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"words". Groups of three bases form words. They carry genetic information in living organisms.
A: Genetic code
During a chemical reaction, the reactants are used up to create the products.
A: true
They are molecules which have many different functions in living things, and are made of amino
acids.
A: Proteins
Nucleic acids contain the information needed for cells to make proteins.
A: true
When water (H2O) breaks down into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2).
A: decomposition reaction
A type of simple sugar which results from bonding two single sugars together. Also commonly called
two sugars.
A: disaccharide
Described as the "energy currency of the cell" or the "molecular unit of currency."
A: ATP
DNA and RNA have one function relating to the genetic code and proteins.
A: False
The sterol __________ is an important part of cell membranes and plays other vital roles in the
body.
A: Cholesterol
Nucleic acids are found not only in all living cells but also in viruses.
A: true
Protein, fats and carbohydrates are three of the main building blocks that make up your body.
A: true
They are organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
A: Nucleic acids
Two monosaccharides will bond together through a dehydration reaction in which a water molecule
is lost.
A: true
________ is a strongly polar solvent and polar solvents are better at dissolving polar solutes.
A: water
Proteins can differ in both the number and order of amino acids.
A: true
Phospolipids serve as the main component of the protective outer membrane of all cells.
A: true
Although some lipids in the diet are essential excess dietary lipids can be harmful.
A: true
The name given to the collection of the lump sum of chemical reactions performed by an organism to
survive
A: metabolism
The unique blueprints to make the proteins that give you your traits.
A: DNA
When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by
ribonuleotide reductase.
A: True
It's important for you and other animals to eat food with protein because we cannot make certain
amino acids on your own.
A: true
The binding of complementary bases allows DNA molecules to take this well-known shape.
A: double helix
Animals use this for long term energy storage and to keep warm
A: fats
Fructose has the same chemical formula as glucose but the atoms are arranged differently.
A: true
Reduction is the decrease of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion.
A: false
In Saturated fats, some carbon are not bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible.
A: false
Complex carbohydrate form when simple sugars bind together into a chain.
A: true
Strongly polar solvents like water can dissolve strongly nonpolar pollutes likes oil.
A: false
Enzymes bind both reactant molecules called the substrate tightly and specifically at the ________
on the enzyme molecule.
A: active site
Which of the following consists of cells which contain organelles called chloroplasts (small green
ovals)
A: Elodea
Group of molecules, including chloropyll in the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast, captures light
energy.
A: photosystem
The green pigment present in most plants which absorbs solar energy and helps convert that energy
into chemical energy.
A: chlorophyll
Space outside the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast site of the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis.
A: stroma
When fossil fuels are burned, the chemical energy changes to thermal energy.
A: true
Sub-organelle within the chloroplast which organize patterns of proteins and other molecules which
conduct photosynthesis.
A: Thylakoid
Heterothroph can make their own food so they must eat or absorb it.
A: false
Eukaryotic organelles, such as mitochondria, evolved from ancient, free-living prokaryotes that
invaded other prokaryotic cells.
A: Theory of Endosymbiosis
Energy transformation obeys the law of conservation of energy which states that energy cannot be
created or destroyed.
A: true
Series of electron-transport molecules that pass high-energy electrons from molecule to molecule
and capture their energy.
A: electron transport chain
When energy changes during Energy Transformation the energy is used up.
A: false
NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) are used during
cellular respiration.
A: false
NADP+ accepts an electron at the end of the light reactions electron transport chain of
photosynthesis.
A: true
Kinetic energy can be used to change the position or shape of an object giving it potential energy.
A: true
Refers to the substance involved in a chemical reaction that is present at the beginning of the
reaction.
A: reactant
When this occurs, the light is absorbed by chlorophyll in the membrane of chloroplasts in the plant
cell.
A: Light dependent reactions
Sunlight contains many different wavelengths which are visible when they separate into a rainbow.
A: true
Hydrogen ions are pumped into the thylakoids, forming an electrochemical gradient whose energy
builds ATP molecules.
A: true
Organism that produces organic compounds from energy and simple inorganic molecules; also
known as a producer.
A: Autotrophs
correlates with energy use, which reflects the link between oxygen and energy metabolism.
A: Respiration rate
Cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen; produces 36-38 ATP molecules glucose.
A: Aerobic respiration
It can power other metabolic pathways, or in many organisms, provide energy for further ATP
synthesis.
