention and his
repetative call looms large on the soundscape in the areas he
inhabits. One might guess that a bird this conspicuous must
have earned its own name among the Q'eqchi' people and
indeed, it has earned, not only a name, but lore as well.

The Q'eqchi' word "bolich," generically refers to small wrens.

The wrens of the Campylorhynchus genus, those closely
related to the Cactus Wren, are bulkier and generally not quite
as classy as the small wrens. The Q'eqchi' distinguish between
these two groups of wrens, resisting the epitate "bolich" for the
large wrens and applying "bolich" to generically to most small
bodied wrens.

The name "Sach'aj" is onomatopoetically derived.

Agroecologist Ricardo Ical Chub convincingly imitates the
bird on the sound clip, pronoucing the sound with the
phonetic componates of the name. Many bird names are
onomatopoetically derived in the Q'eqchi' language.

The pied plumage might have something to do with the

derivation of the name Sach'aj, as Ricardo Ical Chub
cryptically explains, "sac" (white) and ch'aj (wash), it's the pied
plumage that helps give it its name.
Ricardo goes on to explain some of the lore connected to this
bird: if you have fungus or warts, this bird can cure you. When
the bird starts to give its call, start dancing to the beat. Dance
to the music the bird makes and you will lose your warts, your
fungus, pretty much any skin issues you might be having.
So if you begin to hear the raspy, repetative chattering call of
the Band-backed Wren, start dancing to its rythm. Who
knows, maybe it cures more than warts.

Band-backed Wren
© 2008 Rob Cahill, Coban, Alta Verapaz

Southern House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) In Q'eqchi': Bolich

© 2008 John Cahill, Coban, Alta Verapaz

http://www.cloudforestconservation.org/community/ethnoornithology.php

Noteworthy Observations
This 17-day birding tour of the Saxon Ornithologist's Association
led through three major regions of Guatemala: the Pacific and
Atlantic lowlands and the highlands. A total of 25 species live in
the North Central American Pacific Slope (Endemic Bird Area-
EBA017) and in the North Central American Highland (EBA018).
Of these species, 17 were seen during this tour. Noteworthy
were observation of three species which occur exclusively in
isolated areas in the highland of Guatemala and Chiapas, the
southernmost Mexican state. We saw Horned Guan (Oreophasis
derbianus) in the cloud forest of Atitlan Volcano at an elevation
of 2600 m.

Horned Guan Oreophasis derbianus, 28 April 2008.

The Azure-rumped Tanager (Tangara cabanisi) lives at the
elevation between 1000 and 1700 m, exclusively in the Pacific
slope mountains. Large areas of humid broadleaf forests in this
zone have been converted to coffee plantations about 200 years
ago, causing much habitat loss for the tanager. Today, Azure-
rumped tanagers occurs locally, and we saw several adults in
the Los Tarrales Reserve. Mixed forest above 2500 m are the
main habitat for Pink-headed Warblers (Ergaticus versicolor). At
Cerro Tecpan we could observe a nest-attending pair.
A total of 345 bird species were recorded during this tour, of
which 35 where only heard. Most exotic species were certainly
the guans, parrots, hummingbirds, trogons, motmots, puffbirds,
and toucans. We saw all of the six species of guans occurring in
Guatemala: Horned Guan (Oreophasis derbianus) and White-
bellied Chachalaca (Ortalis leucogastra) in the Los Tarrales
Reserve; Plain Chachalaca (Ortalis vetula), Crested Guan
(Penelope purpurascens), and Great Curassow (Crax rubra) in
Tikal; and Highland Guan (Penelopina nigra) in the Chelemha
Reserve. In Los Tarrales we saw a pair of Yellow-naped Parrots
as well as Pacific and Orange-chinned Parakeets (Aratinga
strenua and Brotogeris jugularis). Tikal was as expected
outstanding for the observation of Atlantic slope parrots: Red-
lored, White-fronted, and Mealy Parrot (Amazona autumnalis, A.
albifrons, A. farinosa), White-crowned Parrot (Pionus senilis),
and Olive-throated Parakeet (Aratinga nana). A total of 38
hummingbird species are reported for Guatemala, of which 21
were seen on this tour. We observed six trogon species, of which
the Resplendent Quetzal (Pharomachrus mocinno), Guatemala's
national bird, is the largest species. After brief sightings of
several males, females, and juveniles in upper canopy of the
Chelemha cloud forest, we could observe details of an adult
male through the scope. This male lost already two of the
streamers.
 Resplendent Quetzal Pharomachrus mocinno, 6 May 2008.
From the motmots, we could see five of seven species living in
Guatemala. Chelemha offered an excellent opportunity, to
observe the Blue-throated Motmot (Aspatha gularis), endemic to
the mountains of northern Central America, at close range.
 Blue-throated Motmot Aspatha gularis, 5 May 2008.
A White-necked Puffbird (Notharchus macrorhynchos) distracted
us during our observations of five different woodcreepers, Gray-
headed Tanager (Eucometis penicillata), and Black-throated
Shrike-Tanager (Lanio aurantius) at an army ant swarm in Tikal.
We saw all of the three Guatemalan toucan species, Collared
Aracari (Pteroglossus torquatus) in both the Pacific and Atlantic
lowlands, Emerald Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus prasinus) in the
highlands, and Keel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus) in
Hun Nal Ye and Tikal.

