NSTIC Sci - Manual Part 2

NATIONAL SCIENCE TEACHING
INSTRUMENTATION CENTER
Part II:
Repair and Maintenance Manuals
of NSTIC Distributed Physics Equipment
Department of Education
Republic of the Philippines
PREFACE
The Student Worksheets and Maintenance Manual for Science I - IV

was primarily used as instructional material for the participants of the Re-
gional-Tryout Training Workshop on the Use and Care of Science Equip-
ment with Content Integration. This covers only the science equipment
from Science I-IV that was delivered to the recipient public secondary
schools of the Science Equipment Project implemented by the DepEd
NSTIC.
The main content of the manual is focused on the delivered science

equipment which was received by the principals/school heads of the re-
cipient schools. Its two major components namely : (1) the student work-
sheets that deal the functionality of application of the science equipment
on the laboratory activities; and (2) the maintenance aspect that presents
the procedural steps in conducting simple maintenance of the science
equipment for their sustainability, have made the manual inclusive and
comprehensive.
The first component which is the student worksheet is a user-

friendly and experimentally driven. This will help the students facilitate
their learning and will also serve as guide for the teachers in their teach-
ing.
Further, the manual was initially prepared, developed, nurtured, re-

viewed, edited, and compiled by the NSTIC Writing and Editorial Team. It
was presented for further suggestions and comments to the participants
of the Training of Trainers and a representative from Central Office. Fi-
nally, the Writing and Editorial Team, the Regional Science Supervisors to-
gether with the participants of the two-day Consultative Conference held
at DepEd Ecotech Center, Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City with their joint efforts
validated of the contents of this manual.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Management and Staff of the Department of Education-

National Science Teaching Instrumentation Center (NSTIC) would like to
acknowledge and extend their heartfelt gratitude to the following persons
for the publication of the Student Worksheet and Maintenance Manual
from Science I-IV:
Br. Armin A. Luistro FSC, Secretary of Education, for his vital leader-
ship, encouragement, and support of the Science Equipment Project.
Hon. Yolanda S. Quijano, Undersecretary, Programs and Projects,

Hon. Francisco M. Varela, Undersecretary for Finance and Administration,
and Hon. Rizalino D. Rivera, Undersecretary for Regional Operations, for
their utmost support to the project.
Dr. Lolita M. Andrada, BSE Director through her representative,

Engr. Mansueto M. Cabacang.
The Regional Directors for their continuous support and dedication.
Special mention goes to the Regional Science Supervisors who

attended the Consultative Conference namely: Leticia B. Bustamante,
Harvie D. Villamor, Merlyn M. Lasaca, Toribio M. Berano, Jeanette V. Mar-
tinez, Cecilia P. Rosido, Aileen E. Vocal, Maria Jesusa C. Despojo, Jocelyn
M. Conta, Jose A. Alonsabe, Erlinda A. Atienza, and Norman S. Valeroso,
as well as the Division Science Supervisors and the participants of the
Training of Trainers held at DepEd Ecotech Center, Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu
City for their valuable contribution, suggestion, and validation of the con-
tents of the manual.
NSTIC WRITING, EDITORIAL TEAM, AND SUPPORT STAFF
Editorial Team: Dir. Raul C. La Rosa

Dr. Fernando T. Po
Engr. Reginald B. Luz Roque
Writing Team : Science I– Leo M. Navarro

Danilo R. Lisondra
Science II– Gilbert O. Laxina Jr.

Jaymar N. Arioja
Science III– Maria Tita V. Valenzona

Jocelyn D. Garciano
Ruben C. Zaragoza
Science IV– Marvin S. Maquilas

Terencio G. Taneo
Alejandro B. Ybañez
Administration and Finance Division: Engr. Reginald B. Luz Roque

and Staff
Production Division: Engr. Ruben C. Zaragoza and Staff
Graphic Artist: Nicolas B. Entrena

DepEd-NSTIC
SAFETY FIRST
SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY:
1. Never allow students to engage in horseplay inside the laboratory. A lot of accidents in the
laboratory are caused by horseplay.
2. Extra experiments can only be done with permission from the teacher. Never allow a student
to work alone in the laboratory as much as possible. If working alone inside the laboratory is
unavoidable, periodically check on the concerned student.
3. Make sure students understand the instructions in the activity sheets.
4. Never allow small children (toddlers) or pets inside the laboratory.
5. Instruct students to remove and keep safe any dangling jewelry. Pin, zip, tie, chip or when
possible, remove the article of loose clothing such as jackets and shawls. Enforce good
grooming by having loose long hair pinned back or tied back, or require also the use of hair nets
or lab head scarves.
6. Work areas must be clean and free of unnecessary materials.
7. Make sure all apparatus assembly are firmly clamped.
8. Use only an equipment that is free from cracks, chips, and other defects.
9. Make regular inspection of items to note possible defects.
10. For experiments requiring connection to the main 220-volt outlet, look for exposed wirings,
loose contacts, cracked plugs, broken receptacles.
PREFACE
The Student Worksheets and Maintenance Manual for Science I - IV

was primarily used as instructional material for the participants of the Re-
gional-Tryout Training Workshop on the Use and Care of Science Equip-
ment with Content Integration. This covers only the science equipment
from Science I-IV that was delivered to the recipient public secondary
schools of the Science Equipment Project implemented by the DepEd
NSTIC.
The main content of the manual is focused on the delivered science

equipment which was received by the principals/school heads of the re-
cipient schools. Its two major components namely : (1) the student work-
sheets that deal the functionality of application of the science equipment
on the laboratory activities; and (2) the maintenance aspect that presents
the procedural steps in conducting simple maintenance of the science
equipment for their sustainability, have made the manual inclusive and
comprehensive.
The first component which is the student worksheet is a user-

friendly and experimentally driven. This will help the students facilitate
their learning and will also serve as guide for the teachers in their teach-
ing.
Further, the manual was initially prepared, developed, nurtured, re-

viewed, edited, and compiled by the NSTIC Writing and Editorial Team. It
was presented for further suggestions and comments to the participants
of the Training of Trainers and a representative from Central Office. Fi-
nally, the Writing and Editorial Team, the Regional Science Supervisors to-
gether with the participants of the two-day Consultative Conference held
at DepEd Ecotech Center, Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City with their joint efforts
validated of the contents of this manual.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Management and Staff of the Department of Education-

National Science Teaching Instrumentation Center (NSTIC) would like to
acknowledge and extend their heartfelt gratitude to the following persons
for the publication of the Student Worksheet and Maintenance Manual
from Science I-IV:
Br. Armin A. Luistro FSC, Secretary of Education, for his vital leader-
ship, encouragement, and support of the Science Equipment Project.
Hon. Yolanda S. Quijano, Undersecretary, Programs and Projects,

Hon. Francisco M. Varela, Undersecretary for Finance and Administration,
and Hon. Rizalino D. Rivera, Undersecretary for Regional Operations, for
their utmost support to the project.
Dr. Lolita M. Andrada, BSE Director through her representative,

Engr. Mansueto M. Cabacang.
The Regional Directors for their continuous support and dedication.
Special mention goes to the Regional Science Supervisors who

attended the Consultative Conference namely: Leticia B. Bustamante,
Harvie D. Villamor, Merlyn M. Lasaca, Toribio M. Berano, Jeanette V. Mar-
tinez, Cecilia P. Rosido, Aileen E. Vocal, Maria Jesusa C. Despojo, Jocelyn
M. Conta, Jose A. Alonsabe, Erlinda A. Atienza, and Norman S. Valeroso,
as well as the Division Science Supervisors and the participants of the
Training of Trainers held at DepEd Ecotech Center, Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu
City for their valuable contribution, suggestion, and validation of the con-
tents of the manual.
DepEd-NSTIC
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Part II-Repair and Maintenance 93

General Safety Precautions 95
DC Ammeter 96
DC Voltmeter 99
'Uy Cell Holder for Size D Dry Cell 102

Fuse Holder 104
Galvanometer 106
Motor Generator Model 109
Bulb Holder 114
Resistance Board 116
Resonance Tube, Close-Ended 118
Set of Coils 120
Sound Signal Generator 122
Switch, Knife Type (Single Pole-Single Throw) 125
Variable Power Supply 127
Wire Connectors 130
Introduction to Electronics 132
Basic Electronics Kit 132
Potentiometer (variable resistor) in a Circuit 133
Diode in a Circuit 134
LED in a Circuit 135
Measuring Voltage Across Capacitor 136
Voltmeter Connection in a Circuit 137
Measuring Resistance of a Bulb 138
Measuring Voltage in Series Circuit 139
Measuring Voltage in Parallel Circuit 140
Measuring Current in Series Connection 141
Measuring Current in Parallel Connection 142
Ohm’s Law 144
Factors Affecting Resistance of a Conductor 146
Basic Electromagnetism Kit 148
Faraday’s Law of Induction 149
Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Conductor 149
The Electromagnet 151
SciKit Mechanics 152
Carts and Rail System 153
Free Fall Apparatus 156
Single and Double Pulley 160
Friction System 162
Measuring Tape Assembly 164
Newton Spring Balance 165
Utility Spring Scale 166
Part II
Repair and Maintenance

