International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)

ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor :6.887

Volume 5 Issue XII December 2017- Available at www.ijraset.com

Assessment of Ground Water Quality in

Medchal-Malkajgiri District
Srisailam Gogula1, David Wilson Narisinga2, Mohammed Vaseem3, Sunder Kumar Kolli4
1, 2, 3
Department of Chemistry,Govt. City College, Hyderabad, Telangana.
4
Department of Chemistry, Annamacharya Institute of Technology Sciences, Hyderabad

Abstract: Water is the most important substance in our daily life. Without water, life would not have beenpossible. The
magnitude of water problem is increased due to poor drainage system, unplanned industries, increase of pollution,
influxes of people from rural areas and other human activities. Due to rapid increase in population, urbanization and
industrialization in Hyderabad have resulted the drastic increase in water pollution, which is one of the largest and smart
city in India. In this study the ground water samples are collected in different seasons i.e., pre-monsoon and post-
monsoon in the year 2016 for analysis from various places of Rangareddy district (Medchal) in Telangana State. The
Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride (Cl-), fluoride (F-), nitrate(NO-3),
Sulphate(SO4-2), hardness (CaCO3, MgCO3), sodium(Na), potassium(K) are analyzed with different analytical methods
used by technical instruments. The results were compared with standard values given by World Health Organization
(WHO). The present study revealed that the parameters of water which is too higher than the standard limits.
Keywords: Physicochemical parameters, Water pollution, Total Hardness, Fluoride and Nitrate.

I. INTRODUCTION
India is the biggest developing country having 1.3 billion population, it needs to provide more facilities in various sectors for
the peoples’ sustainability. It is developing in agriculture in rural level, organizations and industries at urban areas.
Urbanization is more because growth rate is more at urban areas like Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Amaravati etc. Hyderabad is
situated at the banks of Musi river and it has great history, it is the capital city of Telangana state and Andhra Pradesh.
Hyderabad city has good climate and it provides many resources for the people to settle their career in various fields, so many
are coming to Hyderabad city from various places of India mostly from Telangana and Andhra Pradesh states and the
Hyderabad city is ranked as the best city in India in living standards by Mercer’s Quality of Life Index ranking in 2017, thus
many choose the city as permanent place as it gives multi careers. It iswell developed in various sectors like IT, Pharma,
educational etc. and it has major industrial areas in and around the city.Medchal is also one of the industrial area in city,
which is carved out of erstwhile Ranga reddy district, now it is re-organized as a district by the Telangana government in
2016 named as Medchal-Malkajgiri district.Generally due to urbanization1-5 and industrialization air and water gets pollution,
especially water quality reduces, which becomes more dangerous6. Water is essential for human life and needs. Natural and
ground water is more affected at such areas like Medchal.

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Samples were collected from various selected sites of Medchal-Malkajgiri district of Hyderabad city in both pre- monsoon
and post monsoon seasons, general analytical methods were used to assess the water quality of samples such as Electrical
Conductivity meter, pH meter, Ion meter, UV Spectrophotometer, Nephelo meter and Flame photometer was used to test the
water quality parameters in both the seasons. While collecting the samples location of sampling area noted and numbering is
given for the sampling bottles from 1 to 20, Latitude and Longitudes are also noted and mentioned below in the table-1.

Table1: Latitude and Longitudes values of sampling sites

S. No Name of the site Latitude & Longitude S. No Name of the site Latitude & Longitude
1 Medchal 17.6305o N, 78.4842o E 11 Kukatpally 17.4849o N, 78.3996o E
2 Jeedimetla 17.5172o N, 78.4612o E 12 Shapur 17.5394o N, 78.2675o E
o o
3 Shamirpet 17.5895 N, 78.5706 E 13 Fathenagar 17.4573o N, 78.4517o E
4 Kapra 17.4888o N, 78.5718o E 14 Bowenpally 17.4765o N, 78.4884o E

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor :6.887
Volume 5 Issue XII December 2017- Available at www.ijraset.com

5 Keesara 17.5281o N, 78.6538o E 15 Uppal 17.3984o N, 78.5583o E

6 Ghatkesar 17.4453o N, 78.6853o E 16 Nagole 17.3715o N, 78.5695o E
7 Alwal 17.4981o N, 78.5027o E 17 Malkajgiri 17.4491o N, 78.5338o E
8 Quthbullapur 17.4980oN, 78.4622oE 18 Begumpet 17.4447o N, 78.4664o E
9 Dundigal 17.6269N, 78.4013o E 19 Lothukunta 17.4958o N, 78.5128o E
10 Balanagar 17.4650o N, 78.4510o E 20 Cherlapally 17.4681o N, 78.5974o E