Orange-breasted Falcon Falco deiroleucus, 10 May 2008.

Tikal is one of best spots to see the rare Orange-breasted
Falcon (Falco deiroleucus). A pair nests in cavities at the ancient
Mayan pyramids. We had some good luck with rather cryptically
living species. We saw Collared Forest-Falcon (Micrastur
semitorquatus) in Hun Nal Ye and a Barred Forest-Falcon
(Micrastur ruficollis) in Tikal. Both species live in the understory
of Neotropical broadleaf forests. A Limpkin (Aramus guarauna)
was at the ponds in Tikal, and two Yellow-billed Cuckoos
(Coccyzus americanus) foraged on caterpillars in the forest
canopy in Hun Nal Ye. A Black-and-White Owl (Ciccaba
nigrolineata) was seen at its day roost in Los Tarrales.
 Black-and-White Owl Ciccaba nigrolineata, 29 April 2008.
The timing of this tour - end of April and beginning of May - was
favorable to see North American migratory birds. We observed a
total of 12 northern wood-warblers. Blackburnian (Dendroica
fusca) and Canada Warblers (Wilsonia canadensis) were on
their way from the South American wintering grounds to their
North American breeding area. All the other species we saw are
wintering in Guatemala: Black-throated Green (Dendroica
virens), Townsend's (D. townsendi), Yellow D. petechia),
Pennsylvania (D. pensylvanica), Magnolia (D. magnolia),
Tennessee (Vermivora peregrina), and Black-and-White Warbler
(Mniotilta varia), as well as Louisiana Waterthrush (Seiurus
motacilla), American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), and Wilson's
Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla).
It follows a list of all bird species observed during this tour.
Nomenclature of scientific and common names follows (AOU
(1998) and supplements (last supplement reviewed: AOU 2007).
Species which were only heard are marked with (H).
List of observed species
. TINAMIDAE
. Great Tinamou Tinamus major
. ANATIDAE
. Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata
. CRACIDAE
. Plain Chachalaca Ortalis vetula
. White-bellied Chachalaca Ortalis leucogastra
. Crested Guan Penelope purpurascens
. Highland Guan Penelopina nigra
. Horned Guan Oreophasis derbianus
. Great Curassow Crax rubra
. PHASIANIDAE
. Ocellated Turkey Meleagris ocellata
. ODONTOPHORIDAE
. Buffy-crowned Wood-Partridge Dendrortyx leucophrys (H)
. Crested Bobwhite Colinus cristatus
. Spotted Wood-Quail Odontophorus guttatus (H)
. Singing Quail Dactylortyx thoracicus (H)
. PODICIPEDIDAE
. Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus
. Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps
. PHALACROCORACIDAE
. Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus
. ARDEIDAE
. Bare-throated Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma mexicanum
. Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias
. Great Egret Ardea alba
. Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea
. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
. Green Heron Butorides virescens
. CATHARTIDAE
. Black Vulture Coragyps atratus
. Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura
. ACCIPITRIDAE
. Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus
. White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus
. Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea
. Cooper's Hawk Accipiter cooperii
. White Hawk Leucopternis albicollis
. Common Black-Hawk Buteogallus anthracinus
. Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris (H)
. Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus
. Gray Hawk Buteo nitidus
. Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus
. Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis
. Ornate Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus ornatus
. FALCONIDAE
. Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis
. Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus
. Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway
. Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans
. Orange-breasted Falcon Falco deiroleucus
. RALLIDAE
. Ruddy Crake Laterallus ruber (H)
. Gray-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea
. Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica
. American Coot Fulica americana
. ARAMIDAE
. Limpkin Aramus guarauna
. JACANIDAE
. Northern Jacana Jacana spinosa
. SCOLOPACIDAE
. Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius
. Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos
. COLUMBIDAE
. Rock Pigeon Columba livia
. Scaled Pigeon Patagioenas speciosa
. Red-billed Pigeon Patagioenas flavirostris
. Band-tailed Pigeon Patagioenas fasciata
. Short-billed Pigeon Patagioenas nigrirostris
. White-winged Dove Zenaida asiatica
. Inca Dove Columbina inca
. Common Ground-Dove Columbina passerina
. Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti
. Blue Ground-Dove Claravis pretiosa