DepEd-NSTIC
GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:
1. Use the right/proper tools in doing repair work to prevent damage to equipment
and harm to oneself.
2. When unplugging electrical equipment, always hold the plug not the wire.
3. Before inserting the plug into the power supply, be sure that the correct voltage
rating matches your requirement to prevent damage.
4. Never operate/handle electrically-operated science equipment with wet hands.
5. Study the accompanying instructions manual of the equipment before setting up
the experiment.
6. Use only bare hands to tighten the clamp with a wing bolt/nut. Never use pliers,
vise grip, any type of wrench, or hand tool to prevent over tightening that will
cause damage to the equipment.
7. In using a multimeter, be sure that the voltage or current to be tested is lower than
your multimeter setting.
8. Breakable items, such as glass tubes, should be properly handled during cleaning.
These items must be placed in a secure area during storage.
9. Science equipment should be used only in laboratory experiments and not for
other purposes.
10. Use a dry soft cotton cloth to wipe off dirt from the equipment; for heavy stains,
use a moistened piece of cloth; avoid using strong solvents.
11. Do not force to loosen or disassemble rusted parts or over-tightened assembly by
using a hammer or any other hand tools, to prevent damage. It is strongly
recommended that penetrating oil be applied to loosen the parts and for easy
dismantling.
12. Do not attempt to troubleshoot and repair any major electrical equipment if you
are not a qualified technician; you might get electrocuted and cause damage to
the equipment.
13. Provide the students with proper guidance before working on electrically-operated
science equipment. They should avoid playing with the science equipment.
Page 95
DepEd-NSTIC
EQUIPMENT: DC AMMETER 1.0 AMPERE

1*
2*
5*
4*
Metal screw
3* Locknut
Figure A-1. DC AMMETER 1.0 AMPERE Figure A-2
TABLE 1. MAJOR PARTS OF DC AMMETER 1.0 AMPERE
*Item Component Function

No.
1 Scale shows the calibrated value in ampere, ranging from 0 to
1.0 ampere
2 Pointer points to and tells the number of ampere
3 Binding posts terminals for external connections; these indicate the

positive (+) which is red and the negative (-) which is black
4 Fuse (1ampere/250volts) protects the unit from overload
5 Adjusting screw a zero setting of the equipment
*Item Number of Table1
Page 96
DepEd-NSTIC
MAINTENANCE AND PROPER STORAGE:
1. Clean the equipment with a dry cloth before storing.

2. Store in a dry place and keep away from rust and free from chemicals.
3. Avoid dropping the ammeter as doing so will destroy the sensitive mechanism of the unit.
4. Conduct a regular cleaning especially the contact of the equipment by using sandpaper
grit 600 or contact cleaner.
TABLE 2. TROUBLESHOOTING OF DC AMMETER 1.0 AMPERE
Problem Probable Cause Remedy
Equipment not functioning Blown fuse Replace the fuse with a new one
Damaged coil Replace the equipment with a new

one
Pointer cannot be set to Loose nut at pointer holder Remove the front cover by opening
Zero Position first the bottom cover of the unit, then
unscrew the metal screws (as shown
in Figure A-2). Check the nut of the
pointer holder, if loose, then hand-
tighten it
Adjusting screw was Remove the front cover by opening

dislodged from the slotted first the bottom cover of the unit, then
mechanism of the pointer unscrew the metal screws (as shown
in Figure A-2). Check the adjusting
screw, if dislodged from the slotted
mechanism of the pointer, then fix it
Intermittent deflection of Loose contact terminals Check any loose terminals at the
the pointer binding post. Open the unit when
needed and tighten the loosened
locknut in the binding post (as shown
in Figure A-2).
Page 97
DepEd-NSTIC
PRECAUTIONS:
Operate the unit only up to its designated limit which is a maximum of 1.0 Ampere .
Do not subject the meter to major shocks such as bumping and/or dropping.
Exact polarity should be observed, positive wire connector which is red should be connected to positive
terminal while negative wire connector which is black should be connected to the negative terminal of
the ammeter.
Use the equipment according to its specified purpose.
Keep the equipment in a dry place.
Do not connect the ammeter directly across a battery (as shown in Figure A-3) because it will damage
the ammeter coil.
Figure A-3
Page 98
DepEd-NSTIC
EQUIPMENT: DC VOLTMETER 10 VOLT
2* 1*
5*
Metal screw
4*
3* Locknut
Figure B-2
Figure B-1. DC Voltmeter 10 Volt
TABLE 3. MAJOR PARTS OF DC VOLTMETER 10 VOLT
Item Component Function

No.
1 Scale shows the calibrated value in volts, ranging from 0 to
10 volts
2 Pointer points to and tells the number of volts
3 Binding posts are terminals for external connections; are color

coded to indicate the positive (+) which is red and
the negative (-) which is black
4 Fuse is a protecting device when there is a surge in power
(160 mA/250 volts)
5 Adjusting screw is a zero setting of the equipment
*Item Number of Table 3
Page 99
DepEd-NSTIC
1. Clean the equipment with a dry cloth before storing
3. Avoid dropping the voltmeter as doing so will destroy the sensitive mechanism of the unit.
4. Conduct a regular cleaning especially the contact of the equipment by using sandpaper grit 600
or contact cleaner..
TABLE 4. TROUBLESHOOTING OF DC VOLTMETER 10 VOLT
Equipment not Blown fuse Replace the fuse with a new one
functioning
Damaged coil Replace the equipment with a new one
Pointer cannot be Loose nut at pointer holder Remove the front cover by opening first the
set to Zero Position bottom cover of the unit, then unscrew the
metal screws ( as shown in Figure B-2 ).
Check the nut of the pointer holder, if
loose, then hand-tighten it.
Adjusting screw was Remove the front cover by opening first the
dislodged from the slotted bottom cover of the unit, then unscrew the
mechanism of the pointer metal screws ( as shown in Figure B-2 ).
Check the adjusting screw, if dislodged from
the slotted mechanism of the pointer, then
fix it.
Intermittent Loose contact terminals Check any loose terminals at binding post, if
deflection of the necessary, open the unit and tighten the
pointer loosened locknut of the binding post (as
shown in Figure B-2).
Page 100
DepEd-NSTIC
PRECAUTIONS:
Operate the unit up to its desired limit, which is a maximum of 10 volts.
Do not subject the meter to major shocks such as bumping and/or dropping.
Exact polarity should be observed, positive wire connector which is red should be connected to
positive terminal while negative wire connector which is black should be connected to negative
terminal of the voltmeter.
Use the equipment according to its specific purpose.
Page 101
DepEd-NSTIC
EQUIPMENT : DRY CELL HOLDER FOR SIZE D DRY CELL

3*
1*
2*
4*
Figure C : Dry cell Holder for size D Dry Cell
TABLE 5. MAJOR PARTS OF DRY CELL HOLDER FOR SIZE D DRY CELL
*Item No. Component Function

1 Case/Holder hold the dry cell in place consist negative and positive
terminals
2 Negative terminal is made of spring and serves as negative pole of the dry cell
3 Positive terminal is a flat contact plate that connects to the positive terminal
of the dry cell
4 Snap- on connector is used for interconnecting the dry cell
1. Clean the dry cell holder with a dry cloth before storing.
2. Keep the dry cell holder in a dry, safe place, and free from chemicals.
3. Avoid dropping the equipment or subjecting it to strong impact.
4. Remove the dry cell from the case/holder when not in use and before storing the holder.
5. Conduct a regular cleaning especially the contact of the equipment by using sandpaper grit 600
or contact cleaner.
Page 102
DepEd-NSTIC
TABLE 6. TROUBLESHOOTING OF THE DRY CELL HOLDER FOR SIZE D DRY CELL
Broken terminal Improper use of the dry cell Connect the wire connector with
holder alligator clips to the snap-on connector
PRECAUTIONS:
Observe the proper polarity when installing the dry cell.
Never incenerate or burn a dry cell, for it will explode.
PROCEDURE FOR PROPER DISPOSAL OF DRY CELL /BATTERY:
1. Collect all used batteries in a carton .

