Answer 1:

After reviewing all top 500 NSE listed companies , I have selected Bharti Airtel as the
subject for this answer. At Bharti Airtel, they continue to be a leading global telecommunications
company with having operations in 17 countries and have approximately 2 billion satisfied
customers.
Their transformational network transcends continents, geographic borders and
cultures; and allows people to do more in a largely volatile, globalised and
hyper-connected era.
At Bharti Airtel, their prime objective is to assist the socio-economic progress of
communities to help accelerate economic progress and social well-being. They undertake an
integrated approach to the welfare of communities through their diverse initiatives in the fields of
education, employment generation, sanitation, healthcare, disaster management and environment
protection, among many others. They believe that their need-based interventions sustainably
empower people by opening up new possibilities for them and thus driving social transformation.
As the philanthropic arm of Bharti Enterprises, Bharti Foundation was started in
2000 with the vision “to help underprivileged children and young people of our country realize
their potential”. This Foundation offers access to high quality education to the marginalized
sections of society across rural India. The Foundation implements and supports programs in the
area of primary, elementary and senior secondary education through its Satya Bharti School
Program as well as through Government School interventions under its Satya Bharti Quality
Support Program and Satya Bharti Learning Centre's Program.
I. Satya Bharti School Program-
The main objectives of this program was to provide free and qualitative education to
rural Indian children. They wanted to transform rural India into educated, confident
and self dependent. Some important achievements in the year 2016-17 were:
 24 students got admission in Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNV) through a
competitive entrance examination, with the help of continued quality
education
 Satya Bharti Schools got all three national awards (for most inspiring posters);
and all five National Finalist Awards at the Inspire Aspire Content 2016
  Satya Bharti Adarsh Senior Secondary School, Chogawan, Amritsar won
‘Best innovative Practice’ among Top Punjab Schools at the Brain feed
School Excellence Awards for ‘Top 500 Schools of India’
Some of the Key Achievements in 2017-18 were:
 23 students from Satya Bharti School were winners (Eight Gold, Eight Silver,
Seven Bronze) at ‘Natural Capital Olympiad’ which is Environment based
competition
 35 students secured admission in Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNVs) -
complete residential schools for gifted (any physical issues) students in India
supported by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of
India
 Two Satya Bharti School teachers were declared winners by Centre for
Teacher Accreditation (CENTA)which is a hallmark of teaching excellence.

II. Satya Bharti Quality Support Program-

The Satya Bharti Quality Support Program was initiated in 2013. It provides need-
based interventions to improve the quality of the schooling experience for students
 and stakeholders in Government schools. The learning acquired from all the flagship
Satya Bharti School Program is then being transferred to the Government schools
under this and other Government school initiatives. Bharti Foundation takes such
innovative steps to enhance a Government school’s performance by:
a. Providing opportunities of exposure to best practices in education
b. Conducting need-based training for key stakeholders
c. Co-creating processes to sustain the desired change
This Program has it's Footprint across 10 states of India which are Delhi, Goa,
Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar
Pradesh & Jharkhand.

III. Satya Bharti Learning Centers Program-

The Satya Bharti Learning Centers Program works towards addressing and working
for the issue of Out of School Children (OOSC). In 2012, the Foundation tied up with
Educate A Child (EAC), a global initiative under the Qatar based Education Above
All (EAA) institution for huge exposure. The Satya Bharti Learning Centre Program
mainstreams OOSC back into schools by identifying and enrolling them into
Government schools through bridge courses that offer them education appropriate to
their age.
IV. Satya Bharti Abhiyan-
This initiative aims to improve sanitation facilities wherein they started with rural
Ludhiana. Phase I of the program was completed in a short span of time, because of
the scale and geographic spread of the District. Individual household toilets were
provided in every household of rural Ludhiana, which didn't had any . In addition, 14
Government schools, identified by Punjab Education Development Board, have been
provided with a separate toilet for girls as an initiative for safety and sanitation.
In its second phase, the program was ramped up to the urban areas of Ludhiana to
support the district administration’s efforts. In the urban areas of Ludhiana district,
201 households were listed by the Punjab Municipal Infrastructure Development
Company (PMIDC), that did not have a toilet, and were then provided one. On July
15, 2017, the Bharti Foundation announced the expanded outreach of the sanitation
initiative with the launch of the Abhiyan in Amritsar as well. An MoU was signed
with the Department of Water Supply and Sanitation (DWSS) of Punjab in September
2017 for providing financial assistance to beneficiaries for the construction of toilets
as identified by the DWSS council.
Ludhiana district (rural), one of the largest and most populated districts of Punjab
became the second self declared “Open Defecation Free” district in the state in
November 2016,due to this initiative. Even Amritsar district (rural) had achieved self
declared Open Defecation Free (ODF) status on March 28, 2018 and Punjab (rural)
on March 30, 2018. These bagged the greatest achievement for the foundation.
 The program was appreciated not only at the village, district, state but also at
National level of governance. On January 24, 2018, the Hon’ble Prime Minister of
India, Shri Narendra Modi applauded Bharti Foundation’s sanitation initiative during
a CEO meet at the World Economic Forum in Davos.

