José Rizal is generally considered the national hero, but Bonifacio has been suggested as a more

worthy candidate on the grounds of having started the Philippine Revolution.[82] Teodoro
Agoncillo notes that the Philippine national hero, unlike those of other countries, is not "the leader of
its liberation forces".[103] Renato Constantino writes that Rizal is a "United States-sponsored hero"
who was promoted as the greatest Filipino hero during the American colonial period of the
Philippines – after Aguinaldo lost the Philippine–American War. The United States promoted Rizal,
who was taken to represent peaceful political advocacy, instead of more radical figures whose ideas
could inspire resistance against American rule.[104] Specifically, Rizal was selected over Bonifacio
who was viewed as "too radical" and Apolinario Mabiniwho was "unregenerate."[105]
Historian Ambeth Ocampo gives the opinion that arguing for Bonifacio as the "better" hero on the
grounds that he, not Rizal, began the Philippine Revolution, is moot since Rizal inspired Bonifacio,
the Katipunan, and the Revolution. Even prior to Rizal's banishment to Dapitan, he was already
regarded by the Filipino people as a national hero, having been elected as honorary president by
the Katipunan.[82] León María Guerrero notes that while Rizal did not give his blessing to the
Katipunan because he believed the time was premature, he did not condemn the aim of
independence per se.[106] Teodoro Agoncillo gives the opinion that Bonifacio should not replace Rizal
as national hero, but they should be honored "side by side".[103]
Despite popular recognition of Rizal as "the Philippine national hero", the title itself has no explicit
legal definition in present Philippine law. Rizal and Bonifacio, however, are given the implied
recognition of being national heroes because they are commemorated annually nationwide – Rizal
Day on December 30 and Bonifacio Day on November 30.[107] According to the website of the
National Center for Culture and the Arts:
Despite the lack of any official declaration explicitly proclaiming them as national heroes, [Rizal and
Bonifacio] remain admired and revered for their roles in Philippine history. Heroes, according to
historians, should not be legislated.
Their appreciation should be better left to academics. Acclamation for heroes, they felt, would be
recognition enough.[1