2. When the carton is full, seal with packing tape and label “for disposal” .
3. Bring it to pick-up location for proper disposal.
Page 103
DepEd-NSTIC
EQUIPMENT : FUSE HOLDER

4*
2*
1* 3*
To open
Figure D. Fuse Holder
TABLE 7. MAJOR PARTS OF FUSE HOLDER
1 Holder is a compartment or chamber for holding a fuse
2 Binding post terminals for external connection
3 Base is a plastic part that holds all the components of the fuse
holder
4 Holder cover protects the fuse and ensures that there will be no direct
contact with the user
2. Always store the fuse holder in a safe and dry place.
3. It should not be exposed to chemicals.
4. Conduct a regular cleaning especially the contact of the equipment by using sandpaper grit 600 or
contact cleaner.
Page 104
DepEd-NSTIC
TABLE 8. TROUBLESHOOTING OF FUSE HOLDER
No current flow at binding Blown fuse Replace the fuse with a new one
post terminal
Broken wire Fix the wire by soldering
Loose terminals Check and tighten the connections
PRECAUTIONS:
Open the holder cover as illustrated in Figure D.
Page 105
DepEd-NSTIC
EQUIPMENT: GALVANOMETER
2*
1*
4*
Metal screw
3* Locknut
Figure E-1 Galvanometer Figure E-2
TABLE 9. MAJOR PARTS OF GALVANOMETER
1 Scale shows the calibrated value in microamperes ranging from

0 to 500 microamperes
2 Pointer points to, and tells the number of microamperes
3 Binding post terminals for external connection; red terminal indicates

positive (+) while black terminal is negative (-)
4 Adjusting screw is a zero setting of the equipment
Page 106
DepEd-NSTIC
2. Store in a dry place and keep away from rust and keep free from chemicals.
3. Avoid dropping the galvanometer, as in doing so it will destroy the sensitive mechanism of unit.
4. Conduct regular cleaning especially the contact of the equipment by using sandpaper grit 600 or
contact cleaner.
TABLE 10. TROUBLESHOOTING OF GALVANOMETER
Equipment not functioning Blown fuse Replace the fuse with a new one
Damaged coil Replace the equipment with a new

one
Pointer cannot be set to Loose nut at pointer holder Remove the front cover by opening
zero position first the bottom cover of the unit,
then unscrew the metal screws
(as shown in Figure E-2). Check the
nut of pointer holder, if loose, then
hand-tighten it.
Adjusting screw was Remove the front cover by opening

dislodged from the slotted first the bottom cover of the unit,
mechanism of the pointer then unscrew the metal screws (as
shown in Figure E-2 ). Check the
adjusting screw, if dislodged from
the slotted mechanism of the
pointer, then fix it.
Intermittent deflection of Loose contact terminals Check any loose terminals at the
the pointer binding post, if necessary open the
unit and tighten the loosened
locknut in the binding post
(as shown in Figure E-2)
Page 107
DepEd-NSTIC
PRECAUTIONS:
Do not operate beyond a rating of 500 microamperes .
Do not subject the meter to major shocks such as bumping and dropping.
Exact polarity should be observed.
Use the equipment according to its specific purpose.
Do not overload the galvanometer by connecting it directly to dry cell.
Page 108
DepEd-NSTIC
EQUIPMENT: MOTOR GENERATOR MODEL
3*
7*
2*
11*
6*
9*
5*
4*
Figure F-1 Motor Generator Model
1*
10*
12*
8*
Figure F-2
Page 109
DepEd-NSTIC
TABLE 11. MAJOR PARTS OF MOTOR-GENERATOR MODEL
1 Armature For generator setup:

the armature rotates through the magnetic field and
where the coils of wires are wound
For motor setup:
it is a wire wound around an iron core and rotates with
the rotor, transferring energy to the shaft
2 Shaft For generator setup:
the shaft transfer mechanical energy to the armature
and turns the rotor through the magnetic field
For motor setup:
the shaft rotates with the armature, it transfers
mechanical energy to connected devices to do work
3 Hand wheel For generator setup:
the hand wheel serves as a driver
4 Power source serves as connector to the power supply

terminal for motor
(6 volts/ 3amperes)
5 LED serves as an indicator for the generator output
6 Selector switch is used to select motor or generator mode
7 Pulley belt transmit mechanical energy from the driver to the

driven pulley
8 brush/es connects the split ring commutator to other

components
9 Base holds all the components of the motor-generator

assembly in place
10 Split-ring For generator setup: (Split ring)

commutator is used to make current output to flow in one direction
For motor setup:
ensures that current always flows in the same direction
along the rotor (coil) relative to the external magnetic
field
11 Pair of Bar Magnets serves as stator of the equipment that produces
permanent magnetic field
12 Adjustment screw supports and provides the clearance between the shaft
and the screws
Page 110
DepEd-NSTIC
2. Store the apparatus in a safe, dry place, and free from chemicals.
3. Avoid dropping the equipment.
4. Check the shaft if it is properly mounted, and oil both ends of the shaft in contact with the
adjustment screw before use.
5. Check the hand wheel if it is properly mounted.
6. After using the equipment, disengage the belt from the hand wheel to prevent it from
overstretching.
7. Check the contact points of metal brushes and split ring before turning the hand wheel and remove
oxide deposits by using sandpaper grit 600.
TABLE 12. TROUBLESHOOTING OF MOTOR- GENERATOR MODEL
Hand wheel is hard to turn Clearance between the shaft Adjust the screw on both ends
and the adjustment screw is enough to rotate the shaft freely
too tight
Replacement belt is too tight Replace with the same type of belt
(refer to procedure on how to replace
the belt)
Belt slippage Worn-out belt Replace with the same type of belt
(refer to procedure on how to replace
the belt)
LED does not light Busted LED Check, if busted, replace LED
Broken wire at LED Check and fix by soldering
Page 111
DepEd-NSTIC
Open circuit Check selector switch, if broken wire

is found, fix by soldering
Check and fix the loose contact at

adjustment screw
Check and fix the loose contact

between the brushes and split ring
Check the armature and split ring, if

broken wire is found, fix by soldering
Check and fix the loose contact

between adjustment screw and LED
Check defective armature coils

(refer to qualified technician)
Demagnetized bar magnets Replace with the same type of

magnets (refer to qualified
technician)
PRECAUTIONS:
For motor mode, do not supply more than 6 volts.
Never touch all moving parts.
When shifting to motor mode, disengage the belt from the hand wheel to prevent overload.
No horseplaying when performing the experiment.
Page 112
DepEd-NSTIC
PROCEDURE ON HOW TO REPLACE THE BELT:
1. First, loosen the adjustment screw by using screwdriver to remove the shaft.
(as shown in figure below)
2. Insert the belt in the groove of the shaft.
3. Assemble back the shaft and the adjustment screw.
4. See to it that the shaft is free to rotate with the correct clearance before finally fixing the
adjustment screw.
5. Connect the belt to the hand wheel.
6. Lastly, test for the correct tightness by manually rotating the hand wheel .
Groove of the shaft
Belt
Adjustment screw
Page 113
DepEd-NSTIC
EQUIPMENT: BULB HOLDER
2* 1*
3*
4*
Figure G. Bulb holder
TABLE 13. MAJOR PARTS OF BULB HOLDER
1 Bulb (1.25 – 2.5 volts) use this as load in the circuit
2 Socket hold the bulb in place and provides connectivity to

other components.
3 Binding post serves as terminals for external connection
4 Base used to hold the components

2. Always store the equipment in a dry, safe place, and free from chemicals.
3. Conduct regular cleaning especially the contact of the equipment by using sandpaper grit 600
or contact cleaner.
4. Avoid dropping the equipment or subject it to strong impact.
Page 114
DepEd-NSTIC
TABLE 14. TROUBLESHOOTING OF BULB HOLDER
Open circuit Loose contact or no contact See to it that the bulb is properly installed
between socket and bulb
Busted bulb Replace the bulb with a new one
Broken wires at the binding Check and fix by soldering

post
Loose contact at socket Check the wire if properly connected at

terminals socket terminals
PRECAUTIONS:
Never connect the equipment beyond its rated capacity.
Avoid exposing the equipment to wet conditions.
Page 115
DepEd-NSTIC
EQUIPMENT: RESISTANCE BOARD
2*
1*
3*
Figure H. Resistance Board
Page 116
DepEd-NSTIC
TABLE 15. MAJOR PARTS OF RESISTANCE BOX
1 Mounting board mounts the components in place
2 Nichrome wires comes in various sizes, used to indicate varied resistance
3 Terminal assembly connects external components and fixes the nichrome

wires in place
3. Conduct a regular cleaning of the equipment especially the contact by using sandpaper grit 600 or
contact cleaner.
TABLE 16. TROUBLESHOOTING OF RESISTANCE BOX

Detached nichrome Loose terminal assembly Loosen the screws of the terminal
wire assembly and fix the nichrome wire.
No electrical continuity Broken nichrome wire Replace and fix the wire
Dirty terminals Clean the terminals by using sandpaper

grit 600 or contact cleaner
PRECAUTION:
Never put any heavy objects on top of the equipment.
Page 117
DepEd-NSTIC
EQUIPMENT: RESONANCE TUBE, CLOSE- ENDED
2* 4* 5*
3*
6* 1*
Figure I. Close-Ended Resonance Tube
Page 118
DepEd-NSTIC
TABLE 17. MAJOR PARTS OF CLOSE-ENDED RESONANCE TUBE
1 Stand holds the resonance tube
2 Outer tube used as an outer casing
3 Inner tube adjusts or varies the air column
4 Felt seals the inner tube to make the resonance tube air tight
5 Barrier/Stopper reflects sounds
6 Rubber plug protects the inner surface of the outer tube from dust or
foreign objects accumulation
1. Always clean the equipment with a dry cloth before storing.
2. Always store in a safe, dry place, and free from chemicals.
3 . Avoid dropping the equipment.
4. Store horizontally with stands and avoid placing heavy objects on top of the equipment.
TABLE 17-A TROUBLESHOOTING OF CLOSE-ENDED RESONANCE TUBE
No reflection of sound Detached stopper and felt seal Apply adhesive to fix it back
permanently
PRECAUTIONS:
Never push or pull the inner tube beyond its limit.
Always push or pull the inner tube in parallel manner with the outer tube.
Avoid exposing the felt to wet conditions .
Page 119
DepEd-NSTIC
EQUIPMENT: SET OF COILS