In this way, with an positive approach for the country Bharti airtel did its Corporate Social
Responsibility by working on the initiatives and programs which can help the nations Swachh
Bharat Campaign and National Skill Development Mission.
Answer 2:
Hindustan Unilever Limited is a British-Dutch manufacturing company which has its
headquarters in Mumbai, India. It has a wide range of products which include foods, beverages,
cleaning agents, personal care products, water purifiers and consumer goods. It is one of the top
500 NSE listed companies. By analyzing its Business responsibility report the disclosures under
“Principle 6: Business should respect, protect, and make efforts to restore the environment” are
as follows:

PRINCIPLE 6: ENVIRONMENT
In line with Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP) , the Company’s vision is to grow the
business whilst reduce the environmental footprint from growth and increase the social impact.
To achieve this goal, HUL has taken up ambitious targets of specific reductions in the areas of
waste (kg/tonne of production), water (m3/tonne of production) and greenhouse gas emission
(kg/tonne of production). The reductions for 2017 based on 2008 baseline are:

 CO2 emissions (kg/tonne of production) was reduced by 54%.

 Water consumption (m3/tonne of production) was reduced by 55%.

 Total waste (kg/tonne of production) generated from the factories was reduced by 54%.

HUL has undertaken multiple sustainability initiatives, which are elaborated as under:
 HUL is now using 100% of its waste residue generated from oil processing as a fuel in its
various factories. This is bio-genic (renewable source) fuel and has zero carbon footprint.
 Various solar initiatives were implemented across factories in 2017 like Solar Tree,
Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) powered by Solar Photovoltaic (PV), Solar Power
Purchase Agreements (PPAs), Roof top Solar PV throughout its manufacturing units.
 During the year, HUL upgraded effluent treatment facilities at several sites by providing
technologies like PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) gel based biocarriers, MBBR (Moving Bed
Biofilm Reactor), Volute for mechanical dewatering ETP sludge via reducing screw pitch
mechanism, Drum drier for treatment of RO rejects. The facilities were installed to
ensure that these sites remain with zero liquid effluent discharge eventually reducing
pollution.
  HUL is now maximizing the use of biodegradable material like food waste, leaves, etc.
for energy generation through their Biogas plants which are now operational in eight
sites. The biogas generated from these plants is used in canteen for cooking as well as in
other such uses.