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Water samples are analyzed in different seasons i.e. April-May month (pre- monsoon) and November-December month (post
monsoon) in the year of 2016. Results are represented in the Table 2as pre- monsoon analytical data, Table 3 as post
monsoon data. This data reveals that at Medchal and Balanagar have more parameters exceeding the drinking water quality
limits and they are higher than all sites in or at the time of pre- monsoon, it is may be the reason that the site Medchal is
having major water polluting sources i.e. many industries are located there over. Medchal and Quthbullapur are having
parameters with exceeding limits than other sites in post monsoon season. At all proposed sites maximum number of
parameters is exceeding the standard limits given by World Health Organization given below in table 4. Nitrate, Chloride and
Total Hardness is too high at the proposed sites, excess of Fluoride is present which effects health. Total dissolved solids,
Chloride, Fluoride, Nitrate and Total Hardness is compared with World Health Organization standard value sat both pre-
monsoon and post-monsoon seasons and represented by graphical method at proposed sites which is shown in figure 1 to
figure 5, because these parameters directly effect on human health mostly. These chemical examinations of all water samples
of proposed sites given us result of drinking water and how much they polluted. The pollution causes major health problems
to the people as water is major source of human living as they use this water for drinking and domestic purpose. In the month
of April and May ground water levels are decreased due to summer or less rains, as ground water levels are decreased water
pollution becomes more. Inpre- monsoon season water samples are more contaminated. Due to industrialization around the
city of Hyderabad like Medchal, Jeedimetla, Balanagar, Kukatpally etc. water pollution increased in pre-monsoon season, it
might be cause after monsoon rains also many sites arehaving pollution. The above analysis results reveal thatPre- monsoon
season is having more pollution or contamination than post monsoon at selected stations.

Table 2: Analytical pre- monsoon values of water samples at proposed sites

S No PH EC TDS HCO3 Cl F NO3 SO4 Na K Ca Mg TH
1 7.84 2570 1645 153 640 2.63 58 132 209 3 192 88 840
2 7.53 1586 1015 315 240 1.85 48 51 137 3 128 44 500
3 7.67 863 552 244 90 1.73 7.1 30 25 2 96 34 380
4 7.49 583 373 190 30 1.55 10 20 25 1 48 29 240
5 7.9 568 364 215 10 2.41 94 18 30 0.5 48 24 220
6 7.5 1643 1052 392 200 0.99 8.5 105 180 30 112 29 400
7 7.45 1361 871 382 140 1.87 8.95 60 76 1 72 83 520
8 7.3 2150 1376 330 330 1.65 50 90 200 8 240 10 640
9 7.72 2000 1278 373 250 1.4 48.5 80 199 53 176 58 680
10 7.56 2550 1635 632 300 0.9 46 109 390 7 144 15 420
11 8.27 1051 673 306 90 1.09 7.02 60 105 2 40 49 300
12 8.26 790 505 205 70 0.46 68 60 35 2 40 53 320
13 8.31 1074 687 131 180 0.4 15.75 68 83 1 48 59 360
14 8.46 758 485 124 80 0.65 5 107 83 2 24 36 200
15 7.95 1625 1043 184 250 2.1 56 135 127 3 58 110 420
16 7.67 1011 648 355 60 2.6 86 50 115 1 86 74 360
17 7.99 740 474 245 50 1.73 5.35 30 43 1 72 24 280
18 8.48 463 296 87 40 1.32 2.10 51 55 3 40 15 120
19 8.08 1353 815 281 180 1.36 10.04 95 126 7 48 66 400
20 7.37 1273 866 300 130 1.66 50 72 119 4 96 54 380

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor :6.887
Volume 5 Issue XII December 2017- Available at www.ijraset.com