3*
1*
2*
Figure J. Set of Coils
TABLE 18. MAJOR PARTS OF SET OF COILS
1 Core made of iron; used to vary the magnetic field
2 Inner and Outer coil used interchangeably as primary or secondary
3 Binding post terminals for external connections
2. Always store the equipment in a dry, safe place, and free from chemicals.
3. Avoid dropping the equipment or subjecting it to strong impact.
4. Store the components of equipment as a set.
5. Conduct regular cleaning especially the contact by using sandpaper grit 600 or contact cleaner.
6. Check regularly the conditions of the insulating tape, if peeled-off, you can repair by providing
insulating varnish or electrical tape.
Page 120
DepEd-NSTIC
TABLE 19. TROUBLESHOOTING OF SET OF COILS
No output voltage Open circuit Check and fix any loose contact at the
binding posts
Check broken wire at terminals and fix by
soldering
Check if the coil is burn-out
(refer to qualified technician for coil
rewinding)
Defective primary and Replace the unit with a new one.
secondary coil
PRECAUTIONS:
Do not supply more than 6 volts to avoid overheating. It will damage the unit and possibly result to
injury to the experimenter.
Do not attempt to remove the insulating tape or the insulation of the coils.
Avoid exposing to wet conditions.
Page 121
DepEd-NSTIC
EQUIPMENT: SOUND SIGNAL GENERATOR
2* 7* 1*
6*
8*
3* 4*
5*
Figure K. Sound Signal Generator Figure K-1 9*
Variable Power
Supply
Sound Signal
Generator
Binding posts as terminals

for the loudspeaker
Loudspeaker
Troubleshooting Setup
Page 122
DepEd-NSTIC
TABLE 20. MAJOR PARTS OF SOUND SIGNAL GENERATOR
1 Power switch used to connect to or isolate from the mains
2 Frequency multiplier used to select the frequency range
3 Fine frequency control a potentiometer to select the appropriate frequency of

the unit
4 Sine-Square selector select a desired wave form of the output either sine or
(toggle switch) square waveform
5 Sound signal output connect the unit to loudspeaker using connector wire
terminals
6 Sound signal input connect the unit to the 12- volts DC power supply
terminals
7 Volume control regulates the output of the sound generator
8 Fuse holder serves as compartment or chamber which holds the fuse
9 Sound signal wire used to connect the sound signal generator to the DC
connectors power supply
2. Always store in a safe, dry place, keep the unit away from dust, and free from chemicals
3. Conduct regular cleaning especially the contact of the equipment by using sandpaper grit 600
or contact cleaner
*Item Number of Table 20.
Page 123
DepEd-NSTIC
TABLE 21. TROUBLESHOOTING OF SOUND SIGNAL GENERATOR
No sound Blown fuse at sound signal Replace the fuse with a new one
generator (1 ampere/250volts)
Variable power supply not Refer to Table 25 for Troubleshooting of

functioning Variable Power supply
Defective sound signal wire Check and replace wire connectors

connectors
Loose binding post Check and tighten the binding post nut
Loose terminals Check all terminals and make necessary

repair
Broken wire Check and fix the wires by soldering
Defective/damaged speaker Replace the speaker with a new one
Note: If the above remedies will not work out, refer to a qualified electronic technician.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Do not subject the unit to more than the indicated power rating.
2. Never put any heavy object on top of the equipment.
3. Observe the correct polarity during interconnection of input terminals to avoid damage of the
equipment. Use red for positive terminal and black for the negative terminal.
4. Keep the equipment in a dry place.
Page 124
DepEd-NSTIC
EQUIPMENT : SWITCH, KNIFE TYPE (Single Pole-Single Throw)
2* 3*
1*
4*
Figure L. Switch, Knife Type (Single Pole-Single Throw)
TABLE 22. MAJOR PARTS OF SWITCH, KNIFE TYPE (Single Pole-Single Throw)

1 Base serves as mounting board for the component
2 Knife/lever used to close or open the circuit
3. Binding post used as terminals for external connection

4 Contact plate used as a contact of the lever
2. Conduct regular cleaning of the equipment especially the contact by using sandpaper grit
600 or contact cleaner.
3. Always store the switch in a safe, dry place, and free from chemicals.
Page 125
DepEd-NSTIC
TABLE 23. TROUBLESHOOTING OF SWITCH, KNIFE TYPE (Single Pole-Single Throw)
Open circuit Broken wire Reconnect by soldering
Loose contact plate Press by using pliers to set the clearance

of the contact plate,the lever should be
tightly fitted to the contact plate to
avoid loose contact.
Loose contact at binding Tighten the binding post nut

post
Lever got stock-up Rusted contact Clean contacts by applying sandpaper

grit 600 or contact cleaner
PRECAUTIONS:
Do not apply more than 12 volts.
Hold the insulated portion of the lever when operating the switch.
Never connect directly to alternating current 220 volts power outlet (as shown in Figure L-1).
220 Volts Power

Outlet
Figure L-1 Switch, Knife Type
Page 126
DepEd-NSTIC
EQUIPMENT: VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY
3*
6*
1*
5*
2* 4*
Figure M-1. Variable Power Supply
7*
8*
Figure M-2 Figure M-3
Page 127
DepEd-NSTIC
TABLE 24. PARTS OF A VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY
1 Power switch used to connect to or isolate from the mains.
2 Fuse (3amp., 250V) protects the unit from overload
3 AC/DC selector selects the alternating current or direct current mode

of the unit
4 AC output binding post used as an AC output terminal connection
5 DC output binding post used as a DC output terminal connection; for polarity

coding, the positive (+) is red and the negative (-) is
black
6 Voltage selector selects the preset voltages (3, 6, 9, and 12 volts)
7 Power cord connects the equipment to AC main outlet
8 Locknuts used as a locking component of the binding post
2. Always store in a safe, dry place, keep the unit away from dust, and free from chemicals.
4. When not in use, secure the power cord.
5. Conduct regular cleaning of contacts of the equipment by using sandpaper grit 600 or contact
cleaner.
Page 128
DepEd-NSTIC
TABLE 25. TROUBLESHOOTING OF VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY
No output Blown fuse Replace the fuse (3amperes/250volts)
Damaged power cord Replace the power cord
Loose contact Fix the contact of the plug, adaptor and

power main outlet
Defective power switch Check the switch and if found defective,

replace the switch
Loose binding post Tigten the locknuts at AC/DC binding post
(as shown in Figure M-3)
Defective voltage selector Check for any loose wire at voltage selector
and make necessary repair by soldering
Malfunction of AC/DC mode Check for any loose wire at toggle switch
selector and make necessary repair by soldering
PRECAUTIONS:
Do not rotate the voltage selector switch when a load is connected to the power supply.
Do not subject the unit to more than the indicated power rating.
Do not subject the unit to excessive shocks such as bumping and dropping.
Always unplug the equipment from the main supply before changing fuse and opening the unit.
Do not operate with wet hands, it can cause electric shock.
Always check the power cord before operating or plugging the equipment to the power mains.
If power cord insulation is partly peeled-off, reinsulate by using electrical tape. If damage is severe,
replace with new power cord.
Page 129
DepEd-NSTIC
EQUIPMENT: SET OF WIRE CONNECTORS
2*
1*
Figure N. Set of Wire Connectors
TABLE 26. MAJOR PARTS OF WIRE CONNECTORS
1 Alligator clips to connect wire easier by clamping
2 Wire (AWG # 22) a flexible electrical conductor

For polarity coding:
Red is used for positive terminals.
Black is used for negative terminals.
White is used for neutral or common terminals.
Yellow is used for grounding.
1. Always store the wire connectors in a dry, safe place, and free from chemicals.
2. Avoid coiling the wire to prevent damage.
3. Provide a wire organizer as shown in Figure N-1.
Figure N-1
*Item Number of Table 26.
Page 130
DepEd-NSTIC
TABLE 27. TROUBLESHOOTING OF WIRE CONNECTORS

No continuity of wire Loose contact Check the connections
connector between the alligator and the
wire, make necessary repair
Broken wire Replace the wire with a new
one
PRECAUTIONS:
Never use wire connectors without insulation.
Page 131
DepEd-NSTIC
PHYSICS-ELECTRICITY SCIENCE EQUIPMENT
A- INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS
A1-Basic Electronics Kit