. White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi
. Gray-headed Dove Leptotila plumbeiceps (H)
. White-faced Quail-Dove Geotrygon albifacies
. Ruddy Quail-Dove Geotrygon montana
. PSITTACIDAE
. Pacific Parakeet Aratinga strenua
. Olive-throated Parakeet Aratinga nana
. Orange-fronted Parakeet Aratinga canicularis
. Barred Parakeet Bolborhynchus lineola (H)
. Orange-chinned Parakeet Brotogeris jugularis
. White-crowned Parrot Pionus senilis
. White-fronted Parrot Amazona albifrons
. Red-lored Parrot Amazona autumnalis
. Mealy Parrot Amazona farinosa
. Yellow-naped Parrot Amazona auropalliata
. CUCULIDAE
. Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana
. Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus
. Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia (H)
. Lesser Roadrunner Geococcyx velox
. Groove-billed Ani Crotophaga sulcirostris
. STRIGIDAE
. Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum (H)
. Mottled Owl Ciccaba virgata
. Black-and-white Owl Ciccaba nigrolineata
. Fulvous Owl Strix fulvescens (H)
. CAPRIMULGIDAE
. Lesser Nighthawk Chordeiles acutipennis
. Common Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis
. Whip-poor-will Caprimulgus vociferus (H)
. APODIDAE
. Chestnut-collared Swift Streptoprocne rutila
. White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris
. Vaux's Swift Chaetura vauxi
. White-throated Swift Aeronautes saxatalis
. Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift Panyptila cayennensis
. TROCHILIDAE
. Long-billed Hermit Phaethornis longirostris
. Stripe-throated Hermit Phaethornis striigularis
. Scaly-breasted Hummingbird Phaeochroa cuvierii
. Wedge-tailed Sabrewing Campylopterus curvipennis
. Rufous Sabrewing Campylopterus rufus
. Violet Sabrewing Campylopterus hemileucurus
. White-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora
. Green-breasted Mango Anthracothorax prevostii
. Emerald-chinned Hummingbird Abeillia abeillei
. White-eared Hummingbird Hylocharis leucotis
. White-bellied Emerald Amazilia candida
. Azure-crowned Hummingbird Amazilia cyanocephala
. Blue-tailed Hummingbird Amazilia cyanura
. Rufous-tailed Hummingbird Amazilia tzacatl
. Cinnamon Hummingbird Amazilia rutila
. Green-throated Mountain-gem Lampornis viridipallens
. Amethyst-throated Hummingbird Lampornis amethystinus
. Garnet-throated Hummingbird Lamprolaima rhami
. Magnificent Hummingbird Eugenes fulgens
. Purple-crowned Fairy Heliothryx barroti
. Long-billed Starthroat Heliomaster longirostris
. TROGONIDAE
. Black-headed Trogon Trogon melanocephalus
. Violaceous Trogon Trogon violaceus
. Mountain Trogon Trogon mexicanus
. Collared Trogon Trogon collaris
. Slaty-tailed Trogon Trogon massena (H)
. Resplendent Quetzal Pharomachrus mocinno
. MOMOTIDAE
. Tody Motmot Hylomanes momotula
. Blue-throated Motmot Aspatha gularis
. Russet-crowned Motmot Momotus mexicanus
. Blue-crowned Motmot Momotus momota
. Turquoise-browed Motmot Eumomota superciliosa
. ALCEDINIDAE
. Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata
. BUCCONIDAE
. White-necked Puffbird Notharchus macrorhynchos
. GALBULIDAE
. Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda
. RAMPHASTIDAE
. Emerald Toucanet Aulacorhynchus prasinus
. Collared Aracari Pteroglossus torquatus
. Keel-billed Toucan Ramphastos sulfuratus
. PICIDAE
. Acorn Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus
. Black-cheeked Woodpecker Melanerpes pucherani
. Golden-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes aurifrons
. Hairy Woodpecker Picoides villosus
. Smoky-brown Woodpecker Veniliornis fumigatus (H)
. Golden-olive Woodpecker Piculus rubiginosus
. Northern Flicker Colaptes auratus
. Chestnut-colored Woodpecker Celeus castaneus (H)
. Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus
. Pale-billed Woodpecker Campephilus guatemalensis
. FURNARIIDAE
. Rufous-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis erythrothorax
. Scaly-throated Foliage-gleaner Anabacerthia variegaticeps
. Ruddy Foliage-gleaner Automolus rubiginosus
. Plain Xenops Xenops minutus
. Tawny-winged Woodcreeper Dendrocincla anabatina
. Ruddy Woodcreeper Dendrocincla homochroa
. Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus
. Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus (H)
. Strong-billed Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus
. Northern Barred-Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae
. Ivory-billed Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus flavigaster
. Spotted Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus erythropygius (H)
. Streak-headed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes souleyetii (H)
. Spot-crowned Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes affinis
. THAMNOPHILIDAE
. Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus
. Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis (H)
. Dot-winged Antwren Microrhopias quixensis (H)
. Dusky Antbird Cercomacra tyrannina (H)
. FORMICARIIDAE
. Black-faced Antthrush Formicarius analis (H)
. TYRANNIDAE
. Yellow-bellied Tyrannulet Ornithion semiflavum (H)
. Greenish Elaenia Myiopagis viridicata
. Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster
. Mountain Elaenia Elaenia frantzii
. Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus
. Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus
. Paltry Tyrannulet Zimmerius vilissimus
. Northern Bentbill Oncostoma cinereigulare
. Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum
. Eye-ringed Flatbill Rhynchocyclus brevirostris
. Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens
. Stub-tailed Spadebill Platyrinchus cancrominus (H)
. Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus
. Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher Myiobius sulphureipygius
. Tufted Flycatcher Mitrephanes phaeocercus
. Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi
. Greater Pewee Contopus pertinax
. Western Wood-Pewee Contopus sordidulus
. Eastern Wood-Pewee Contopus virens
. Tropical Pewee Contopus cinereus
. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris
. White-throated Flycatcher Empidonax albigularis
. Least Flycatcher Empidonax minimus
. Yellowish Flycatcher Empidonax flavescens
. Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans
. Bright-rumped Attila Attila spadiceus (H)
. Rufous Mourner Rhytipterna holerythra
. Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer
. Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus
. Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus
. Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua
. Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis
. Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Myiodynastes luteiventris
. Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius
. Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus
. Couch's Kingbird Tyrannus couchii
. Western Kingbird Tyrannus verticalis
. Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus
. Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus forficatus
. Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana
. Thrush-like Schiffornis Schiffornis turdina (H)
. Gray-collared Becard Pachyramphus major
. Rose-throated Becard Pachyramphus aglaiae
. Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata
. Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor
. COTINGIDAE
. Lovely Cotinga Cotinga amabilis
. PIPRIDAE
. White-collared Manakin Manacus candei (H)
. Long-tailed Manakin Chiroxiphia linearis
. Red-capped Manakin Pipra mentalis
. VIREONIDAE
. Mangrove Vireo Vireo pallens (H)
. Plumbeous Vireo Vireo plumbeus
. Blue-headed Vireo Vireo solitarius
. Hutton's Vireo Vireo huttoni
. Brown-capped Vireo Vireo leucophrys
. Yellow-green Vireo Vireo flavoviridis
. Tawny-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus ochraceiceps
. Lesser Greenlet Hylophilus decurtatus
. Chestnut-sided Shrike-Vireo Vireolanius melitophrys
. Green Shrike-Vireo Vireolanius pulchellus
. Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis
. CORVIDAE
. Steller's Jay Cyanocitta stelleri
. White-throated Magpie-Jay Calocitta formosa
. Brown Jay Cyanocorax morio
. Bushy-crested Jay Cyanocorax melanocyaneus
. Black-throated Jay Cyanolyca pumilo
. HIRUNDINIDAE
. Sinaloa Martin Progne sinaloae
. Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea
. Mangrove Swallow Tachycineta albilinea
. Black-capped Swallow Notiochelidon pileata
. Northern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis
. Bank Swallow Riparia riparia
. Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
. Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica
. AEGITHALIDAE
. Bushtit Psaltriparus minimus
. TROGLODYTIDAE
. Band-backed Wren Campylorhynchus zonatus
. Rufous-naped Wren Campylorhynchus rufinucha
. Spot-breasted Wren Thryothorus maculipectus
. Rufous-and-white Wren Thryothorus rufalbus
. Plain Wren Thryothorus modestus
. House Wren Troglodytes aedon
. Rufous-browed Wren Troglodytes rufociliatus
. White-bellied Wren Uropsila leucogastra
. White-breasted Wood-Wren Henicorhina leucosticta
. Gray-breasted Wood-Wren Henicorhina leucophrys
. Nightingale Wren Microcerculus philomela (H)
. SYLVIIDAE
. Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus (H)
. White-lored Gnatcatcher Polioptila albiloris
. Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea
. TURDIDAE
. Eastern Bluebird Sialia sialis
. Brown-backed Solitaire Myadestes occidentalis
. Slate-colored Solitaire Myadestes unicolor (H)
. Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrus Catharus aurantiirostris
. Ruddy-capped Nightingale-Thrush Catharus frantzii