A: hot hydrogen
During the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis only water were used to produce oxygen gas.
A: false
Photosynthesis cells arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf.
A: Bundle-sheath cells
First stage of photosynthesis in which light energy from the sun is captured and transformed into
chemical energy also known as the light reaction.
A: light-dependent reaction
Light does not provides energy to split water molecules into electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen
gas.
A: false
Short term energy carrier; temporarily stores energy during cellular respiration.
A: NADH
A photosynthetic adaptation to arid conditions in some plants; allows stomata to be closed during the
day.
A: CAM photosynthesis
Energy-carrying molecule that cells use to power their metabolic process; energy currency of the
cells. (Note: acronym is also accepted)
A: ATP
The splitting of a water molecule to replace electrons used during the light reactions; splitting by
light.
A: photolysis
The enzyme that combines one molecule of CO2 with a 5 carbon sugar; called ribulose biphosphate
(RUB P; the most abundant enzyme on earth).
A: RuBiSCO
The process which converts carbon dioxide in the air to organic molecules as in photosynthesis.
A: Carbon fixation
It is essential to have efficient cellular respiration; most organisms need oxygen for a single purpose
to release energy from food for use by cells.
A: Oxygen
Every seconds, the sun fuses over 600 million tons of hydrogen into 596 tons of helium, converting
over 4 tons of helium into light and heat energy.
A: true
The movement of carbon and oxygen between the ground, atmosphere, oceans and living
organisms
A: carbon-oxygen cycle
Ion channel and enzyme complex; chemically bonds a phosphate group to ADP, producing ATP as
H+ ions flow through the ion channel.
A: ATP synthase
Glucose is the energy-rich product of photosynthesis and a universal food for life.
A: true
Kinetic Energy is the process in which energy changes from one type or form to another.
A: false
The process in which one kind of energy changes into another kind
A: Energy conversion
The type of anaerobic respiration carried out by yogurt bacteria such as Lactobacillus.
A: Lactic acid fermentation
The aerobic phases of cellular respiration in eukaryotes occur within these organelles.
A: Mitochondria
Behind each release of gas is an army gut bacteria undergoing some crazy biochemistry.
A: true
According to this theory, engulfing of some certain aerobic bacteria led to eukaryotic cells with
mitochondria.
A: Theory of Endosymbiosis
It is a type of anaerobic respiration that includes glycolysis followed by the conversion of pyruvic acid
to ethanol and carbon dioxide and the regeneration of NAD+ from NADH.
A: Alcoholic fermentation
Hydrogen ions flows "down" the gradient from outer to inner compartment through the ion
channel/enzyme ATP synthase
A: true
Fill in the blank: _________ is an energy carrier molecule produced during the Krebs Cycle of
Aerobic Cellular respiration.
A: FADH2
Carbon is the final electron; no part of the process - from the Kreb Cycle.
A: false
Refers to the substance involved in a chemical reaction that is present at the beginning of the
reaction.
A: reactant
It is importantuse to lactic acid fermentation to allow the continuous production of some ATP your
muscle cells.
A: true
The oxygen gradually formed a protective ozone layer, which helped many living organisms on
Earth.
A: true
Aerobic respiration begins with the entry of the product of glycolysis, pyruvate into the mitochondria.
A: true
Although humans are obligate aerobes, our muscles cells have not given up on ancient pathways
which allow them to keep producing ATP quickly when oxygen runs low.
A: true
The third stage of cellular respiration uses the energy stored during the earlier stages in NADH and
FADH2to make ATP.
A: true
The process for making ATP in the absence of oxygen converts glucose to ethanol and carbon
dioxide.
A: ethanol fermentation
For Lactobacillus bacteria, the acid resulting from fermentation kills bacterial competitors in
buttermilk, yogurt, and some cottage cheese.
A: true
Lactic Acid fermentation makes ATP in the absence of oxygen by converting glucose to lactic acid.
A: true
Fill in the blank: In the ________ , citric acid is carried through a series of chemical reactions which
gradually release energy and capture it in several carrier molecules.
A: Citric Acid Cycle and Krebs Cycle
The process of producing ATP in the absence of oxygen, through glycolysis alone.
A: Fermentation
We employ this to use their anaerobic talents to help bread use and grapes ferment.
A: Yeast
Muscle cells cannot continue to produce ATP when oxygen runs low using lactic acid fermentation.
A: false