Identification of Electronics Components
ITEM COMPONENTS FUNCTION
1 UTILITY BOARD used for mounting electrical components
2 POTENTIOMETER a three-terminal resistor used to vary input and output
(Variable Resistor) voltages in a circuit
3 DIODE a two-terminal electronic component with low resistance to
4 pcs current flow in one direction, and high resistance in the other
4 CAPACITOR a device used for accumulating and holding a charge of
2 pcs electricity
5 RESISTOR used to limit the current flowing through a circuit
3 pcs
6 BULB (1.5V ) circuit load that converts electrical energy into light by heating
4 pcs its filament
7 FUSE a safety device containing a conductor that melts when excess
5 pcs current runs through an electrical circuit, breaking the circuit
8 FUSE BOX/HOLDER holds the fuse in place; consist of two terminals
1 pc
9 PHOTO CELL an electric device that converts light into electrical energy or
(Photo electric cell ) uses light to regulate the flow of current
1 pc
10 THERMISTOR a temperature-sensitive resistor, that is, its terminal resistance
1 pc is related to its body temperature
11 NPN TRANSISTOR a three-layer semiconductor device consisting of two n
1 pc and one p-type layers to amplify currents
12 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE a type of diode that gives off visible light when it is forward
( LED ) biased (conducting)
2 pcs
13 SWITCH used to close or open the circuit
1 pc
14 STORAGE TRAY stores all components of the kit
1 pc
15 CONNECTOR WIRES used to connect two or more components in a circuit
8 pcs
MAINTENANCE AND PROPER STORAGE

1. Store all items properly, keep them dry and away from chemicals to avoid
rust and oxidation
2. Clean all items from dust, wipe with dry cloth before storing
3. Return the instruments to their designated cases during storing
Page 132
DepEd-NSTIC
Note : Safety Precaution

1. Operate the instruments within the required capacity.
2. Don't expose the kit to wet conditions.
3. Observe safety precautions when using electrical devices.
EXPERIMENT/SETUP : "A2" Potentiometer (variable resistor) in a Circuit
1*
5*
2*
4*
3*
MAJOR COMPONENTS IN SETUP: "A2"

ITEM* COMPONENTS FUNCTION
1 VOLTMETER measures the voltage between two points in a circuit
2 POTENTIOMETER a three-terminal resistor used to vary input and output
in a circuit
3 DRY CELL (1.5V) power source
4 DRY CELL HOLDER holds the dry cell in place; consists of positive and negative
terminals
TROUBLESHOOTING IN SETUP: "A2"

ITEM PROBLEMS PROBABLE CAUSE REMEDY
1 1. Voltmeter not 1. Connector wires not 1. Check connectors and clamp
responding in normal properly clamped them properly
condition 2. Blown fuse 2. Change fuse with a good one
and with the same rating
3. Drained dry cell 3.Change dry cell with new one
4. Defective potentiometer 4. Change potentiometer
with a good one
5. Defective voltmeter 5. Change voltmeter with a
good one
*Item No. in Setup"A2"
Page 133
DepEd-NSTIC
EXPERIMENT SETUP "A3"-Diode in a Circuit
4*
1*
2*
3*
7*
6*
5*
MAJOR COMPONENTS IN SETUP "A3"

1 DIODE a two-terminal electronic component with low resistance to
current flow in one direction, and high resistance in the
opposite direction
2 BULB (1.5V) circuit load that converts electrical energy into light
3 BULB HOLDER/SOCKET holds the bulb in place and provides connectivity to other
components
terminals
TROUBLE SHOOTING IN SETUP "A3"-Diode in a Circuit

1 Bulb does not light 1. Busted bulb 1. Change bulb with a new one
(1.5v-2.5v)
2. Placement of diode is 2. Reverse the diode
inverted
3. Drained dry cell 3. Replace the dry cell with a
new one
4. Loose connection at the 4. Check up and fix the loose
switch connection
*Item No. in Setup "A3"
Page 134
DepEd-NSTIC
EXPERIMENT/SETUP: "A4"-LED in a Circuit
1*
2* 6*
3*
5*
4* 7*
MAJOR COMPONENTS IN SETUP: "A4"

1 AMMETER measures current in amperes
2 LIGHT EMITTING DIODE a type of diode that gives off visible light when it is
forward biased
3 RESISTOR used to limit the current flow in a circuit
4 SWITCH used to close and open the circuit
5 DRY CELL (1.5V ) power source
terminals
TROUBLE SHOOTING IN SETUP "A4"- LED in a Circuit

1 Ammeter not responding 1. Open circuit 1. Check up and fix connection
in normal condition 2. Busted fuse 2. Replace fuse with a good
one
3. Drained dry cell 3. Replace the dry cell with a
good one
4. Defective ammeter 4. Replace ammeter with a
new one
2 LED won't light in normal 1. Busted LED 1. Replace LED with a good one
condition
*Item No. In Setup "A4"
Page 135
DepEd-NSTIC
EXPERIMENT/SETUP: "A5"-Measuring Voltage across Capacitor
2*
1*
3*
MAJOR COMPONENTS IN SETUP "A5"

1 MULTIMETER measures the voltage across the capacitor
(used as voltmeter)
2 CAPACITOR used for accumulating and holding a charge of electricity
3 TEST LEAD connector wires used for testing
TROUBLE SHOOTING IN SETUP "A5" - Measuring Voltage across a Capacitor

1 MULTIMETER not 1. Drained dry cell 1. Replace dry cell with a
responding in normal new one
conditoin 2. Defective multimeter 2. Replace multimeter with a new
one
2 MULTIMETER doesn't 1. Test lead not properly 1. Attach firmly the test
give voltage reading connected to the lead to the two
capacitor terminals of capacitor
EXPERIMENT/SETUP: "B" - MEASURING CURRENT, VOLTAGE, AND RESISTANCE

SETUP: "B1"- Ammeter Connection in a Circuit
5**
7** 4**
6**
3**
2** 1**
*Item No. in Setup "A5" **Item No. in Setup "B1"

Page 136
DepEd-NSTIC
MAJOR COMPONENTS IN SETUP "B1"

3 BULB HOLDER holds the bulb in place and provides connectivity to other
components
terminals
7 CONNECTOR WIRES used to connect two or more components in the circuit
TROUBLE SHOOTING IN SETUP "B1" - Ammeter Connection in a Circuit

1 Ammeter not reponding 1. Open circuit 1. Check connection and fix
in normal condition 2. Blown fuse 2. Replace fuse with a new one
3. Busted bulb 3. Replace bulb with a new one
4. Defective ammeter 4. Replace ammeter with a
functional one
SETUP "B2" - Voltmeter Connection in a Circuit
4* 5*
2*
6*
7*
3*
1*

1 VOLTMETER measures the voltage between two points of the circuit
components
*Item No. In Setup "B2"
Page 137
DepEd-NSTIC

4 SWITCH used to close or open the cicuit
terminals
7 CONNECTOR WIRES used to connect two or more components in the circuit
TROUBLE SHOOTING IN SETUP "B2" - Voltmeter Connection in a Circiut

1 Voltmeter not responding 1. Busted bulb 1. Replace bulb with a new one
in normal condition 2. Blown fuse 2. Replace fuse with a new one
3. Open circuit 3. Check connections and fix
4. Defective voltmeter 4. Replace voltmeter with a
functional one
SETUP "B3 - Measuring Resistance of Bulb
2*
3*
4*
1*

1 MULTIMETER used as an ohmmeter for measuring electrical resistance
(used as ohmmeter )
components
4 TEST LEAD connector wires used for testing
TROUBLE SHOOTING IN SETUP "B3" - Measuring Resistance of Bulb

1 Multimeter does not 1. Busted bulb or open 1. Replace bulb with new one or
respond circuit fix open circuit
2. Defective multimeter 2. Replace multimeter with a
functional one
*Item No. in Setup "B3"
Page 138
DepEd-NSTIC
EXPERIMENT/SETUP "C" - VOLTAGE IN SERIES AND PARALLEL CONNECTION

SETUP "C-a1"- Measuring Voltage in Series Circuit across Power Source
SETUP "C-a2" - Measuring Voltage in Series Circuit, Bulb No. 1.
4*
6*
7* 5*
3*
2*
1*
SETUP "C-a3" - Measuring Voltage in Series Circuit, Bulb No. 2.
Page 139
DepEd-NSTIC
SETUP "C-b1" - Measuring Voltage in Parallel Circuit across Power Source
SETUP "C-b2" - Measuring Voltage in Parallel Circuit, Bulb No. 1

4* 6*
2*
5*
7*
1*
3*
SETUP "C-b3" - Measuring Voltage in Parallel Circuit, Bulb No.2
*Item No. in Setup "C "

Page 140
DepEd-NSTIC
Page 141
DepEd-NSTIC
SETUP "D-a2" - Current Measurement for Bulb No. 1, Connected in Series

7*
6*
4*
5*
2*
3* 1*
SETUP "D-a3" - Current Measurement for Bulb No. 2, Connected in Series
SETUP "D-b1" - Current Measurement for Power Source in Parallel Connection
Page 142
DepEd-NSTIC
SETUP "D-b2" - Current Measurement for Bulb No. 1 in Parallel Connection

7*
4*
4* 6*
5*
2*
1*
3*
SETUP "D-b3" - Current Measurement for Bulb No. 2 in Parallel Connection
MAJOR COMPONENTS IN SETUP "D"