. Spotted Nightingale-Thrush Catharus dryas (H)
. Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus
. Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus
. Black Robin Turdus infuscatus
. Mountain Robin Turdus plebejus
. Clay-colored Robin Turdus grayi
. White-throated Robin Turdus assimilis
. Rufous-collared Robin Turdus rufitorques
. MIMIDAE
. Tropical Mockingbird Mimus gilvus
. Blue-and-white Mockingbird Melanotis hypoleucus
. PTILOGONATIDAE
. Gray Silky-flycatcher Ptilogonys cinereus
. PEUCEDRAMIDAE
. Olive Warbler Peucedramus taeniatus
. PARULIDAE
. Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina
. Crescent-chested Warbler Parula superciliosa
. Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia
. Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica pensylvanica
. Magnolia Warbler Dendroica magnolia
. Black-throated Green Warbler Dendroica virens
. Townsend's Warbler Dendroica townsendi
. Blackburnian Warbler Dendroica fusca
. Grace's Warbler Dendroica graciae (H)
. Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia
. American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla
. Louisiana Waterthrush Seiurus motacilla
. Wilson?s Warbler Wilsonia pusilla
. Canada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis
. Pink-headed Warbler Ergaticus versicolor
. Slate-throated Redstart Myioborus miniatus
. Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus
. Rufous-capped Warbler Basileuterus rufifrons
. Golden-browed Warbler Basileuterus belli
. Genus INCERTAE SEDIS
. Bananaquit Coereba flaveola
. THRAUPIDAE
. Common Bush-Tanager Chlorospingus ophthalmicus
. Gray-headed Tanager Eucometis penicillata
. Black-throated Shrike-Tanager Lanio aurantius
. Red-crowned Ant-Tanager Habia rubica
. Red-throated Ant-Tanager Habia fuscicauda
. Summer Tanager Piranga rubra
. Flame-colored Tanager Piranga bidentata
. White-winged Tanager Piranga leucoptera
. Crimson-collared Tanager Ramphocelus sanguinolentus
. Passerini's Tanager Ramphocelus passerinii
. Blue-gray Tanager Thraupis episcopus
. Yellow-winged Tanager Thraupis abbas
. Azure-rumped Tanager Tangara cabanisi
. Golden-hooded Tanager Tangara larvata
. Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza
. Red-legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus
. EMBERIZIDAE
. Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina
. Variable Seedeater Sporophila americana
. White-collared Seedeater Sporophila torqueola
. Yellow-faced Grassquit Tiaris olivaceus
. Cinnamon-bellied Flowerpiercer Diglossa baritula
. White-naped Brush-Finch Atlapetes albinucha
. Chestnut-capped Brush-Finch Buarremon brunneinucha
. Orange-billed Sparrow Arremon aurantiirostris
. Green-backed Sparrow Arremonops chloronotus
. Prevost's Ground-Sparrow Melozone biarcuata
. White-eared Ground-Sparrow Melozone leucotis
. Spotted Towhee Pipilo maculatus
. Stripe-headed Sparrow Aimophila ruficauda
. Rusty Sparrow Aimophila rufescens
. Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis
. Yellow-eyed Junco Junco phaeonotus
. CARDINALIDAE
. Grayish Saltator Saltator coerulescens
. Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus
. Black-headed Saltator Saltator atriceps
. Black-faced Grosbeak Caryothraustes poliogaster
. Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus
. Blue-black Grosbeak Cyanocompsa cyanoides (H)
. Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea
. Painted Bunting Passerina ciris
. ICTERIDAE
. Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus
. Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna
. Melodious Blackbird Dives dives
. Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus
. Bronzed Cowbird Molothrus aeneus
. Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus
. Black-vented Oriole Icterus wagleri
. Bar-winged Oriole Icterus maculialatus
. Streak-backed Oriole Icterus pustulatus
. Spot-breasted Oriole Icterus pectoralis
. Altamira Oriole Icterus gularis
. Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula
. Yellow-billed Cacique Amblycercus holosericeus
. Chestnut-headed Oropendola Psarocolius wagleri
. Montezuma Oropendola Psarocolius montezuma
. FRINGILLIDAE
. Scrub Euphonia Euphonia affinis
. Yellow-throated Euphonia Euphonia hirundinacea
. Elegant Euphonia Euphonia elegantissima
. Olive-backed Euphonia Euphonia gouldi
. Blue-crowned Chlorophonia Chlorophonia occipitalis
. Lesser Goldfinch Carduelis psaltria
. Hooded Grosbeak Coccothraustes abeillei
. PASSERIDAE
. House Sparrow Passer domesticus
References AOU (1998) The American Ornithologists' Union check-list of North
American birds. 7th edition. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington,
D.C. AOU (2007) Forty-eighth supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union
check-list of North American birds. Auk 124: 1109-1115.