Table 3: Analytical post monsoon values of water samples at proposed sites

S NO PH EC TDS HCO3 Cl F NO3 SO4 Na K Ca Mg TH
1 7.51 2700 1728 250 645 2.7 82 113 215 3 252 60 880
2 7.43 1736 1019 330 225 2.2 51 48 74 3 128 58 620
3 7.82 850 534 285 50 0.82 5.2 29.5 45 0.4 64 39 320
4 7.5 502 321 151 20 0.55 14.8 18 24 0.5 56 15 200
5 7.45 675 435 233 30 3.75 86 22 28 0.6 64 29 280
6 7.38 1655 1059 275 190 0.62 50.5 96 102 26.5 144 53 580
7 7.5 1474 943 370 180 1.56 11 65 84 1.5 112 68 560
8 7.05 2100 1345 44 490 0.63 54.85 100 100 3 264 33 840
9 7.5 1800 1155 384 200 0.86 42 84 180 60.4 104 44 440
10 7.83 1845 1180 264 80 2.21 58.6 31 86 12 44 44 340
11 7.57 1287 824 271 160 0.99 9.70 102 105 1.94 75 58 420
12 7.74 1367 875 254 190 0.42 15.95 97 115 0.8 56 19 220
13 7.42 1140 902 220 230 0.4 15.56 94 88 1 120 53 520
14 7.65 896 573 300 60 0.75 4 45 92 8 40 34 240
15 7.72 1745 797 133 110 1.75 67 54 85 2 88 34 360
16 7.41 1630 922 340 100 1.92 63 59 113 3 84 38 360
17 7.58 688 440 151 80 1.50 6.1 53 31 1 40 53 320
18 7.75 740 475 162 80 1.82 4.20 74 67 3 64 68 440
19 7.85 1410 902 234 190 0.76 26.93 95 116 0.75 32 97 480
20 8.1 1520 972 328 200 2.75 45 72 249 2.5 16 44 420

Table 4: World Health Organization (WHO) standards of drinking water quality parameters
PH EC TDS HCO3 Cl F NO3 SO4 Na K Ca Mg TH
8.5 2000 500 500 200 1 45 200 200 12 75 30 200

The study of given parameters of selected sites reveals that they effected with higher contamination, the comparison is given
below by graphical method, we have discussed about highly effected and health impacted parameters which are Total
dissolved solids, Chloride, Fluoride, Nitrate and Total Hardness of proposed sites at both seasons and these values are
compared with standard values given by World Health Organization. In the represented graphs sites were taken on X- axis
and volume of parameters (mg/L) was taken on Y- axis.

TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (MG/L)

2000 re-monsoon Post monsoon WHO standards
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0

Figure1: Comparison of Total Dissolved Solids values at proposedsites

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor :6.887
Volume 5 Issue XII December 2017- Available at www.ijraset.com

CHLORIDE (MG/L)
Pre-monsoon Post monsoon WHO standards

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

Figure 2: Comparison of Chloride values at proposed sites

FLUORIDE (MG/L)
Pre-monsoon Post monsoon WHO standards
4

3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

Figure 3: Comparison of Fluoride values at proposed sites

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor :6.887
Volume 5 Issue XII December 2017- Available at www.ijraset.com

NITRATE (MG/L)
Pre-monsoon Post monsoon WHO standrds
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Figure 4: Comparison of Nitrate values at proposed sites

TOTAL HARDNESS (MG/L)

Pre-monsoon Post monsoon WHO standards

1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

Figure 5: Comparison of Total Hardness values at proposed sites

IV. CONCLUSION
The study of chemical analysis of selected area water samples in various parameters such as pH, EC, Total Dissolved Solids
(TDS), Bicarbonate (HCO3), Chloride (Cl), Fluoride (F), Nitrate (NO3), Sulphate (SO4)and Total hardness (TH) are exceeded
drinking water quality limits at many sites. Total dissolved solids are most at Medchal,Jeedimetla, Quthbullapur and
Balanagar. High content of Nitrate is present at Jeedimetla, Quthbullapur, Balanagar, Keesara, Uppal and Nagolewhich is too

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor :6.887
Volume 5 Issue XII December 2017- Available at www.ijraset.com

harmful for human health. Chloride is high contaminated at Medchal, Jeedimetla, Quthbullapur, Balanagar and Uppal. More
Fluoride is present at Medchal, Jeedimetla, Quthbullapur, Balanagar, Keesara, Alwal, Uppal, Nagole and Cherlapally.
Hardness is more at all sites except Kapra, Keesara, Bowenpally and Begumpet.With minor treatment to water at sites
Shamirpet, Ghatkesar, Alwal, Kukatpally can be used to drink. At Medchal, Jeedimetla, Quthbullapur, Balanagar, Uppal and
Nagole need more treatment, without treatment these water is not useful for domestic purpose, so the people themselves have
to take care, because water is the major source for living beings and environment also effected at this condition. Hence here
water polluting agents must be controlled, treatment and care should be taken. Pollution control board should actively
participate to control water pollution to save health of the people and as well as responsibility has to be taken up by the
government.

V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are thankful to Dr. C Manjulatha, Principal, Mrs. G Vijaya Jyothi, Head of the department, Chemistry, Govt.
City College, Hyderabad and Ground Water Board, Govt. of Telangana, Khairtabad, Hyderabad for providing the facilities
to analyze the samples of selected areas.

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