2 BULBS (1.5V) circuit load that converts electrical energy into light
components
terminals
TROUBLE SHOOTING IN SETUP "D" - Current in Series and Parallel Connection

1 AMMETER not 1. Busted bulb 1. Replace bulb with a new one
responding in normal 2. Blown fuse 2. Replace fuse with a new one
condition 3. Drained dry cell 3. Replace dry cell with a new one
Page 143
DepEd-NSTIC

5. Defective ammeter 5. Replace ammeter with a new
one
EXPERIMENT/SETUP: "E" - OHM'S LAW
SETUP "E1" - Using One Resistor
1*
7*
3*
2*
5*
4*
6*
SETUP "E2" - Using Two Resistors

1*
7*
5* 3*
4*
2*
6*
*Item No. in Setup "E"
Page 144
DepEd-NSTIC
SETUP "E3" - Using Three Resistors
1*
7*
5* 3*
4*
2*
6*
MAJOR COMPONENTS IN SETUP: "E"

1 VOLTMETER measures the voltage between the two points in a circuit
3 RESISTOR used to limit the current flowing through a circuit
4 DRY CELL (1.5V ) power source
5 DRY CELL HLDER holds the dry cell in place; consist of positive and negative
terminals
7 CONNECTOR WIRES used to connect between two or more components
in a circuit
TROUBLE SHOOTING IN SETUP: "E" - OHM'S LAW

ITEM PROBLEMS PROBABLE CUASE REMEDY
1 VOLTMETER not 1. Open circuit 1. Check connections and fix
condition 3. Drained dry cell 3. Replace dry cell with a new one
4. Defective voltmeter 4. Replace voltmeter with a new
one
2 AMMETER not 1. Refer to nos. 1, 2, and 3 1. Refer to nos. 1, 2, and 3
responding in normal 2. Defective ammmeter 2. Replace ammeter with a new
conditoin one
Page 145
DepEd-NSTIC
EXPERIMENT SETUP: "F" - FACTORS AFFECTING RESISTANCE

OF A CONDUCTOR
SETUP "F1" - Resistance and Wire Length
1*
2*
5*
3*
4* 6*
7*
SETUP: "F2" - Resistance and Wire Diameter
1*
2*
5*
3*
4*
6*
7*
MAJOR COMPONENTS IN SETUP: "F"

1 VOLTMETER measures the voltage between two points in a circuit
2 MULTIMETER measures current in amperes
(used as ammeter )
3 RESISTANCE BOARD contains wires used to study factors affecting their resistance
4 DRY CELL ( 1.5V ) power source
5 DRY CELL HOLDER holds the dry cell in place; consists of positve and negative
terminals
*Item No. In Setup "F"
Page 146
DepEd-NSTIC
TROUBLE SHOOTING IN SETUP: "F" - Factors Affecting Resistance of a Conductor

ITEM PROBLEMS PROBABLE CUASE REMEDY
1 VOLTMETER not 1. Open circuit 1. Check connections and fix
condition 3. Drained dry cell 3. Replace the dry cell with a new
one
4. Defective voltmeter 4. Replace voltmeter with a new
one
2 MULTIMETER not 1. Refer to nos. 1, 2, and 3 1. Refer to nos. 1, 2, and 3
responding in normal 2. Defective multimeter 2. Replace multimeter with a new
condition one
Page 147
DepEd-NSTIC
PHYSICS-ELECTROMAGNETISM SCIENCE EQUIPMENT
G - INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROMAGNETISM
G1- Basic Electromagnetism kit

Identification of Electromagnetism Components
1 DISK MAGNET a circular iron magnet with a hole at the center that
provides permanent magnetic field
2 NEODYMIUM MAGNET a circular iron magnet (looks like a 25-centavo coin) that
provides permanent magnetic field
3 PAIR OF BAR MAGNET a rectangular iron magnet that provides permanent magnetic
field
4 LATCH MAGNET a square plate magnet with different colors on each (yellow,
red, green and blue) that provides permanent magnetic field
5 WOOD BLOCK (62mm x a rectangular wood block that could be used as an aid to set up
150mm) with pilot hole experiment
6 SMALL METAL STRIP used as one of the components of Morse key switch
7 ARMATURE rotating core in an electric motor/generator
8 LARGE Z SHAPE METAL serves as sounder in Morse key
9 MAGNET WIRE #28 AWG is wound around a core and provides temporary magnetic field
terminals
11 MAGNETIC COMPASS used as magnetic field detector
12 NAILS serves as an iron core to detect the presence of
eletromagnetic fields inside the coil
13 INSULATED COPPER used to develop magnetic field when current is introduced
WIRE #14
14 SCREWS serves as fastener of other components
15 IRON FILINGS used in mapping the magnetic fields

1. Store all items away from chemicals and free them from moisture to avoid rust
and oxidation
2. Clean the instruments of dust before and after these are used
3. Storing the Magnetic Compass should always be keep away from the magnet
4. Clean and dry the instruments and place them in a plastic bag before storing these
Page 148
DepEd-NSTIC
EXPERIMENT/SETUP: "G2" - FARADAY'S LAW OF INDUCTION
1*
2*
3*
4*
MAJOR COMPONENTS IN SETUP "G2"

*ITEM COMPONENTS FUNCTION
1 GALVANOMETER detects small electric current and determines its relative
strength
3 MAGNET WIRE OR a copper wire used as solenoid
COIL WINDING
4 BAR MAGNET a permanent magnet used to induce current in the coil
TROUBLE SHOOTING ON SETUP "G2" - FARADAY'S LAW OF INDUCTION

ITEM PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE REMEDY
1 Galvanometer pointer 1. Weak or demagnetized 1. Replace bar magnet or
not responding bar magnet magnetize the magnet
3. Defective galvanometer 3. Replace galvanometer with a
new one
EXPERIMENT/SETUP: "G3" - MAGNETIC FIELD OF A CURRENT-CARRYING CONDUCTOR

SETUP "G-a3" - STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR WIRE
1** 2**
5** 7**
6**
4**
*Item No. in Setup "G2"

Page 149
DepEd-NSTIC
SETUP "G-b3" - COIL, SINGLE LOOP CONDUCTOR WIRE
2**
SETUP "G-c3" - SOLENOID
3**
MAJOR COMPONENTS ON SETUP: "G3"

ITEM **COMPONENTS FUNCTION
1 MAGNETIC COMPASS shows direction of magnetic force
2 STRAIGHT LOOP serves as reference in determining magnetic force around the
CONDUCTOR WIRE conductor
3 SOLENOID a magnet wire wound around a form used to produce
magnetic fields
terminals
**Item No. In Setup "G"
Page 150
DepEd-NSTIC
TROUBLE SHOOTING ON SETUP: "G3" - MAGNETIC FIELD OF A

CURRENT-CARRYING CONDUCTOR
1 MAGNETIC COMPASS 1. Open circuit 1. Check connections and fix
not responding in 2. Drained dry cell 2. Replace dry cell with a new
normal condition one
3. Defective magnetic 3. Replace magnetic compass
compass with a new one
EXPERIMENT/SETUP: "H" - THE ELECTROMAGNET
6* 4*
2*
5*
1*
3*
7*
8*
9*
10
MAJOR COMPONENTS IN SETUP "H"
*ITEM COMPONENTS FUNCTION
1 SOLENOID used to produce magnetic fields
2 SUSPENDED NAIL used to detect the presence of magnetic fields inside the coil
3 BUNDLE OF NAILS serves as an iron core to vary the magnetic fields inside the
coil
4 SPRING/DISK POINTER determines the amount of the magnetic force
5 STEEL TAPE measures the actual elongation of spring
6 STAND SET ASSEMBLY provides support which consists of stand base, stand supports,
multi-clamp, universal clamp, bosshead, and rods
terminals
TROUBLE SHOOTING IN SETUP: "H" - The Electromagnet

1 SUSPENDED NAILS not 1. Drained dry cell 1. Replace dry cell with a new
responding in normal one
condition 2. Open circuit 2. Check connections and fix
*Item No. In Setup "D"
Page 151
DepEd-NSTIC
PHYSICS-SCIKIT MECHANICS SCIENCE EQUIPMENT

I. CARTS AND RAIL SYSTEM
1* 1*
4*
3* 2*
2*
Figure A. Dynamics Cart-A Figure B. Dynamics Cart-B
Figure C .Underneath View of Dynamics Cart-A
* No. of item in Table 1 on page 2.
Page 152
DepEd-NSTIC

EQUIPMENT: DYNAMICS CART -A AND CART-B
Table 1 . MAJOR PARTS OF DYNAMICS CART

Item Component Function
1 Cart Body holds the component parts
2 Wheels, Shafts and Teflon bearings roller system for the cart to
and Nuts move with less friction
3 Connecting Rod, spring and spring pad serves as bumper in
(Dynamics Cart-A Only) collision/explosion experiment.
4 Push Rod triggers the release of the
(Dynamics Cart-A Only) connecting rod
a) Avoid dropping the cart.