Comments
"A birding tour how it should be!" Hartmut Meyer, Hohenstein-
Ernstthal. "This tour was tailor-made by Cayaya Birding for
members of the Saxon Ornithologist's Association. I joined this
tour to see the birds of this Central American country, but also to
meet land and people. This tour will remain an unforgettable nice
experience for me! Knut Eisermann, originating from Chemnitz,
has become an expert on the birds of Guatemala during his
more than 10 years living in the country. Together with Claudia
Avendaño he conducts bird research throughout the country. All
bird observations during this tour were accompanied by
competent explanations on the differentiation of similar species
and their distribution." Dieter Kronbach, Limbach-
Oberfrohna. "This tour was very well organized with an excellent
selection of hotels, restaurants, and of course the different bird
habitats. It was impressive, how safely our target species were
found." Dr. Klaus Fabian, Dresden.
Trip report by Knut Eisermann
White-bellied Chachalaca Ortalis leucogastra, 30 April 2008.
Crested Guan Penelope purpurascens, 10 May 2008.
Great Curassow Crax rubra, 10 May 2008.
Ocellated Turkey Meleagris ocellata, 10 May 2008.
Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps, 9 May 2008.

Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea, 8 May 2008.

Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis, 10 May 2008.

Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius, 30 April 2008.

 Band-tailed Pigeon Patagioenas fasciata, 5 May 2008.

Short-billed Pigeon Patagioenas nigrirostris, 8 May 2008.

Olive-throated Parakeet Aratinga nana, 11 May 2008.

White-crowned Parrot Pionus senilis, 8 May 2008.

 Red-lored Parrot Amazona autumnalis, 10 May 2008.

Yellow-naped Parrot Amazona auropalliata, 30 April 2008.

 Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus, 8 May 2008.

Garnet-throated Hummingbird Lamprolaima rhami, 6 May 2008.

 Magnificent Hummingbird Eugenes fulgens, 6 May 2008.

Black-headed Trogon Trogon melanocephalus, 11 May 2008.

Violaceous Trogon Trogon violaceus, 10 May 2008.
 Mountain Trogon Trogon mexicanus, 6 May 2008.

Russet-crowned Motmot Momotus mexicanus, 3 May 2008.

White-necked Puffbird Notharchus macrorhynchos, 10 May 2008.