 Over 8.5 million units (KWH) were reduced from HUL’s overall energy footprint during
2017 in comparison to last year due to the execution of various capital projects ranging
from LED lights replacement across various factories, compressed air heat recovery
system, replacement of AHU (Air Handling Unit) with HVLS (High-Volume Low-
Speed) fans, Variable Freequecy Drives (VFDs) for pumps in manufacturing,
optimization of compressed air usage through control system, steam usage optimization,
condensate recoveries and energy efficient motors for pumps and agitators. HUL has
made investments totaling approximately 7 crores in such projects in the above given
period.
 The contribution of renewable energy in total energy went up to 36%, which depicts an
increase of more than 7% as compared to last year.
 HUL has significantly increased the direct use of rainwater in operations during
monsoons to reduce groundwater withdrawal. There was a 44% increase in reuse of
captive rainwater in 2017 as compared to last year. The areas where it was used include
utilities like cooling towers, soft water generation and processes.
 Total waste reduction achieved by identifying new opportunities for reusing and
recycling wastes, recovering energy from organic process wastes, all within the purview
of statutory guidelines of waste disposals. HUL maintained the status of ‘zero non-
hazardous waste to landfill’ for all factories and offices.
Thus by analyzing all the initiatives taken by Hindustan Unilever Limited, according to me they
worked as a responsible and environment friendly business. Every such large scale organizations
must try and implement such practices throughout their organization as well.
Answer 3: a)
As the new lead of CSR management committee, according to me critical challenges
that influence working with an agency for achieving the desired goals are:
1. Lack of Dedicated Leadership-
Leadership qualities of the leaders in any NGO determine the quality and condition of the
services rendered by any organization. Especially dedicated leadership which means
‘Leadership for the sake of Leadership’ is a most important governing factor in this
regard. Unfortunately, NGOs face the crisis of leadership as the leaders who pioneer
voluntary action and work for it with spirit of devotion and dedication choose to enter
politics to find berths in legislatures and parliament thus creating a vacuum for dedication
leadership in many NGOs. With some expectations the leadership is concentrated in the
hands of elderly people. The style of functioning of these elderly people exhibits
authoritarianism and frustrates other younger people who are embodiments of new ideas,
initiatives and innovation which are not allowed to be expressed and practiced (Mehta et
al., 2010).
2. Lack of Public Participation-
NGOs are actually meant to provide opportunities to the citizens for democratic
participation but they have not been able to fulfill this obligation due to the method and
manner in which they function, and thus fail to attract people and develop channels for
peoples enthusiastic participation. Some of the factors responsible for such a condition
are general backwardness of the people, absence of adequate number of dedicated
persons, over emphasis on targets and time bound programmes, political interference and
different interests, easy availability of funds without proper planning and assessment of
felt needs and safeguards for the community, distrust of agencies and workers who do not
have a base in the community and are unable to win the support and lack of
decentralization which could give a feeling of being partners in development rather than
development being thrust from above.
3. Modernization-
Because of modernization, professionalization and introduction of management
techniques, the traditional NGOs require certain minimum, infrastructure and
administrative expenses. Unfortunately, grants-in-aid rules do not allow for such
 administrative expenditure except for contingencies. This sometimes leads to
evaporations of NGOs which used to lead by great leaders.
4. Area of Interest-
Sometimes, NGO will prefer their own area of interest in welfare activities going beyond
organizations interest or working in more than one programme. This eventually leads to
deterioration in quality of service in particular programme.
5. Misuse of Funds-
It is the matter of fact that some unscrupulous elements have made fortunes by floating
NGOs for their personnel gains and managing grants from the government as well as
from the organizations who provide them funds. It has now become a common
experience that there have been serious charges of misuse and misappropriation of funds
received as granting or aid form the government, foreign donors and raised through their
resources by the most of the NGOs. These NGOs reflect their image to other NGOs who
are working with dedication and commitment.
Thus these are the challenges that are needed to be addressed to the addressed to the team
to successfully work on the project objectives.

Answer 3: b)
As we have discussed the challenges such as lack of public participation, misuse of
funds, etc. that the CSR team may have to face here are the remedies to it which can help
overcome those challenges.
The first and most important thing is participation for which young graduates from
universities, colleges and schools should conduct the public seminars, meetings, symposiums
etc., and use the local media sources to advertise the importance of volunteerism, success stories
of NGOs and encourage people to participate in voluntarism. This can help to the NGO as well
as the firm who is appointing them for CSR purposes.
At the same time, universities, colleges and schools has to collaborate with NGOs and
conduct a campus interviews for the young graduates who are interested in voluntarism which
can also help them to build their career. NSS and NCC such groups should encourage students to
participate in voluntarism from childhood days onwards so when they reach a certain age they
voluntarily join NGOs.
 Another important challenge is misuse of funds by the NGOs. This can be solved by
appointing commissions of enquiry or committees to cross check the misuse of funds by NGOs.
this is possible through help government or forming such committee within the organization. The
member's of committee need to supervise and monitor the activities of NGO periodically.
The government of India has to liberalize the rules and regulations of grants-in-aid and
to sanction sufficient grants to NGOs. This will help NGOs a well as the organizations
appointing them for their CSR purposes. NGOs being a welfare organization should have to
maintain high standard of quality in service. The government need to recognize those NGOs, by
giving awards or rewards with additional grants. This would motivate the other NGOs to work
efficiently and cleanly.
Thus by such remedies organization can overcome the challenges and successfully use its 2% of
net profit on CSR activities as per the provision laid out under section 135 under the Companies
Act, 2012.