b) Clean and wipe with a dry cloth before and after use.
c) Check for any loose screws.
d) Return to its designated case in storing. For Cart-A, release the connecting rod when it is no longer
used or when stored.
Table 2 . TROUBLESHOOTING OF DYNAMICS CART

1. Connecting rod cannot Connecting rod is unable to Push the connecting rod to
be set to compressed engage with the setting plate. engage with the setting plate
level (as shown in figure C)
2. Cart hardly runs on rail Clearance between the wheel’s Adjust the Teflon bearing by its
shaft and Teflon bearing is tight. nut for a considerable clearance
Dusts or foreign objects are on Free the wheels and bearings

wheels and inside the Teflon from dusts and foreign objects
bearings.
Page 153
DepEd-NSTIC

EQUIPMENT: MOTORIZED CART
4*
2* 5*
3*
6*
1*
Figure C . Motorized Cart
Table 3 . MAJOR PARTS OF MOTORIZED CART

Item Component Functions
1 Chassis the frame that holds other parts.
2 Electric motor drives the cart
3 Wheels and Shaft roller system driven by the motor through a set of gears
4 Switch connects the motor to the power supply
5 Battery Casing holds one dry cell ”AA” as power source of motor
6 Coupling assembly connects the motor to the gear assembly

a) Avoid dropping the motorized cart.
b) Clean from dust and dirt before and after use.
c) Check for any loose screws.
d) Keep the equipment in a dry place.
e) During storage, remove dry cell and return to its designated case.
f) Protect the electric motor from direct contact with water or other liquid that will cause
short circuit.
Table 4 . TROUBLESHOOTING OF MOTORIZED CART

Drained/Weak dry Check the dry cell and replace it with a new
Motor does not start to cell one
run or is running Dirty wheels and Free the wheels and bearings of dust and
irregularly bearings foreign objects
Loose contact Clean the terminals of the cart’s dry cell
casing. If necessary, adjust its spring plate to
ensure proper contact with the dry cell
* No. of item in Table 3. Major Parts of Motorized Cart
Page 154
DepEd-NSTIC

EQUIPMENT: STOPPER FORK ASSEMBLY
3*
6* 4*
2* 1*
5*
Figure D . Stopper Fork Assembly
Table 5. MAJOR PARTS OF STOPPER FORK ASSEMBLY

Item
Component Function
No.
1 Fork main support of the assembly
2 Pin lock between the fork and handle
3 Bushing serves as bearing
4 Wheel moving part of the assembly, serve as guide for the small
string
5 Handle mounting handle for the assembly
6 Rubber Shock Absorber absorbs the impact caused by dynamic cart

1. Clean and keep dry the stopper fork assembly.
2. Properly store in the case to avoid damage since the clearance between the wheel and the
bushing is very sensitive.
3. Avoid playing with the wheel to prevent damage.
Table 6. TROUBLESHOOTING OF STOPPER FORK ASSEMBLY

Problem Probable Cause(s) Remedy
Misaligned wheel Clearance between the wheel Adjust the clearance and test
shaft and the bushing is too wide the functionality of the wheel
Wheel is hard to turn or Clearance is too tight or there is Clean the wheel and adjust the
not running smoothly dust accumulation in the bushing clearance; test its functionality
area.
Handle is not fixed in its The pin is dislodged or lost. If dislodged, fix it properly;
position If lost, replace the pin
* No. of item in Table 5. Major Parts of Stopper Fork Assembly
Page 155
DepEd-NSTIC
PHYSICS-MECHANICS SCIENCE EQUIPMENT

II. FREE-FALL APPARATUS
1*
Measuring Tape 2*
3* Wire connector
Ball/Sphere
Wire connector
4*
Figure E. Free-Fall Apparatus Setup
* No. of item in Table 7. Major Parts of Free-fall Apparatus
Page 156
DepEd-NSTIC
Table 7. MAJOR PARTS OF FREE - FALL APPARATUS

Item
Component Function
No.
1 Solenoid An electromagnet assembly that can suspend the
(a) object (Steel or Plastic ball with metal implant) at a
predetermined height. The iron core (a) of the
solenoid can be adjusted UP and DOWN positions
for a variation of its magnetic strength.
2 Pad Switch Functions as an electrical switch. It is composed of

landing pad (a),magnet (b), and terminals (c ).
The landing pad closes or opens the circuit. At the
start of the experiment, see to it that the circuit is
(a) closed with the landing pad in contact with the
magnet. When the free-falling ball drops and hits
the landing pad, it causes the circuit to open.
The two terminals provide the connection between
the pad switch and the synchro box.
(c)
(b)
3 Stopwatch Accounts the time for the free-falling object to travel
at a predetermined distance
4 Synchro Box Synchronizes all electrical components in the setup.

(a) It includes a push button (a) and battery. When the
(b)
button (a) in the synchro box is pressed, electric
current to the solenoid is cut off, the suspended ball
falls (at the same time, the stopwatch starts
running). When the ball hits the landing pad of the
pad switch, the timer stops.
(c)
Wire Connectors: (b) Y-terminal Lug (for pad switch)
(c) RCA Plug (for stopwatch)
(d) Needle probe (for solenoid)
(d)
Page 157
DepEd-NSTIC

1. Avoid dropping the components of the free-fall apparatus.
2. When oxidation or rust exists on the metal surfaces, use sandpaper grit 600 to remove the rust.
3. Remove the dry cell from the synchro box after using.
4. Wound and tie the wire connectors of the Synchro box properly after performing the activity.
5. Make sure that all components are free from grease, dirt and moisture.
6. Store all the items in their designated compartments inside the storage box.
7. Conduct a regular inventory and maintenance of all items.
Table 8. TROUBLESHOOTING OF FREE - FALL APPARATUS

The Solenoid is Drained or weak dry cell. Replace the dry cell with a new
deactivated (no magnetic one
attraction)
Open circuit Fix all the connections and

check the contact between
magnet and landing pad.
Iron core needs adjustment Adjust the iron core knob by
rotating clockwise/counter
clockwise to vary its magnetic
strength.
Intermittent stopwatch Stopwatch RCA plug is short Open RCA plug and check
circuited separator between soldered
connections
Loose contacts Check the connection to
eliminate the loose contact and
clean the contact point of the
pad switch where the button
magnet is located.
Synchro box switch out of sync Operate synchro box switch by
“quick push-release” technique
Page 158
DepEd-NSTIC

EQUIPMENT: STOP WATCH 4*
5* 2*
3*
1*
Figure F. Stopwatch Detail
Table 9. MAJOR PARTS OF STOPWATCH

Item
Component Function
No.
1 RCA Jack (Female) serves as external connector to the synchro box
2 Mode Selector Button used to switch modes between date/time function
and the timer/countdown feature
3 Start / Stop Button starts/stops the counting
4 Lap / Reset Button sets the time to zero
5 LCD Screen displays digital readout of time
1. Timer must be tested regularly to ensure that it is in good working condition.

2. When cleaning the LCD screen, wipe with dry cloth to remove dust and dirt.
3. Always store in a safe and dry place.
Table 10. TROUBLESHOOTING OF STOPWATCH

Problem Probable Cause(s) Remedy
No display on the LCD Dry cell is weak or totally Replace with a new one.
screen drained.
* No. of item in Table 9. Major Parts of Stopwatch
Page 159
DepEd-NSTIC
III. SINGLE AND DOUBLE PULLEY
Figure G. Pulley Setups
3* 4*
5*
1*
2*
Figure H. Single Pulley and Double Pulley
* No. of item in Table 11. Major Parts of Single and Double Pulley
Page 160
DepEd-NSTIC
III. SINGLE AND DOUBLE PULLEY
Table 11. MAJOR PARTS OF SINGLE AND DOUBLE PULLEY

Item
Component Functions
no.
1 Pulley Shaft supports the rotating big and small pulley wheel
2 Big/Small Pulley provides the rotating component of the pulley assembly
Wheel
3 Short Steel Bracket supports the pulley shaft and big pulley wheel
4 Long Steel Bracket supports the two pulley shafts, small and big pulley
wheel
5 Nut locks the pulley shaft

1. Clean the pulley assembly regularly with a dry cloth.
2. Remove the dust, dirt or other foreign object trapped between the pulley wheel and
the pulley shaft.
3. Store the pulley in a storage box that is secured, dry and free from chemical
contamination.
4. Never put heavy items over the pulley during the storage. It will cause damage to
the plastic pulley wheel or the pulley assembly.
5. Observe proper storing procedures.
Table 12. TROUBLESHOOTING OF SINGLE AND DOUBLE PULLEY

Stock-up or hard to turn Presence of dust or other Disassemble the pulley
the pulley wheel foreign matters accumulated shaft Clean the inner
between the pulley shaft and portion of the pulley wheel
the pulley wheel.
Pulley shaft not lock due Misplaced or lost nut Replace with metric nut
to lost nut size M4 × 0.7 RH
Damage pulley shaft Over tightening of the nut Fabricate a new pulley
thread during the assembly or shaft at the Machine Shop.
misalignment of threads.
Page 161
DepEd-NSTIC
IV. FRICTION SYSTEM