Emerald Toucanet Aulacorhynchus prasinus, 2 May 2008.

 Collared Aracari Pteroglossus torquatus, 10 May 2008.

Golden-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes aurifrons, 10 May 2008.

Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus, 11 May 2008.
 Ruddy Woodcreeper Dendrocincla homochroa, 10 May 2008.

Northern Barred Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae, 10 May 2008.

Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus, 10 May 2008.

Red-capped Manakin Pipra mentalis, 8 May 2008.

Brown-backed Solitaire Myadestes occidentalis, 5 May 2008.

Black Robin Turdus infuscatus, 5 May 2008.

Rufous-collared Robin Turdus rufitorques, 5 May 2008.

Pink-headed Warbler Ergaticus versicolor, 1 May 2008.

White-eared Ground-Sparrow Melozone leucotis, 28 April 2008.

Rusty Sparrow Aimophila rufescens, 8 May 2008.

Yellow-eyed Junco Junco phaeonotus, 1 May 2008.

Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzovorus, 11 May 2008.

Altamiraoriole Icterus gularis, 3 May 2008.
Hooded Grosbeak Coccothraustes abeillei, 29 April 2008.

http://www.cayaya-­‐birding.com/tripreports/vso2008guatemala.htm  
 
Trochilidae: hummingbirds of Guatemala
Click on the photograph to see full size.
Scaly-breasted Hummingbird (Phaechroa cuvierii)

Rufous Sabrewing (Campylopterus rufus)

More photos of Rufous Sabrewing at cayaya-birding.com: In

flight.
Violet Sabrewing (Campylopterus hemileucurus)

More photos of Violet Sabrewing at cayaya-birding.com: Male in

flight. Perched male.
Green-breasted Mango (Anthracothorax prevostii)
 White-necked Jacobin (Florisuga mellivora)

Green Violet-ear (Colbri thalassinus)

Emerald-chinned Hummingbird (Abeillia abeillei)

Violet-crowned Woodnymph (Thalurania colombica)

White-eared Hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis)

 More photos of White-eared Hummingbird at cayaya-
birding.com: In flight.
Cinnamon Hummingbird (Amazilia rutila)

Rufous-tailed Hummingbird (Amazilia tzacatl)

White-bellied Emerald (Amazilia candida)

Azure-crowned Hummingbird (Amazilia cyanocephala)

 More photos of Azure-crowned Hummingbird at cayaya-
birding.com: Adult showing off his azure-colored crown. See a
video of Azure-crowned Hummingbird.
Blue-tailed Hummingbird (Amazilia cyanura)

Berylline Hummingbird (Amazilia beryllina)

Green-throated Mountain-gem (Lampornis viridipallens)

Amethyst-throated Hummingbird (Lampornis amethystinus)

 More photos of Amethyst-throated Hummingbird at cayaya-
birding.com: Adult male in flight.
Garnet-throated Hummingbird (Lamprolaima rhami)

More photos of Garnet-throated Hummingbird at cayaya-

birding.com: Adult male in flight. Adult male in flight. Video of a
male.
Magnificent Hummingbird (Eugenes fulgens)

More photos of Magnificent Hummingbird at cayaya-

birding.com: Male in flight. See videos of Magnificent
Hummingbirds.
Long-billed Starthroat (Heliomaster longirostris)

Slender Sheartail (Doricha enicura)

 Video
Sparkling-tailed Hummingbird (Tilmatura dupontii)

Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris)

Read about Ruby-throated Hummingbirds in Christmas Bird

Counts in Guatemala.
Wine-throated Hummingbird (Atthis ellioti)
 Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus)

 http://www.cayaya-­‐
birding.com/birdphotos/hummingbirds.htm  
 

Endemics of the “Mundo Maya”

 Belted Flycatcher
(Xenotriccus callizonus)
Guatemala, Honduras, Belize and southern Mexico form what is
known as the Mundo Maya (“Mayan World”). The ancient Mayan
civilization arose, flourished and diversified into more than 30
languages and ethnic subgroups within a region that was itself a
profusion of natural diversity. With its numerous habitats, as well
as its natural barriers that produce habitat “islands,” the Mundo
Maya – with Guatemala at its heart – comprises a unique set of
circumstances that gave rise to species found nowhere else in the
world: endemics. Here is a list (with some links) of bird species
endemic to the Mundo Maya:

