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1 1 𝑖 𝑁 1 𝑁
𝐹 𝐺∗ ∗
𝑁 𝑁 1 1 𝑖 𝑁
1 𝑁 𝑖 𝑖 𝑖
𝑖∗ 1 𝑖 1 𝑖 1 𝑃 𝐺∗ ∗
𝑁
𝐴 𝑃∗ 𝑁
𝑃 𝐴∗ 𝑁
𝑖 𝑖∗ 1 𝑖 𝑁 1 𝑖 𝑁
𝐹 𝑃∗ 1 𝑖 1 𝑖 1 𝑖∗ 1 𝑖
1 𝑁
𝑖 1 𝑖 𝑁 1 𝐴 𝐺∗
𝑃 𝐹∗ 1 𝑖 𝑁
𝐴 𝐹∗ 𝐹 𝐴∗ 𝑖 1 𝑖 𝑁 1
1 𝑖 𝑁 1 𝑖
P= Equivalent Present Value
Value of 0
Should be
here
A= Equivalent Annual Value
Note That : The start of month 1 is locate at 0 time , and the
F= Equivalent Future Value
start of month 2 is locate at 1 time and so on .
Nominal Interest Rate (r) : is an interest rate that does not include any
consideration of compounding
𝑁 𝑁
1 1 𝑖 ∗ 1 𝑓 𝑃 𝐴1 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 1 𝑖 1
When the case state that there is an compounding period (M) we need
𝑃 𝐴1 ∗
𝑖 𝑓 to convert the Nominal Interest Rate in to effective interest rate (i)
Keep in your mind that Nominal Interest Rate is a yearly interest rate ,
so if the case give the interest rate divide on period , we need to find
the yearly nominal interest rate then convert it to effective interest
rate
𝑟 𝑀
𝑖 1 1
𝑀
If compounding in continuously then use the below equation
𝑖 𝑒𝑟 1
Calculate P , Then we can convert P to Equivalent (F,A,G)
Chapter 4 ( Time Value Of Money )
Chapter 4 ( Time Value Of Money )
1 1 𝑖 𝑁 1
𝐹 𝐺∗ ∗
𝑁 𝑁 1 1 𝑖 𝑁
1 𝑁 𝑖 𝑖
𝑖∗ 1 𝑖 1 𝑖 1 𝑃 𝐺∗ ∗
𝑁
𝐴 𝑃∗ 𝑁
𝑃 𝐴∗ 𝑁
𝑖 𝑖∗ 1 𝑖 𝑁 1 𝑖 𝑁 𝑁
𝐹 𝑃∗ 1 𝑖 1 𝑖 1 𝑖∗ 1 𝑖
𝑖
1 𝑁
𝑖 1 𝑖 𝑁 1 𝐴 𝐺∗
𝑃 𝐹∗ 1 𝑖 𝑁
𝐴 𝐹∗ 𝐹 𝐴∗ 𝑖 1 𝑖 𝑁 1
1 𝑖 𝑁 1 𝑖
P= Equivalent Present Value
Value of 0
Should be
here
A= Equivalent Annual Value
Note That : The start of month 1 is locate at 0 time , and
F= Equivalent Future Value
the start of month 2 is locate at 1 time and so on .
Nominal Interest Rate (r) : is an interest rate that does not include any
consideration of compounding
𝑁 𝑁
1 1 𝑖 ∗ 1 𝑓 𝑃 𝐴1 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 1 𝑖 1
When the case state that there is an compounding period (M) we
𝑃 𝐴1 ∗ need to convert the Nominal Interest Rate in to effective interest
𝑖 𝑓
rate (i)
Keep in your mind that Nominal Interest Rate is a yearly interest
rate , so if the case give the interest rate divide on period , we
need to find the yearly nominal interest rate then convert it to
effective interest rate
𝑟 𝑀
𝑖 1 1
𝑀
If compounding in continuously then use the below equation
𝑖 𝑒𝑟 1
Calculate P , Then we can convert P to Equivalent (F,A,G)