EQUIPMENT: FRICTION BOARD 2*
1** (underneath board)

3*
4* Figure I. The Fiction Board
Table 13. MAJOR PARTS OF FRICTION BOARD

Item
Component Function
No.
1 Plywood board (**) main component of the friction board, provides one
type of frictional surface
2 Red upholstery velvet provides another type of frictional surface
3 Aluminum J-clip fastens and secures the red upholstery velvet
4 Ø4.0 mm wood screw fastens the red upholstery velvet and aluminum clip to
the plywood board

1. Avoid exposing the velvet cloth to dust for it is a fibrous material.
2. Always check the condition of the wood screws that they are not loose or unscrewed. If
unscrewed or loose, re-tighten immediately.
3. Take care of the fibrous surface of the velvet cloth. It is one type of frictional surface to be
utilized for the activity.
4. If the friction board gets wet during the conduct of the experiment, let it dry immediately.
5. Avoid storing the friction board in a moist or wet area since the plywood board cannot resist
the moisture.
6. Store the friction board in a secured and dry storage cabinet.
Table 14. TROUBLE SHOOTING OF FRICTION BOARD

Detached aluminum J-clip Loose or unscrewed wood screw Tighten or replace wood
screw
Worn-out fibrous surface of the Over utilization of the fibrous Replace red velvet with a
red velvet cloth. surface of the red velvet cloth new one
* No. of item in Table 13. Major Parts of Friction Board

** Below item No. 2
Page 162
DepEd-NSTIC
IV. FRICTION SYSTEM
EQUIPMENT: FRICTION BLOCK
2*
3* 1*
Figure J. The Fiction Block
Table 15. MAJOR PARTS OF FRICTION BLOCK

Item
Component Function
No.
1 Kiln Dried Wood main component of the friction block and
provides one type of frictional surface
2 Natural Rubber 2mm thick
provide different types of frictional surfaces
3 Polyethylene plastic

1. Keep the friction block clean, dry, and free from oil and chemical contamination.
2. Always check the condition of the plastic and rubber materials attached to the
wooden block with the rubber cement. Initiate repair when signs of peeling occur.
3. Store in a secured storage cabinet that is dry, free from oil, chemical contamination
and termites.
Table 16. TROUBLESHOOTING OF FRICTION BLOCK

Peeling off of the rubber Exposure to too much Initiate repair by re-attaching
and plastic material moisture or gets wet. it to the block using rubber
attached to the wooden cement. Both surfaces
block should be clean before
putting the rubber cement.
* No. of item in Table 15. Major Parts of the Friction Block
Page 163
DepEd-NSTIC
V. UTILITY EQUIPMENT: MEASURING TAPE ASSEMBLY
2*
3* 4*
1*
Figure K. Measuring Tape Assembly
Table 17 . MAJOR PARTS OF MEASURING TAPE ASSEMBLY

Item
Component Function
No.
1 Measuring Tape serves as measuring scale
2 Hook A lower hook that keeps the assembly stable
3 Hook B upper hook that suspends the assembly from a
stand rod
4 Casing encloses the internal parts of the measuring tape
assembly

1. Make sure that the measuring tape assembly is dry and clean and the two hooks are in place.
2. Avoid exposing the measuring tape to a very humid environment since it is not rust proof.
3. Store it in a secured compartment at a storage box after using.
Table 18. TROUBLE SHOOTING OF MEASURING TAPE ASSEMBLY

Tape will not retract to its Over stretching or improper Guide the tape and slowly
plastic case. use of the measuring tape. push inside to activate the
inner mechanism. If this
remedy does not work, open
the casing and check the
condition of the inner
mechanism. If the
mechanism is badly
damaged, replace the and
transfer the two hooks from
the old assembly into the
new one.
Page 164
DepEd-NSTIC
V. UTILITY EQUIPMENT: NEWTON SPRING BALANCE
* No. of item in Table 17. Major Parts of Measuring Tape Assembly
Figure L. Newton Spring Balances: 2N, 5N & 10N
3* 1*
5* 6* 7* 2*
4*
Figure M. Anatomy of a Newton Spring Balance
Table 19. MAJOR PARTS OF NEWTON SPRING BALANCE

Item
Component Function
No.
1 Adjustment Knob sets the initial reading to zero before measuring the
force.
2 Stopper provides reference when setting the spring balance
reading to zero.
3 Tube Hanger can be inserted to stand rods during experiments. It also
serves as handle.
4 Hook holds the object to be weighed
5 Outer Tube encloses the spring and inner tube
6 Inner tube assembly calibrated to measure an unknown weight
7 Graduations provides the reading when measuring forces and weights
* No. of item in Table 19. Major Parts of Newton Spring Balance

1. Avoid dropping and over stretching the spring balance.
2. Always keep the spring in an unstressed (without load) position when not in use to maintain its
elasticity and accuracy.
3. Store the spring balance in its proper compartment in the storage case.
Schedule a regular maintenance check-up of the equipment to ensure that it is functional and accurate.
Page 165
DepEd-NSTIC
V. UTILITY EQUIPMENT: UTILITY SPRING SCALE

1*
4*
2*
5*
3*
Figure N. The Utility Spring Scale
Table 21. MAJOR PARTS OF UTILITY SPRING SCALE

Item
Component Function
No.
1 Weighing Pan serves as the platform for objects to be weighed
2 Pointer and Scale determines the exact weight of the object
3 Plastic Casing encloses the components
4 Adjusting Knob sets the pointer to zero position
5 Transparent/Clear Plastic Cover protects the scale and pointer

1. Clean the utility spring scale after every activity.
2. Store the scale in a safe and dry place.
3. Avoid dropping the utility spring scale.
* No. of item in Table 21. Major Parts of Utility Spring Scale
Page 166

NSTIC Sci - Manual Part 2

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

NSTIC Sci - Manual Part 2

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

NATIONAL SCIENCE TEACHING

The Student Worksheets and Maintenance Manual for Science I - IV

The main content of the manual is focused on the delivered science

The first component which is the student worksheet is a user-

Further, the manual was initially prepared, developed, nurtured, re-

The Management and Staff of the Department of Education-

Hon. Yolanda S. Quijano, Undersecretary, Programs and Projects,

Dr. Lolita M. Andrada, BSE Director through her representative,

The Regional Directors for their continuous support and dedication.

Special mention goes to the Regional Science Supervisors who

Editorial Team: Dir. Raul C. La Rosa

Writing Team : Science I– Leo M. Navarro

Science II– Gilbert O. Laxina Jr.

Science III– Maria Tita V. Valenzona

Science IV– Marvin S. Maquilas

Administration and Finance Division: Engr. Reginald B. Luz Roque

Production Division: Engr. Ruben C. Zaragoza and Staff

Graphic Artist: Nicolas B. Entrena

SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY:

3. Make sure students understand the instructions in the activity sheets.

4. Never allow small children (toddlers) or pets inside the laboratory.

6. Work areas must be clean and free of unnecessary materials.

7. Make sure all apparatus assembly are firmly clamped.

9. Make regular inspection of items to note possible defects.

The Student Worksheets and Maintenance Manual for Science I - IV

The main content of the manual is focused on the delivered science

The first component which is the student worksheet is a user-

Further, the manual was initially prepared, developed, nurtured, re-

The Management and Staff of the Department of Education-

Hon. Yolanda S. Quijano, Undersecretary, Programs and Projects,

Dr. Lolita M. Andrada, BSE Director through her representative,

The Regional Directors for their continuous support and dedication.

Special mention goes to the Regional Science Supervisors who

Part II-Repair and Maintenance 93

'Uy Cell Holder for Size D Dry Cell 102

Repair and Maintenance

GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:

EQUIPMENT: DC AMMETER 1.0 AMPERE

TABLE 1. MAJOR PARTS OF DC AMMETER 1.0 AMPERE

*Item Component Function

3 Binding posts terminals for external connections; these indicate the

5 Adjusting screw a zero setting of the equipment

*Item Number of Table1

MAINTENANCE AND PROPER STORAGE:

1. Clean the equipment with a dry cloth before storing.

TABLE 2. TROUBLESHOOTING OF DC AMMETER 1.0 AMPERE

Problem Probable Cause Remedy

Damaged coil Replace the equipment with a new

Adjusting screw was Remove the front cover by opening

Use the equipment according to its specified purpose.

Keep the equipment in a dry place.

EQUIPMENT: DC VOLTMETER 10 VOLT

TABLE 3. MAJOR PARTS OF DC VOLTMETER 10 VOLT

Item Component Function

3 Binding posts are terminals for external connections; are color

*Item Number of Table 3

MAINTENANCE AND PROPER STORAGE:

1. Clean the equipment with a dry cloth before storing

TABLE 4. TROUBLESHOOTING OF DC VOLTMETER 10 VOLT

Problem Probable Cause Remedy

Damaged coil Replace the equipment with a new one

Operate the unit up to its desired limit, which is a maximum of 10 volts.

Use the equipment according to its specific purpose.