1. White-breasted Hawk Gavilán Pechiblanco Accipiter chionogaster

2. White-bellied Chachalaca Chachalaca Vientre-blanco Ortalis leucogaster
3. Highland Guan Pajil Penelopina nigra
4. Horned Guan Pavon de Cacho Oreophasis derbianus
5. Ocellated Turkey Guajalote Ocelado Meleagris ocellata
6. Ocellated Quail Codorniz Ocelada Cyrtonyx ocellatus
7. Yucatan Bobwhite Codorniz-cotui Yucateca Colinus n. nigrogularis
8. Pacific Parakeet Perico Verde Centroamericano Aratinga strenua
9. Red-throated Parakeet Perico gorjirrojo Aratinga rubritorques
10. Guatemalan Pygmy-Owl Tecolotito Guatemelatecto Glaucidium cobanenses
11. Central American Pygmy-Owl Tecolotito Centroamericano Glaucidium griseiceps
12. Bearded Screech Owl Tecolote Barbudo Otus barbarus
13. Fulvous Owl Buho Fulvo Strix fulvescens
14. Yucatan Poorwill Pachacua Yucateca Nyctiphrynus yucatanicus
15. Rufous Saberwing Fandangero Rufo Campylopterus rufus
16. Blue-tailed Hummingbird Colibrí Coliazul Amazilia cyanura guatema
17. Berylline Hummingbird Colibrí de Berilo Amazilia beryllina devillei
18. Green-throated Mountain-Gem Colibrí-serrano Gorjiverde Lampornis viridipallens
19. Garnet-throated Hummingbird Colibrí Alicastaño Lamprolaima rhami
20. Wine-throated Hummingbird Zumbador Centroamericano Selasphorus e. ellioti
21. Slender Sheartail Tijereta Centroamericano Calothorax enicura
22. Emerald-chinned Hummingbird Colibrí Barbiesmeralda Abeillia a. Abeillei
23. Blue-throated Motmot Momoto Gorjiazul Aspatha gularis
24. Rufous-breated Spinetail Synallaxis erthrothorax pa
25. Belted Flycatcher Mosquero Fajado Xenotriccus callizonus
26. Yucatan Flycatcher Copetón Yucateco Myiarchus yucatanensis
27. Black-capped Swallow Golondrina Gorrinegra Notiochelidon pileata
28. Guatemalan Flicker Carpintero Guatemalteco Colaptes mexicoides
29. Bushy-crested Jay Chara Centroamericana Cyanocorax melanocyaneu
30. Black-throated Jay Chara de Niebla Cyanolyca pumilo
31. Giant Wren Matraca Chiapaneca Campylorhynchus Chiapen
32. White-browed Wren Saltapared Yucateco Thryothorus albinucha
33. Rufous-browed Wren Saltapared Cejirrufo Troglodytes rufociliatus
34. Slated-colored Solitaire Clarín Unicolor Myadestes unicolor
35. Rufous-collared Thrush (Robin) Zorzal Cuellirrufo Turdus rufitorques
36. Blue-and-white Mockingbird
37 Goldman’s Warbler
38. Slate-throated Redstart
39. Pink-headed Warbler
40. Blue-crowned Chlorophonia
41. Cabanis’(Azure-rumped)Tanager
42. Black-throated Shrike-tanager
43. Rose-throated Tanager
44. Black-capped Siskin
45. Pine Siskin
46. Green-backed Sparrow
47. Prevost’s Ground Sparrow
48. Guatemalan Junco
49. Bar-winged Oriole
 Slender Sheartail(Calothorax enicur)
Mulato Pechiblanco Melanotis hypoleucus
Chipe Rabadilla-amarilla Dendroica coronata goldm
Pavito Gorjigris Myiborus miniatus connect
Chipe Rosado Ergaticus versicolor
Chlorofonia Coroniazul Clorophonia occipitalis
Tángara de Canabis Tangara cabanisi
Tángara-lanio Gorjiinegro Lanio aurantius
Tángara Yucateca Piranga roseogularis
Dominico Coroninegro Carduelis atriceps
Dominico Pinero Carduelis pinus perplexus
Gorrión Dorsiverde Arremonops c. chloronotus
Rascador Patilludo Melozone biarcuatum
Junco Ojilumbre Junco phaeonotus alticola
Bolsero Guatemalteco Icterus maculialatus